RESEARCH TITLE

________________________________________

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of

Senior Highschool Department

of V&G National High School

_________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for

Practical Research 1

________________________________________

NAME OF RESEARCHER 1

NAME OF RESEARCHER 2

NAME OF RESEARCHER 3

SY 2022-2023
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The background of the study is the part of your paper where you inform the reader of the context of the

study. When we say context, it means the situation or circumstances within which your research topic was

conceptualized. Ideally, this part is written when you have already conducted a literature review and has a

good perception of the topic so you can articulate the importance and validity of the research problem. It

is also in this part of the paper where you justify the need to conduct a research study about the topic

selected by establishing the research gap.

A research gap is an under or unexplored area of a topic that requires further exploration. The gap can be

in a form of other variables, conditions, population, methodology, or test subject. To identify research

gaps, an exhaustive literature review regarding the topic is required. You may have to look for similar or

related studies employing quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods from legitimate sources and examine

the gray areas. Reading through the Discussion, Conclusion, or the Recommendations sections of the

articles will help you know potential areas of study that need further attention. Identifying research gaps

sometimes would even make researchers modify their research problem as they get noteworthy ideas from

fellow researchers.

While both the Background of the Study and the Review of Related Literature involve reading past

related studies, they differ in some aspects. The former is at the introductory part of the paper with the

purpose of relaying the importance of your research study; the latter is more comprehensive and

thoroughly discusses the studies mentioned in the background of research. Moreover, the background of

the study answers the following questions:

1. What is already known about the topic?

2. What is not known about the topic?

3. Why do you need to address those gaps?

4. What is the rationale of your study?

The research questions help clarify and specify the research problem. They are also considered as sub-

problems of your research problem and are informative in nature. They specify the method of collecting

and analyzing data, and the type of data to be collected when exploring a quantitative research problem.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or participant, and timeline.

Delimitation cites factors of your study that are not included or excluded or those you will not deal in

your study.

In this section of your research paper, you may also state the reasons why you did not include the

variables. A clearly written scope and delimitation of the study will make it definitely easier to answer

questions which are related or not related to your study.

Components of Scope and Delimitation

In writing the scope and delimitation of your study, you are also asking the basic profile questions of your

research. The following are the components of the scope and delimitation of the study but not limited to:

Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be included and excluded?

Objectives or Problems to be Addressed. Why are you doing this study?

Time Frame. When are you going to conduct this study?

Locale of the Study. Where are you going to gather your data?

Characteristics of the Respondents. Who will be your respondents?

Method and Research Instruments. How are going to collect the data?

Significance of the Study

This portion includes the importance of the study by citing the work’s contribution to society in general,

then to organizations towards its contribution to individual persons, to the researcher and other
researchers.

Definition of Terms

Usually, in writing a research paper, the definition of terms is included. It helps in simplifying some of the

technical terms which are vital in the understanding of the research project. Although this part of the

paper is optional, it is advantageous for the reader to include this to prevent the ambiguous meaning of

terms that might otherwise be interpreted in different ways, causing confusion. It can also enhance

comprehension of important key terms.

Definition of Terms is also called as Operational Definition of Variables (ODV). The word operational

refers to “how the word/term was used in the study. At the same time, the variables are the elements

essential to the study.

There are two ways in defining the terms, the conceptual and operational definition. The conceptual

definition is the meaning of the term that is based on how it is defined in the dictionary or encyclopedia.

Operational definition, on the other hand, is the meaning of the term based on how it was used in the

study.

Generally, there are two cases in which important terms need to be defined; first, if the term is not

common or widely known, and second, if the term has a specific or unique meaning in the context of the

study.

Guidelines on How to Write the Definition of Terms

1. Write a brief introductory statement. It must shortly describe the content of the definition of terms.

2. List/write the words/terms (which are technical) that would be included (make sure that the variables

and key terms found in the title are included).

3. The terms should be arranged alphabetically.

4. Indention should be applied to each term.

5. The term should be followed with a period.

6. It can be underlined or not.

8. It does not have to be lengthy (direct to the point).

9. Acronym/initials should be defined clearly. Complete name should be written first, followed by the

acronym/initials in open-close parenthesis, then the definition/meaning.

10. Do not overflow with technical terms (only those relevant and significant to the study).

11. Keep the definition brief and basic. You will elaborate on it more in the body of your paper.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature

Review of related literature is a compilation of studies related to a specific area of research (Fraenkel &

Wallen, 2020). It evaluates, classifies and summarizes all the relevant previous studies conducted on a

specified topic. It is also designed to justify your research by exposing the gaps of the previous studies. It is

vital that your literature review is centralized. Thus, you should choose studies that are focused to your

topic rather than collecting a broader scope of studies which are already not relevant to your research.

Related Studies

REFERENCES