aemoval of hardness using ion exchange resins (tgn): tom exchange 1 @ reversible process. When hard water Is passed through catlon (on xchange resins packed in a narrow column, Ca! and Magy cations in hard water aro ; eochanged with Nas or Hs lons in the resins, The exhausted resins are reuenerated by passin 10% HEIthrough the column, A typical example of application Is preparation of high BUY water for Power engineering, electronic and nuclear industries and in household water Reagents and solutions: Standard hard water (1mg/ml of CaCO; equivalents), 0.02 N EDTA solution, EBT indicator, hard water sample, NHs-NH.Cl buffer solution and fon exchange resin, "Apparatus: Burette, pipette, conical flask, standard flask burette stand and IER column. Procedure: Titration-t: Standardization of EDTA Pipette out 20 mL of the standard hard water containing 1mg/mL of CaCQs (1000 ppm) into a clean conical flask, Add one test tube full of ammonia buffer (NHxQH —NFaCi) solution to maintain the pH around 10. Add three drops of Eriochrome Black ~ 7 (EBT) indicator and, titrate it against the given EDTA solution taken in the burette. The end point is change of colour from wine sed to steel blue. Repeat the titration for concordant titer values. Let ‘Wa’ be the volume of EDTA consumed. i 1S. Volume of standard hard water | Burette reading (ml) Volume of EDTA S| eal ee initial Final (Vs, mu) iE 2o-nl ° 1H FS AS] j 2 ao-ml ms | 385 18 j [3 Bord a5 53 | ius } ie Concordant titer value mee Page | 37calculation? gomLof given hard water consumes V, mk of EDTA 20 mgot CaCOs requires Vs ml of EDTA for complexation 20/V; mg CaCOs for complexation ‘Titration-ll: Estimation of total harciness of hard water sample Pipette out 20 mL of the given sample of hard water into a clean conical flask, Add one test tube full of ammonia butfer (NH4OH — NHiCl) solution and three drops of Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) indicator. Titrate this mixture against standardized EDTA solution taken in the burette. The end point is the change of color from wine red to steel blue, Repeat the titration. for concordant titer value, Let *V2' be the volume of EDTA cansumed. Volume ofEDT | a S, | Volume of sample hard water (ml) | Burette reading (ml) ve Initial ‘Final {W2, mL) « Ro mi oO | ws Res z Xo me (eee || ae IBS: 3 Concordant titer value Calculatior From Titration 1, we have the following relation: © 1 mL of EDTA requires = 20/V1 mg CaCOsforcomplexation = |.) yag From Titration 2, 20 ml of sample hard water consumes = Val of EDTA, = Vix 20/Vi mg of CaCOa eq. = 14-1 1 £1000 ml of hard water sample consumes =—==s=2"™" ppm == pom = 98. S14 «Total hardness of the water sample = “X" ppmqotior-eRemoval of hardness usingion exchange mathod junnal OF after the an ‘Arrange the on exchange column on to a burette stand and place a clean ! of the column. Pour the hard water sample (around 40 to SO mt} remaining sinpetion of Tration~2 through the funnel andintotheon exchange cur Ploce a8 fraxer under the column and collect the water passing through the column ever * paried of fominstes Adjust the valve of the column to match the duration of ouiow | gem he water collected through the column, pipette out Froeatthe €OTA titration as carled out above, Nate down the volume of EDTA con ‘Volume of sample hard water (mL) | Burette reading (mL) J Volume of ETA 20 mL intoa clean conleal flask and sumed a8 initial Final (vaymt) — Vf eu | oY 2 ™ i on o-4 Os Sf ‘Concordant titer value | Caleulation: From Titration 2, we have the following relatians 4 AmL of EDTA requires = 20/Va mg CaCOs for complexation From this relation, it can be seen that * le after softening through the column consumes = = Vs x 20/\Vi mgof CaC03e4, 20 mL of water samp VamlLof EDTA. ; «1000 mL of water sample after softening through the column consumes vanaox i000 vinas yax1000 i eee “ Residual hardness of the water sample ="Y" ppm we Results 08 SHY Total hardness of the water sample= ... (X) ppm aa: 3591 .(Y) ppm 68S. 314, (X-¥) ppm Residual hardness in the water sample Hardness removed through the column Page | 39