VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

REPORT
MAIN PROJECT

TOPIC 2B:
Limits and Derivatives: Derivatives
Class: Calculus 1 (Exercise) - CC03
Lecturer: Prof. Phan Thành An - Email: [email protected]

List of members
1. Tô Nhật Thanh - 2353085
Email: [email protected]
Tasks: answer and Matlab sub-code question 2B.2.1, write a report in LaTeX
2. Phạm Quốc Vương - 2353346
Email: [email protected]
Tasks: answer question 2B.2.2, main Matlab code
3. Trịnh Minh Trân - 2353210
Email: [email protected]
Tasks: answer and Matlab sub-code question 2B.3, present
4. Cao Thị Huỳnh Như - 2352876
Email: [email protected]
Tasks: answer and Matlab sub-code question 2B.1

Ho Chi Minh 3/2024

Contents
1 Section 2.8 3
1.1 Exercise 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 Detailed solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.3 Program code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.4 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Exercise 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.1 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.2 Detailed solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3 Program code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.4 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Exercise 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.1 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.2 Detailed solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.3 Program code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3.4 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Exercise 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.1 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.2 Detailed solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4.3 Program code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.4.4 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2 Dataset 18

3 References 19

2
1 Section 2.8
1.1 Exercise 19
1.1.1 Problem
Let f (x) = x2 .

(a) Estimate the values of f ′ (0), f ′ ( 21 ), f ′ (1), and f ′ (2) by using a graphing device to zoom in on the graph
of f .
(b) Use symmetry to deduce the values of f ′ (− 12 ), f ′ (−1), and f ′ (−2).
(c) Use the results from parts (a) and (b) to guess a formula for f ′ (x).
(d) Use the definition of derivative to prove that your guess in part (c) is correct.

1.1.2 Detailed solution

(a) By zooming in, we estimate that f ′ (0) = 0, f ′ ( 12 ) = 1, f ′ (1) = 2, and f ′ (2) = 4.

Figure 1: The graph of an equation f (x) = x2

(b) By symmetry, f ′ (−x) = − f ′ (x). So f ′ (− 12 ) = −1, f ′ (−1) = −2, and f ′ (−2) = −4.
(c) It appears that f ′ (x) is twice the value of x, so we guess that f ′ (x) = 2x.
(d) To prove our guess, we use the limit definition of the derivative:

f (x + h) − f (x)
f ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
(x + h)2 − x2
= lim
h→0 h
(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) − x2
= lim
h→0 h
2xh + h 2
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (2x + h)
h→0
= 2x

3
1.1.3 Program code

disp ( ’ Excercise 19 ’)
%% Q u e s t i o n a
disp ( ’ a ) ’);
% The v a l u e o f g r a p h
x = −10:0.5:10;
y = x.^2;
% Build graph f ( x )
subplot (1 ,2 ,1)
p l o t ( x , y , ’ blue ’ ) ;
ylim ( [ 0 , 5 ] ) ; x l a b e l ( ’ x value ’ ) ; y l a b e l ( ’ f ( x ) value ’ ) ;
t i t l e ( ’ The g r a p h o f f ( x ) ’ ) ;
g r i d on
% Build graph f ‘ ( x )
z = x *2;
subplot (1 ,2 ,2)
p l o t ( x , z , ’ red ’ ) ; ylim ( [ − 2 , 6 ] ) ; x l a b e l ( ’ x value ’ ) ; y l a b e l ( ’ f ‘ ( x ) value ’ ) ;
t i t l e ( ’ The g r a p h o f f ‘ ( x ) ’ ) ;
text (0 ,0 , ’(0 ,0) ’); text (0.5 ,1 , ’(0.5 ,1) ’);
text (1 ,2 , ’(1 ,2) ’); text (2 ,4 , ’(2 ,4) ’);
g r i d on
% Solve q u e s t i o n a
d i s p ( ’ By zooming i n , we e s t i m a t e t h a t : ’ ) ;
syms x ;
f = x.^2;
f1 = d i f f ( f ) ;
disp ( [ ’ f ‘ ( x )= ’ char ( f1 ) ] ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( 0 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( 0 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( 0 . 5 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( 0 . 5 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( 1 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( 1 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( 2 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( 2 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
%% Q u e s t i o n b
disp ( ’b ) ’);
d i s p ( ’ By symmetry , we c a n s e e t h a t ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ( − x )= − f ‘ ( x ) ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’= > So we c a n i n f e r t h a t ’ ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( − 0 . 5 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( − 0 . 5 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( − 1 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( − 1 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
a = s u b s ( f1 , x , sym ( − 2 ) ) ; d i s p ( [ ’ f ‘ ( − 2 ) = ’ c h a r ( a ) ] ) ;
%% Q u e s t i o n c
disp ( ’ c ) ’);
disp ( . . .
’ I t a p p e a r s t h a t f ‘ ( x ) i s t w i c e t h e v a l u e o f x , s o we g u e s s f ‘ ( x ) = 2 x ’ ) ;
%% Q u e s t i o n d
disp ( ’d ) ’);
syms h ;
syms f ;
k = ( f * ( x+h ) − f * x ) / h ; d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 ) ’ ) , p r e t t y ( k ) ;
k = ( ( x+h )^2 − x ^ 2 ) / h ; d i s p ( ’= > f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 ) ’ ) , p r e t t y ( k ) ;
k = ( ( x ^2+2 * h * x+h ^2) − x ^ 2 ) / h ; d i s p ( ’= > f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 ) ’ ) , p r e t t y ( k ) ;
k = ( 2 * h * x+h ^ 2 ) / h ; d i s p ( ’= > f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 ) ’ ) , p r e t t y ( k ) ;
k = ( 2 * x+h ) ; d i s p ( ’= > f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 ) ’ ) , p r e t t y ( k ) ;
d i s p ( ’= > f ‘ ( x ) = 2x ’ ) ;

4
1.1.4 Result

>> Ex19
E x c e r c i s e 19
a)
By zooming i n , we e s t i m a t e t h a t :
f ‘ ( x )=2* x
f ‘(0)=0
f ‘(0.5)=1
f ‘(1)=2
f ‘(2)=4
b)
By symmetry , we c a n s e e t h a t
f ‘ ( − x )= − f ‘ ( x )
=> So we c a n i n f e r t h a t
f ‘( −0.5)= −1
f ‘( −1)= −2
f ‘( −2)= −4
c)
I t a p p e a r s t h a t f ‘ ( x ) i s t w i c e t h e v a l u e o f x , s o we g u e s s f ‘ ( x ) = 2 x
d)
f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 )
f (h + x) − f x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

=> f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 )
2 2
(h + x) − x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

=> f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 )
2
h + x h 2
−−−−−−−−−−
h

=> f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 )
2
h + x h 2
−−−−−−−−−−
h

=> f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h −> 0 )
h + 2 x

=> f ‘ ( x ) = 2 x

5
Figure 2: MatLab Visualization in Exercise 19

6
1.2 Exercise 47
1.2.1 Problem
Use the definition of a derivative to find f ′ (x) and f ′′ (x). Then graph f , f ′ , and f ′′ on a common screen and check
to see if your answers are reasonable.

f (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 1

1.2.2 Detailed solution

f (x + h) − f (x)
f ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[3(x + h)2 + 2(x + h) + 1] − (3x2 + 2x + 1)
= lim
h→0 h
(3x + 6xh + 3h + 2x + 2h + 1) − (3x2 + 2x + 1)
2 2
= lim
h→0 h
6xh + 3h2 + 2h
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (6x + 3h + 2)
h→0
= 6x + 2
f ′ (x + h) − f ′ (x)
f ′′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[6(x + h) + 2] − (6x + 2)
= lim
h→0 h
(6x + 6h + 2) − (6x + 2)
= lim
h→0 h
6h
= lim
h→0 h
= lim 6
h→0
=6

Figure 3: The graph of f , f ′ , and f ′′

We see from the graph that our answers are reasonable because the graph of f ′ is that of a linear function and the graph
of f ′′ is that of a constant function.

7
1.2.3 Program code

%% Graph
% The v a l u e o f g r a p h
x = −10:0.5:10;
y = 3* x . ^ 2 + 2 * x + 1 ;
z = 6* x + 2 ;
t = sym ( 6 ) ;
% Build graph f ( x )
p l o t ( x , y , ’ blue ’ ) ;
% Build graph f ‘ ( x )
h o l d on
p l o t ( x , z , ’ red ’ ) ;
% Build graph f ‘ ‘ ( x )
h o l d on
p l o t ( x , t , ’ green ’ ) ;
ylim ( [ − 4 , 9 ] ) ;
x l a b e l ( ’ x value ’ ) ;
y l a b e l ( ’ f ( x ) value ’ ) ;
g r i d on
legend ( ’ f ( x ) ’ , ’ f ‘ ( x ) ’ , ’ f ‘ ‘( x ) ’ ) ;
syms x h f ;
%% f ‘ ( x )
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( f * ( x+h ) − f * ( x ) ) ;
pretty (k );
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( ( 3 * ( x+h ) . ^ 2 + 2 * ( x+h ) + 1 ) − 3 * x . ^ 2 − 2 * x − 1 ) / h ;
pretty (k );
d i s p ( ’ = l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 6 x + 3 h + 2 ) = 6 x + 2 ’ ) ;
%% f ‘ ‘ ( x )
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = f * ( x+h ) − f * ( x ) ;
pretty (k );
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( ( 6 * ( x+h ) + 2 ) − 6 * x − 2 ) / h ;
pretty (k );
d i s p ( ’ = l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 6 ) = 6 ’ ) ;
%% C o n c l u s i o n
d i s p ( ’We s e e from t h e g r a p h o f f , f ‘ , and f ‘ ‘ t h a t ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ o u r a n s w e r s a r e r e a s o n a b l e . For ’ ) ;
k = 3* x . ^ 2 + 2 * x + 1 ;
pretty (k );
disp ( ’ f ‘( x) is a l inear function ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ and f ‘ ‘ ( x ) i s a c o n s t a n t ’ ) ;

8
1.2.4 Result

>> Ex47
f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
f (h + x) − f x

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
2 2
2 h + 3 (h + x) − 3 x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 6 x + 3 h + 2 ) = 6 x + 2
f ‘ ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
f (h + x) − f x

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
6

= l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 6 ) = 6
We s e e from t h e g r a p h o f f , f ‘ , and f ‘ ‘ t h a t
our answers a r e r e a s o n a b l e . For
2
3 x + 2 x + 1

f ‘( x) is a linear function
and f ‘ ‘ ( x ) i s a c o n s t a n t

Figure 4: MatLab Visualization in Exercise 47

9
1.3 Exercise 48
1.3.1 Problem
Use the definition of a derivative to find f ′ (x) and f ′′ (x). Then graph f , f ′ , and f ′′ on a common screen and check
to see if your answers are reasonable.

f (x) = x3 − 3x

1.3.2 Detailed solution

f (x + h) − f (x)
f ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[(x + h)3 − 3(x + h)] − (x3 − 3x)
= lim
h→0 h
(x + 3x h + 3xh2 + h3 − 3x − 3h) − (x3 − 3x)
3 2
= lim
h→0 h
3x2 h + 3xh2 + h3 − 3h
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (3x2 + 3xh + h2 − 3)
h→0
2
= 3x − 3
f ′ (x + h) − f ′ (x)
f ′′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[3(x + h)2 − 3] − (3x2 − 3)
= lim
h→0 h
(3x2 + 6xh + 3h2 − 3) − (3x2 − 3)
= lim
h→0 h
6xh + 3h 2
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (6x + 3h)
h→0
= 6x

Figure 5: The graph of f , f ′ , and f ′′

We see from the graph that our answers are reasonable because the graph of f ′ is that of an even function ( f is an odd
function) and the graph of f ′′ is that of an odd function. Furthermore, f ′ = 0 when f has a horizontal tangent and
f ′′ = 0 when f ′ has a horizontal tangent.

10
1.3.3 Program code

%% Graph
% The v a l u e o f g r a p h
x = −10:0.5:10;
y = x .^3 −3* x ;
z = 3* x . ^ 2 − 3 ;
t = 6* x ;
% Build graph f ( x )
p l o t ( x , y , ’ blue ’ ) ;
% Build graph f ‘ ( x )
h o l d on
p l o t ( x , z , ’ red ’ ) ;
% Build graph f ‘ ‘ ( x )
h o l d on
p l o t ( x , t , ’ green ’ ) ;
ylim ( [ − 4 , 4 ] ) ;
x l a b e l ( ’ x value ’ ) ;
y l a b e l ( ’ f ( x ) value ’ ) ;
g r i d on
legend ( ’ f ( x ) ’ , ’ f ‘ ( x ) ’ , ’ f ‘ ‘( x ) ’ ) ;
%% f ( x )
syms x h f ;
d i s p ( ’ f ( x )= lim_ ( x − >0) ’);
k = x . ^ 3 − 3* x ;
pretty (k );
%% D e r i v a t i v e o f f ( x )
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( f * ( x+h ) − f * ( x ) ) / h ;
pretty (k );
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( ( ( x+h ) . ^ 3 − 3 * ( x+h ) ) − x . ^ 3 + 3 * x ) / h ;
pretty (k );
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = 3* x . ^ 2 + 3 * x * h . ^ 2 + h . ^ 3 − 3 * h ;
pretty (k );
k = 3* x . ^ 2 − 3 ;
pretty (k );
%% D e r i v a t i v e o f f ‘ ( x )
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = f * ( x+h ) − f * x ;
pretty (k );
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( ( 3 * ( x+h ) . ^ 2 − 3 ) − 3 * x . ^ 2 + 3 ) / h ;
pretty (k );
d i s p ( ’ = l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 6 x+3h ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’=6x ’ ) ;
%% C o n c l u s i o n
d i s p ( ’ C o n c l u s i o n : We s e e from t h e g r a p h t h a t o u r a n s w e r a r e c o r r e c t . ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ For f ( x ) = ’ ) ;
k = x .^3 −3* x ;
pretty (k );
disp ( ’ f ‘ ( x ) i s a parabola with zeros a l i g n i n g with those of f ‘ ‘ ( x ) ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ Moreover , f ‘ ( x ) z e r o s mean h o r i z o n t a l t a n g e n t s i n f ( x ) , same f o r f ‘ ‘ ’ ) ;

11
1.3.4 Result

>> Ex48
f ( x ) = l i m _ ( x − >0)
3
x − 3 x

f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
f (h + x) − f x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
3 3
3 h − (h + x) + x
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
3 2 2
h + 3 h x − 3 h + 3 x

2
3 x − 3

f ‘ ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
f (h + x) − f x

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
2 2
3 (h + x) − 3 x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 6 x+3h
=6x
C o n c l u s i o n : We s e e from t h e g r a p h t h a t o u r a n s w e r a r e c o r r e c t .
For f ( x ) =
3
x − 3 x

f ‘ ( x ) i s a parabola with zeros a l i g n i n g with those of f ‘ ‘ ( x )

Moreover , f ‘ ( x ) z e r o s mean h o r i z o n t a l t a n g e n t s i n f ( x ) , same f o r f ‘ ‘

12
 Figure 6: MatLab Visualization in Exercise 48

1.4 Exercise 49
1.4.1 Problem
If f (x) = 2x2 − x3 , find f ′ (x), f ′′ (x), f ′′′ (x), and f (4) (x). Graph f , f ′ , f ′′ , and f ′′′ on a common screen. Are the
graphs consistent with the geometric interpretations of these derivatives?

13
1.4.2 Detailed solution
f (x + h) − f (x)
f ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[2(x + h)2 − (x + h)3 ] − (2x2 − x3 )
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (4x + 2h − 3x2 − 3xh − h2 )
h→0
= 4x − 3x2
f ′ (x + h) − f ′ (x)
f ′′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[4(x + h) − 3(x + h)2 ] − (4x − 3x2 )
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (4 − 6x − 3h)
h→0
= 4 − 6x
f ′′ (x + h) − f ′′ (x)
f ′′′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
[4 − 6(x + h)] − (4 − 6x)
= lim
h→0 h
−6h
= lim
h→0 h
= lim (−6)
h→0
= −6
f ′′′ (x + h) − f ′′′ (x)
f (4) (x) = lim
h→0 h
−6 − (−6)
= lim
h→0 h
0
= lim
h→0 h
=0

14
 Figure 7: The graph of f , f ′ , f ′′ , and f ′′′

The graphs match geometric derivative interpretations as f ′ has zeros where f has a local minimum and a local
maximum, f ′′ has a zero where f ′ has a local maximum, and f ′′′ is a constant function equal to the slope of f ′′ .

15
1.4.3 Program code

% The v a l u e o f g r a p h
x = −10:0.5:10;
y = 2* x . ^ 2 − x . ^ 3 ;
z = 4 * x −3 * x . ^ 2 ;
t = 4 −6 * x ;
% Build graph f ( x )
p l o t ( x , y , ’ red ’ ) ;
h o l d on ;
p l o t ( x , z , ’ blue ’ ) ;
h o l d on ;
p l o t ( x , t , ’ green ’ ) ;
ylim ( [ − 5 , 5 ] ) ; x l a b e l ( ’ x value ’ ) ; y l a b e l ( ’ f ( x ) value ’ ) ;
g r i d on
legend ( ’ f ( x ) ’ , ’ f ‘ ( x ) ’ , ’ f ‘ ‘( x ) ’ ) ;
syms x f h ;
%C a c u l a t e f ‘ ( x )
k = ( f * ( x+h ) − f * ( x ) ) / h ;
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
pretty (k );
k = ( ( 2 * ( x+h ) . ^ 2 − ( x+h ) . ^ 3 ) − ( 2 * x . ^ 2 − x . ^ 3 ) ) / h ;
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
pretty (k );
k = ( h * ( 4 * x +2 * h −3 * x . ^ 2 − 3 * x * h−h . ^ 2 ) ) / h ;
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
pretty (k );
k = 4 * x −3 * x . ^ 2 ;
disp ( ’= ’);
pretty (k );
%C a c u l a t e f ‘ ‘ ( x )
k = ( 4 * ( x+h ) − 3 * ( x+h ) . ^ 2 − ( 4 * x −3 * x . ^ 2 ) ) / h ;
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
pretty (k );
k = 4 −6 * x −3 * h ;
d is p ( ’= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
pretty (k );
d i s p ( ’ = 4 − 6x ’ ) ;
%C a c u l a t e f ‘ ‘ ‘ ( x )
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ‘ ‘ ( x )= lim_ ( h − >0) ’);
k = ( ( 4 − 6 * ( x+h ) ) − ( 4 − 6 * x ) ) / h ;
pretty (k );
d i s p ( ’ = l i m ( h − >0) ( − 6 ) ’ ) ;
disp ( ’= −6 ’);
%C a c u l a t e f ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ( x )
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 0 / h ) ’ ) ;
disp ( ’=0 ’);
%T e x t
d i s p ( ’ The g r a p h s match g e o m e t r i c d e r i v a t i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s as ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ h a s z e r o s where f h a s a l o c a l minimum and a l o c a l maximum ’ ) ;
d i s p ( ’ f ‘ ‘ h a s a z e r o when f ‘ h a s a l o c a l maximum ’ ) ;
disp ( ’ f ‘ ‘ ‘ i s a c o n s t a n t f u n c t i o n equal to the slope of f ‘ ‘ ’ ) ;

16
1.4.4 Result

>> Ex49
f ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
f (h + x) − f x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
2 3 2 3
2 (h + x) − (h + x) − 2 x + x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
2 2
− h − 3 h x + 2 h − 3 x + 4 x

=
2
− 3 x + 4 x

f ‘ ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
2 2
4 h − 3 (h + x) + 3 x
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
h

= l i m _ ( h − >0)
4 − 6 x − 3 h

= 4 − 6x
f ‘ ‘ ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0)
−6

= l i m ( h − >0) ( − 6 )
=−6
f ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ( x ) = l i m _ ( h − >0) ( 0 / h )
=0
The g r a p h s match g e o m e t r i c d e r i v a t i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s a s
f ‘ h a s z e r o s where f h a s a l o c a l minimum and a l o c a l maximum
f ‘ ‘ h a s a z e r o when f ‘ h a s a l o c a l maximum
f ‘ ‘ ‘ i s a c o n s t a n t f u n c t i o n equal to the slope of f ‘ ‘

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 Figure 8: MatLab Visualization in Exercise 49

2 Dataset

% The v a l u e o f g r a p h
x = −10:0.5:10;

Figure 9: The data of x values

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3 References
[1] James Stewart, Calculus: Early Transcendentals, 7th ed, Cengage Learning.
[2] TeXstudio
[3] MatLab
[4] Holly Moore, MATLAB for Engineers, 6th ed, Pearson.

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