1. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

a) Digestion
b) Oxygen transport
c) Reproduction
d) Vision
2. Which of the following is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
a) High-fiber diet
b) Regular exercise
c) Smoking
d) Adequate sleep
3. What is the medical term for high blood pressure?
a) Hypotension
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Hypertension
d) Hypoglycemia
4. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
a) Right atrium
b) Left atrium
c) Right ventricle
d) Left ventricle
5. What is the main function of the heart valves?
a) Regulate blood pressure
b) Prevent backflow of blood
c) Produce hormones
d) Control heart rate
6. Which lipid profile component is considered “good cholesterol”?
a) LDL
b) VLDL
c) HDL
d) Triglycerides
7. What condition occurs when blood supply to the heart muscle is blocked, leading
to damage?
a) Stroke
b) Heart attack
c) Aneurysm
d) Embolism
8. What is the average resting heart rate for adults?
a) 50-60 beats per minute
b) 70-80 beats per minute
c) 90-100 beats per minute
d) 110-120 beats per minute
9. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin C
10. What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?
a) Pump blood to the body
b) Supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
c) Control blood pressure
d) Remove waste from the blood
11. Which of the following is a symptom of angina pectoris?
a) Chest pain or discomfort
b) Joint swelling
c) Frequent urination
d) Blurred vision
12. What is the main function of the pacemaker cells in the heart?
a) Transmit electrical signals
b) Pump blood
c) Regulate blood pressure
d) Produce hormones
13. What term is used to describe the condition where the heart muscle becomes
weakened and enlarged?
a) Arrhythmia
b) Myocarditis
c) Ischemia
d) Atherosclerosis
14. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
a) Age
b) Genetics
c) High cholesterol
d) Gender
15. What is the purpose of the ECG (electrocardiogram) test?
a) Measure blood pressure
b) Assess heart rhythm and electrical activity
c) Monitor oxygen levels in the blood
d) Evaluate lung function
16. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of
the body?
a) Veins
b) Arteries
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
17. What is the medical term for a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, often in the
legs?
a) Aneurysm
b) Embolism
c) Thrombosis
d) Ischemia
18. Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of developing
atherosclerosis?
a) Regular exercise
b) Healthy diet
c) Smoking
d) Sufficient sleep
19. What is the role of nitroglycerin in cardiovascular medicine?
a) Lowering cholesterol
b) Dilating blood vessels
c) Regulating heart rate
d) Preventing blood clots
20. Which condition is characterized by an irregular and rapid heart rhythm?
a) Bradycardia
b) Tachycardia
c) Fibrillation
d) Aneurysm
21. What is the primary function of the mitral valve in the heart?
a) Prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium
b) Regulate blood pressure
c) Pump blood to the lungs
d) Control heart rate
22. Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
a) Shortness of breath
b) Chest pain
c) Leg pain during exercise
d) Persistent cough
23. What is the purpose of statin medications in cardiovascular treatment?
a) Lowering blood pressure
b) Dilating blood vessels
c) Reducing cholesterol levels
d) Increasing heart rate
24. Which of the following factors is NOT typically associated with an increased risk
of cardiovascular disease?
a) Diabetes
b) Obesity
c) Regular physical activity
d) Hypertension
25. What is the normal range for blood pressure in adults?
a) 80/60 mmHg
b) 120/80 mmHg
c) 140/90 mmHg
d) 160/100 mmHg
26. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of heart failure?
a) Sudden chest pain
b) Swelling of the ankles and legs
c) Migraine headaches
d) Persistent cough
27. What is the purpose of the AED (automated external defibrillator) in emergency
situations?
a) Treat high blood pressure
b) Provide oxygen therapy
c) Restore normal heart rhythm through electrical shock
d) Administer pain relief
28. Which type of cholesterol is commonly referred to as “bad cholesterol”?
a) HDL
b) LDL
c) VLDL
d) Triglycerides
29. What condition is characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits on the inner walls
of arteries?
a) Aneurysm
b) Arteriosclerosis
c) Thrombosis
d) Atherosclerosis
30. What is the purpose of beta-blocker medications in cardiovascular treatment?
a) Lowering cholesterol levels
b) Dilating blood vessels
c) Reducing heart rate and blood pressure
d) Preventing blood clot formation
31. Which of the following is a common symptom of a heart attack in women?
a) Severe chest pain
b) Jaw pain
c) Nausea and vomiting
d) Rapid breathing
32. What is the function of the left ventricle in the heart?
a) Pump oxygenated blood to the body
b) Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs
c) Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs
d) Receive deoxygenated blood from the body
33. Which imaging technique is often used to visualize the coronary arteries and
assess blood flow to the heart muscle?
a) X-ray
b) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
c) CT (computed tomography) angiography
d) Ultrasound

34. What is the purpose of antiplatelet medications in cardiovascular treatment?

a) Lowering blood pressure
b) Reducing inflammation
c) Preventing blood clot formation
d) Dilating blood vessels
35. Which electrolyte imbalance can contribute to cardiac arrhythmias?
a) Hypokalemia (low potassium)
b) Hyponatremia (low sodium)
c) Hypercalcemia (high calcium)
d) Hyperkalemia (high potassium)
36. What is the primary cause of coronary artery disease?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Viral infection
c) Genetic factors
d) Atherosclerosis
37. Which condition is characterized by a sudden, severe headache, and is often
referred to as a “brain attack”?
a) Migraine
b) Stroke
c) Epilepsy
d) Parkinson’s disease
38. What is the purpose of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in regulating
blood pressure?
a) Increase heart rate
b) Constrict blood vessels
c) Promote fluid retention
d) Enhance oxygen delivery
39. Which lifestyle modification is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular
disease?
a) Increased sodium intake
b) Sedentary behavior
c) Mediterranean-style diet
d) Smoking
40. What is the term for the condition in which the heart’s electrical impulses are
disorganized, leading to a rapid and irregular heartbeat?
a) Atrial fibrillation
b) Ventricular fibrillation
c) Atrioventricular block
d) Supraventricular tachycardia