Rajiv Gandhi proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya

Diploma wing , Bhopal M.P (460211)

(2023-24)

A major project report on

“ anti-theft alarm with home automaton “

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the diploma
In Electronics & Telecommunication
Submitted by –
Krishna Dongre 21039E03010
Abhishek Vishwakarma 21039E03004

Under the Guidance of -

Er. S.S Yadav
(Sr. lecturer)

Sahodra rai government polytechnic college

Sagar, m.p (470001)

Sahodra rai government polytechnic college

 Department of

electronics & telecommunication

Session: 2023-24

Certificate

This is to certify that Abhishek Vishwakarma & Krishna Dongre of final

year ( 6th sem ) has complete their major project on” Anti-Theft alarm” in
partial fulfilment for the award of diploma in SRGPC during the academic
year 2023-24 as per the guidelines given by Electronics &
Telecommunication of the Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya , State Technological University of M.P ,Bhopal

Er. S.s yadav Er. Sanjeev Dubey

Guide Head of Department
DR. y. p. singh
Principal
 Department of

electronics & telecommunication

Session: 2023-24

Declaration

We hereby declare the the project work entitled”anti theft alarm” submit
to the srgpc sagar, is a record of an original work done by us under the
guidance of Er.S.S Yadav sr. lecturer of Department of electronics and tele
communications.

Project under taken by –

Abhishek Vishwakarma 21039E03004

Krishna Dongre 21039E03010

Contents chapter
Abstract
Introduction 1
Aim 2
Components Required 3
Components Description 4
555 timer 4.1
LDR 4.2
Relay 4.3
IR Sensors 4.4
Resistors 4.5
Circuit Diagram 5
Circuit Image 6
Future Scope 7
Conclusion
References

List of figures
 555 timer 4.1
LDR 4.2
Relay 4.3
IR Sensors 4.4
Resistors 4.5
Circuit image 5

Abstract

In today’s world, safety and security are of paramount importance for both
homes and businesses. To that end, we present an exciting and cost-
effective project: the Light Security System. This project utilizes a simple
yet effective combination of a light, an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), a
555 timer IC, a relay, an LED, and a buzzer to create an intrusion detection
solution.
The project of “Anti theft Home Security System“ has been designed in
order to tackle the increase robbery cases in houses . This system with the
help of sensors transmitter and receiver. When any person or object comes
closer to sensors the lights will automatically turns on, and when the light
falls into the LDR the security alarm and the lights connected to LDR turns
on and will off manually from the switch.

Introduction

This is a digital home security system with alarm feature which can monitor
for entrance and motion detector. The increase in the number of robbery in
houses, offices has given the indication to protect them with todays smart
and efficient technology.
The passive infrared sensors are placed near such things, as soon as there is
some movement in its vicinity, the sensors detects it and sends the signal.
The relay will tripped after receiving the signal and the lights or
components connected to the circuit will turns on. When this circuit turns
ON the LDR gets activated and the buzzer goes on. Anti theft systems are
designed to raise the difficulty of theft to an infeasible level. The kind of
system implemented often depends on the acceptable threshold for theft.

Light security system using 555 Timer operates by monitoring the presence
of a continuous light. At the heart of the circuit is a 555 timer IC,
configured in monostable mode, which responds to changes in light levels
detected by the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). The LDR’s resistance
varies according to the amount of light it receives.

Aim/Purpose

Aim of the project is to investigate a cost effective solution that will enable
home security against intrusion in the absence of home owner. The idea of
our project comes from the fact that security system is quite basic and only
offers simple alarm lock . Hence we would like to enhance our security
system with different kinds of sensors.
 Components Required

The following are the components required for this Light Security System
Project:

 555 timer IC
 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
 5V Relay
 Siren or buzzer
 Resistors: 10K, 1K, 220E, 330E
  Potentiometer 10K
 Electrolytic Capacitor: 10uF
 Diode 1N4007
 Breadboard or PCB
 Jumper wires
 Power supply (5V-12V)
 IR Sensor
 5 pin socket
 Reset Switch

5 Components Description
5.1 IC 555 Timer –.

The functional parts of the 555 timer IC include a flip-flop, voltage divider & a
comparator altogether. The main function of this IC is to generate an accurate timing
pulse for operating various devices and electronic components.

using the three pins Trigger, Threshold & Control, we can control the output of the
two comparators. The output is then fed to the R and S inputs of the flip-flop. The flip-
flop will output 1 when R is 0 and S is 1 or vice versa. The flip-flop can be reset via
the external pin called Reset which can override the two inputs, thus resetting the
entire timer at any time.

The 555 Timer IC has 8 Pins –

 Pin 1: GND Pin - Ground pin directly connected to the negative terminal of the
power source.
 Pin 2: Trigger Pin - A trigger pin is used to activate the IC’s timing cycle for
operating. It is a low signal pin and the timer is triggered when the voltage is
below one-third of the supply voltage (1/3 V). It is connected to the Inverting
input of the comparator inside the IC and accepts negative signals for the
operation.
 Pin 3: Output Pin - It is the output pin. As the IC triggered the output pin goes
high depending on the duration of the timing cycle provided to it.
 Pin 4: Reset Pin - The reset pin is used to reset. It should be connected to the
positive terminal to work the IC properly. If this pin is grounded, the IC won’t
work at all.
 Pin 5: Control Voltage - It is used for reliable operation. When not in use, it
should be connected to the ground through a capacitor; otherwise, the IC will
show erratic responses (deviating from the desired value).
 Pin 6: Threshold Pin - It detects when the voltage on the timing capacitor rises
above 0.66Vcc. The timing cycle is only completed when the voltage on this
particular pin is equal to or greater than 2/3 of Vcc.
 Pin 7: Discharge pin - It is used to provide a discharge path from the timing
capacitor to the ground when the output is low. The discharging current should
be less than 50 mA in order to prevent it from damaged.
  Pin 8: Supply Terminal - It is a positive (+ve) terminal that is connected to the
positive terminal of the power supply in order to power up. It is used to take
power supply voltage from the power source for operating.

Operating Modes of 555 Timer IC-

1. Astable Mode –

In this mode, the circuit of the IC 555 timer produces continuous pulses with exact
frequency based on the value of the resistors and capacitors. Here, the charging and
discharging of the capacitors depends on voltage.

2. Mono-stable Mode –

In the mono-stable mode, the circuit generates only a single pulse when the timer gets
an indication from the input of the trigger button. Pulse duration usually depends on
the resistor and capacitor values.
 LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor )
LDR is an acronym for Light Dependent Resistor. LDRs are tiny light-sensing devices
also known as photoresistors. An LDR is a resistor whose resistance changes as the
amount of light falling on it changes. The resistance of the LDR decreases with an
increase in light intensity, and vice-versa. This property allows us to use them for
making light sensing circuits.

For using an LDR, we always have to make a voltage divider circuit. When the value
of resistance of LDR increases in comparison to the fixed resistance, the voltage
across it also increases.

 Relay
Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical component that functions as a switch. The
relay coil is energized by DC so that contact switches can be opened or closed. A
single channel 5V relay module generally includes a coil, and two contacts like
normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC).
A 5v relay is an automatic switch that is commonly used in an automatic control
circuit and to control a high-current using a low-current signal. The input voltage of
the relay signal ranges from 0 to 5V.

Pin Configuration –
This relay includes 5-pins

 IR Sensors
An infrared sensor (IR sensor) is a radiation-sensitive optoelectronic component with a
spectral sensitivity in the infrared wavelength range 780 nm … 50 µm. IR sensors are
now widely used in motion detectors, which are used in building services to switch on
lamps or in alarm systems to detect unwelcome guests.

IR Transmitter or IR LED
Infrared Transmitter is a light emitting diode (LED) which emits infrared radiations
called as IR LED’s. Even though an IR LED looks like a normal LED, the radiation
emitted by it is invisible to the human eye.

IR Receiver or Photodiode

Infrared receivers or infrared sensors detect the radiation from an IR transmitter. IR

receivers come in the form of photodiodes and phototransistors. Infrared Photodiodes
are different from normal photo diodes as they detect only infrared radiation. Below
image shows the picture of an IR receiver or a photodiode,
Different types of IR receivers exist based on the wavelength, voltage, package, etc.
When used in an infrared transmitter – receiver combination, the wavelength of the
receiver should match with that of the transmitter.

 Resistors
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

Circuit Diagram-

This project is operated with 2 circuits i.e-

Motion Sensing Light and

LDR Operated light with Buzzer/Siren.

i. Motion Sensing Circuit Diagram.

ii. LDR Operated Light Circuit Diagram

Circuit images
Working

This circuit uses 555 in astable mode and produces a frequency of about 55.5 hertz. In
this circuit, reset pin (pin4) which is active high is connected to VCC through a LDR
(Light Dependence Resistor). LDR as stated light dependent resistor is a resistor
whose resistance depends on light. Its resistance decreases to a few ohms in presence
of light, and reaches to the order of mega ohms in dark. In this circuit as LDR is
connected to reset pin (active high), so when light falls on it, its resistance decreases to
large extent and reset pin takes high and circuit functions and produce pulse which
could be used to drive a circuit (if it is a buzzer; frequency should be in audible range
and if it is LED then frequency should be high to avoid flickering). In the absence of
light, the resistance of LDR becomes very high and reset pin is at active low state and
there is no output, thus forming light activated circuit. The resistance R4 connected
between reset pin and ground is used as pull down resistor. Pull down resistor is the
resistor which is used to pull down the voltage applied to a particular circuit not
leaving it to floating state.
 Future Scope

Identification: We can implement a person identification system like face-recognition

and fingerprint scanning features in the future.

Various Applications: This type of system can be used in antique/expensive items

protections or for various other security purposes.

Multiple Lasers and LDRs: We can use various Lasers and LDRs to make this
system more effective.

Renewable Power Supply: We can also provide renewable energy sources like solar
power to power this system.

For the future, we can use laser which will evolve in many directions. It will become
smaller and less powerful, in some cases down to single photon emission, if we think
quantum. On the other hand, lasers will get ever more powerful, up to a region where
it pulls particles out of the vacuum.

Conclusion
The proposed system helps in avoiding robbery, thefts and crime. It also introduces a
smart approach to detect the intruder. Avoiding thieves results in the safety of our
financial assets and thereby this system provides us protection against all. This system
is low cost and robust. This security system can be used in different commercial
buildings mainly banks. This highly reactive approach has low computational
requirement; therefore, it is well suited to surveillance, industrial application and smart
environment. This system hopefully will be the helping hand for society