HOMILETICS & EXPOSITORY PREACHING

TABERNCLE BAPTIST BIBLE COLLEGE

BANGALORE

BACHELOR OF DIVINITY
PROF. P. S. JOSEPH
INTRODUCTION.
Preaching is an art- the art of verbal communication. Preaching has long been recognized as
a powerful means of communication and an effective vehicle for promoting change. As far
back as 466 B.C. Korax of Syracuse presented a treatise that gave rules for the art of
speaking. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), Cicero (106-43 B.C.), Julius Caesar (102-44 B.C) and
Quintilian’s (A.D. 150-220) wrote about speech principles. Quintilian’s twelve- volume
Institutes of Oratory is a professional analysis of rhetorical theory.
In the biblical records preaching is prominent. Prophets of Old were preachers. A
prophet is one who speaks for another. They were the messengers of God. They were
primarily preachers and then leaders and reformers. Jesus and the apostles were eminent
preachers. Paul encouraged Timothy to “Preach the word”. The early Christian evangelists
and missionaries moved out as preachers proclaiming the gospel of Jesus Christ. Preaching
is the heralding of the good news by a messenger sent by God. The Christian pulpit has
exerted a far-reaching influence on human society throughout twenty first centuries of its
history
Is the glory of preaching departing from the Christian pulpit? Yes, to an extent. The
age of exposition is passing away. It is replaced by the age of show business and
entertainment. Entertainers are welcomed more into the pulpit than preachers. Psychological
and motivational talk had become the message of the church than biblical preaching. There
is “badmouthing” of preaching and preachers everywhere.
But there is a tremendous need for preaching the bible today. Every minister need to
be a preacher of the bible and show himself approved unto God “as a workman who does not
need to be ashamed, handling accurately the word of truth” (II Tim.2:15).The note of divine
authority and power accompany the preaching of the word of God. That is what preachers
and hearers need to experience today- the transforming power of God’s word.
The purpose of these lessons is to encourage every preacher to be better equipped and
prepared to the glorious task of preaching the word of God. There is a paramount need in the
Christian pulpit today for better preaching. So, let us get ready and preach the word.
LESSON: 1 THE GLORY AND RELEVANCE OF PREACHING.
“Preaching is indispensable to Christianity. Without preaching a necessary part of its
authenticity has been lost. For Christianity is, in its very essence, a religion of the word of
God”- John R.W. Stott.
Preaching is relevant for the following reasons;
1. God is a speaking God. He spoke through the prophets and finally through His Son.
Today HE speaks to us through His written Word. “And it is God’s speech which
makes our speech necessary. We must speak what He has spoken. Hence the
paramount obligation to preach”.
2. God commissioned and commanded the prophets of old to preach (Proclaim) His
message to people. Preaching was one of the methods of prophetic communication.
3. The founder of Christianity, Jesus Christ our Lord, was the first of its preachers.
Preaching and teaching formed a large and essential part of His work (Mk.1:14;
Matt.4:17, 23; Lk.4:15,44).
4. The herald of the Messiah came preaching in the wilderness of Judea (Matt.3:1).
5. The apostles preached the Gospel in Jerusalem. Judea, Samaria and even to the
remotest part of the earth (Acts 4:31; 6:4; 28:31; see also Mk.3:14; Matt.10:5-7;
Matt.28:19; Lk.24:47: Mk.16:20; I Pet.1:12).
6. Preaching is the God- ordained means of spreading the Gospel (Rom.10:14-15; I
Cor.1:17).
7. Paul charged young Timothy to “Preach the word” (II Tim.4:2).
8. The place of preaching was very prominent among the early church fathers, eg;
Tertullian, Irenaeus, Chrysostom, (The golden mouthed preacher) etc.
9. The history of the Friars, Reformers, Puritans and Evangelicals is filled with
preachers and preaching. Their history is in fact the history of the Pulpit.
10. Preaching is very influential in the lives of people. “The pulpit leads the world.”
11. Preaching is a powerful method of communication.
12. Preaching is relevant because it is an art.
13. We are commanded to preach (Mk.16:15; Matt.28:19-20).
Preaching is indispensable, central and unique to Christianity. Paul felt the compulsion to
preach the Gospel (I Cor.9:16: 1:17). Preaching was prominent in the history of the church.
Of all the actions of the Christian ministry preaching is the highest. We are called and
commissioned by God to preach and teach His word the past history of the Church shines
with the glory of preaching and that glory illumines our path as we in the present preach the
word.
“Inasmuch as preaching is the God-ordained means of spreading the gospel amongst
the unsaved, and also of teaching the word of God to believers, any attempt to increase the
effectiveness of both preaching and teaching deserves the serious consideration of every
believer.”
Preaching is primary. Divine revelation, history and Christian experience all combine to
corroborate it.
Exercise for review, discussion and further study.
a. List several reasons for the relevance of preaching.
b. Make a survey of preaching in the bible.
c. List the names of some of the great preachers since the Reformation period. What is
the impact of their preaching?
d. Discuss the vital role of preaching in the ministry of Jesus and the apostles.
 LESSON: 2. HOMILETICS.
Words and Definition
1. “Homily”= Discourse, conversation.
2. “Homos”= a saying.
3. “Homilos”= an assembly, a crowd.
“Homiletics” is the science and art of preaching. It also refers to the art governing the
preparation and delivery of sermons.
“Homiletics” is the art of “Homily”, a discourse delivered to a congregation. Homiletics is
the science of which preaching is the art. Augustine introduced the terms “Homilia” and
“sermo” into the language of the Latin Church. From these the English words “preaching”
and “sermon” are derived. “Sermon” also came to mean in the Reformation period a tract or
treatise.
In homiletics, attention is directed to homilies preached before a Christian congregation in the
framework of a Christian service. The root idea of the word “Homiletics” have to do with
conversation and discourse and also with the kind of informal discussion that provides for
questions and answers. Homiletics is the art of preaching and preaching is the communication
of truth.
The scope of Homiletics.
1. The art and science of preaching.
2. The essential qualification of a preacher.
3. The urgency and necessity for preaching.
4. The importance of preaching.
5. Systematic preparation and arrangement of the preaching material.
6. Stylistic considerations.
7. Effective delivery and presentation.
8. Securing reception of the message.
The Basic Principle Governing Homiletics.
1. A conviction of the need, relevance power and importance of preaching.
2. Adequate preparation of the preacher.
3. Thoughtful preparation of the sermon.
4. Logical arrangement of the material.
5. Forceful presentation and delivery of the message.
6. An awareness of the audience.
7. Constant practice in the art of preaching and a thorough knowledge of the basic
techniques which make such aptitudes function best.
8. A good comprehension of the principles of rhetoric (theory) and oratory (practice).
9. Diligence, discipline, hard work and practice to develop the skill (cultivation of
homiletic habit).
10. A greater cultivation of spiritual qualities that are fundamental to preaching.
A Golden Rule: “There can be no impression without a corresponding expression”.
Homiletics in the Bible.
The bible contains preaching and homiletics.
1. The prophetic writings show an intimate acquaintance with literary exactness and the
power of right language. The prophets used apt illustration and metaphors. They made
their messages live for their hearers. Homiletics was not neglected in the “Schools of
the prophets".
2. Wisdom literature uses language as an expressive art. The book of Proverbs has a
formal introduction, revealing the aims of the Book. In Ecclesiastes (“The Preacher”)
Solomon is a powerful preacher. His word selection and choice of figures of speech
are designed to communicate, clarify and motivate. Solomon was deeply aware of the
power of words. He wrote “like apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in
right circumstances (Prov.25:11).
3. Jesus is the peerless teacher and preacher of the ages. “No man spoke like this man”.
Defence, argument, logic, explanation, illustration, parables and metaphors etc, were
tools of His dynamic communication.
4. Stephen’s Sermon in Acts 7, Peter’s Sermon at Pentecost in Acts 2, and Paul’s
Athenian address in Acts 17 all have classic homiletical skill and style. Eventhough
Paul did not use the bombastic eloquence of his time (I Cor.1:17; 2:1) his messages
show evidence of most careful and controlled expression.
5. In Paul’s epistles to Timothy a premium is placed on teaching and preaching ability.
Paul encourages precision in word selection effective communication, careful
preparation and delivery so as to motivate response. Timothy is exhorted to teach for
results (II Tim.2:2, 15, 16, 24; 1:13; I Tim.3:2; 4:13-16; 5:17).
Some Basic Tips on Communication.
1. In communication three things are basic- sender, receiver and a message/ an idea (or)
the speaker, audience and the message.
2. Communication process begins in the mind of the speaker (sender).
3. Different means are used by the sender. Eg: spoken, written, electronic etc.
4. There are several barriers to communication. Eg: Poor language, lack of volume,
situational hindrances, poor delivery, lack of proper arrangement of the material etc.
5. Human perception is a subjective process governed by a person’s life orientation.
6. The message receive need not be the same as the message sent.
7. Effective communicators are always mindful of the response of others to their
messages.
8. The more you know about other people’s life orientations, the more accurate your
predictions about their responses.
9. Verbal as well as non-verbal cues are included in the process of communication.
10. Communication evokes cognitive and affective meanings in others. Actually
communication is with the intent of evoking such response.
The Functions of Language.
1. Informative- Report information.
2. Interrogative- Get information.
3. Directive- Giving orders.
 4. Expressive- Giving vent to your feelings.
5. Evocative- creating emotions in the other person.
The “APAF” Model as the Four Basic Concepts in Communication.
Analysis: Analysis is a Way of identifying and organizing the elements in a situation so that
you can understand better what is going on.
Prediction- Prediction involves looking to the future and deciding what communication
actions might be most effective.
Action- Use your communication skills to act on your predictions.
Feedback- feedback is a process of observing and interpreting others verbal and nonverbal
responses to your communications, thus gaining the information you need to determine how
successful you were in achieving your objective.
Exercise for review, Discussion and further study.
1. Define “Homiletics”.
2. What are the basic principles governing homiletics?
3. Trace the Homiletical principles in the Bible.
4. Write a brief essay on communication.
5. List and explain the functions of language.
6. Summarize the “APAF” model in communication.
 LESSON:3 EXPOSITORY PREACHING.
Expository preaching is the most effective form of bible preaching. By expounding God’s
word, the expository sermon fulfils the primary function of preaching. In expository sermon
we preach the word of God which results in regeneration, transformation and spiritual
maturity of the hearers. “For the word of God is living and active and sharper than any two
edged sword and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow,
and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart” (Heb.4:12).
Ezra 7:10; Neh.8:1-8; Acts 8:30-35; II Tim.4:2; Lk.24:44-45, etc. exemplify the importance,
spirit and practice of expository preaching. Ezra had set his heart to study, practise and teach
the law of the Lord. He read the Law with explanation. “And they read from the law of God,
translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading” (Neh.8:8). Philip preached
the Gospel to the Ethiopian eunuch expositorily- expounding Isa.53. Paul encouraged
Timothy to “Preach the word”. Jesus gave a thematic exposition of Himself to the disciples
on the road to Emmaus.
Definition: Here are some Excellent definition of expository preaching.
1. “Expository preaching is the communication of a biblical concept, derived from and
transmitted through a historical, grammatical, and literary study of a passage in its
context, which the Holy Spirit first applies to the personality and experience of the
preacher, then through him to his hearers".
2. “Expository preaching is the contemporization of the central proposition of a biblical
text that is derived from proper methods of interpretation and declared through
effective means of communication to inform minds, instruct hearts and influence
behaviour toward godliness.”
3. “An expository sermon is one in which a more or less extended portion of scripture is
interpreted in relation of one theme or central idea. The bulk of the material for the
sermon is drawn directly from the passage and the outline consists of a series of
progressive ideas centered around that one main idea.
4. " Expository preaching is preaching that explains a biblical text in its context with
proper interpretation and logical amplification there by bringing out its central truth
and applying it to the hearers".
Explanation.
1. Exposition means opening up. It comes from two Latin words: “Ex”- out, and
“Pono”= to place. It is placing out, displaying or exhibiting. In expository sermon the
truth of the selected scripture portion is placed out or displayed.
2. It is preaching the Bible; it is bible centered preaching. All the extra- Biblical material
employed must be purely subsidiary and strictly fitted into one single aim: to
elucidate the portion of scripture chosen.
3. Expository preaching is preaching that expounding the scripture as coherent and
coordinated body of revealed truth.
4. It is biblically instructive preaching.
5. It is the detailed interpretation. Logical amplification and practical application of a
passage of scripture.
6. It lays open the Bible so that men are confronted by its truth.
 7. The substance of expository sermon is derived from the scriptures.
8. It will be occupied largely with the explanation of scripture.
9. In expository preaching the preacher subjects his thoughts to the scriptures and he
never subjects the scriptures to his thought.
10. It is preaching the word of God as it is to men as they are.
The Essential Characteristics of Expository Messages.
Expository preaching is more a philosophy than a method. There is no single method for
expository preaching. But there are certain discernible characteristics in all expository
preaching.
Liefeld Identifies five essential characteristics of all true expository messages.
1. An expository message deals with one basic passage of scripture. Reference to other
scripture is subordinate to the exposition of the main passage.
2. An expository message has hermeneutical integrity. It is faithful to the text. It
reproduces the significant elements of the passage in the same balance and with the
same intention as that of the original author.
3. An expository message has Cohesion. Cohesion holds the parts, truth and
imperatives of the passage together. Unless there is cohesion. The value of the parts is
lost for the lack of a whole.
4. An expository message has movement and direction. The hearer is to be moved in
the direction intended by the biblical author. Repetition of words various expressions
of emotion are among others, ways movement and direction can be expressed.
5. An expository message has application. Without application, it is only exposition, not
expository preaching. It is information, not a message.
Five minimal elements that identify expository preaching is given by Mayhue.
1. The message finds its sole source in scripture.
2. The message is extracted from scripture through careful exegesis.
3. The message preparation correctly interprets scriptures in its normal sense and its
context.
4. The message clearly explains the original God-intended meaning of scripture.
5. The message applies the Scripture meaning for today.
The Advantage of Expository Preaching.
1. In expository preaching we preach God’s word and His truth. Therefore subjectivism
is minimized.
2. It magnifies the inspiration and authority of God’s word.
3. It gives us an opportunity to preach the whole counsel of God (Acts 20:27), thereby
enabling us to preach on many passages which would otherwise be neglected.
4. It gives us the golden opportunity to study and understand the Bible systematically.
This applies to both preacher and hearer.
5. It gives the preacher authority and power, because he is proclaiming the word of God.
6. It provides variety and a store house of preaching material.
7. It delivers the preacher from fanciful interpretations and abuse of isolated texts.
8. It prevents the insertion of human ideas and cultural bias.
 9. Expositional preaching imitates the preaching of Christ, the apostles and the great
preachers of the Christian Church.
10. It furnishes a good model for future preachers.
11. It enhances the dignity of preaching.
12. Expository preaching meets human needs enabling people to think spiritually and live
biblically.
What Expository Preaching is not.
1. Expository preaching is not verse-by-verse commentary or exegesis.
2. It is not suggestions, remarks, inferences or simple devotional applications from a
passage.
3. It is not a survey of a passage.
4. It is not linking of a number of passages to bring out a theme.
A good expository sermon includes commentary, exegesis, comparison and application, but
with cohesion. Logical order and thematic development or the passage as a whole.
According to Liefeld, there are three characteristics of a good expository sermon.
1. It conveys the basic message of a biblical passage faithfully.
2. It communicates this message well, using a structure and features that are appropriate
both to the passage and to the setting and goals of the sermon.
3. It meets the real needs of the congregation in a way consistent with the purpose and
function of the passage in its original setting and is preached by a spirit-filled servant
of God.
Liefeld further identifies three concerns:
1. Hermeneutics (the biblical concern of the teacher).
2. Homiletics (the practical concern of the preacher).
3. Human need (the personal concern of the pastor).
And the barest outline of the three would be:
1. Facts.
2. Form.
3. Function.
The Need for Expository Preaching.
Since expository preaching is Bible-cantered preaching it conveys God’s plans, will and truth
for our lives. It is the authoritative declaration of the word and will of God toward meeting
human needs. There is a great need all around for the liberating power of God’s word.
Congregations are hungry for the true Bread. Only Good Expository preaching can feed the
spiritually hungry.
Lectures, discourses, entertainment, ritualism and formalism fill the pulpit today leading the
church to spiritual poverty, powerlessness and lukewarmness. A church that fails to preach
the word becomes an easy prey to all the secular and humanistic ideologies. The church has
imbibed the worldly philosophy of pragmatism. Evangelicalism at the end of the twentieth
century is tasting the bitter results of worldliness. The root cause of the problem is the neglect
of biblical preaching.
The foundation of a pastoral ministry is built upon the word of God (II Tim.4:1-5). Preaching
of the word must be the very heart of our ministry. We are called to preach powerful
messages than popular messages. Are we ashamed of the very message we are commanded to
preach?
Expository preaching is needed because it affirms biblical theology. It sets us limits in our
content and theology. Expository preaching can serve as a protection against improper
interpretation of scripture. It avoids faulty hermeneutics. It avoids the errors of
“Spiritualizing” and “allegorizing” the text. Expository preaching properly interprets the text.
This in turn brings out the actual meaning of the passage and helps to make proper
application in life.
Expository preaching is most exacting discipline. Perhaps that is why it is so rare… the
systematic preaching of the word is impossible without the systematic study of it… we must
daily soak ourselves in the scripture… “it is blessed”, wrote C.H. Spurgeon, to eat into the
very soul of the Bible until, at last, you come to talk in scripture language, and your spirit is
flavoured with the words of the Lord so that your blood is bibline and the very essence of the
bible flows from you.
Exegesis and Exposition.
Exegesis and exposition play a very important role in expository preaching. An effective
expositor is first effective exegete. Hermeneutics assumes proper exegesis and exegesis
precedes exposition.
The term “Exegesis” comes from the Greek word “exegeomai” which means “interpretation”
or “explanation”. The primary concern of exegesis is in understanding a text and determining
its meaning in its historical and literary context. “Exegesis is best thought of as a systematic
was of interpreting a text… its goal, however is quite simple: to reach an informed
understanding of the text”. Exegesis has been defined as “the critical or technical application
of hermeneutical principles to a biblical text in the original languages with a view to the
exposition or declaration of its meaning.
Exegesis is the actual process of interpretation, while hermeneutics consists of the principles
of interpretation.
Zuck has summarized the relation between exegesis an exposition;
Exegesis is the study in private, and exposition is the presentation in public. Exegesis is done
in the study exposition is done in pulpit or at the teachers desk or podium. The primary
concern in exegesis is an understanding of a biblical text, whereas the primary concern of
exposition is the communication of the meaning of the test.
“exegesis is thus a means to an end, a step toward exposition. Exegesis is more technical and
basic to exposition, which is more practical.
In expository preaching biblical text is central and for this reason exegesis is a fundamental
prerequisite. But at the same time exegesis and exposition are two distinct activities. The
exegetical task comes before the preaching task. Exegesis is a part of the careful preparation
and study of the expository. It deals with the original languages and builds upon sound
hermeneutical principles in analysing the text. It incorporates a study of words, usages and
lexical details. But all this task builds toward a solid bible exposition. Zuck compares
hermeneutics to a cookbook. “Exegesis is the preparing and baking of the cake, and
exposition is serving the cake".
The preparation of the expositor is dependent on the leading of the Holy Spirit, so is his
exegetical labour. In the exegetical process the Holy Spirit has to illuminate the mind and
thinking of the “exegete-expositor.” He needs divine guidance in the selection of material
from the exegetical research to transmit to his listeners. Bible exposition is based on through
exegesis.
In the process of relating exegesis to exposition. Thomas gives a word of caution:
A major precaution to observation is not to preach exegetical data from the pulpit.
Because the expositor has been enlightened so much by what he has discovered, his initial
impulse may be to pass on to his people the excitement of his discovery in the same
terminology as he received it. This is a major mistake. Very few in the pew have a
background sufficient to enable them to comprehend the kind of technical date derived from
exegesis. So the minister of the word must adapt his explanations to suit the vocabulary and
interest level of those to whom he speaks. He must develop a technique of conveying in the
language of a non-specialist what he has learned from his specialized analysis. How he does
so may vary. It may be through paraphrase, description, analogy, illustration, or in a
multitude of other ways. Yet he must explain the text in a way that is interesting and
understandable to his people. This explanation is the core of bible exposition.
Key New Testament Words Related To Expository Preaching.
1. “Kerusso”- Preach, proclaim or publish (Matt.3:1; 4:17; Acts 28:31: II Tim.4:2).
2. “Didasko”- teach or give instruction (Matt.28:20; Jn.14:26; I Tim.6:2; II Tim.2:2.
3. “euaggelizo”- Preach the Gospel, proclaim the good news (Acts 13:22; 15:35;
Rom.10:15).
4. “laleo”- Speak (Jn.3:34; 8:25; 16:6; Acts 3:22; I Cor.9:8).
5. “anagello”- declare or announce (jn.4:25; Acts 20:27; I Jn.1:5). The related verbs;
“apagello”, “diagello”, “katagello”, and “paragello”.
6. “Exegeomai”- Lead out, declare or rehearse (Lk.24:35; Acts 15:12,14).
7. “Diermeneuo”- Interpret, explain or expound (Lk.24:27; Acts 9:36).
8. “dianoigo”- Open up completely, explain ( Lk.24:32,45).
9. “dialegomai”- Discuss, discourse with or argue (Acts 17:17; Heb.12:5).
10. “hodegeo”- lead or guide ( Acts 8:31; Jn.16:13).
11. “ektithemi”- set out, expose or explain (Acts 18:36; 28:23).

Exercise for review, discussion and further study.

1. What is expository preaching? Define and explain in your own words.

2. What are the advantages of expository preaching?
3. How will you identify an expository sermon?
4. Is there a need for expository preaching today? Defend your response.
5. Explain the difference between exegesis and exposition.
 6. List and study the New Testament words related to Expository preaching.

LESSON: 4. THE PREACHER; HIS CALL AND QUALIFICATIONS.

“Character before career.” We cannot divorce the preacher from his preaching. Preaching is
proclaiming “truth through personality.” It is said that the “man is his message”; the
“preacher is his proclamation”: the “speaker is his sermon”.

Paul reminded Timothy: “Pay close attention to yourself and to your teaching; persevere in
these things; for as you do this, you will insure salvation both for yourself and for those who
hear you” (I Tim.4:16).

Behind the act of preaching there lies conviction about the call and qualifications to preach.
The blessing and call of God in a preacher’s life give him boldness and authority in his
proclamation. There is no requirement more essential for the preacher than the spiritual
requirement.

His Call.

Throughout biblical history God called and commissioned His prophets and apostles.
Christian ministry is God-Ordained. God’s call and blessing make the foundation for the
ministerial task.

The call of God is experienced usually through a growing conviction based on scriptural
principles. Examples in God’s words verify it. In addition, the assurance of the call may be
experienced through the effectiveness of our ministry, counsel of mature believers and
sometimes leading of the circumstances (the divine ordering of God’s providences). The
“call” is confirmed and communicated to the soul by the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit works
in different ways with different people. But the leading of the Holy Spirit in the matter of the
“call” is of paramount importance. It is the most important thing in determining God’s call.

It makes time and discipline to ascertain God’s will in the matter of God’s call. To ascertain
and sense this with confidence, one must bring life into conformity to God’s principles. The
mind must be renewed day by day. “I urge you therefore, brethren by the mercies of God, to
present your bodies a living and holy sacrifice, acceptable to God, which is your spiritual
service of worship. And do not be conformed to this world but be transformed by the
renewing of your mind that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and
acceptable and perfect” (Rom.12:1-2).

The call to Christian service (whether it is preaching or other Ministries) can come only from
God through His Holy Spirit. His word gives principles and examples (Moses-Exo.3:1-2;
Samuel-I Sam.3:1-18; Isaiah- Isa.6:1-13; Jeremiah- Jer.1:4-10; Paul- Acts 9:1-22; Gala-1:1,
15-17). One can also recall hundreds of examples in the history of missions. Many of us have
experienced God’s call and can testify to it.

The call to Christian service should be confirmed by the local church of which the individual
is a member. The method and process of confirmation may vary. But there should be some
kind of confirmation. This principle is prominent in the New Testament (Acts 13:2; 16:2).

Those who are not called to a full-time ministry also, may preach and teach the word of God.
But he also must know that God has called him to preach/teach His word and that God has
equipped him with the necessary ability (spiritual gift) to effectively function in his role. He
cannot exempt himself from an earnest, study and thorough preparation for his pulpit
ministry.

No preacher ought to be without the divine assurance and confirmation of his call to preach
the word.

The preacher’s call is always personal, definite, with the inward urge and confirmation of the
Holy Spirit with the resultant blessing in ministry and confirmed by the local church.

His qualification.

the most essential requirements of an expositor is his spiritual qualifications. It is the spiritual
element that is of utmost importance in his life and ministry.

Unger gives seven spiritual qualifications of an expositor:

1. The expositor as a regenerated believer.

2. The expositor as spirit-filled and spirit-taught.
3. The expositor as divinely called and commissioned.
4. The expositor as a man of exemplary Christian character.
5. The expositor as a man of prayer.
6. The expositor as a student of the word.
7. The expositor as a man of spiritual gift.

Gibbs outlines seven qualifications of the preacher;

1. He must be regenerated.
2. He must love the Lord Jesus.
3. He must love souls.
4. He must be a student of the bible.
5. He must be a man of prayer.
6. He must be clean in life.
7. He must be fit for the work (spiritually, physically, mentally and educationally).
All the above qualification can e summarized in five essential requirements. The expositor
must be:
1. A man of God.
2. A man of the word.
 3. A man of character.
4. A man of prayer.
5. A man of ability.
These are the essential qualifications of a preacher. Preaching is not merely a profession or
means of livelihood. It is a divine calling, a holy responsibility. He must be called and
commissioned by God. He must study the word of God diligently and systematically. His
moral character must be exemplary; a man of good testimony and report.
He must renew his strength ( Isa.40:31) in preaching by prayer and waiting upon the Lord. A
prayerless ministry is both powerless and profitless. He must be spirit-filled and have the
divine bestowment of spiritual gift or gifts for the ministry.
Expository preaching demands the very best in a person. He must be thoroughly fit for this
great work. Divine call and commission to preach, deserves our best-in character, study,
preparation and commitment. “my utmost for His highest”.
Exercise for review, discussion and further study.
Outline and explain your convictions on the call and qualification of a preacher and defend it
biblically and theologically.
LESSON:5 THE PREPARATION PROCESS.
“Habitually to come into the pulpit unprepared is unpardonable presumption”- C.H.
Spurgeon.
Preparation is indispensable in expository preaching. Great preachers have always felt the
compelling need for conscientious preparation. Without adequate preparation there is no good
preaching. Analysis, interpretation, outlining, and illustration are all combined in expositional
preaching. Thorough preparation is needed in all these areas.
The “how” of preparation is a very subjective process. Every preacher has to work out his
own method of preparation. There is no prescribed “one-way method”. Nevertheless, we will
probe into some guidelines for sermon preparation that is common and practical. We can
identify at least six stages in the preparation of expository sermons.
1. Select the text.
Any part of the bible selected for an expository sermon is called the “text”. It may be one
verse, a short paragraph, a lengthy narrative, a complete section or an entire chapter.
Vital guidelines governing the SELECTION of text;
a. The time allowed for the sermon must be first considered in selecting a text. Can this
text/passage be preached within the given times?
b. Choose a text from where you have learned some spiritual lessons in your own life.
The text must be personally appealing to the preacher.
c. Recognize the leading of the Holy Spirit in selecting the text.
d. The text should express a complete thought.
e. Limitations of the preacher’s capabilities should be kept in mind.
f. The text should be selected with one’s audience in mind.
g. Texts may be selected according to the events and seasons in the church calendar.
h. The text may be determined in the light of the major events that are happening in our
nation or tin the world.
i. The text helps us to focus our attention on the word of God. It gives authority to our
message and makes our preaching “biblical Preaching”.

2. Study the Text.

Fruitful study of text demands quality time and great effort. In this study of the text the
expositor seeks to rightly divide the word.
Vital guidelines governing the STUDY of the Text.
a. Begin the study with prayerful meditation.
b. Read the text several times preferably in two or three good translations.
c. Apply the three basic principles of Bible study-observation, interpretation and
application.
d. Determine the meaning of the text in its context through proper exegesis. This may
require some exegetical tools-original language, grammar, lexicon, concordance,
commentary, etc.
 e. Determine the central idea.
f. Analyse the structure of the passage. Use of language tools and diagramming the
passage can be helpful here.
g. Put together an exegetical outline (not the sermon outline) that will highlight the
overall structure and organization of the passage.
h. All through the study process pray for illumination and discernment.

3. Focus on the “Big Idea”.

The “Big Idea” is the “dominant thought”, “thesis” “central idea” or “proposition” of
the text.
Vital guidelines governing the “BIG IDEA”
a. A good expository sermon embodies a “Big Idea” which is the single all-
encompassing concept of the sermon.
b. Ideally each sermon is the explanation, interpretation or application of a single
dominant idea supported by other ideas, all drawn from one passage or several
passages of scripture.
There are two essential elements in the statement of an idea (concept).
I. Subject- the complete, definite answer to the question, what am I talking about?
II. Complement- The answer to the question, what exactly am I say about what I’m
talking about?
c. The “big idea” is the most striking truth in the text. It is the “heart” of the text.
d. It is the major truth the preacher proposes to expound in his sermon.
e. Ask the question; what is its thrust?
f. Write out the “big idea” in your own words in a full sentence.
g. Remember that through careful reading, study and meditation of the passage the “big
Idea” will disclose itself.

4. Decide the Purpose of the Sermon.

The purpose of the sermon controls our further preparation and delivery of the sermon. Now
at this point the expositor already knows his text, he has studied and analysed it and he also
has isolated the “big idea”. The next step is to find out and articulate the purpose in clear
terms. This is sometimes called the “purpose Bridge” or the “Brain” of the sermon.
Vital guidelines governing the “ PURPOSE”;
1. “Purpose” is the key link from the text to sermon.
2. On the basis of the “big idea” what does God want my audience to know and obey as
a result of hearing this message? The answer to this question is the “purpose” of the
sermon.
3. To formulate an effective “purpose”, the expositor should know the needs and
condition of the audience.
4. The sermon’s “purpose” should be compatible with the “purpose” of the text.
 5. The “purpose” of the sermon stems from the “homiletical idea”. The homiletical idea
is “the statement of a biblical concept in such a way that it accurately reflects the
Bible and meaningfully relates to the congregation”.
6. The “Purpose” must be legitimately drawn from the text.

5. Outline the Sermon.

Outlining the sermon is an important part of structuring the sermon.
Vital guidelines governing OUTLINING:
a. It helps the expositor to give proper attention to the major affirmations of the biblical
text.
b. It keeps our attention focused on the passage.
c. The outline organize our thoughts into definite structure making it more
communicable.
d. Sermon outline should serve the dominant thought/ “Big Idea”.
e. The outline is the blue print of the sermon.
f. An outline serves at least four purpose. “First it clarifies in the speaker’s eye and mind
the relationship between the parts of a sermon. Second, the speaker views his sermon
as a whole and thereby heightens his sense of unity. An outline also crystallizes the
order of ideas so that the listener will be given them in the appropriate sequence.
Finally the preacher recognizes the places in the outline requiring additional
supporting material to develop his points”.
g. Outlines consists of the three main parts or divisions of a sermon- introduction, body
or discussion and the conclusion. In “Outlining” we are dealing with the body
structure.
h. Outline will have main points and subpoints. Subpoints or secondary points elaborate
the main points.
i. The outline always helps to present the truth systematically. Truth systematically
presented will always be far more effective than truth heterogeneously presented.
j. The outline is not an objective in itself, but is just an aid to the objective, which is to
present the teaching of the passage in relation to the subject.
k. The outline must always be deduced from the passage in hand. Never arrange an
outline and then endeavour to make the passage fit the outline.
l. Remember that a good outline is the “skeleton” of the sermon.
m. The outline should exhibit unity, order and progress.
n. The sermon outline is based on the major divisions of the exegetical outline (see no. 2
study the text).
o. Continuity is the primary advantage of the outline. Let the points line up with your
subject.
p. Originality is most desirable in outlining. You may study or look into some model
outlines. But try to compose your own outline.
6. Add the introduction and conclusion:
In the total design-structure of the Sermon (Introduction, Body, and Conclusion), we have
already worked on the body (outlining of the main body of the sermon). Now we need to top
and tail’ the body with a proper introduction and a conclusion.
Vital principles governing the INTRODUCTION:
1. Introduction prepares the audience for the body of the sermon. It arouses interest,
curiosity and capture attention as the sermon begins.
2. Introduction essential.
3. Avoid lengthy introduction. It should be neither too long nor too short.
4. “well begun is half done” is good counsel on introduction.
5. It may be called the “crucial five minutes” of the sermon.
6. It should be simple and modest.
7. A good introduction should introduce the main theme of the sermon.
8. An introduction should not promise more than it delivers.
9. The impact of the introduction may even shape the final effect of a message.
10. The introduction will put the preacher and the audience in step with each other.
11. Use creativity and variations. Ex; Biographical illustrations, striking quotations,
contemporary problems, hymns, poems, fictional stories, personal experiences,
historical illustrations, something from the text of the sermon itself, etc.
12. The introduction answers every listener’s unspoken question, “why should I listen to
this message?”
13. The introduction to a sermon is like the prelude to a poem and the preface to a book.
14. Ask the question: does the introduction actually and clearly “introduce” the theme of
your message?
15. Humour has its own place. But a word of caution: “use humour carefully. If it directs
attention to the idea, laughter serves as a splendid tool. When it merely entertains,
humour makes the sermon seem like a let-down. In facing a new audience, humour
helps a speaker build a bridge, but too many jokes may cause them to write him off as
a comedian. When humour is used, therefore it should relate the audience to the
minister or his message”.
16. Sometimes, Pre-introductory comments may be necessary, Eg: a word of compliment,
acknowledgment, gratitude, announcement, etc.
Ramesh Richard summarizes the four goals of an effective introduction:
1. To get the attention of the audience.
2. To raise a pertinent need.
3. To orient the audience to the theme.
4. To state the purpose of the sermon.
The great sermons of the Bible set examples of good introduction (Act 2:14-21; 3:12; 4:8-9;
10:34-35; 7:2; 13:16-23; 17:22-23; 22:1-5; 24:10; 26:1-3).
7. Vital guidelines governing CONCLUSION;
1. The conclusion is just as important, perhaps even more so, than the introduction.
2. Plan your conclusion, know when and where to stop, and then stop.
 3. The conclusion should really conclude the message. Bring the message to a
conclusion in such a manner that the people feel that nothing more needs to be said.
Avoid prolonging your conclusion.
4. Make the conclusion short, simple, clear and specific.
5. Do not add new materials while concluding.
6. It should be pointed.
7. It should be varied. Eg; a hymn, poem, quotation, prayer, a searching question, a
verse, a challenge, an incident, a story, etc.
8. Conclusion should be solemn enough to drive home the message.
9. Direct the conclusion to challenge and to change.
10. Don’t give your conclusion before you get to the conclusion.
11. Don’t try multiple conclusions.
12. Build the sermon to a climax and then conclude.
13. The purpose of the conclusion is to recapitulate, review, exhort, call, challenge,
comfort and to explain the major application truth of the sermon (All application
should not be left to the end. It should be made as we move on).
14. The conclusion has to prevail on people to take action.
G. Campbell Morgan’s guidelines on conclusion deserve our attention. He writers.
A conclusion must conclude. And in order to conclude well it must include. In order to
conclude perfectly, it must also preclude. When we are concluding we are concluding. We
are bringing everything to an end. A conclusion must include the things which have been
said, as to their spiritual and moral impact and appeal; and it must preclude the possibility
that those who listen may escape from the message, so far as is possible.
We have suggested six steps in the preparation process of the sermon.
These six steps are:
a. Select the text.
b. Study the text.’
c. Focus on the “Big Idea”
d. Decide the purpose of the sermon.
e. Outline the sermon.
f. Add the introduction and conclusion.
The most important thing about the sermon still remains- delivery or presentation: the actual
preaching. Bet without good preparation there is no good preaching.
All our preparation have to be soaked in prayer. After the preparation and before the
presentation we need to pray over our message. The priority of prayer can never be
minimized inn expository preparation and preaching.
Three other matters that are related to the preparation process (but not included as the main
steps) need to be considered. They are title, illustrations and manuscript.
8. Title of a sermon.
The design- structure or “form” of the sermon begins with the title followed by
introduction, body and conclusion.
 The title is an “advertisement” for the sermon. A good title captures the attention of the
audience. A good title is always helpful and needed. But one does not have to spend too
much time for title- searching.
Guidelines for choosing a title:
a. Let the title reflect the main theme or content of the message.
b. The title should not obscure the content.
c. It should be simple and communicate well. It should serve the purpose of a title.
d. The title should complement the message.
e. The title should provide a good “atmosphere” to the sermon.
f. A title could be put in the form of a question, a phrase, in terms of interesting
topics or it could be related to some special occasion.
9. Illustrations.
The main purpose of the illustrations is to clarify the truths in the message. Illustrations
are used to add light to the sermon, not length. Illustrations though necessary, are
secondary in importance.
Guideline for illustration:
a. Illustrations should be used to explain, clarify and validate the truth of the sermon.
b. Illustrations help nail down a truth impressively.
c. Illustrations render truth believable.
d. Illustrations aid our memory.
e. Illustrations stir emotion and hold attention.
f. Illustrations should clearly illustrate.
g. Illustrations can present the truth without wearying the listeners.
h. Illustrations should be understandable and make sense to the audience.
i. Illustrations should be appropriate to the theme of the sermon.
j. Illustrations should be convincing.
k. Illustrations should be used at the right place, at the right time, and for the right
purpose.
l. Illustrations catch the hearing of the disinterested.
m. Don’t use an illustration just because it is good and your “favourite”. It should
illustrate your point.
n. Be discriminating and choosy. Some illustrations may not be appropriate in some
places and to some audience.
o. There are several sources of illustrations. Your personal life is a good source. But it
should be true and modest. Don’t “exaggerate”, “manufacture” or “brag” about.
p. Do not repeat the same illustrations (old stock) before the same audience.
q. Try to collect, write down or file illustration for appropriate use.
A.P. Gibbs Quotes Henry Ward Beecher’s seven -fold purpose of illustrations.
1. they assist argument.
2. they help the hearer to remember.
3. they stimulate the imagination.
4. they rest the audience.
5. they provide for various classes of hearers.
6. They bridge difficult places.
7. they enforce the truth.
Too many illustrations may “Steal” your time from the exposition. The very nature of
expository preaching precludes too many illustration. Use them sparingly. Exposition of the
text is your main task. Where explanations are difficult you need illustrations.
10. Manuscript and Notes.
It is always good to write down the sermon at the end of our study and preparation. It
helps us to review and rethink the sermon. Especially for the beginners in expository
preaching this is a very valuable exercise. We become thorough with the message by
writing it down.
In expository preaching we should not read the manuscript nor recall it from our mind
after memorizing it. This is not the purpose of the manuscript in expository preaching.
Even if we take the manuscript to the pulpit (better not), do not read it from the pulpit.
You may occasionally refer to it.
The main advantage of writing out the manuscript is to internalize the sermon and to
brighten your memory. It will also enhance your confidence in the delivery. If you have
the manuscript, you can add to it in the future, remove any material that is irrelevant, edit
it and keep it for publishing.
For the purpose of pulpit use in expository preaching “notes” are far better than
manuscript. Notes gives us valuable “memory clues”, help us in timing our points and
controls the development of the sermon. Do not become slaves to your notes. A good
expositor will feel the freedom to depart from the notes. Since he had studied the text
very well and derived a message directly from the text, the text itself will help him to
move on in his Sermon.
There can be no fixed rules for the use of manuscript or notes. We should be careful to
avoid extremes. Nevertheless in expository preaching notes are preferable to manuscript
in the pulpit.

Exercise for review , discussion and further study.

1. List and explain the ten steps of sermon preparation.
2. Why will you use illustrations?
3. What would you prefer when you preach; a manuscript or notes? Why?
LESSON:6. PREACHING THE SERMON.
The passion to preach the word is engendered by the Holy Spirit in the preacher’s heart. But
he needs motivation and information to develop and exercise his skill for preaching. The
disciplined preacher will give himself to constant improvement in the area of sermon delivery
and pulpit communication.
A sermon becomes alive only when preached. “A sermon ineptly delivered arrives stillborn.”
What we say and how we say (the matter and manner) are important in a sermon. Verbal and
non-verbal language play a very important role in the delivery of a sermon. A good message
can be easily spoiled because of poor delivery. The message may be marred in the hands of
the messenger. All expository preachers should work toward a compelling delivery.
What are some of the important factors that characterize a quality delivery of the sermon? We
will try to answer that question now.
1. Reading the Bible Text.
Reading the bible text is not a factor in the actual delivery of the sermon. But it is related
to the presentation of your message. A good expositor will declare the text that he is
preaching. Before you actually begin the sermon you may announce the text (atleast two
times) and give the congregation a moment to locate it. Read the text legibly, clearly and
audibly so that the audience may follow the reading meaningfully. The pitch of your
voice and your emphasis may highlight the main points in the text. The verse that embody
the textual clue to your message may be reread. Read the pertinent verses again as you are
expounding it.
In some congregations the scripture reading is done in the early part of the service, or
before the preacher gets up to preach. But in an expository sermon it is always good that
the expositor himself reads the text/passage. An experienced expositor may occasionally
want somebody else read the scripture for him. But for a beginner, reading the text before
the congregation is always preferred. Reading the bible text can alert us to the word of
God, to the preaching context and prepare the ground for listening to the exposition. The
expositor’s mind and memory are also refreshed by reading the bible text.
2. Language.
a. The language used in preaching should be contemporary (not archaic) clear, simple
and understandable without effort.
b. Language must clearly communicate the message.
c. Do not use scholastic language (to impress) at the expense of our listeners.
d. Choose words most people in your congregation will understand.
e. Avoid long sentences with too many words. Make it short and sweet.
f. The language should be grammatically correct.
g. Improve your “word power” by adding new words to your vocabulary.
h. Use words that will exactly express the meaning.
i. The words should be correctly pronounced.
j. Avoid verbosity.
k. Remember: language is the incarnation of thought/thoughts clothed with words.
3. Voice.
“The human voice is the God-given medium by which God-given message is conveyed
through a God-given messenger to accomplish a God-given purpose”.
a. The effective use of voice helps in the effective communication of the message.
b. A proper modulation of voice enhances communication. Modulation is determined by
word emphasis, sentence emphasis, and thought emphasis. A proper modulation
should make clear the division and connection of the sermon.
c. Voice projection should be characterized by life, enthusiasm, vibrancy and audibility.
d. Voice should be inflected to communicate feelings, question, command, challenge,
affirmation, solemnity, sorrow etc.
e. Speak loud enough so that everyone can hear well. If a sermon cannot be heard, it is a
wasted sermon.
f. Voice should be neither in very high pitch nor in too low pitch. The “middle register”
or medium pitch is the best option; especially in the beginning of the sermon. But the
pitch and tone may vary as the message progresses. The emphasis and emotion decide
the alteration of the pitch.
g. Let the voice be smooth and relaxed; not harsh, nasal or tense.
h. The preacher should not be a mumbler or an yeller.
i. In preaching we should avoid a monotone and also a rhythmic sing-song lullaby style.
j. Pause are necessary (“By your silence you shall speak”). Pauses give a brief
opportunity to think, feel and respond. It also adds to the solemnity of preaching.
k. Do not talk too fast that your audience can’t keep up. Vary the speed at a normal rate.
l. Do not be a “throat-clearer” throughout your sermon.
m. Improving one’s voice is an important matter in preaching.
4. Body Movement, Gestures, Facial Expression and Eye Contact.
The preacher communicates verbally and non-verbally. Body movement, gestures and
facial expression are the important factors in non-verbal communication.
a. A good preacher communicates through the movement of his body.
b. “ Standstill” or “ statue” style preaching is not usually appealing or effective.
c. Content should motivate movement and the movement should be natural. It should
not be pacing back and forth.
d. “If your movement comes from habit, stand still. If it comes from content, drop your
inhibitions and express it”.
e. Gestures explain, describe, picture and emphasize our speech.
f. Gestures help the audience to identify with the feeling of the preacher.
g. Gestures express your thought and purpose forcefully.
h. Use your gesture to enhance your verbal communication.
i. Use gestures naturally, skilfully and appropriately.
j. Let your gestures be proper in your culture and to your audience.
k. A speaker’s believability can be read on his facial expressions (atleast to an extent)
and also his nervousness.
l. Your face usually tell how you feel about the sermon, yourself and the audience.
m. A pleasant face is always desirable.
n. Smile when it is natural and appropriate.
 o. Let your face radiate the joy of the Lord and the enthusiasm of preaching God’s holy
word.
p. Constant eye contact with your audience must be maintained.
q. Remember that eye contact is the most effective means of nonverbal communication.
r. Eye contact is also important to get the attention of the audience.
s. Eye contact establishes personal contact with the listeners.
t. Eye contact enables the preacher to measure the response of the audience.
u. Like gestures, eye contact must be normal and natural.
v. Eye contact establishes a sense of directness.
w. Avoid all distracting mannerisms.
5. Time.
a. A preacher should plan his sermon within the allotted time.
b. Preachers should be disciplined and punctual to keep their time.
c. He should keep his promise of the time.
d. Do not make it a habit to apologize for overtime.
Let the Delivery be characterized by:
1. Passion.
2. Conviction.
3. Grace.
4. Enthusiasm.
5. Earnestness
6. Sincerity.
7. Humility.
8. Dignity.
9. Authority.
10. Keep humour in its right place. Do not become comedian on the pulpit.
11. Try to keep the solemnity of the occasion.
12. Avoid “naming”, “criticizing” and “Scolding” the audience. Do not bring
in the issues of the church or a group of believers before a mixed audience
of believers and unbelievers. Point out mistakes lovingly, truthfully,
gracefully and appropriately with a view to correction.
13. A preacher should be neat, modest and presentable in his dress and
appearance.
14. Preach for results.
MacArthur gives this “final charge” to preachers:
“when you mount the steps to the pulpit and are about to speak God’s word on His behalf, let
these exhortations come to mind.
a. Preach to honor God’s word.
b. Preach to reach the unconverted.
c. Preach to please God.
d. Preach to equip Christian for the work of the ministry.
e. Preach to be more effective this time than last.
f. Preach to bring conviction of sin and repentance.
g. Preach to compete with no one but yourself.
h. Preach to refresh the spiritually weary.
 i. Preach to exalt the Lord Jesus Christ.
The delivery of the sermon should be in the power of the Holy Spirit (Spirit-filled sermon).
Such a sermon will achieve its purpose-Christ’s name glorified; sinners saved and believers
edified.
“Every preacher needs to be both a Boanerges (having the courage to disturb) and a Barnabas
(having the charity to console)”. Some need to be disturbed from their complacency and
others need the comfort of God’s love. This can only be achieved by submitting to the spirit
and to the word. The Holy Spirit is the divine dynamic. Only His ministry can bring
transformation. All the mechanics, technique, preparation and style are in vain if the divine
dynamic is not at work in the preacher and the audience.
“Not by might nor by power but by my spirit, says the Lord of Hosts” (Zech.4:6).
Exercise for review, discussion and further study:
1. What are the most important factors in the delivery of a sermon. Discuss it in the
order of priority (you decide the order of priority).
2. Summarize in five sentences the characteristics of a good pulpit delivery.
3. Discuss the role of the Holy Spirit in preaching.
 s

LESSON:7 THE APPLICATION.

Application is the most important practical element of an expository message. A sermon is
preached for practical results; hence the paramount importance of application. Application is
the “Life” and “feeling” of the message. Bible is to be “lived and felt”. Application gives
expository preaching purpose and an expository always ponders about the application of his
message.
Definition.
Application is the rhetorical process by which the divine truth of the proclaimed word is
brought to relevancy to a person’s everyday life so as to demand a response from him.
“Application is the task of relating what God has said to modern man. This task involves
working with theological, historical and cultural factors”.
Explanation.
It is through the application of a message that the preacher relates to his congregation.
Application makes the sermon relevant. The meaning and significance of the truth to be
applied must be derived from the text itself. Application should meet the needs of the
congregation. A good expository sermon will always combine explanation of the passage and
relationship. Application should be made on the meaning of the text to its original audience
and commonality they share with the present audience. Consideration of the life setting of the
passage and its relationship to the needs of our times decides the applicational factor in a
sermon.
For proper application we need to determine what is normative for today. As Zuck has
written, “We must be careful not to generalize for today everything that happened in bible
times. This is especially true in narrative passages of the bible, which report experiences
peculiar to individuals in their isolated cases. Because God has done something in the past for
an individual does not mean we can expect them to do the same for us.
“we must see if the principle in the passage is taught elsewhere. If what happened to someone
in bible times is considered normative for all believers, it must be in harmony with what is
taught elsewhere in scripture”.
In an expository sermon the expositor is mindful of the original readers, circumstance and
purpose of the selected passage. At the same time, in the course of his exposition, he wants to
move away from the original circumstance to contemporary circumstance. It is in this
movement that he makes relevant applications.
In the procedure of applying the passages to the needs of the congregation Liefeld notes four
principles;
1. Consider which of the needs we are aware of truly correspond to the original purpose
and function of the passages chosen.
 2. Prayerfully determine what message God desires to convey through your ministry at
this time.
3. In faith decide what objective you can trust God to fulfil through this passage.
4. Construct the message, making of the passage is no way distorted by your application.
The application answers the question; now what do I do with God’s message to me in this
sermon? This basic question is followed by other searching questions: in the light of the truth
I have heard what kind of a person God wants me to be in my personal life, family life,
church life and social life? How does this truth affect my doctrines, ethics and morality?
These questions focus on the applications. As we expound the word of God faithfully and
prayerfully the Spirit of God moves in the hearts of the listeners to focus on the above
questions. Then the applicational focus becomes clear, leading to response.
Principles of Making Application.
a. Application is to make the text alive in contemporary life.
b. “Biblical exposition without application leads to spiritual constipation”.
c. Build application on sound exegesis and interpretation.
d. Relate the sermon to basic human problems and needs.
e. Determine what is normative for today.
f. Let the application properly answer the question. “so what?” (in the light of the truth
what should I do?).
g. Make the application specific or definite, it must not be vague and hazy. It is the Holy
Spirit that applies the message to the heart of people according to their needs. So the
applications will be multiplied far beyond what we highlight as application.
h. Application should be derived from the “big Idea” or “central proposition” of the
sermon.
The Time for the Application to be made.
a. Application is not “Conclusion”.
b. Do not wait till the conclusion to make the application. The main application truth
may be highlighted in the conclusion.
c. Application is made in connection with each spiritual truth discussed.
d. Sometimes application is made at the close of each subdivision or at the end of each
main division.
e. Let the truth expounded be applied as the sermon progresses.
f. When there is a sustained argument where each part is incomplete until the whole is
presented, it is better to reserve the application until the end.

Exercise for review, discussion and further study.

1. What are the major principles of making applications?
2. If you are preparing an expository sermon or sermons on the three parables in Luke
15 (lost sheep, lost coin, and lost son) what application would you make for each
parable?
3. Discuss: exposition and application should balance in an expository sermon.
4. When is the application to be made in the expository message?
LESSON:8 HERMENEUTICS AND EXPOSITORY PREACHING.
Hermeneutics is the Science and art of interpretation. The English Word “hermeneutics”
comes from the Greek verb Hermeneuo and the noun hermeneia. The basic meaning of the
word is “explanation” or “Translation”. It is the process of making clear something that was
unclear.
Homiletics in general and expository preaching in particular has a vital link to hermeneutics.
Homiletics is the science and art of communicating the meaning of the biblical text in a
preaching situation or through a discourse. The meaning of the biblical text can only be
determined through proper hermeneutics. Exegesis helps us to determine the meaning of the
biblical text in its historical and literary contexts.
Hermeneutics furnishes the principles for comprehending the content of the biblical text.
Through exegesis the content is comprehended. In exposition we communicate the content
with its relevance and application to our hearers. Before communication comes
comprehension: hence the vital link between hermeneutics and expository preaching.
Hermeneutical Perspective for the Preacher.
An expository preacher has to expound the word of God. He has to do it accurately and
truthfully. Ramm Writes.
The preacher is a minister of the word of God… His fundamental task in preaching is not to
be clever or sermonize or profound but to minister the truth of God…
The New Testament servant of Christ was not one free to preach as he wished, but one bound
to minister the truth of Christianity to preach the word of God, and to be a witness of the
Gospel.
Paul commands Timothy to be diligent “to present yourself approved to God as a workman
who does not need to be ashamed, handling accurately the word of Truth” (II Tim.2:15).
Apollos, the eloquent preacher from Alexandria, who was “mighty in the scriptures” was
“speaking and teaching accurately the things concerning Jesus” (Acts.18:24-25). The twofold
task of the minister of the word is (1) to preach the word of God. And (2)to interpret it
accurately, in order to accomplish this great task, he must know the science and art of
interpretation- hermeneutics. He must begin with.
1. The Context of the Text/ passage.
Observe and understand the context of the passage. The context includes the preceding and
following verses, the message of the book in which the passage occurs, the historical and
cultural environment of the original readers and the place where the text occurs (the section,
division and paragraph).
There are several kinds of context- The immediate context, the context of the Book, chapter,
paragraph and context in parallel passages. There are words and phrases with different
meanings Eg: world, Faith, Last Days, Baptism, Law etc. only through considering the
context we can determine the meaning. This in turn helps us to expound, apply and edify.
 2. Grammatical considerations.
Grammar is the relationship of words and phrase to each other. Knowing the element of
grammar of the original languages is a great advantage for an expositor. It helps him to
determine the correlation between form and meaning. The forms of words (morphology), the
functions of words (parts of speech), and the relationship of words (syntax) are important
factors in grammatical interpretation.
Nouns, verbs adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, tenses moods etc. are vitally important to
perceive the correct meaning of the text. In establishing the doctrine of the Bible these
considerations play a decisive role (eg: Eph.5:18- “be filled” is a command in the present
continuous: Rom.12:1- “Present” denotes a once-and-for all action; I Cor.12:13- “we were all
baptized”. The tense indicate a past action).
When a preacher understands the grammatical construction of a sentence he can very well get
into the intended meaning which leads to a proper interpretation and then to application.
Grammatical interpretation is a process of determining the meaning of a given text through
lexicology (the meaning of words), morphology (the form of words), parts of speech (the
function of words) and syntax (the relationship of words). Investigation of these factors needs
discipline, diligence, and study.
3. The interpretation of Parables.
Parabolic teaching figures so prominently in the gospels. The expositor should know the
general nature element in the parable and a spiritual message. There is analogical relationship
between the earthly and spiritual in a parable. Through this relationship a parable illustrates a
spiritual lesson. Parables element in the parable (the stories, illustrations, events etc) related
very well to the hearers. It aroused their curiosity and sparked interest. Since the parable use
hyperboles, suspense and illustration, the expositor has to be very careful in interpreting the
parables.
Some GUIDELINES for interpreting the parables.
a. Through a normal interpretation, determine the natural meaning of the parable.
b. Determine the parable or in other words, find out the why, when, where, and to whom
of the parabolic teaching (contextual relationship).
c. Note the definite historical occasion of the parable.
d. Search how much of the parable is interpreted for the readers as Jesus frequently
interpreted His parables.
e. Isolate hyperboles and other illustrative elements.
f. Be well acquainted with the customs and manners of bible lands and bible times. The
whole meaning of the parable may hinge on these factors.
g. Discover the spiritual or prophetic truth taught by the parable.
h. Ascertain the main truth of the parable in its context.
i. Validate the main truth of the parable by comparing it with the teaching of scripture in
general.
Most of Jesus parables are in relation to God’s kingdom rule (eg: Matt.13; 4:26; Lk.14:15).
These kingdom parables are given because of Israel’s rejection of Jesus as the Messiah.
This is an important clue in interpreting the kingdom parables. The kingdom theme in the
parables include rejection of the king and his kingdom, characteristics and attitudes of those
in the kingdom, God’s grace in the kingdom, preparedness for the kingdom, growth and
extension of the kingdom, reward in the kingdom, judgment of those who reject the king and
his kingdom etc.
If we fail to recognize these kingdom theme in the parables, we miss the Key to the right
interpretation of the parables.
4. Interpreting Figures of Speech.
A figure of speech is a word or phrase used to communicate something other than its normal,
literal meaning (Example in the Bible: Jesus Christ as the “Lamb of God” Jn.1:29: Israel is
like a “Stubborn Heifer” Hos.14:16; “Everlasting arms” of God- Deut.33:27; “fall asleep”- I
Thess.4:13-15 etc). these words/phrases convey the truth vividly; but in their normal sense
they are not literally true. Figures of speech are used to add vividness, attention and
attraction.
An expositor has to rightly divide the word of God. He will come across many figures of
speech as he prepares his sermon. How should he interpret the figures of speech?
a. Determine if a figure of speech is involved in the text.
b. If so, identify it.
c. What kind/type of figure of speech is it?
d. Is there any vivid image portrayed in the figure of speech?
e. What is the intended comparison?
f. Figures of speech is picturesque and colourful language. But at the same time, it is
presenting literal truth. Every figure of speech conveys a literal truth. “The figurative is a
colourful vehicle for presenting literal truth”.
5. Interpreting Prophecy.
Unger notes that “the interpreter without doubt faces his most serious expository problems in
the field of Biblical prophecy”.
As we live in the “end-time”historical period, an expositor may have the need and occasions
to preach about the future events, the coming tomorrow and several other eschatological
issues.
How to interpret prophecy?
a. Interpret prophecy in its normal, literal sense.
b. Distinguish between fulfilled prophecies and predictive prophecies (the time element).
c. Look for messianic prophecies that are fulfilled and yet to be fulfilled.
d. Prophecy must be interpreted in harmony with the whole prophetic program unfolded
in the Bible.
e. Interpret prophecy Christologically.
f. Interpret according to the law of double reference (near view and far view). One area
of the prophecy may have been fulfilled and another area awaits fulfilment.
g. One prophecy may include events that are widely separated as to the time of their
fulfilment. The prophet may view separated events as continuous, our future things as
present or past. This is the principle of “foreshortening”.
The literal method of interpretation (also known as historical-Grammatical method) is the
basic method of interpretation. This basic method should be the norm for an expositor’s
hermeneutics. In the other methods of interpretation, the basic authority is the mind of the
interpreter. The meaning of a verse, word/text is to determine by grammatical and historical
Considerations.
The task of the expository preacher is to rightly divide the word of God. His skill in
hermeneutics is the deciding factor in this great task.
LESSON:9 THE TEXTUAL AND TOPICAL SERMONS.
There are three kinds of sermons- Textual, Topical and expository. We have already
considered expository preaching in great detail. Now we shall consider the textual and topical
method and compare it with the expository method.
The Textual Sermon.
The textual sermon is one in which a verse or even part of a verse form the text of the
sermon. The text is only gateway to the preacher’s subject.
The textual method has some similarities to the expository method. But in the textual sermon
the preacher takes only a verse or two, or just a phrase as his text. The text keeps the preacher
on to his main purpose and gives him basis for his message. The textual preacher also may
take a number of different verses which may contain the same word or phrase.
Since textual preaching is preaching from the Bible (atleast a verse or a word) some may call
it biblical preaching. To an extent it may be so. A short text may impress the audience more.
It can capture their attention. It is helpful in retaining the text in memory. Many beginners
find combination of text helpful in preaching.
The major disadvantage of the textual preaching is that it may isolate a verse/verses/ words
out of context. The unity of the Bible as a complete revelation is not taken into account as in
expository sermon. The expository method emphasizes the context of the text and never
considers it in isolation. Textual sermon focuses on an “idea” that is in the mind of the
preacher and he expands this idea in the sermon. But in expository preaching the “Big Idea”
is always derived from the text. The expository method also gives us freedom in selecting a
long passage, an entire chapter or several verses. This freedom is lost in the textual method.
As Sangster has rightly pointed out, “expounding the Scriptures with full effectiveness is not
possible if we always keep to short texts. It is like trying to see a great picture one square inch
at a time. Step back! Take a look at times at the whole, and then a more intent look at certain
parts”.
The major difference between the textual method and expository method is in the areas of
hermeneutics and procedure. Textual method usually does not take into consideration many
of the hermeneutical principles. In the area of procedure, the textual sermon begins with an
idea in the mind of the preacher which is elaborated into a sermon in ways that are consistent
with the general teaching of scripture. Expository preaching always begins with a
text/passage of God’s word. The central proposition is derived from the passage interpreted in
its context. It expounds the text and authoritatively proclaims it as the word of God and
applies to the lives of people.
Many of the contemporary textual sermons have degenerated into a mere sermonizing of
human ideas footnoting it here and there with a verse or word from the Bible.
Examples of Textual sermon.
I. Text- John 3:36a: “He who believes in the Son has eternal life”.
Title- “A life that never ends”.
Central thought- Essential facts concerning salvation.
 Outline/Division.
a. Its provider- “The Son”.
b. Its condition- “Believes”.
c. Its Availability- “He who believes”.
d. Its Certainty- “Has”.
e. Its Duration- “Eternal”.
II. Text- Rom.5:1 “Therefore having been justified by faith, we have peace with God
through our Lord Jesus Christ".

Title- “A life of peace”.

Central Thought- Essential Facts concerning peace.
Outline/Divison.
1. The Ground- Justification by faith.
2. The experience- a present reality (“We have”).
3. The Relationship- with God.
4. The means- Through Jesus Christ.
Another line of suggestion from the second example will be “The Need for Peace”, as SIN. It
may be framed into another sermon.
Some even take a part of a verse and frame a textual sermon. Eg. “what shall we say then?
(Rom.6:1). Say it or speak with love, grace, etc. another example is “Jesus only” (Matt.16:8).
The sermon is developed as “Jesus only” is salvation, Christian life, service, etc.
The Topical Sermon.
A topical sermon is one in which a certain topic is selected and explained with the support of
several verses. The text is taken merely to furnish the topic and the treatment being more or
less independent of it. The main divisions of the sermons are derived from the topic,
independently of a text.
Topical preaching begins by selecting a topic related to the Bible. The Topical method gives
us opportunity to study a doctrine or theme from the Bible. It gives people a greater
understanding of a particular subject. Great doctrines of the Bible can be studied by this
method. It enhances the didactic element in preaching. Nevertheless, there is great temptation
in this method to express the preacher’s personal view without a complete biblical
framework. There is also the inherent tendency to be shallow and subjective. The emphasis
falls on the subject and not on the text.
Examples of Topical Sermon.
1. Title: “A peaceful life”.
Topic: Characteristics of our peace.
a. Peace with God- Rom.5:1.
b. Peace of God- Phili.4:6-7.
c. Peace through Christ’s word- Jn.16:33.
d. Christ’s Peace- Jn.14:27.
e. We have a God of peace- Phili.4:9.
 II. Title: “A Hopeful Life”.
Topic: Characteristic of our Hope.
a. A living hope- I Pet.1:3.
b. A blessed hope- Tit.2:13.
c. A hope that does not disappoint us- Rom.5:5.
d. A sure and steadfast hope- Heb.6:19.
e. A hope laid up for us in heaven- Colo.1:5.
f. A good hope- II Thess.2:16.
The expository method can very well be used in a topical sermon. If the topical sermon is
developed by selecting relevant scripture passages and developing an outline based on
exposition of those passages, this might be called “topical exposition” or “topical expository”
preaching. If the topical preaching is done by expounding the word, then it is essentially an
expository preaching. The expository method can be very well utilized in doctrinal, topical,
textual and biographical messages.
The expository method need not be the exposition of a passage alone, though this is
undoubtedly the usual style of expository preaching. Expository preaching need not be
limited to a very narrow focus or confined to a single method of dealing with the scriptures.
Busenitz writes:
The preacher’s proper task is to deliver the goods, not to manufacture them. He is the
waiter, not the chef. Therefore, the biblical text must be his resource, the foundation of truth
to which he constantly resorts, drinks and from which he faithfully draws to satisfy the thirst
of others. Exercising this kind of control over topical preaching is hard work.
Topical method has been used by eminent preachers of the past centuries. It has a legitimate
place in preaching/teaching biblical and systematic theology. In the expository method the
truth is interpreted in the light of the total biblical revelation. The systematic exposition of
God’s word teaches people God’s truth and also help them to interpret Scripture accurately.
No other sermonic method can achieve this goal.
Example of a Topical/Doctrinal Expository Sermon.
JUSTIFICATION.
Introduction.
1. Foundation doctrine of the Reformation.
2. Foundation of all Christian life and service.
3. Foundation in the Old Testament (Gen.15:6, Ps.143:2. Micah.6:6; Heb.2:4; Job 4:17; 9:2,
etc).
I. What is the meaning of Justification?
1. Restoration of true relation to God lost by sin.
a. Removal of condemnation by the gift of forgiveness.
b. Removal of guilt by imputation of righteousness.
c. Removal of separation by the restoration of fellowship.
2. Declaring righteous before the Law (Ps.51:4; Rom.8:33-35).
a. Contrast with forgiveness.
 b. Contrast with sanctification.
c. Contrast with Roman Catholic doctrine.
II. What is the Basis of Justification?
a. Merit of the finished work of Christ.
b. Not human merit (Gala.3:10, Acts 13:39, Rom.10:3).
III. What is the method of justification?
1. Through faith.
a. In a fact (I Jn.5:1).
b. In Christ’s word (John 4:21)
c. In Christ (John.3:16).
2. By Christ in whom we believe.

VI. What is the value of justification?

1. Basis of spiritual health.

2. Foundation of peace (Rom.5:1).
3. Answer to the moral perplexities of original sin (Rom.3:25).
4. Secret of spiritual liberty.
5. A necessity for spiritual power.
6. Secret of spiritual service.

Exercise for Review, discussion and further study.

1. What is the difference between a textual sermon and an expository sermon?

2. What is the difference between a topical sermon and an expository sermon?
3. What is the major advantage of the expository method?
4. Prepare the outline of a topical/ doctrinal sermon (Expository)
5. Prepare the outline of an expository biographical sermon.
LESSON:10 PREACHING TO CHANGE LIVES.

Preaching has been the strongest asset of the church. Its importance should not be minimised.
It still occupies a central place in pastoral ministry. An expository preacher is called to stand
in the pulpit with the word of God and to expound it in the power of the Holy Spirit to
transform lives. Yes, that is preaching to change lives.

There are certain rules, guidelines and practical tips which will be outlined here that may help
a preacher as he expounds the word of God to change lives.

a. Plan your preaching well in advance so as to get sufficient time for prayer,
preparation and deep thought.
b. Consider preaching from the Old Testament and the New Testament books (whole
counsel of God).
c. Keep records of each message. This will tell you “what” you preached, “when” and
“where”.
d. Review regularly what you have preached.
e. Prepare outlines that may be distributed to the Congregation if you choose to.
f. The whole congregation should benefit out of your sermon. So, four elements should
characterise your message- Edification, exhortation, education and evangelism.
g. The sermon should not be too long: nor should it be too short. 40-45 minutes is a good
length for expository sermon.
h. Competency and character determine the preacher’s credibility. How good we are as
preachers depends primarily on how good we are as men.
i. Preaching, however solemn and serious the theme may be, should be sprinkled with
love and grace. Grace is equally important as gift in preaching.
j. Never be too diplomatic that you conveniently avoid preaching certain themes which
you think some people might object.
k. Standing on a pulpit never means that a preacher is “above the people”.
l. Do not preach just because it is your turn, or you are assigned to, or it is your Job.

We are called to preach to change lives. We are transformed to transform others. It is an

enormous privilege to be called to preach God’s word, to be a biblical expositor.

Let us again summarize the major factors in expository preaching (Biblical Preaching);
Preaching to change lives.

1. Expository preacher is the proclaimer of the true message of God.

2. Bible is used in its total context as a source and not as a resource.
3. Affirmation of the full inspiration, authority and inerrancy of the word of God.
4. A sermon that flows out of a given text rather than with a text attached to it.
5. A sermon that does not use a verse as a launching pad.
6. A sermon that is not a running commentary but a resultant product of sound exegesis
and hermeneutics.
7. A sermon that is built around the central idea of a given passage.
8. A sermon which the Holy Spirit of God has made real and meaningful in the life of
the preacher.
 9. A sermon that answer the structural and functional questions of a passage (eg: what
does this mean? Is this really true? What difference does it make?).
10. A sermon that shows the people from where you got your message and demonstrates
to them its need, relevance and applicability for life today.

Yes, that is preaching the word. “Preach the Word” always. Preach it expository. Preach to
change lives. Preach to glorify God.
APPENDIX A.
HELPFUL TOOLS FOR THE EXPOSITOR.

There are several helpful tools that are available to the expositor in his study and sermon
preparation. The following is only a primary list of some basic tools that are essential. This is
prepared with the intention of helping serious students of the Bible who are committed to
expository preaching. Though some of them may not be academically trained in theological
studies.

The asterisk: indicates works that are highly recommended or the first ones to purchase.

1. Bibles .
a. New American Standard Bible.
b. New International Version.
c. New King James Version.
d. Greek New Testament (united Bible Societies).
e. Hebrew Old Testament (Biblia Hebraica).
f. The NIV Interlinear Greek- English New Testament.
2. Study Bibles.
a. NIV Study Bible.
b. Ryrie Study Bible.
c. The New Scofield Reference Bible (1967).

Study Bible are particularly helpful for quick reference on basic introductory information on
books of the Bible in a summary form. It will also give the main division, chapter outline,
sectional titles, brief explanation of difficult verses, words, names and phrases as footnotes,
maps, charts, doctrinal summary, a brief concordance etc.

3. Concordances (Provide the meaning of a word through usages).

a. George Wingram- The Englishman’s Greek Concordance of the New Testament.
b. James Strong- Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible.
c. Moulton and Geden- A Concordance to the Greek New Testament.
d. Robert Young- Analytical Concordance to the Bible.
4. Lexicons (Provide definitions of words, root meaning, grammatical forms and a
list of passages in which a wood occurs).
a. Bauer Arndt, Gingrich and Danker- A Greek English Lexicon of the New
Testament and other Early Christian Literature.
b. Liddell and Scott- A Greek English Lexicon.
c. Sake Kubo- a Readers Greek- English Lexicon of the New Testament.
d. Brown, Driver and Briggs- a Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament.
5. Word study books (trace the words in their contexts and provide insights into
their meanings and grammatical usages).
a. A.T. Robertson- word Pictures in the New Testament (6 vols.)
b. Kenneth S. Wuest- word Studies in the Greek New Testament (4Vols).
c. Richard Trench- Synonyms of the New Testament.
 d. Gerhard Kittel- The Theological Dictionary of The New Testament (10 Vols.)
e. Vine, Unger and white- An Expository Dictionary of Biblical words.
f. Lawrence Richards- Expository Dictionary of Bible Words.
6. Grammars.
a. Blass, Debrunner and Funk- a Greek Grammar of the New Testament.
b. E. Burton- Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek.
c. Dana and Mantey- A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament.
d. Gresham Machen- New Testament Greek for Beginners.
e. Willian Gesenius- Hebrew Grammar.
7. Other Helpful Language Tools.
a. Fritz Rienecker- A Linguistic Key to the Greek New Testament.
b. John D. Grassmick- Principle and Practice of Greek Exegesis.
c. A.T. Robertson- The Minister and His Greek New Testament.
d. C.F.D. Moule- An Idiom Book of the New Testament Greek.
8. Hermeneutics.
For helpful tools on “Hermeneutics” see the footnotes in Chapter eight in this book
(“Hermeneutics and Expository preaching).
9. Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias.
1. The New Bible Dictionary- ed: J.D. Douglas.
2. Horper’s Bible Dictionary- ed: Paul J. Achtemeir.
3. The New Unger’s Bible Dictionary (New Revised editions)- ed: R.K. Harrison.
4. The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible (5 Vols.)-ed: George A. Buttrick.
5. The International Standard Bible encyclopaedia (4 vols.)-ed; Geoffrey Bromiley.
6. Encyclopaedia of the Bible (2 Vos.) -ed: Walter Elwell.
7. The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopaedia of the Bile (5 Vols.)- Ed- Merrill C.
Tenney.
10. Bible Geography and History.
a. The Macmillan Bible Atlas.
b. F.F. Bruce- New Testament History.
c. Charles Pfeiffer- The Biblical Word.
d. Merrill C. Tenney- New Testament Times.
e. Alfred Edersheim- The life and Times of Jesus the Messiah.
f. John Bright- A History of Israel.
g. Leon Wood- A Survey of Israel’s History.
11. Introduction, Background and Survey.
a. Donald Guthrie- New Testament Introduction.
b. Edmond Hiebert- An Introduction to the New Testament (3 Vols.)
c. Merrill C. Tenney- New Testament Survey.
d. Robert H. Gundry- A survey of the New Testament.
e. R.K. Harrison- introduction to the Old Testament.
f. Gleason Archer- a survey of Old Testament.
g. William Ramsay- The cities of St. Paul.
12. Commentaries.
I. One- volume commentaries.
a. The Wycliffe Bible Commentary ed: E.F. Harrison and Charles Pfeiffer.
 b. The International Bible commentary (published earlier as the New Layman’s
Commentary ed: F.F. Bruce.
c. Evangelical Commentary on the Bible ed: Walter Elwell.
Along with these one- volume commentaries the following synthetic surveys and synopsis
will be very helpful.
1. Halley’s Bible Handbook.’
2. Sidlow Baxter’s Explore the book.
3. J.N. Darby’s Synopsis of the book of the bible.
II. Commentary Sets.
1. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary (12 vols.) Ed. Frank E. Gabelein. A
Scholary Evangelical work using the NIV.
2. New International Commentary on the New Testament (20 vols.) Ed. F.F
Burce. An excellent blending of New Testament scholarship and thorough
exposition.
3. Harper’s New Testament Commentaries. Ed. Henry Chadwick. Critical and
exegetical and at times liberal.
4. The MacAthur New Testament commentary by John MacArthur, Jr. A
detailed evangelical exposition in simple language.
5. Commentary on the Whole Bible (6 Vols.) by Mattew Henry (Now available
in one-volume).
6. New Testament Commentary (12 Vols.) by Willam Hendriksen and Simon J.
Kistemaker. Evangelical refromed perspective. Good explanation and sheds
more light on Greek words and phrases.
7. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (20 Vols.). Ed. Leon MOrri’s .
Concise and gives an awareness of critical issues. Very helpful in
understanding the meaning of the New Testament.
8. Ritchie New Testament Commentaries (what the Bible Teaches, 10 Vols.) Not
very thorough but simple, readable, evangelical and dispensational. Specially
good for non-technical readers.
9. The International Critical Commentary (ICC) very technical and critical.
Theologically liberal.
10. Word biblical commentary Eds. David Hubbard and Glenn Barber. Mostly
evangelical, at times liberal. Mainly useful for technical readers and advanced
students.
11. The Bible Knowledge commentary (2 Vols.) Ed. Walvoord and Zuck. This a
commentary by Dallas Seminary Faculty. Conservative, premillennial and
sispensational. Concise treatment yet deals with the issues and problems. Very
reliable. Good for anyone who wants to study the bible. Based on NIV.
12. Believer’s bible commentary (2 Vols). By William MacDonald. Ed. Arthur
Farstad. Very conservative and reliable. Too brief at times. Specially good for
beginners and non-Technical readers.
III. Individual Commentaries.

Since there are numerous individual commentaries, only two will be listed for each bible
book. In the estimation of this author these are particularly helpful to a wide range of
readers and highly recommended. The numbering 1&2 is in the order of preference.
These are not necessarily the most scholarly or technical commentaries.

Genesis.

1. H. G. Leupold- Exposition of Genesis (2 Vols.).

2. Henry M. Morris- The Genesis Record.

Exodus.

1. Walter C. Kaiser, Jr- “Exodus” in the Expositor’s bible commentary (Vol.2).

2. Alan R. Cole- “Exodus” in the Tynadale Old Testament Commentary series.

Leviticus.

1. Gordonj. Wenham- The book of “Leviticus” in the New International Commentary of

the Old Testament.
2. R.K. Harrison- Leviticus: An Introduction and Commentary in Tyndale OTC.

Numbers.

1. GordonJ. Wenham- Numbers, Tyndale OTC.

2. Ronald B. Allen- “Numbers” in Expositor’s bible Commentary (Vol.2.)

Deuteronomy.

1. Peter C. Craigie- The Book of Deuteronomy in the New International Commentary of

the O.T.
2. R.K. Harrison- Deutronomy.

Joshua.

1. Martin H. W0udstra- “Joshua” in the NICOT.

2. Arthur W. Pink- Gleaning in Joshua.

Judges.

1. Leon. J Wood- Distressing Days of the Judges.

2. George Bush- Notes, Critical and Practical on the Book of Judges.

Ruth.

1. Vernon J. Mcgee- Ruth, The Romance of Redemption.

2. David Atkinson- The wings of Refuge: the Message of Ruth.
Samuel.

1. R.P. Gordon- 1&2 Samuel.

2. Carl J. Laney- First and Second Samuel.

Kings.

1. C.F. Keil- Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The books of Kings.
2. LeonJ. Wood- Israel’s United Monarchy.

Chronicles.

1. Eugene Merrill- “1&2 Chronicles” in Bible Knowledge Commentary.

2. Michael Wilcock- The Message of Chronicles ( The Bible Speake Today Series).

Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther.

1. Derek kidner- Ezra and Nehemiah, An Introduction and commentary (Tyndale OTC).
2. John C. WhitComb- Esther: Triumph of God’s Sovereignty.

Job.

1. Francis Anderson- Job ( Tyndale OTC).

2. Roy B. Zuck- Sitting with Job: Selected Studies in the Book of Job.

Psalms.

1. H.C. Leuplod- Exposition on the Psalms.

2. Graham Scroggie- The Psalms.

Proverbs.

1. Derek Kidner- Proverb (Tyndale OTC).

2. Robert L. Alden- Proverbs: A Commentary on an Ancient Book of Timeless Advice.

Ecclesiastes.

1. Walter C. Kaiser- Ecclesiastes: Total life.

2. H.C. Leupold- Exposition of Ecclesiastes.

Song of Solomon.

1. Jack S. Deere- “song of Song” in Bible Knowledge commentary.

2. H.A Ironside- Song of Solomon.

Isaish.

1. Edward J. Young- The Book of Isaiah (3 vols.)

2. William Kelly- Lectures on the Book of Isaiah.
Jeremiah.

1. Charles L. Feinberg- Jeremiah A Commentary.

2. G. Campbell Morgan- studies in the Prophecy.

Lamentations.

1. Charles Dyer- “Lamentation” in Bible Knowledge Commentary.

2. Walter C. Kaiser. A Biblical Approach to Personal Sufferings.

Ezekiel.

1. Charles L. Feinberg- The prophecy of Exekiel.

2. John B. Taylor- Ezekiel, An Introduction and Commentary.

Daniel.

1. John F. Walvoord- Daniel, They key To Prophetic Revelation.

2. Leon J. Wood- A commentary on Daniel.

Minor Prophets.

1. Charles L. Feinberg- The Minor Prophets.

2. James M. Boice- The Minor prophets. An Expositional Commentary.

Matthew.

1. D.A Carson- “Matthew” in Expositor’s Bible Commentary (Vols.8).

2. G. Campbell Morgan- The Gospel According To Matthew.

Mark.

1. Edmond D. Hiebert- Mark: A Portrait of the servant.

2. E. Schuyler English- Studies in the Gospel According to Mark.

John.

1. Leon Morris- Commentary on the Gospel of John in the New International

Commentary on the N.T.
2. B.F. Westcoot- The Gospel According to Saint John.

Acts.

1. F.F. Bruce- The Book of Acts (Revised) in the (NICNT).

2. Campbell Morgen- The Acts of the Apostles.

Romans.

1. John Murray- The Epistle to Romans (NICNT).

2. William Newell- Romans Verse by verse.
First Corinthians.

1. Gordon H. Fee- The First Epistle to The Corinthians (NICNT).

2. Charles Hodge- A Commentary on I &2 Corinthians.

Second Corinthians.

1. Philip E. Hughes- Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (NICNT).

2. C.K. Barrett- The Second Epistle to the Corinthians.

Galatians.

1. J.B. Lightfoot- The Epistle of St. Paul to the Galatians.

2. William Hendriksen- Galatians.

Ephesians;

1. F.F. Bruce- The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon and to the Ephesians
(NICNT).
2. Marcus Barth- Ephesians. 2 Vols. (Anchor Bible).

Philippans.

1. H.C.G. Moule- The Epistle to the Philippians.

2. Ralph P. Martin- The Epistle to the Philippians (TynadlE).

Colossian.

1. A.T. Robertson- Paul and the intellectuals.

2. F.F. Bruce- The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon and to the Ephesians
(NICNT).

1&2 Thessalonians.

1. Edmond Hiebert- The Thessalonion Epistles.

2. Ernest Best- The first and second epistles to the Thessalonians (Harper’s N.T.
commentaries).

1&2 Timothy & Titus.

1. Homer A. kent, Jr- The Pastral Epistles.

2. J.N.D. Kelly- a Commentary on the pastoral Epistles (Harper’s N.T. Commentaries).

Philemon.

1. H.A Ironside- Charge that to my Account

2. Frank Gaebelein- Philemon: The Gospel of Emancipation.
Hebrews.

1. Philip E. Hughes- a commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews.

2. F.F. Bruce- The Epistle to the Hebrews (NICNT).

1 Peter.

1. Edmond Hiebert- First Peter.

2. E.G. Selwyn- the First Epistle of St. Peter.

2 Peter & Jude.

1. Edmond Hiebert- Second Peter and Jude.

2. Simon J. Kistemaker- Exposition of the Epistles of Peter and of the Epistle of Jude.

I, II & III John.

1. Edmond Hiebet- The Epistles of John.

2. John R.W. Stott- The Epistle of John (Tyndale).

Revelation.

1. Robert H. Mounce- “Revelation” (NICNT).

2. John F. Walvoord- The Revelation of Jesus Christ.

For detailed bibliography and information, consult the following works.

1. Cyril. J. Barber- The Minister’s Library (2 Vols.)

2. D.A Carson- New Testament Commentary Survey (3rd edition).
3. John Glynn- Commentary survey ( Dalls Seminary).
4. James Rosscup- Commentaries for Biblical Expositors.
5. Warren Wiersbe- A Basic Library for bible students.
APPENDIX. B.
A GENERAL EXERCISE FOR THE EXPOSITOR.

1. Prepare twenty illustrations from the news-paper, magazines, TV news and personal
experiences (do not copy or borrow from other sources on illustrations. This must be
your original work).
2. Write the introductions for the sermons you will be preaching from the following
passages.
a. Gen. 3:1-7.
b. Psalm 128.
c. Matt.4:1-11.
d. I Thess.4:13-18.
3. Prepare expository sermon outline for the following passages.
a. Psalm 91.
b. Isaiah 53.
c. Lk.16:19-31.
d. Rev.2:1-7.
4. Prepare topical expository outlines for the following themes.
1. Justification.
2. Judgment of God.
5. Do an exegetical study of Colo.1:9-14 and share your findings with others.
Remember. This is a step toward your sermon preparation.
6. Determine the hermeneutical principles in interpreting the parable of ten virgins
(Matt.25:1-13) and Rev.20:1-7 (The Millennial reign of Chirst). List the principles,
expand and teach in a classroom situation.
7. Write the central proposition/ Big Idea in the following text/ passages.
a. I Thess.1.
b. Rom.1:18-32.
c. Josh.1:1-9.
d. Jer.1:4-10.
8. Prepare a sermon evaluation form in 8-10 steps, giving priority to the very essentials
of organization “content” and “delivery”.
9. Write two sermon manuscripts 6-8 pages).
10. Reduce one of your manuscripts to “pulpit notes” or “points” which you will be using
as you deliver the sermon.
APPENDIX C.
ORGANIZING THE PROCEDURE OF PREPARATION.

1. Choose the passage.

2. Give a title.
3. Write your own paraphrase or translation of the passage.
4. Identify the “big idea” or central proposition.
5. Do the exegetical work.
6. Identify the homiletical idea.
7. Identify the purpose of the sermon.
8. Determine the purpose of the sermon.
9. Consider the major applications
10. Outline your sermon.
11. Think about apt illustrations.
12. Add introduction and conclusion.
13. Do the final touches.
14. Prepare a manuscript or pulpit preaching notes.
15. Decide a time frame for introduction, each point in the body and conclusion.
16. Spend time in prayer.
APPENDIX D.
PRINCIPLES IN STATING THE “Big Idea” (or) CENTAL PROPOSITION.

1. Be sure you have only one big idea.

2. Be sure your idea is directly derived from the text.
3. Be sure your idea is stated concisely and clearly in one complete sentence.
4. Be sure your idea is stated positively rather than negatively.
5. Be sure your idea is forceful and memorable.
6. Be sure your idea is significant enough to be preached.

APPENDIX E.
THE GENERAL STRUCTURAL FORM OF AN EXPOSITORY SERMON.
(the “Skeleton” of the sermon).
1. Title.
2. Text.
3. Introduction.
4. Outline of the body.
5. Conclusion.
APPENDIX. F.
FROM “TEXT TO SERMON”. From Exegetical to Expositional to homiletical.

1. How to prepare an exegetical outline on a paragraph?

A. It should reflect the structure of the paragraph.
B. It should be detailed enough to show the unity and progress of thought in the
passage.
C. It should express the syntactical relationships involved in the paragraph.
D. It should have parallel structure in its headings and verse references attached.
E. It will provide the framework for summarizing the argument of the paragraph later
on.
2. How to prepare an expositional outline on a paragraph?
a. It should be directly derived from the exegetical outline.
b. It should be translated into timeless biblical principles. Theological correctness
must be tested.
c. The points should be written in complete sentences.

How to prepare a homiletical outline on a paragraph?

a. It should be directly derived from the expositional outline.’

b. It should be textually and theologically correct.
c. It should be made relevant to the present audience. All the abstracts should be
turned into concrete, specific and time-bound principles.
d. It should be clear and concise.
e. It should be forceful and memorable.
f. You may add other relevant sub-points.

The exegetical outline and proposition state the structure and concept of the text in
terms of the original author and recipients. It will tend to use technical language. The
primary consideration is the textual and original context.

The expositional outline and proposition state the structure and concept of the text in
terms of its timeless truth or universal absolute. The semantic force of the absolute are
conveyed in non-technical language. The primary consideration is the presentation of
integrated truth in general terms.

The homiletical outline and proposition state the structure and concept of the text in
communicative terms. They seek to convey the truth of the text to a specific
contemporary audience. The primary consideration is application and relevance to our
life now.

Illustration: 1 Cor.8:1-13 Food offered to idols.

Exegetical Proposition- The reason Paul exhorted the Corinthian believers to restrict
their practice of eating meant offered to idols was so that they would not cause the
weaker brother they love in Christ to stumble into sin.
Expositional Proposition- Love limits liberty.

Homiletical Proposition- if drinking wine causes your brother to sin, don’t drink.

EXEGETICAL EXPOSITIONAL HOMILETICAL

Biblical language Timeless language Contemporary language

detailed General Particular

Time bound to biblical All time/ no audience Time bound and

author and audience. contemporary audience

Technical statements Non- Technical statements Applicational statements

Analytical details Integrated truth Relevant truth

Textual order of the Logical order of the Communicational order of

passage argument developed proposition.

Information oriented Perfection oriented Motivation oriented

EXEGETICAL EXPOSITIONAL HOMILETICAL

NB: consult the commentaries in this order- Exegetical, Expositional and Homiletical.
The whole preparation process of expository sermon takes this logical and necessary
order into serious consideration. It is always from exegetical to Expositional to
Homiletical.

Illustration: Text: Eph.1:13-14

Exegetical Outline.

a. The time the Ephesians were sealed was when they believed (1:3).
b. The sphere in which the Ephesians were sealed is in Christ (1:13).
c. The means by which the Ephesians were sealed is the Holy Spirit (1:13)
d. The purpose for which the Ephesians were sealed is the glory of God (1:14)

Exegetical Proposition: the purpose for which the Ephesians were sealed by the Holy
Spirit in Christ when they believed was that God might be glorified.

Expositional outline:

a. Believers are secured to God when they believe.

b. Believers are secured to God in Christ.
c. Believers are secured to God by the Holy Spirit.
d. God is glorified through the eternal security of the believers.
Expositional proposition; God is glorified through the eternal security of the
believers.
Homiletical outline:

1. You are saved and thereby secured to God when you believed the Gospel of salvation,
the very message of truth to you .
2. You are secured to God in Christ, your saviour.
3. You are secured to God By the sealing of the Holy Spirit.
4. Your salvation is eternally secure through the work of the Triune God for you and
God is glorified through your eternal security.

Homiletical Proposition: your salvation is so great and wonderful, for God is glorified
through your salvation and through your eternal security.

Exegetical outline of Colo.1:9-12.

1. The reason Paul constantly prays is so that the Colossians might be able to spiritually
discern God’s will (1:9).
A. Paul intercedes constantly on behalf of the Colossians (1:9a).
B. The content of Paul’s prayer is that the Colossians might be able to spiritually
discern God’s will (9b).
2. The result of being able to spiritually discern God’s will is that the Colossians will
live a life worthy of and pleasing to the Lord (1:10-12).
a. One result of being able to spiritually discern God’s will is that the Colossians will
live a life worthy of the Lord (1:10a).
b. Another result of being able to spiritually discern God’s will is that the Colossians
will live a life pleasing to the Lord (1:10b-12).
I. The Colossians will please the Lord as they do good deeds (1:10b).
II. The Colossians will please the Lord as they grow in their knowledge of
God (1:10c).
III. The Colossians will please the Lord as they are patient with others (1:11).
IV. The Colossians will please the Lord as they give thank to God (1:12).

Proposition: the reason Paul prays is so that the Colossians will be able to spiritually discern
God’s will to live lives worthy of and pleasing to the Lord.

NB: the expositional and homiletical outlines should be based on the exegetical outline. In
the expositional, instead of Paul it will be the believer prayers for fellow-believers that they
may discern God’s will and live a life worthy of the Lord, pleasing Him always.

In the homiletical, we ( the audience) are reminded of the responsibility to pray for the
spiritual welfare of others. Our petition should be geared more toward spiritual blessings of
others than their material blessings. We grow through prayer and make others grow.

On the basis of this exegetical outline and proposition on Colo.1:9-12, attempt your own
expositional and homiletical outlines and propositions.

Remember that it is through the above process that you reach to the point of your sermon
outline.
TAPPENDIX. G.
TOWARDS EXCELLENCE IN EXPOSITORY PREACHING

A basic evaluation form

Speaker:

Critic:

Date:

Answer: YES/NO/Ok/Needs improvement.

1. Did the introduction orient you to the subject?

2. Was it of reasonable length?
3. Was the overall structure of the message clear?
4. Did the sermon have a clear central theme?
5. Were the main points and sub-divisions clear?
6. Did the points relate to each other?
7. Were the transitions clear?
8. Could you write a basic outline of the message from memory?
9. Was the sermon true to the scriptures?
10. Was the sermon expository?
11. Was the explanation adequate?
12. Was there authority?
13. Was there originality?
14. Were the illustrations good and relevant?
15. Was the subject significant and appropriate?
16. Was the friendly?
17. Were there good facial expressions?
18. Were there good, spontaneous gestures?
19. Was his posture good?
20. Did he look alert?
21. Did he look you the eye?
22. Did the pitch level change?
23. Was there variety in force?
24. Was his voice easy to listen to?
25. did he use pauses effectively?
26. Was he aware of the audience response?
27. Were there distracting mannerisms?
28. Was the objective clear?
29. Did the sermon build to a climax?
30. Was there an adequate summary of ideas and review in conclusion?
31. Was there effective closing appeals?
32. Was the Goal reached?
33. Did he take over time?