CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Research methodology can be defined as the procedure which is used to carry out
the research process scientifically. The research methodology permits the reader to
significantly assess a study’s overall authenticity and consistency. The methodology used
by the researcher answered two vital questions that are related to the study that was carried
out by the researcher. The questions are: How was the data collected or gathered by the
researcher? The second question is how was the data examined or investigated to come to
the conclusions? For the current study related to the Performance Management systems in
telecom service providing companies and its Impact on employee performance with
reference to t e l e c o m s e r v i c e p r o v i d i n g c ompanies operating in v i d a r b h a
r e g i o n , the researcher collected all the necessary data and information by using different
research methodologies.

The study is related to the performance management of the employees and its
implications on the employee performance. Performance management is referred to that
management approach, which is constant, all-inclusive and supple in nature and is applied
on the administration of the companies, working force and employees. Performance
management can be termed a measure which analysis the qualitative and quantitative
features of a job performance. Building up the representatives of an association to address
future changes and difficulties is one of the most major necessities of Performance
Management framework. It incorporates estimating the human asset requests of an
association and adapting to meet these requests. It takes a gander at empowering a
representative to build up his general identity and his capacity for ceaseless change. Staff
execution administration through execution evaluation furnishes staff with lucidity of
points and spotlight on work desire, rouses staff to perform better, develops the coveted
culture, enhances correspondence, and accomplishes departmental destinations.

The fundamental requirement for the investigation is to assess execution and

enhance correspondence amongst managers and staff on overseeing execution, to know
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how best the association is directing the execution surveys to its workers and how it is
contributing towards the change of the worker execution. Every single association won't
get the workers who are consummately fit in for certain assignment, so in such cases the
association steps up with regards to lead execution surveys to its workers all together to
make them talented and proficient. This straightforwardly and in a roundabout way adds to
the development furthermore, improvement of the association. Execution Management is
planned essentially for the individuals who are in charge of outlining furthermore,
regulating execution administration frameworks in divisions. It additionally gives handy
guidance for directors and appraises in execution evaluation.

In the event that individual performs at their pinnacle level, association can
contend and make waves. Execution Management Frameworks if legitimately composed
and executed can change the course of development and pace of associations. Execution
administration in associations is seen as the aggregate arrangement of social event
important data, giving particular input to people and work gatherings, and applying such
data for the change of authoritative adequacy. The different research methodologies that
are used by the researcher to collect the necessary information about the current study
includes research design, research approach, sampling design, sampling plans, techniques.
All these techniques will help the researcher to collect and evaluate the data and all the
information in a coherent manner. The researcher has also included data collection and
data analysis to collect and examine the data in a rational manner.

3.2 Research paradigm

Research paradigm is conceptually termed to be a comprehensive set of

assumptions or beliefs of the researcher. The researcher conducts the research by applying
such assumptions or beliefs while collecting all the necessary information that is vital for
the research process. Research paradigm is defined as the shared understanding if a reality
which is promoted by the researcher through the study. The identification of the research
paradigm is necessary to collect all the relevant data and information in a valid and reliable
manner. The research paradigms are basically of two type’s qualitative and quantitative
research. The qualitative research paradigm is subjective and inductive in nature. It
involves collection of data through unstructured interviews, observation, and content

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analysis. It provides less structured information about the different sources of data and
takes a lot of time for effective conduction of the research. Whereas the quantitative
research paradigm is objective and deductive in nature. It involves effective conduction of
experiments, surveys, testing, and structured content analysis, interviews, and observation.
It provides a high degree of structured information about the different sources of data and
takes relatively less time for the effective conduction of the research.

In the current study related to the Performance Management systems in Telecom

service providing companies and its impact on employee performance with reference to
telecom service providing companies operating in vidarbha region, the researcher used
quantitative methodology for the effective conduction of the test for the hypothesis that
has been developed by the researcher. It can be said that quantitative methodology is best
approach that could be applied for the current study. The quantitative methodology also
includes positivism which enables the numerical exploration and evaluation of the data in
a refined manner. The positivism paradigm relies on realist ontology which is based on the
assumption that there exists an objective reality. It also relies on the representational
epistemology which is based on the assumption of the reality can be made known with the
usage of symbols or by accurately describing the reality. The positivism approach mainly
relies on experimental and manipulative methods along with hypothesis generation and
testing. This approach involves quantities methods including the application of statistical
tools for effective analyzing and evaluation of the collected information.

3.3 Research Design

Research design is identified as the application of an approach that will combine all
the different elements of the study in a rational manner so that the needs of the researcher
related to the study could be effectively met. It formed the blueprint of the research
process that was used by the researcher for collection, evaluation and examination of data
in a controlled manner. There are different kinds of research design that have been applied
by the researcher in order to get more significant information. They are case study design,
casual design, Cohort design, cross-sectional design, descriptive design, experimental
design, exploratory design, historical design etc. the research design. In the current study
related to the Performance Management systems in t e l e c o m s e r v i c e p r o v i d i n g

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c o m p a n i e s and its impact on employee performance with reference to companies
operating in v i d a r b h a r e g i o n the researcher used descriptive research design. The
application of the descriptive research design wills effectively correspond to the research
approach and paradigm for the study. The usage of descriptive approach helped in
framing a layout that enabled the researcher to collect the relevant facts and figures in
a detailed and well-planned manner. It also ensured that the various features and practices
that were made known by the research investigations were presented properly and
effectively with the use of descriptive research approach. Moreover the research was also
based on the quantitative research approach which helped in effective testing of hypothesis
which was related with the pre-defined theoretical concepts. Thus, it can be said that
descriptive design could be of much help for the current study which was applied by the
researcher to get valid results.

3.4 Research approach

Research approach is the referred to a plan and procedure that is organized by the
researcher to collect the information related to the research study. It is based on broad
assumptions and involves detailed methods of data collection, investigation and
evaluation. The research approach is mostly depended upon the nature of research
problem that exits in the study. There are two categories of research approaches. They are
approach of data collection and approach of data analysis or reasoning.

There are different types of data approaches that were used by the researcher in
order to get accurate and reliable data and information. They included -- collecting
participant meanings, making interpretations of the data, creating an agenda for change or
reform, identifying variables to study, observing and measuring information numerically,
using unbiased approaches, employing statistical procedures etc. Apart from this, for
effective data analysis process there are two types of research approaches (Ahmed
&Sathish, 2016). They are inductive research approach and deductive research approach.
When there is application of qualitative research approach inductive approach is used. It
involves development of theories that are based on experiences and procedures that are
based on the previous available data. Whereas, when there is application of quantitative
research approach deductive approach is used. It involves exploration and development of

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the theoretical structure of the hypotheses. It also includes statistical testing of the
hypotheses which helps the researcher to draw conclusions logically from the available
data.

In the current study related to Performance Management system and its impact on
employee performance in telecom service providing companies operating in vidarbha
region the researcher used quantitative research approach. This involved the adoption of
deductive research approach for the quantitative analysis of the current study. The
deductive approach is used by the researcher. The application of deductive approach is
used as the research conducted by the researcher is quantitative in nature. The deductive
approach is also popularly identified as top down approach which is based on the theories
that are already determined. This helps in collecting more relevant information which is
based on the formulated hypotheses. It further enables the researcher to investigate and
examine the generated hypotheses in a rational manner. This helps to check validity of the
hypotheses. It also helps the researcher to accept or reject the hypotheses and draw
conclusions from the study in an effective manner. The deductive approach used by the
researcher helps in collecting primary quantitative data through a survey among the target
population.

3.5 Sampling Design

A sample design constitutes of two fundamental elements. They are sampling method and
estimator. The sampling method is referred to the conventions and measures through
which few elements of the population are involved in the sample. Some of the common
examples of sampling methods are simple random sampling, stratified sampling and
cluster sampling. The estimator is the estimation process which is used for the evaluation
of sample statistics. The estimators use different sampling procedures for different
estimation process. Taking instance, the formula that is used for estimating the mean score
in a simple random sample will be different from the formula that is used for estimating
the mean score that will be applicable in the stratified sample. In the same manner the
formula used for the estimation of standard error will also differ for all the sampling
methods.

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 Sampling technique is further categorised into two parts. They are probability
designs and non-probability designs correspondingly. In the probability sampling
technique each member of the selected population is considered to be of non-zero
probability. The probability methods include three sampling methods which are random
sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. In the non-probability sampling
technique the members of the selected population are chosen in a non-random manner.
The non-probability includes four sampling methods which are convenience sampling,
judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The benefit of probability
sampling method is that the sampling error could be estimated properly. Sampling error is
defined as the degree by which the acquired sample could differ from the large populace.
When the evaluation is done in the basis of the population the outcomes gained can be
represented in the positive or negative manner. In the evaluation of the non-probability
sampling, it is found that the level of degree to which the sample differs is not identified and
remains unknown.

The used judgemental sampling technique is also known as Expert sampling

technique. It is one of the non-random sampling methods. This technique mostly resides
on the views and opinions of the experts. The results that are obtained from using this
sampling method is depended upon the judgment of the sample. Hence it contains certain
degree of bias. This happens because the frame and population chosen by the researcher
are not identical in nature. The edge is a rundown of the considerable number of units,
things, individuals, etc. that characterize the populace to be contemplated. Judgment
examining isn't frequently prescribed, as it confines the sorts of factual dissects you may
sensibly perform. This is on account of Judgment Samples are not types of irregular
determination and have acquired inclination. Judgment Sampling is utilized as a part of
tight conditions, normally when the number of inhabitants in intrigue is little or particular.
The researcher could choose people who meet the capabilities and would be all the more
eager or ready to give definite data about the challenges in acquiring the refinement.

In the current study the researcher used the simple random sampling techniques.
The technique chosen by the researcher effectively selected the sample population from
the target population of HR Managers and Employees of telecom service providing

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companies (Ahmed &Sathish, 2016). A sample size of 4 2 5 respondents was
selected from the target population of employees and HR managers of telecom service
providing companies from vidarbha region. The researcher applied positivist research
paradigm along with the quantitative research methodology. The researcher also used the
simple random sampling technique for the selection of respondents that will be utilized for
collection of data in the current research process. The simple random sampling can also be
considered as a method that is used for selecting participants from a group of people that is
occurring naturally. This also opens opportunity for the population where each participant
has an equal chance of being elected for the study. The total sample size selected is 425,
covering all the departments in the company (Alturaigi&Altameem, 2016).

3.6.1 Sampling unit and population

A Sample was conducted among 425 Employees who are HR Managers and
employees of telecom service providing companies in Vidarbha region was taken from
out of total population of employees. The total population in the organization was chosen to
be about 750. The s a m p l e c h o s e n f o r a t t a i n i n g f e e d b a c k c o n t a i n e d o f
managers, supervisors etc. was about 425.

3.7 Data collection methods

The data collection method is termed to be the procedure that is used to collect data
from different sources which can be classified as quantitative data or qualitative data
collection. There are many ways which can be applied by the researcher to collect the
information related to the research study (Khan, Talib& Faisal, 2015). These include
interviews, questionnaires and surveys, observations, focus groups, ethnographies, oral
history, and case studies and documents and records. Interviews include conduction of
interviews on phone with the concerned person or in person. This involves asking of
questions to the concerned person that is focused and clear. The interviews conducted
formally that is structured or semi-structured or informal manner. The person conducting
the interview ensured that the questions asked in the process of interview must be
answered with open-ended responses. The conduction of interview is considered to one of
the most effective tool among the other qualitative data collection methods. It is

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considered to be a primary source of data collection technique.

The questionnaire is regarded as another tool which is used for the data collection
method. In this format the researcher prepared questions that are given to the respondents or
the participants to answer appropriately. The questions prepared by the researcher are
objective and subjective in nature. It could include the multiple choice questions format
also. The choice of the setting up the format of the questionnaire depended upon the kind of
data the researcher wanted to extract from the respondents (Sharma, Sharma
&Rajasekaran, 2016). The subjective type questionnaire is prepared to gain qualitative
outcomes of the research process. In order to gain quantitative outcomes the researcher
used the bjective type questionnaire which included multiple choice questions to get the
responses. These responses have been evaluated on the quantitative basis by assigning
numerical values to the responses. The use of Likert Scale was done to acquire more
accurate and concise results. Moreover it got easier to analyze the outcomes when they are
quantitatively represented. The different pre-test and pro-test can be effectively compared
and examined on the basis of the outcomes given by the tests. It is also regarded as one of
the techniques that is used as primary source for data collection method.

Another method which can be used for effective collection of data is by using the
means of observation. The researcher can gain more knowledge about the research topic
by effectively observing the different aspects of the research study. Observation permits
the effective study of the dynamics of the situation. It allows that perfect observation of
the frequency counts of the target behavior as many times as the researcher wants (Roy,
Ponnam & Mandal, 2017). There is no time restriction for the researcher to complete the
study within specified period of time. There is no restriction to number of the times
theobservations needs to be carried out. The researcher can carry the observation any
number of times till he gets satisfies with the results of the observation. The researcher can
select the evaluation process for the research as per the needs indicated by the behavior or
the responses of the respondents. Observation data collection method is considered to be
one of the most essential sources of providing additional information. Through observation
the researcher can get information about any specific group. The researcher can also use the

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video or audio of the respondents to collect more information. Through observations data
can be collected in both the qualitative as well as quantitative form. The qualitative data will
be collected in the form of narrative data while the quantitative data can be collected by
using frequency counts, mean length of interactions, and instructional time.

The focus group is another method of data collection technique. In this process the
researcher assembled a group of people who have some common beliefs or principles and
conducts a group interview with them. The researcher laid focus on gathering collective
information that is received from the selected group in the combined form. The shared
views and opinions of the people are considered as valuable information for the study
process of the researcher. After the collection of the shared information, the received
information is implied into different categories and examined thematically.
In this study the researcher has interviewed the HR managers of the telecom service
providing companies to understand the performance management system. The valuable
inputs in designing the questionnaire were obtained from these industry experts so that the
data collection is more meaningful and relevant.

Ethnographies, Oral History, and Case Studies are considered to another set of
efficient tools that can be used collection of data (Shekhar, 2016). These set of tools
involves collection of data through studying a single factor trend related to the research
topic. It also involves the examining of people in their natural surroundings instead of
making them uncomfortable in unknown settings. The use of a multitude of tools for
instance observation, interviews, and surveys are done to collect the information in a more
accurate manner. The researcher emphatically used Ethnography tool for data collection
procedure as it provides a more holistic approach for the collection and evaluation of data.
By using this process even the researcher can also be considered to become a variable if
required for the research process.

The researcher also used the documents and records to acquire more information
related to the research process (Sigwejo&Pather, 2016). This consists of investigating the
available data in various forms like databases, meeting minutes, reports, financial records,
newsletters, etc. this method of data collection is regarded as an inexpensive form of

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collecting data. It must be noted that the use of this method of data collected is limited in
nature and the researcher may get an incomplete set of information. This is considered to be
the secondary source of information.

In the current study the researcher had used two types of methods for data
collection techniques are used by the researcher to collect relevant information about the
Performance Management systems and its impact on employee performance in telecom
service providing companies operating in vidarbha region. The researcher uses
primary as well as secondary methods for collection of data. Along with that the survey
method is also used to collect the relevant information (Talib& Faisal, 2015). The
research instrument used for the survey will be a structured undisguised questionnaire.

3.7.1 Primary Data

For the current research study primary data will be collected through surveys. The
use of survey method enabled the researcher to collect the relevant information in a more
reliable and consistent manner. The research instrument that is used for the conduction of
survey is a structured undisguised questionnaire. The survey instruments also included
conduction of interview and focus group to gather the information related to the facts and
figures of the study. The questionnaire prepared was done with the help of Close ended
and Structured Quantitative Questionnaire. The close-ended surveys provided researcher
with individual pre-destined answers (Sigwejo & Pather, 2016). The close ended questions
enabled the respondents to express their views in an adequate manner with utmost
precision. The questionnaire prepared for this study consisted of a set of questions which are
framed by the researcher . The questions are logically and systematically arranged to
collect the information useful for the proposed study. The researcher has structured the
questionnaire with limited number of questions. The questions framed are simple and clear
which can be easily understood by the respondents. The layout of the questionnaire is
prepared in a way that no confusions arise while attempting to answer this questionnaire.
The researcher has minimized all the errors that were related to the format of the
questionnaire. There is no element of Bias in the questionnaire. Even the respondents will be
able to give their responses in a single attempt (Sharma, Sharma &Rajasekaran, 2016). The

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questionnaire was based on a five point Likert’s Scale. The responses given by the
respondents through the questionnaire method enabled the researcher to make an easy
evaluation of the acquired data. The assessment of the acquired data was done by using
pragmatic tools. The researcher has also used personal interviews and focus group
discussions to collect and analyze information in a more coherent manner.

3.7.2. Secondary data

In order to collect and analyze the different facts reacted to collection of data for
the current research study related to the Performance Management systems and its impact
on employee performance in telecom service providing companies operating in Vidarbha
region, the researcher has used different means of secondary data collection (Roy,
Ponnam&Mandal, 2017). The researcher has collected the data by taking reference from the
works that had already been done by previous scholars and researchers. This includes
collection of information from Published books, articles, journals, etc. The researcher also
uses the digital medium to collect more information about the current study. The researcher
used various search engines using internet and collected data from the different company’s
websites that were related to the researcher’s current topic. The use of all these techniques
enabled the researcher to acquire necessary information important for the conduction of the
study in a proper manner.

3.8 Data analysis

Data analysis is termed to be a procedure that is used to examine, investigate,

transform the available data with a aim to identify the relevant information, extracting
conclusions and enhance decision- making power (Nayak, Das &Panigrahi, 2018). There
are various different techniques through data analysis could be carried out in an effective
manner. There are numerous approaches inducing varied techniques with different names
which are being used by different researches to carry out the research process in an adequate
manner. There are many types of data analysis procedures. Some of the data analysis
methods are found to be fundamental in nature for example descriptive, exploratory,
inferential, predictive, and causal. Some methods are found to be more specific in

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nature which is called qualitative data analysis methods. The qualitative
analysis refers to the physical presentation of the data in the form of patterns, colours. It
includes thematically presentation of data (Khan, Talib& Faisal, 2015). The quantitative
analysis focuses on the numerical presentation of the facts and figures. The quantitative
presentation of the data can be done by using various statistical tools, graphical tools,
etc. The statistical presentation of data consists of various tools like mean, median, standard
deviation, regression, sample size determination, hypothesis testing etc. The graphical
presentation of the data includes Box plots, histograms, and normal probability
plots etc. The thematically presentation of data is done by laying stress on pinpointing,
examining, and recording the different patterns from the data (Khan, Lalitha&Omonaiye,
2017). There are few other data analysis procedures like Diagnostic analytics, Predictive
analytics and Prescriptive analytics that can also be applied in order to get the results in a
concise manner.

The diagnostic data analysis refers to the deeper attempt towards collection of data
which enables the researcher to get a better learning and understanding of the causes of
events and behaviours. The Predictive data analytics helps the researcher to recognize the
future probabilities and trends which could provide information about the things that could
happen in the future. The Prescriptive analytics helps the researcher to recognize the best
results of the events, which are categorised by the given parameters. They also suggest the
researcher in decision making and providing options to take the best advantage of a future
opportunity. It also aids in rendering measures to mitigate a future risk (Alturaigi &
Altameem, 2016). The descriptive method of data collection involves the use fundamental
factors of the data that are used in the study. The use of descriptive methods helps the
researcher to acquire simple summaries that are related to the selected and measures. They
also include simple graphics analysis which forms a part of quantitative analysis of data. It is
also regarded as the primary stage of data processing which enables the researcher to create
short notes of the accumulated data so that relevant information can be attained. It also
helps in the further preparation of data that can be used for the analysis procedure. The
different techniques that are included in the descriptive data analysis procedure are data
aggregation and data mining.
The application of such techniques helps in recognizing the different patterns and
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relationships (Ahmed &Sathish, 2016). The other techniques like querying, reporting and
data visualization may also applied to get better results.

In the current study related to the Performance Management system and its impact on
employee performance in telecom service providing companies operating in Vidarbha region,
the researcher has used descriptive method of data analysis. The application of data analysis
by the researcher will effectively provide integrated results which will ensure that the
examination of the collected data in a logical manner. The use of simple percentage method,
graphical method, and Mann Whitney U tests has further enhanced the level of evaluation
for the collected data by the researcher. The researcher has also used SPSS software
package and used R-library poLCA which has enabled the researcher to present the data in
a refine statistical manner (Alturaigi & Altameem, 2016). The statistical presentation of the
data was considered to an essential part of the whole research process. It effectively helped
in testing of the hypotheses using an empirical deductive research approach.

3.8.1 Statistical tools used

A model based on three parameters viz. PMS Design ,PMS Execution and Employee
motivation is proposed. The responses obtained on five-point Likert scale for design,
execution and motivation related questions were summarized in terms of numbers and
percentage. A graphical visualization of the same was obtained through pie charts. Also, the
mean, median and standard deviation of responses were obtained for each question related to
design, execution and motivation. The comparison of median response for each question
between executive and managerial levels was performed using Mann-Whitney U test.

In order to classify respondents based on their responses to questions in each category, Latent
class analysis was performed. This analysis was carried out independently for design,
execution and motivation related questions to group respondents based on their responses.

Latent Class Analysis (LCA)

LCA is a technique for the analysis of clustering of observations in multiway tables of

categorical variables. The central idea is to fit the model in which any confounding between
the menifest varible can be explained by a single unobserved “latent” categorical variable.

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The analysis was performed using R-library poLCA, which uses the assumption of local
independence to estimate a mixed model of latent multi-way tables and the number of nclass.
A sequence of models with 1 group to 6 groups were generated and the parameters like BIC,
AIC and likelihood were obtained. The group with minimum BIC value was considered to
provide the best classification of respondents. Also, the Elbow - plot was referred to decide
the parsimonious model fit. After deciding the number of clusters, the membership for each
respondent was obtained, thereby classifying each respondent to one of the clusters.

Such analysis was performed for all the three categories viz., design, execution and
motivation.

Logistic regression (multinomial)

The main objective of study was to develop a model specifying the relationship of motivation
of employees and the design and execution of performance management system. In other
words, how the design of PMS and its execution by supervisors influence the motivation level
of employees. By using LCA, from design perspective, the respondents were grouped into
three classes viz., Rational, Somewhat rational and Weak design. Similarly, based on
execution related responses, they were grouped into Good execution, Fair execution and Poor
execution. Also, the motivation related questions were used to classify them into highly
motivated, moderately motivated and non-motivated. The motivation variable was treated as
dependent, while design and execution were referred as independents. Since, the motivation
is an ordered variable, to determine its relatedness with the independents, ordinal logistic
regression was used. However, due to violation of assumption of proportinal odds, the
dependent variable was treated as nominal and accordingly, multinomial logistic regression
analysis was performed. The independent variables were coded with dummy variables and
thus the coefficients were obtained with reference to their respective lowest level. The
analysis was performed using SPSS ver 20.0 (IBM Corp Armonk, USA).

Further, a graphical visualization of respondents in each level of design and execution and
their level of motivation was obtained as Sankey plot. The statistical significance was
evaluated at 5% level.

SPSS stands for Statistical Package for Social Science. SPSS Software was designed in this

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study in minding that the quantifiable data has to be analyzed in a quantifiable manner. SPSS
is regarded as the comprehensive structure that helps in analyzing the different facts and
figures in a logical manner. The SPSS method of data collection can be applied on any
kind of data which is collected by the researcher (Sharma, Sharma &Rajasekaran, 2016). This
process can be used in any kinds of files and helps in the generation of tabulated reports,
charts, and plots of distributions and trends, descriptive statistics and complex
statistical analysis.

3.9 Strategies for validating findings

3.9.1. Reliability

The correctness of the tools used in the research study is examined through
reliability. The researcher of this study assures that every participant has replied
completely for the questions provided. The reliability of the respondents was thoroughly
checked by the researcher. This ensured that the data collected by the researcher with the
help of respondents is gained in an accurate manner. The researcher also checked the
authenticity of the responses of the respondents to assure that the responses given by the
researcher were in accordance to the current research process related to the Performance
Management systems and its impact on employee performance in telecom service providing
companies operating in vidarbha region (Sigwejo & Pather, 2016).

3.9.2. Validity

Validity is defined as the assurance that is given by the researcher for every
requirements of the research. It is found that every notion related to the research process is
being checked and authenticated and utilizing to obtain the data in a refined manner
(Talib& Faisal, 2015). The researcher had maintained the authenticity of the research
process by formulating the survey questions in order to satisfy the different aims and
objectives of the research study.

3.10 Ethical considerations

The researcher had determined all the ethical consideration to conduct the research
process. The researcher had taken prior consent from all the participants who had

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participated in the research process. The researcher had taken all the valid permits and
permissions form the different companies where the research study is being conducted. The
researcher has taken all the necessary permits and permissions to carry out the research
process in the premises of the telecom service providing companies. The consent form all the
participating respondents were also taken in the form of a statement. The statement was
containing the details about the objectives of the research which was explained by the
researcher to the respondents. The researcher assured to the respondents that no respondent
will be physically, emotionally or mentally harmed during the conduction of the research
(Shekhar, 2016). The participants are also permitted to withdraw from the research
process, whenever needed by them. The researcher also ensured that the responses given
by the researcher would be kept confidential and would not be revealed to any person.

In case if it is necessary to reveal the information and the details about the responses
of the participants, the permission would be taken from the participating respondents. The
researcher entrusted the respondents that no personal information of the participants would
be revealed to any third party. If in case it is required that the revelations of the
identity of the participants is necessary, the respondents will be informed about this (Sharma,
Sharma &Rajasekaran, 2016). When the permission will be given is given by them, then
only the information will be revealed to the third party. If the respondents do not permit to
reveal the information the third party will be denied the access of the information.

3.10 Limitation of the Study

The researcher had to face difficulties related to the collection of data in a

comprehensive manner. The researcher also faced difficulties from the side of respondents
(Roy, Ponnam & Mandal, 2017). The respondents who were participating in the research
process were working professionals. It was difficult for the working HR Managers and e
employees of telecom service providing Companies in vidarbha region to spare extra time
from their busy work schedule to give proper time to the researcher to carry out the research
process. Moreover it was found that some of the researchers were not actively participating in
the research process (Nayak, Das & Panigrahi, 2018). The researcher found that the
some of the participants were highly cooperative and were actively participating in the

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research process while some were not interested at all. This highly affected the research
process as the research process was highly depended upon the responses of the participants.
When the participants did not responded well the collection of data from such respondents
became difficult for the researcher. The researcher also felt that the time frame allotted to
carry out the research process was very limited in nature (Khan, 2017). In the short duration
of time it was very difficult for the researcher to collect information in a refined manner.

The researcher felt that if he would have been given some more time he would
have been able to collect the relevant information in a more organized and authentic
manner. The researcher also felt that the restrictions imposed by the telecom service
providing companies to conduct the research process in a specified period of time and
place also impacted the study to great extent as the participating respondents did not felt
comfortable enough to express themselves in the confined premise of the office (Khan,
Talib& Faisal, 2015). Moreover it was permitted that the respondents will be available for
the survey process only after the office hours. No interaction was allowed with the
respondents during the working hours of the office. This affected the researcher’s study in a
negative manner.
3.11. Summary

The researcher has carried out the research process by using different research
methodologies. The primary and secondary data collection methods were used to collect
the necessary information by the researcher (Alturaigi & Altameem, 2016). The use of
descriptive analysis was done to analyze and examine the information so that effective
results could be extracted out in a logical manner. The numerical presentation of the
different facts and figures had been done systematically. The different results were arranged
in a well-organized manner so that all the necessary information to the research could be
acquired at a particular place (Ahmed & Sathish, 2016). This research followed quantitative
methodology and so adopted positivistic paradigm. Through Simple random sampling and
judgmental sampling method a sample of 416 individuals was surveyed and the responses
were analyzed through SPSS, Simple percentage analysis and Mann Whitney U Test.
Further the validity and reliability of the verdicts are also verified by the researcher without
deviation from ethical considerations.

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