436 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

9
Chemistry in Everyday Life

[A] Chemistry in Drugs

1. Phenol is:
(a) antimicrobial (b) antiseptic (c) disinfectant (d) all of these
2. Select the correct statements:
(a) 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol-water mixture is known as tincture of iodine.
(b) Iodoform solution is antiseptic for wounds.
(c) Boric acid solution is antiseptic for eyes.
(d) All of these
3. Which of the following are chemicals ?
(a) Explosives (b) Rocket propellents
(c) Soaps (d) All of these
4. When drugs bind to the enzyme other than active site then, it is called :
(a) activator site (b) regular site (c) allosteric site (d) all of these
5. Compound which shows antidepressant action on central nervous system belongs to the class
of :
(a) analgesics (b) antihistamines (c) tranquilizers (d) narcotic drugs
6. Biological response produce by the drugs when :
(a) it interacts with micromolecular targets
(b) it interacts with macromolecular targets
(c) no interaction is possible with any type of molecules
(d) it interacts with micromolecules as well as macromolecules
7. Aspirin, penicillin, paracetamol are the examples of :
(a) cleansing agents (b) medicines (c) food items (d) fuels
8. In competitive inhibition of enzyme :
(a) drug and substrate compete for active site (b) drug and enzyme compete for active site
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
Chemistry in Everyday Life 437

9. What is tincture of iodine ?

(a) 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol-water mixture.
(b) A mixture of iodine in chloroxylenol.
(c) A mixture of 0.2% phenol and 2-3% iodine in water.
(d) 2-3 solution of iodine in potassium iodide.
10. Consider the following statements,
I. Drugs are chemicals of low molecular mass (~ 100 - 500 u)
II. Chemicals use for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.
III. Analgesics kill or arrest the growth of micro-organisms.
The incorrect statement is :
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Only III (d) I and II
11. Following figure represent the structural features of :
O

H2N S NHR

O
(a) histamine (b) cimetidine (c) equanil (d) sulphonamides
12. Polar molecules across the cell membrane are carried by :
(a) inhibitory protein (b) carrier protein
(c) carrier carbohydrate (d) tubular protein
13. Which of the following is not an antidepressants ?
(a) Iproniazid (b) Phenelzine (c) Equanil (d) Salvarsan
14. Drug interact with enzyme and then enzyme is block permanently. Then, which of the
following is correct option ?
(a) The body degrades the enzyme drug complex.
(b) Body synthesised the new enzyme.
(c) Body can’t synthesised the new enzyme.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
15. Medicines are :
(a) drugs which produce harmful effect
(b) drugs which produce therapeutic and useful effect
(c) drugs which have no use
(d) all of these
16. Antihistamines, which act as antacid is :
(a) cimetidine (b) terfenaldine (c) equanil (d) nardil
17. Which of the following is not true about drug receptors ?
(a) Receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membrane.
(b) The chemical known as chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptors.
(c) The receptors show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
(d) Receptor protein is decomposed and destroyed after removal of chemical messenger.
438 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

18. Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibits its natural functions are called .... ( A) ....
whereas the drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor are called ....
( B ) .... Here, ( A) and ( B ) are :
(a) agonist and antagonists (b) antagonist and agonist
(c) agonist and mimic drugs (d) antagonist and mimic drugs
19. Drugs can be classified on the basis of :
(a) pharmacological effect (b) molecular target
(c) chemical structure (d) All of these
20. Drugs bind to the allosteric site then :
I. it does not change the shape of active site.
II. it changes the shape of active site.
Select the correct option :
(a) I and II are incorrect. (b) I is correct and II is incorrect.
(c) I is incorrect and II is correct. (d) I and II are correct.
21. The main constituents of Dettol are :
(a) chloramphenicol + glycerol (b) 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol
(c) 0.2% solution of phenol (d) chloroxylenol and terpineol
22. Drugs can :
(a) block the binding site of the enzyme (b) prevent the binding of the substrate
(c) inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme (d) all of the above
23. Drugs commonly interact with :
(a) carbohydrates (b) proteins (c) DNA (d) all of these
24. Cause of peptic ulcer is :
(a) hyperacidity (b) hyperbasicity (c) neutrality (d) hypoacidity
25. An anti-cancer species is :
CH2

Cl Cl Cl CH2 H3N Cl H3N Cl

(a) Pt (b) Pt (c) Pt (d) Pt
Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl NH3 H3N Cl

26. Tranquilizers and analgesics are :

(a) microbial drugs (b) antifungal drugs
(c) neurologically active drugs (d) antifertility drugs
27. Which analgesics are called opiates ?
(a) Morphine (b) Heroin (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Aspirin
28. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(a) Aspirin is both analgesic and antipyretic.
(b) Ampicillin is a natural antibiotic.
(c) Salvarsan is toxic to human beings.
(d) Some disinfectants are used as antiseptics in lower concentrations.
Chemistry in Everyday Life 439

29. Which of the following will not act as a tranquilizer ?

(a) Equanil (b) Analgin (c) Meprobamate (d) Chlordiazepoxide
30. Birth control pills essentially contain :
(a) synthetic estrogen derivatives (b) synthetic progesterone derivatives
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
31. Barbiturates acts as :
(a) hypnotic i . e., sleep producing agents (b) non-narcotic analgesics
(c) activator of neurotransmitters (d) antiallergic drugs
32. Valium and serotonin are example of :
(a) analgesics (b) tranquilizers (c) antibiotic (d) antipyretic
O H H
S CH3
33. C6H5—CH2—C—NH is the structure of :
CH3
N COOH
O
H
(a) penicillin K (b) penicillin V (c) penicillin G (d) chloramphenicol
34. Paracetamol reduces :
(a) blood pressure (b) fever (c) hyper tension (d) allergy
35. Which of the following statement is correct ?
I. Analgesics have pain killing effect.
II. Antiseptics kill or arrest the growth of micro-organisms.
III. Antihistamines inhibits the action of the compound histamine.
Select the correct option :
(a) I and III (b) II and III (c) I, II and III (d) I and II
36. A drug which acts as antipyretic as well as analgesic is :
(a) Chloroquin (b) Penicillin (c) Chlordiazepoxide (d) 4-acetamidophenol
37. If strong covalent bond formed between enzyme and drug (inhibitor) then :
I. it can’t break easily. II. it can break easily.
III. enzyme block permanently.
Select the correct option :
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
38. The drugs which are given to the patients suffering from anxiety and mental tension are
known as :
(a) tranquilizers (b) analgesics (c) antimicrobials (d) antibiotics
39. Histamines are responsible for :
(a) allergic reaction (b) enzymatic reaction
(c) metabolic reaction (d) catabolic reaction
40. Which of the following antibiotics is bactericidal ?
(a) Erythromycin (b) Tetracycline (c) Penicillin (d) Chloramphenicol
440 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

41. Which of the following acid is formed in the stomach ?

(a) H 2 SO 4 (b) HCl (c) HNO 3 (d) H 2 SO 3
42. Which of the following is not a correct statement ?
(a) Transparent soaps are made by dissolving the soap in ethanol and then evaporating excess
solvent.
(b) Soaps that float in water are made by beating tiny air bubbles before their hardening.
(c) Medicated soaps contain alcohol to prevent rapid drying.
(d) Potassium soaps are soft to the skin than sodium soaps.
43. For the treatment of acidity, metal hydroxides are better alternatives over hydrogen
bicarbonate because of :
(a) these increased the acidity of stomach
(b) these lowered the pH of stomach
(c) these do not increase the pH above neutrality
(d) these increase the pH of stomach
44. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
(a) BHT ® Antioxidant (b) Aspartame ® Artificial sweetener
(c) Ranitidine ® Analgesics (d) Table salt ® Preservative
45. Which of the following drug inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins ?
(a) Paracetamol (b) Aspirin (c) Codeine (d) Valium
46. 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol is called :
(a) iodoform (b) tincture of iodine
(c) alcoholic iodine (d) tincture of iodoform
47. Chemical composition of antacids are given as :
I. NaHCO 3 II. Al(OH) 3 III. Mg(OH) 2
Which of the above are correct ?
(a) Only I and II (b) Only II and III (c) I, II and III (d) Only I and II
48. Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(a) Some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic at low concentration.
(b) Aspirin is analgesic and antipyretic.
(c) Norethindrone is an antihistamine.
(d) Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
49. Which of the following is a narcotic analgesic ?
(a) Ibuprofen (b) Aspirin (c) Paracetanmol (d) Morphine
50. Which of the following can be used as an analgesic without causing addiction ?
(a) Morphine (b) Aspirin (c) Heroin (d) Codeine
51. Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(a) Antiseptics can be safely applied on the living tissues.
(b) Antiseptics can be incorporated into deoderants, face powders and soaps.
(c) Disinfectants can also be applied to the skin safely.
(d) A very dilute solution of a few disinfectants can be used as antiseptics.
Chemistry in Everyday Life 441

52. Which of the following compounds are administered as antacid ?

(a) H 2 SO 4 (b) Aluminium carbonate
(c) Na 2 CO 3 (d) NaHCO 3
53. What is chloramine-T ?
(a) Antiseptic (b) Antipyretic (c) Antacid (d) Tranquilizer
54. How do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression ?
(a) They catalysed the degradation of noradrenaline.
(b) They inhibit the enzyme which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline.
(c) The bind with noradrenaline and form stable complex.
(d) All of the above
55. Antacid and antiallergic drug are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other because
of:
(a) both have same mechanism of mode of action
(b) both have different mechanism of mode of action
(c) both have used as an essential component of body
(d) both create high acidic condition stomach
56. One of the most widely used drug in medicine, iodex is :
(a) ethyl salicylate (b) acetyl salicylic acid
(c) methyl salicylic acid (d) methyl salicylate
57. What are antagonistic drugs ?
(a) Mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor.
(b) It mimics the receptor by switching on the natural messenger.
(c) It binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.
(d) All of these
58. Antacids are used for the treatment of :
(a) basicity (b) acidity (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
59. Drug which is used in controlling depression as well as hypertension :
(a) penicillin (b) tetracycline (c) salvarsan (d) equanil
60. Analgesics reduce pain without causing impairment of :
(a) mental confusion (b) paralysis (c) consciousness (d) all of these
61. Aspirin belongs to the class of :
(a) non-narcotic analgesics (b) narcotic analgesics
(c) tranquilizers (d) all of these
62. Antidepressant drugs follow which mechanism ? Select the correct option :
(a) They directly interact with noradrenaline.
(b) These catalyses the degradation of noradrenaline.
(c) These drugs inhibit the enzyme which degrade the noradrenaline.
(d) These drugs inhibit the enzyme which induce the production of noradrenaline.
63. A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against :
(a) gram negative bacteria only
442 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

(b) gram negative or gram positive bacteria

(c) both gram negative and gram positive bacteria
(d) single organism or one disease
64. Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins ?
I. Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
II. The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
III. Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
IV. Shape of receptor does not change during attachment of messenger.
Select the correct option :
(a) I and II (b) III and IV (c) I and III (d) II and IV
65. Histamine is a potent
(a) vasoconstrictor (b) vasodilator (c) vasoregulator (d) vasoinhibitor
66. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
(a) Dysentery — Amoebic (b) Typhoid — Bacterial
(c) AIDS — Viral (d) Malaria — Fungal
67. If high amount of prostaglandin present in bloods :
(a) it reduces the pain (b) it induces the pain
(c) no effect (d) all of the above can be possible
68. Amongst the following which are narcotic analgesics.
(a) Morphine, heroin, codeine (b) Morphine, serotonin, aspirin
(c) Valium, aspirin, codeine (d) Codeine, heroin and salvarsan
69. The structure shown below is of :
Cl OH HO Cl
S
Cl Cl
(a) antibiotic (b) analgesic (c) antacid (d) antiseptic
70. Which of the following set of reagents is used for preparing paracetamol from phenol ?
(a) H 2 SO 4 , H 2 /Pd, (CH 3 CO) 2 O (b) Br 2 /H 2 O , Zn/HCl, (CH 3 CO) 2
(c) HNO 3 , H 2 /Pd, (CH 3 CO) 2 O (d) H 2 SO 4 , SnCl 2 /HCl, (CH 3 CO) 2 O
71. Neurologically active drugs affect the message transfer mechanism from :
(a) muscles to receptors (b) muscles to muscles
(c) nerves to receptors (d) receptors to muscles
72. Transquilizers are generally used in :
(a) depression (b) severe mental diseases
(c) stress condition (d) all of these
73. Cimetidine (tegament) is to prevent :
(a) production of H 2 SO 4
(b) the interaction between histamine and receptor of stomach wall
(c) interaction between histamine and hydrochloric acid
(d) basicity
Chemistry in Everyday Life 443

74. Morphine and many of its homologoues, when administered in medicinal dose. Then these
produce :
(a) poisonous effect (b) relieve pain and induce sleep
(c) no effect (d) some times (a) and sometimes (b)
75. Which of the following are examples of tranquilizers ?
(a) Iproniazid (b) Valium (c) Equanil (d) All of these
76. Which class of the drugs is used as pain killer ?
(a) Analgesics (b) Tranquilizers (c) Antacids (d) Antiseptics
77. Antihistamines are not helpful.
(a) In curing nasal allergies (b) In treating rashes caused by itching
(c) In bringing down acute fever (d) In vasodilation
78. Which of the following is not an antibiotic ?
(a) Chloramphenicol (b) Ofloxacin (c) Penicillin (d) Prontosil
79. The main cause of acidity in the stomach is :
(a) Release of extra gastric acids which decrease the pH level.
(b) Indigestion and pain in large intestine.
(c) Increase the pH level in the stomach.
(d) Release of extra bile juice which increases alkaline medium in stomach.
80. .... ( A) .... is responsible for nasal congestion associated with common cold. A refers to :
(a) antihistamine (b) histamine (c) antacids (d) vitamins
81. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills ?
(a) Analgesic (b) Tranquilizers (c) Antibiotics (d) Antihistamine
82. Over production of HCl in the stomach causes :
(a) acidity (b) basicity
(c) sometime (a) and sometimes (b) (d) none of these
83. The use of chemicals for treatment of diseases is called :
(a) Chemotherapy (b) Physiotherapy (c) Angiotherapy (d) Polytherapy
84. Terfenadine is commonly used as :
(a) antihistamine (b) antibiotic (c) antimicrobial (d) antifertility drug
85. If the level of noradrenaline in blood is very low then person suffers from :
(a) tuberclosis (b) allergy
(c) mental disorder (depression) (d) all of these
86. Some drugs do not bond to the enzyme’s active site instead bind to a different site of enzyme.
This site is called :
(a) Allosteric site (b) Substrate site (c) Ionic site (d) Competitive site
87. Some name of drugs are given below :
I. Iproniazid II. Valium III. Heroin IV. Phenilzine V. Codeine
Which of the above belongs to anti-depressant drugs ?
(a) Only III and IV (b) Only I and IV (c) Only I, II and III (d) Only I and V
88. Which of the following is not true about antifertility drugs ?
(a) Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.
444 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

(b) Both compounds i.e., estrogen and progesterone are vitamins.

(c) Progestrone is supposed to suppress ovulation.
(d) Norethindrone is an example of synthetic progesterone derivative.
89. The chemical substances used to bring down body temperature in high fever are known as :
(a) analgesics (b) antipyretics (c) antihistamines (d) tranquilizers
90. Which of the following statements is not correct about penicillin ?
(a) Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum.
(b) It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.
(c) Ampicillin and amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins.
(d) It has bacteriostatic effect.
91. A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in mood changes :
(a) acetly coline (b) dopamine (c) noradrenaline (d) none of these
92. Which of the following will not act as antacid ?
(a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (b) Magnesium hydroxide
(c) Sodium carbonate (d) Aluminium carbonate
93. Antimicrobial drugs include :
(i) antiseptics (ii) antibiotics (iii) disinfectants
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
94. Consider the following statements :
I. Antihistamines suppress the action of histamine.
II. Antacids control only the symptoms and not the cause.
III. Antacids control both symptoms and cause.
IV. Antihistamine prevent the binding of histamine with the receptor.
The correct statement is :
(a) I, II, IV (b) II, III, IV (c) I and II (d) I, II, III and IV
95. What type of forces bind the substrate to the active site of enzyme ?
(i) Hydrogen bonding (ii) van der Waals’ forces
(iii) Reaction with functional group of enzymes
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
96. Antihistamines interfere the natural action of histamine by :
(a) competing with histamine for binding site
(b) non-competing with histamine for binding site
(c) competing with histamine for other than binding site
(d) all are possible
97. Which of the following is scientific explanation of depression ?
(a) An increased level of sugar m the blood leads to depression.
(b) Low levels of noradrenaline, a neurotransmitter in the blood leads to depression.
(c) Release of extra gastric juices in the stomach leads to depression.
(d) Sleep inducing drugs lead to depression.
Chemistry in Everyday Life 445

98. Which of the following is not a bactericidal antibiotics ?

(a) Penicillin (b) Ofloxacin (c) Aminoglycosides (d) Tetracycline
99. The term ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’ means :
(a) Bactericidal antibiotics
(b) Bacteriostatic antibiotics
(c) Which kill or inhibit a wide range of gram - ve and gram + ve bacteria
(d) Which kill or inhibit all types of gram + ve bacteria
100. Which of the following are antihistamines ?
(a) Cimetidine (b) Terfenadine (seldane)
(c) Brompheniramine (d) All of these
101. Which of the following defines the term opiates ?
(a) Narcotic analgesics obtained from the opium poppy.
(b) Non-narcotic analgesics which reduce fever.
(c) Narcotic drugs that inhibit pathogenic microbes.
(d) Tranquilizers used to induce sleep.
102. Analgesics are classified as .... ( A) .... and .... ( B ) .... . In the sentence A and B are :
(a) non-additive and non-narcotic (b) additive and narcotic
(c) non-narcotic and narcotic (d) non-narcotic and antihistamine
103. Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called :
(a) agonistic drugs (b) antagonistic drugs
(c) antimicrobial drugs (d) allostenc drugs
104. A drug which is effective in curing malaria is :
(a) aspirin (b) quinine (c) morphine (d) analgin
105. Which of the following compounds represents an analgesic ?
OCOCH3 OH CH3 OH
COOH COOH
(a) (b) (c) (d)

CONH2 COOH
106. High doses of morphine produce :
(a) coma (b) convulsions (c) stupor (d) all of these
107. Morphine and narcotics are sometimes referred to as opiates, because
(a) they are obtained from the papaya (b) they are obtained from the opium poppy
(c) they are obtained from the detergents (d) they are obtained from the few trees
108. Drug, iproniazid and phenelzine are belong to :
(a) depressant drugs (b) antidepressant drugs
(c) antibiotics (d) antiseptic
109. Treatment with antacids like Al and Mg hydroxide includes attack on :
I. only symptoms of acidity II. only cause of acidity
III. both symptoms and cause of acidity IV. specialised cellular receptors
 446 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

(a) I, II, III and IV are correct (b) I and II are correct
(c) II and III are correct (d) I and IV are correct
110. Antibiotics have :
(a) cidal (killing) effect (b) static (inhibitory) effect
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
111. Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first used for curing :
(a) typhoid (b) dysentry (c) syphilis (d) meningitis
112. Which of the following characteristic of aspirin is responsible for prevention of heart attack ?
(a) Antipyretic (b) Pain killer
(c) Anti blood clotting action (d) Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin
113. Which of the following statements are correct about penicillin ?
I. An antibacterial fungus. II. Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
III. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic. IV. It has bacteriostatic effect.
(a) I, II and III (b) I, II and IV (c) II, III and IV (d) I, II and IV
114. Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates ?
I. These are class of tranquilizers. II. Barbiturates are hypnotic.
III. These are used as sleeping pills.
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) Only III (d) I, II and III
115. Which of the following is not true about aspirin ?
I. Reducing fever II. Prevent heart attack
III. It induces coagulation of blood IV. Pain killer
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I, II and IV (d) I, II and III
116. ‘ A’ was isolated in 1947. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It can be given orally in case of
typhoid, dysentery, acute fever, etc. Its structure is :
NHCOCHCl2
O2N CH—CH—CH2OH

OH
Identify ‘ A’.
(a) penicillin (b) ofloxacin (c) chloramphenicol (d) dysidazirine
117. Narcotic analgesics are commonly used for
I. pains of terminal cancer II. in child birth
III. control blood pressure IV. cardiac pain
The correct option is :
(a) I, II and III are correct (b) I and III are correct
(c) I, II and IV are correct (d) All are correct
118. Which of the following are derivatives of barbituric acid ?
(a) Veronal and amytal (b) Nembutal and luminal
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
119. Which of the following drug suggested by Doctor to relieve pain due to arthritis ?
(a) Valium (b) Antibiotic (c) Aspirin (d) Ranitidine
Chemistry in Everyday Life 447

[B] Chemistry in Food

120. I. Sucralose does not provide calories.
II. Aspartame is the most successful artificial sweetener.
III. Use of aspartame is limited to cold foods and soft drinks.
Which of the above statement is correct ? Select the correct option :
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I, II and III (d) I and III
121. Chemicals are added to food for :
(a) their preservation (b) enhancing their appeal
(c) adding nutritive value in them (d) all of these
122. The use of aspartame is limited to cold foods and drinks because :
(a) It is unstable to heat and decomposes at cooking temperature.
(b) It is 500 times sweeter than cane sugar.
(c) It becomes bitter at cooking temperature.
(d) It reacts with the food at cooking temperature.
123. Many people prefer artificial sweeteners over natural sweeteners because :
(a) Calorie intake is less in former than the latter.
(b) Calorie intake is more in former than the latter.
(c) No role of calorie intake.
(d) This statement has no practical significance.
124. Which of the following is not used as a food preservative ?
(a) Sodium salt of benzoic acid (b) Sodium salt of sorbic acid
(c) Sodium salt of propanoic acid (d) Sodium salt of palmitic acid
125. Select the incorrect statement :
(a) Materials like soaps, detergents, toothpastes etc. are useful in cleanliness.
(b) Synthetic fibres used in making clothes involves the use of chemicals.
(c) Various medicines are obtained from different chemical compounds.
(d) The only area which is unaffected by chemistry is food materials.
126. The additives having nutritive value only are called ...A... . A refers to :
(a) preservatives (b) antioxidants
(c) flour improves (d) nutritional supplements
127. Consider the following statement :
I. Saccharin is ortho-sulphobenzimide.
II. Saccharin is excreted from the body in urine unchanged.
III. Diabetic persons prefer to use saccharin.
Which of these statements are correct ? Select the correct option :
(a) II and III (b) I and II (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
128. Aspartame, the artificial sweetener is made by a dipeptide of the amino acid.
(a) Aspartic acid and phenylalanine (b) Aspartic acid and glycine
(c) Alanine and glycine (d) Aspartic acid and glutamic acid
 448 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

129. What is the problem faced while using alitame as artificial sweetener ?
(a) It decomposes when added to the food items.
(b) It provides a huge number of calories to the food.
(c) It is difficult to control the sweetness of food while using it.
(d) It increases the volume of the contents to a large extent.
130. Which of the following is not a food additive ?
(a) Preservatives (b) Sweetening agents (c) Flavours (d) Oxidants
131. Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.
(a) Saccharine (b) Sucrolose (c) Sucrobenzamide (d) Aspartame
132. Refrigeration helps in food preservation by :
(a) killing the germs
(b) reducing the rates of biochemical reactions
(c) destroying enzyme action
(d) decreasing the size of bacteria
CO
133. NH is the structure of :
SO2
(a) aspartame (b) saccharin (c) sucralose (d) alitame
134. “Salts of sorbic acid and propanoic acid are used as preservatives”. This statement is :
(a) correct (b) incorrect
(c) sometime correct (d) sometime incorrect

[C] Soaps and Detergents

135. Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of ...A... detergents ? Here, A refers to :
(a) cationic detergents (b) anionic detergents
(c) non-ionic detergents (d) soaps
136. The main difference between bathing and washing soap is :
(a) Bathing soaps are potassium salts of fatty acids while washing soaps are sodium salts of
fatty acid.
(b) Bathing soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids while washing soaps are potassium salts of
fatty acids.
(c) Bathing soaps are cationic in nature while washing soaps are anionic.
(d) Bathing soaps are calcium salts of fatty acids while washing soaps are magnesium salts of
fatty acids.
137. Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent ?
(a) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 — CH 2 OSO 3- Na +

(b) C9H19 O ( CH2—CH2—O )5 CH2CH2OH

Chemistry in Everyday Life 449
+
é CH 3 ù
ê | ú
(c) CH3 SO3– Na+ (d) êCH 3 (CH 2 ) 15 — N — CH 3 ú Br -
ê | ú
ê ú
êë CH 3 úû

138. Chemical added to washing powders for bleaching action is :

(a) sodium carbonate (b) sodium perchlorate
(c) sodium sulphate (d) None of these
139. Which is not true for a detergent molecule ?
(a) It has a non-polar organic part and a polar group.
(b) It is not easily biodegraded.
(c) It is a sodium salt of fatty acid.
(d) It is a surface active reagent.
140. Transparent soaps are made by dissolving the soap in :
(a) methanol (b) ethanol (c) propanol (d) butanol
141. Detergent formed on treating stearic acid with polyethylene glycol is :
(a) cationic detergents (b) non-ionic detergents
(c) anionic detergents (d) all of these
142. Which of the following is not a true statement about the detergents ?
(a) Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons.
(b) Cationic detergents are quartemary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or
bromides as an ions.
(c) Non-ionic detergents do not contain any ion in their constitution.
(d) Detergents containing branched hydrocarbon chains are biodegradable.
143. What are the hydrolysis products of glyceryloleate (C 17 H 32 COO) 3 C 3 H 5 during preparation
of soap ?
(a) C 17 H 32 COONa + C 3 H 5 OH
(b) C 17 H 32 COOH + CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH
(c) C 17 H 32 COOH + CH 2 OH — CHOH — CH 2 OH
(d) C 17 H 32 COONa + CH 2 OH — CHOH — CH 2 OH
144. Soap/detergent, which is least reduce space biodegradable is :
CH3

(a) CH3CH(CH2CH2)2—CH2CHCH3 (b) C 17 H 35 — COONa

SO3Na

(c) CH 3 — (CH 2 ) 11 — OSO 2 Na (d) CH3—(CH2)9—CH2— —SO3Na

 450 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

145. Which of the following are anionic detergents ?

I. Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
II. Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
III. Quarternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.
IV. Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
The correct option is :
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and IV (d) II and IV
+
é CH 3 ù
ê | ú
146. êCH 3 (CH 2 ) 15 — N — CH 3 ú Br - is the structure of :
ê | ú
ê ú
êë CH 3 úû
(a) stearic acid (b) cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
(c) cetyltrimethyl ammonium (d) polyethylene glycol
O
CH2—O—C—C17H35
O CH2—OH
147. CH — O — C — C H + 3NaOH ¾® 3C H COONa + CH—OH
17 35 17 35
O B CH2—OH
CH2—O—C—C17H35 C
A
In the above reaction A , B and C respectively are :
(a) fat, sodium stearate, glycerol (b) fat, glycerol, sodium stearate
(c) glycerol, fat, sodium stearate (d) glycerol, sodium stearate, fat
148. The reaction mentioned in above Q. 147 is called :
(a) saponification (b) esterification (c) fat formation (d) none of these
149. Detergent molecules associated with ...( A)... hydrocarbon tail is a source of pollution. ( A)
refers to :
(a) non-ionic (b) ionic (c) unbranched (d) branched
150. Soaps are :
(a) sodium salts of long chain fatty acids (b) potassium salts of long chain fatty acids
(c) potassium salts of short chain fatty acids (d) both (a) and (b)
151. Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is :
(a) sodium laurylsulphate (b) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
(c) rosin (d) bithional
A B – +
152. CH3(CH2)11 ¾® CH3(CH2)11 SO3H ¾® CH3(CH2)11 SO3Na
dodecylbenzene dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate
A and B respectively are :
(a) H 2 SO 4 ; NaOH( aq) (b) NaOH( aq); H 2 SO 4 (c) H 2 S 2 O 7 ; H 2 SO 4 (d) H 2 S 2 O 7 ; NaOH( aq)
Chemistry in Everyday Life 451

153. Consider the statements mentioned below :

I. Shaving soaps contain glycerol.
II. A gum, rosin is added while making shaving soaps.
III. It forms sodium rosinate.
IV. Sodium rosinate lathers well.
Which of these statement is correct ?
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV (c) I and IV (d) All of these
154. Which of the following is not true about a detergent molecule ?
(a) It is sodium salt of fatty acid.
(b) It is not easily biodegradable.
(c) It is surface active agent.
(d) It has a non-polar organic part and a polar group.
155. Which of the following statements is correct ?
I. Cationic detergents do not have germicidal properties.
II. Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains.
III. Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice cold water.
IV. Synthetic detergents are not soaps.
The correct option is :
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Only III (d) Only IV
156. 2 C 17 H 35 COONa + CaCl 2 ¾® 2 NaCl + ......
(a) (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Ca insoluble calcium stearate.
(b) (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Ca soluble calcium stearate.
(c) (C 16 H 34 COO) 2 Ca soluble calcium stearate.
(d) (C 16 H 34 COO) 2 Ca insoluble calcium stearate.
157. Identify me hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the following non-ionic detergent present in
liquid detergents and wetting agents.
C9H19 O(CH2CH2O)10CH2CH2OH

Hydrophobic part Hydrophilic part

(a) — CH 2 CH 2 OH C9H19 O(CH2CH2O)10 —

(b) C9H19 — O(CH 2 CH 2 O) 10 CH 2 CH 2 OH

(c) C9H19 O— (CH 2 CH 2 O) 10 CH 2 CH 2 OH

(d) —(CH 2 CH 2 O) 10 CH 2 CH 2 OH C9H19 O—

158. What does cleansing agents do ?
(a) These improve cleansing properties of water.
(b) These help in removal of fats which bind other materials to the fabric or skin.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
 452 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

159. Which of the following is a cationic detergent ?

(a) Sodium stearate (b) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate
(c) Cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (d) All of these
160. Examples of three detergents are given below and select the correct statement following the
examples.
CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3– Na+CH3(CH2)11 SO3– Na+
I
II
CH3 CH3

CH3 —
( CH — CH2)3 — CH SO3– Na+
III
(a) I and II are non-biodegradable detergents and III is biodegradable.
(b) I and II are biodegradable detergents and III is non-biodegradable.
(c) I, II and III are non-biodegradable detergents.
(d) I is biodegradable and II, III are non-biodegradable.
161. What is/are true about non-ionic detergents ?
(a) These are polar head is neutral.
(b) C9H19— —(OCH2CH2)OH is ethoxylate nonylphenol and a non-ionic detergent.
(c) These are used in liquid dishwashes.
(d) All of these
162. Soaps do not work in hard water containing calcium and magnesium ions because :
(a) Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions form insoluble calcium and magnesium salts in the form of scum.
(b) Na + and K + present in soap react with Ca 2+ and Mg + and hinder cleansing process.
(c) A large amount of soap is to be used in presence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ .
(d) Scum formed by combination of Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ stick to the cloth and are not
removed on agitation.
163. I. Household bleaches are used for cleanliness purpose.
II. Ranitidine is used in curing diseases.
III. Chemicals impart colour to the clothes.
The correct statement is :
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
164. Match the drugs in column I with the examples given in column II and select the correct
option:

Column-I Column-II

(A) Antibiotic (i) Codeine

(B) Antiseptic (ii) Phenelizine

(C) Analgesic (iii) Chloramphenicol

(D) Tranquilizer (iv) Chloroxylenol

Chemistry in Everyday Life 453

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iv ) (b) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (i)
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iii) (d) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)
165. Match the classes of drugs given in column I with their action given in column II and select the
correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Analgesics (i) Inhibit the growth of micro-organisms can

be given orally.

(B) Antiseptics (ii) Treatment of stress

(C) Antihistamines (iii) Applied to inanimate objects

(D) Antacids (iv) Prevents the interaction of histamine with

its receptor

(E) Tranquilizers (v) Pain killing effect

(F) Antibiotics (vi) Applied to diseased skin surfaces

(G) Disinfectants (vii) Treatment of acidity

(a) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv ),(E ) ® ( v ),(F) ® ( vi),(G) ® ( vii)

(b) ( A ) ® ( v ),(B) ® ( vi),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® ( vii),(E ) ® (ii),(F) ® (i),(G) ® (iii)
(c) ( A ) ® ( v ),(B) ® ( vi),(C) ® ( vii),(D) ® (iv ),(E ) ® (ii),(F) ® (i),(G) ® (iii)
(d) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv ),(E ) ® ( v ),(F) ® ( vi),(G) ® ( vii)
166. Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II and
select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Antagonists (i) Communicate message between two neurons and

that between neurons to muscles.

(B) Agonists (ii) Bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural
function.

(C) Chemical messenger (iii) Crucial to body’s communication process.

(D) Inhibitors (iv) Mimic the natural messenger.

(E) Receptors (v) Inhibit activities of enzymes.

(a) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® ( v ),(D) ® (ii),(E ) ® (i)

(b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® ( v ),(E ) ® (iv )
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® ( v ),(E ) ® (iii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® ( v ),(D) ® (ii),(E ) ® (i)
 454 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

167. Match the following and select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Competitive inhibition (i) When drug binds to other than active site.

(B) Non-competitive inhibition (ii) When drug binds to the active site.

(C) Allosteric inhibition (iii) When drug and substrate bind with enzyme at
the same time.

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii) (b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i)

(c) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (i) (d) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iii)
168. Match the medicines given in column I with their use given in column II and select the correct
option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Ranitidine (i) Tranquilizer

(B) Furacine (ii) Antibiotic

(C) Phenelzine (iii) Antihistamine

(D) Chloramphenicol (iv) Antiseptic

(a) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii) (b) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii)
(c) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv ) (d) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)
169. Match the following and select the correct option :

Column-II (Sweeteners value as compare to

Column-I (Artificial sweetener)
cane sugar)

(A) Aspartame (i) 100

(B) Alitame (ii) 550

(C) Sucralose (iii) 600

(D) Saccharin (iv) 2000

(a) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii) (b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iv )
(c) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i) (d) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (ii)
Chemistry in Everyday Life 455

170. Match the column I with column II and select the correct option :
Column-I Column-II

(A) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 CH 2 OSO -3 Na + (i) Cationic detergent

(B) [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 15 N(CH 3 ) 2 — CH 3 ]+ Br - (ii) Non-ionic detergent

(C) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 OH (iii) Soap

(D) C 15 H 35 COONa (iv) Anionic detergent

(a) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)

(b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iii)
(c) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (ii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii)
171. Match the following and select the correct option :
Column-I Column-II

(A) TNT (i) Cleansing agent

(B) Sucralose (ii) Antacid

(C) Milk of magnesia (iii) Artificial sweetener

(D) Sodium lauryl sulphate (iv) Explosive

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )

(b) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)
(c) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iv )
(d) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (iii)
172. Match the following and select the correct option :
Column-I (Artificial sweetener) Column-II (Feature)

(A) Aspartame (i) Appearance and taste like sugar

(B) Alitame (ii) Difficult to control its sweeteners while

using it

(C) Saccharin (iii) Unstable at cooking temperature

(D) Sucralose (iv) Entirely inert and harmless when taken

(a) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iv )

(b) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii)
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)
(d) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (ii)
 456 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

173. Match structures given in column I with the type of detergents given in column II and select the
correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 OH (i) Cationic detergent

(B) C 17 H 35 COO - Na + (ii) Anionic detergent

(C) CH 3 — (CH 2 ) 10 CH 2 SO -3 Na + (iii) Non-ionic detergent

+
é CH 3 ù
ê | ú
(D) êCH (CH ) — C — CH ú Br - (iv) Soap
ê 3 2 15
|
3
ú
ê ú
êë CH 3 úû

(a) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (iii)

(b) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )
(c) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)
174. Match the detergents given in column I with their uses given in column II and select the correct
option :

Column-I Column-II
+
é CH 3 ù
ê | ú
(A) êCH (CH ) — N — CH ú Br - (i) Dishwashing powder
ê 3 2 15
|
3
ú
ê ú
êë CH 3 úû

(B) CH3—(CH2)11 SO3– Na+ (ii) Laundry soap

- +
(C) C 17 H 35 COONa + Na 2 CO 3 + Rosin (iii) Hair conditioners

(D) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 OH (iv) Toothpaste

(a) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)

(b) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (iii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)
Chemistry in Everyday Life 457

175. Match the column I with column II and mark the appropriate choice.

Column-I Column-II

(A) Bacteriostatic (i) Crucial to body’s communication process

(B) Bactericidal (ii) Inhibit growth of microbes

(C) Narrow spectrum antibiotics (iii) Kill microbes

(D) Receptors (iv) Effective against single disease

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (iii)

(b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)
(c) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii)
176. Match the soaps given in column I with items given in column II and select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Soaps chips (i) dried miniature soap bubbles

(B) Soap granules (ii) small broken pieces of soap formed from melted
soaps

(C) Soap powder (iii) soap powder + abrasives + builders (Na 2 CO 3 and
Na 3 PO 4 )

(D) Scouring soap (iv) Soap powder + builders like Na 2 CO 3 and Na 3 PO 4

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )

(b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )
(c) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)
 458 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

A nswers

1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c)

11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c)

21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (c)

31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (c)

41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (b) 47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (d) 50. (b)

51. (c) 52. (d) 53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (d) 57. (c) 58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (d)

61. (a) 62. (c) 63. (b) 64. (d) 65. (b) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (a) 69. (d) 70. (c)

71. (c) 72. (d) 73. (b) 74. (b) 75. (d) 76. (a) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (b)

81. (b) 82. (a) 83. (a) 84. (a) 85. (c) 86. (a) 87. (b) 88. (b) 89. (b) 90. (d)

91. (c) 92. (c) 93. (d) 94. (a) 95. (c) 96. (a) 97. (b) 98. (d) 99. (c) 100. (d)

101. (a) 102. (c) 103. (b) 104. (b) 105. (a) 106. (d) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (d) 110. (c)

111. (c) 112. (c) 113. (a) 114. (d) 115. (d) 116. (c) 117. (c) 118. (c) 119. (c) 120. (c)

121. (d) 122. (a) 123. (a) 124. (d) 125. (d) 126. (d) 127. (d) 128. (a) 129. (c) 130. (d)

131. (b) 132. (b) 133. (b) 134. (a) 135. (c) 136. (a) 137. (b) 138. (b) 139. (c) 140. (b)

141. (b) 142. (d) 143. (d) 144. (a) 145. (c) 146. (b) 147. (a) 148. (a) 149. (d) 150. (d)

151. (d) 152. (a) 153. (d) 154. (a) 155. (b) 156. (a) 157. (b) 158. (c) 159. (c) 160. (b)

161 (d) 162. (a) 163. (d) 164. (d) 165. (b) 166. (c) 167. (b) 168. (a) 169. (d) 170. (d)

171. (b) 172. (a) 173. (d) 174. (a) 175. (b) 176. (b)
Chemistry in Everyday Life 459

Level-2 Assertion and Reason

Instructions : In each of the following questions, a Statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by
a corresponding Reason (R) just below it. Read the Statement carefully and mark the correct
answer—
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(C) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

1. Assertion (A) : Competitive inhibitors compete with the natural substete for their
attachment on the active sites of enzymes.
Reason (R) : In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to allosteric site of the enzyme.
2. Assertion (A) : Drugs classification based on pharmacological effect is useful for doctors.
Reason (R) : It provides the whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a
particular type of problem.
3. Assertion (A) : Chemicals added to food for increasing their shelf life are called
preservatives.
Reason (R) : Natural sweeterners like sucrose and artificial sweeteners like saccharin
are commonly used as food preservatives.
4. Assertion (A) : Different receptors in the body show selectivity for one chemical
messenger over the other.
Reason (R) : Their binding sites have different shape, structure and amino acid
composition.
5. Assertion (A) : Chemical messenger are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
Reason (R) : Chemical messenger gives messages to the cell without entering the cell.
6. Assertion (A) : the — As == As — linkage present in arsphenamine (a sulpha drug)
resembles the — N == N — linkage present in azo dyes.
Reason (R) : The first antibacterial agent, prontosil resembles in structure to the
compound salvarsan.
7. Assertion (A) : Antibiotics are used as drugs to treat infections.
Reason (R) : These are less toxic for humans and animals.
8. Assertion (A) : Mineral oils and essential oils cannot be used for soap preparation.
Reason (R) : They do not contain fatty acid glycerides.
460 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

9. Assertion (A) : Soaps are metal salts of higher fatty acids.

Reason (R) : Metal salts have good cleansing actions.
10. Assertion (A) : Sedatives are given to patients who are mentally agitated and violent.
Reason (R) : Sedatives can suppress the activities of central nervous system.
11. Assertion (A) : Antiseptics can be applied to living tissues.
Reason (R) : Iodine is a well known antiseptic.
12. Assertion (A) : Oils float on water.
Reason (R) : Oils are the naturally occurring compounds that belong to lipid.
13. Assertion (A) : Aspirin is a well known analgesic.
Reason (R) : Chemical substances used for relieving pain are called analgesics.
14. Assertion (A) : The drugs which act on the central nervous system and help in reducing
anxiety are called antibiotics.
Reason (R) : Brufen is an antibiotic.
15. Assertion (A) : Oils contain higher proportion of glycerides of saturated fatty acids.
Reason (R) : Oils contain a higher percentage of olein.
16. Assertion (A) : BHA is added to butter to increase its shelf life.
Reason (R) : BHA is an antioxidant.
17. Assertion (A) : Sodium lauryl sacrosinate (SLS) is a cationic detergent.
Reason (R) : It is used in tooth paste, shampoos and water emulsion paints.
18. Assertion (A) : Oils contain unsaturated fatty acids in the ester part of glycerides.
Reason (R) : The fatty acids in national oils contain odd number of carbon atoms in
fatty acid part of the glyceride.
19. Assertion (A) : Oils can be converted into fats by hydrogenation process.
Reason (R) : Nickel is used as catalyst in the process.
20. Assertion (A) : Tetracycline is a well known broad spectrum antibiotic.
Reason (R) : It can kill large number of bacteria of gram positive as well as gram
negative stains.
21. Assertion (A) : Double base propellants are solid propellant.
Reason (R) : They use nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose.
22. Assertion (A) : Monomethyl hydrazine is a liquid propellant.
Reason (R) : Liquid propellants have poor thrust than solid propellants.
23. Assertion (A) : Equanil is a tranquiliser.
Reason (R) : Equanil is used to cure depression and hypertension.
24. Assertion (A) : Narcotics are opium derivatives.
Reason (R) : Narcotic is an analgesic.
25. Assertion (A) : Sodium benzoate is a commonly used preservative.
Reason (R) : It prevents the growth of microorganisms in food materials which can
make the food stale.
26. Assertion (A) : Malachite is a triphenyl methane dye.
Reason (R) : It contains ¾N==N groups.
Chemistry in Everyday Life 461

27. Assertion (A) : Alizarin is a neutral dye also used as mordant dye.
Reason (R) : It imparts same colour when aluminium and chromium salts are used as
mordants.
28. Assertion (A) : Sucrose and saccharin have nearly same sweetness index.
Reason (R) : Both compounds are the component of carbohydrate.
29. Assertion (A) : Calcium salt of fatty acid can be used as soap.
Reason (R) : They are water soluble.
30. Assertion (A) : Aspirin is used to reduce the chance of heart attack.
Reason (R) : Aspirin increase the rate of prostaglandin synthesis.
31. Assertion (A) : Classical smog is different from photo chemical smog.
Reason (R) : Because classical smog is oxidising and photo chemical smog is reducing.

A nswers

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (A)
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (A) 24. (B) 25. (A) 26. (C) 27. (C) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (C)
31. (C)
462 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

S olutions

8. (D) Soaps are salts of fatty acids.

O
||
9. (C) R ¾ C ¾ O-M +(Soap)
Soaps have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.
10. (A) A small dose of sedative produces a feeling of relaxation, calmness and drowsiness but
heavy doses are dangerous and some time fatal.
11. (B) Antiseptics are those chemicals which kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.
Antiseptics do not harm the living tissues and can be applied on cuts and wounds. They
help to reduce odours resulting from the bacterial decomposition in the mouth or on
the body.
12. (B) Oils float on water due to low specific gravity.
13. (D) Aspirin is a known antipyretic which also act as analgesic.
14. (D) Tranquiliser reduces anxiety. Brufen is an analgesic.
15. (D) Oils contain higher proportions of glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids.
16. (A) Antioxidants are the compounds that retard the action of oxygen on the food and
thereby help its preservation.
17. (D) Sodium lauryl sarcosinate is an example of amphoteric detergent or Zwitter ionic
detergent.
18. (C) The fatty acids in natural fats and oils have an even number of carbon atoms.
19. (B) Hydrogenation or hardening of oils is a process in which various unsaturated radicals of
fatty glycerides are converted into more highly or completely saturated glycerides by
the addition of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst usually finely divided nickel.
20. (A)
21. (B) Solid propellant uses solid fuels and solid oxidisers.
22. (C) Monomethyl hydrazine is a liquid propellant and it has better thrust than solid
propellants.
23. (A) Tranquilisers are normally given to mentally ill patients.
24. (B) Narcotics make people unconscious and therefore relieve pain.
25. (A)
26. (C) It contains (C 6 H 5 ) 3 C-group.
27. (C) It imparts red colour with aluminium and tin salts whereas it gives brown colour with
chromium mordant.