Exercise 11.

4
1.
(i) x2 + 3x + 2,
(ii) z2 + 10z + 24
Solution:
(i) x2 + 3x + 2

O T IS
= x2 + 2x + x + 2
N A D
CO N
= x(x + 2) + 1 (x + 2)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= (x + 2) (x + 1)
ED PR

(ii) z2 + 10z + 24

= z2 + 6z + 4z + 24
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= z(z + 6) + 4 (z + 6)

= (z + 6) (z + 4)

2.
D

(i) y2 – 7y + 12
(ii) m2 – 23m + 42
Solution:

(i) y2 – 7y + 12

= y2 – 3y – 4y + 12 [Since, 12 = -3 × (-4) and – 7 = -3 – 4]

= y(y – 3) -4(y – 3)

= (y – 3) (y – 4)
(ii) m2 – 23m + 42

= m2 – 2m – 21m + 42 [Since, 42 = -2 × (-21) and – 23 = -21 – 2]

= m(m – 2) – 21(m – 2)

O T IS
= (m – 2) (m – 21)
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
3.
(i) y2 – 5y – 24,
(ii) t2 + 23t – 108
ED PR

Solution:

(i) y2– 5y – 24
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= y2 – 8y + 3y – 24

= y(y – 8) + 3(y – 8)

= (y – 8) (y + 3)
D

(ii) t2 + 23t – 108

= t2 + 27t – 4t – 108

= t (t + 27) – 4 (t + 27)

= (t + 27) (t – 4)
4.
(i) 3x2 + 14x + 8,
(ii) 3y2 + 10y + 8
Solution:

(i) 3x2 + 14x + 8

= 3x2 + 12x + 2x + 8

O T IS
= 3x (x + 4) + 2 (x + 4)
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
= (x + 4) (3x + 2)

PY
(ii) 3y2 + 10y + 8
ED PR

= 3y2 + 6y + 4y + 8

= 3y (y + 2) + 4 (y + 2)
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= (y + 2) (3y + 4)

5.
(i) 14x2 – 23x + 8,
(ii) 12x2 – x – 35
D

Solution:
(i) 14x2 – 23x + 8

= 14x2 – 16x – 7x + 8

= 2x (7x – 8) – 1 (7x – 8)

= (7x – 8) (2x – 1)
(ii) 12x2 – x – 35

= 12x2 – 21x + 20x – 35

= 3x (4x – 7) + 5 (4x – 7)

= (4x – 7) (3x + 5)

O T IS
6.

N A D
(i) 6x2 + 11x – 10

CO N
(ii) 5 – 4x – 12x2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
(i) 6x2 + 11x – 10
ED PR

= 6x2 + 15x – 4x – 10

= 3x (2x + 5) – 2 (2x + 5)
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= (2x + 5) (3x – 2)
(ii) 5 – 4x- 12x2

= 5 – 10x + 6x – 12x2

= 5 (1 – 2x) + 6x (1 – 2x)
D

= (1 – 2x) (5 + 6x)

7.
(i) 1 – 18y – 63y2,
(ii) 3x2 – 5xy – 12y2
Solution:
(i) 1 – 18y – 63y2

= 1 – 21y + 3y – 63y2

= 1(1- 21y) + 3y (1 – 21y)

= (1 – 21y) (1 + 3y)

O T IS
(ii) 3x2 – 5xy – 12y2

N A D
CO N
= 3x2 – 9xy + 4xy- 12y2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= 3x (x – 3y) + 4y (x – 3y)

= (x – 3y) (3x + 4y)

ED PR

8.
©

(i) x2 – 3xy – 40y2

(ii) 10p2q2 – 21pq + 9
Solution:

(i) x2 – 3xy – 40y2

= x2 – 8xy + 5xy – 40y2

D

= x (x – 8y) + 5y (x – 8y)

= (x – 8y) (x + 5y)
(ii) 10p2q2 – 21pq + 9
= 10p2q2 – 15pq – 6pq + 9

= 5pq (2pq – 3) – 3 (2pq – 3)

= (2pq – 3) (5pq – 3)

9.
(i) 2a2b2 + ab – 45

O T IS
(ii) x (12x + 7) – 10
N A D
CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(i) 2a2b2 + ab – 45

= 2a2b2 + 10ab – 9ab – 45

ED PR

= 2ab (ab + 5) – 9 (ab + 5)

©

= (ab + 5) (2ab – 9)
(ii) x (12x + 7) – 10

= 12x2 + 7x – 10

= 12x2 + 15x – 8x – 10
D

= 3x (4x + 5) – 2 (4x + 5)

= (4x + 5) (3x – 2)

10.
(i) (a + b)2 – 11(a + b) – 42
(ii) 8 + 6(p + q) – 5(p + q)
Solution:

(i) (a + b)2 – 11(a + b) – 42

Let (a + b) = x, then we have

O T IS
= x2 – 11x – 42

N A D
CO N
= x2 – 14x + 3x – 42 [∵ -42 = -14 × 3 and -11 = -14 + 3]
O UC AA
T IO
= x(x – 14) + 3 (x – 14)

PY
= (x – 14) (x + 3)
ED PR

Substituting the value of x we get,

= (a + b – 14) (a + b + 3)
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(ii) 8 + 6(p + q) – 5(p + q)2

Let p + q = x, then we have

= 8 + 6x – 5x2
= -5x2 + 6x + 8
D

= -(5x2 – 6x – 8)

= 5x2 – 10x + 4x – 8
[∵ 5 × (-8) = 40 ⇒ -40 = -10 × 4 and -6 = -10 + 4]
= (x – 2) (5x + 4)
Substituting the value of x, then

= -(p + q – 2) (5p + 5q +4)

= (4 + 5p + 5q) (-p – q + 2)

= (4 + 5p + 5 q) (2 – p – q)

O T IS
11.

N A D
(i) (x – 2y)2 – 6(x – 2y) + 5

CO N
(ii) 7 + 10(2x – 3y) – 8(2x – 3y)2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:

(i) Let x – 2y = z
ED PR

Then, (x – 2y)2 – 6 (x – 2y) + 5 becomes

©

= z2 – 6z + 5

= z2 – 5z – z + 5

= z(z – 5) – 1 (z – 5)

= (z – 5)(z – 1)
D

Now, on substituting z = x – 2y, we get

= [(x – 2y) – 5] [(x – 2y) – 1]

= (x – 2y – 5) (x – 2y – 1)
(ii) 7 + 10 (2x – 3y) – 8 (2x – 3y)2
Let 2x – 3y = z

Then, 7 + 10 (2x – 3y) – 8 (2x – 3y)2 becomes

= 7 + 10z – 8z2

= 7 + 14z – 4z – 8z2

O T IS
= 7 (1 + 2z) – 4z (1 + 2z)

N A D
CO N
= (1 + 2z) (7 – 4z)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now, on substituting z = 2x – 3y, we get

= [(1 + 2 (2x – 3y)] [7 – 4 (2x – 3y)]

ED PR

= (1 + 4x – 6y) (7 – 8x + 12y)
©
D