THE NAVIGATOR HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL THATTA

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ECAT/ETP/2024 TEST -3 20-05-24

1. Which of the following quantities is NOT constant in SHM?

a) Amplitude b) Period c) Frequency d) Acceleration
2. The restoring force acting on a mass in SHM is directly proportional to:
a) Mass b) Velocity c) Acceleration d) Displacement from equilibrium position
3. The total mechanical energy of a mass undergoing SHM:
a) Increases with displacement b) Decreases with displacement
c) Remains constant d) Depends on the direction of motion
4. The time taken for one complete oscillation in SHM is called the:
a) Amplitude b) Frequency c) Period d) Time duration
5. The frequency of SHM is related to the period (T) by:
a) f = T b) f = 1/T c) f = 2πT d) f = √T
6. A mass is suspended by spring. If the mass is stretched & released, it will undergo SHM. The natural frequency of this oscillation depends on:
a) Mass of the object only b) Spring constant only c) Both mass and spring constant
7. At the equilibrium position in SHM, the object's:
a) Displacement is max. b) Velocity is maximum c) Acceleration is max. d) Kinetic energy is maximum
8. In a damped SHM, the amplitude of oscillation:
a) Increases with time b) Decreases with time c) Remains constant d) Becomes negative
9. The motion of a swing set back and forth is an example of:
a) Uniform circular motion b) Simple harmonic motion c) Projectile motion d) Random motion
10. The mathematical relationship between displacement (x), amplitude (A), and angular frequency (ω) in SHM is:
a) x = Aωt b) x = A sin(ωt) c) x = A cos(ωt) d) x = ωt2
11. Which of the following describes a periodic motion?
a) Motion with constant speed in a straight line b) Motion that repeats itself over a fixed time interval
c) Motion with constantly changing acceleration d) Motion along a circular path
12. The swinging of a pendulum is an example of:
a) Translational motion b) Rotational motion
c) Both translational and rotational motion d) None of the above
13. The time period of an oscillation is the time taken for:
a) One complete cycle b) The displacement to reach its maximum value
c) The velocity to reach its maximum value d) The acceleration to reach its maximum value
14. The frequency of an oscillation is the:
a) Number of oscillations per unit time b) Displacement of the oscillating object
c) Maximum speed of the oscillating object d) Time taken for the displacement to reach zero
15. In a mechanical oscillation, the restoring force:
a) Always acts in the direction of motion b) Always acts opposite to the direction of motion
c) Does not depend on the direction of motion d) May or may not act opposite to the motion
16. The amplitude of an oscillation represents the:
a) Time period of the oscillation b) Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position
c) Average velocity of the oscillation d) Frequency of the oscillation
17. A mass hanging on a spring is stretched and released. This is an example of:
a) Damped oscillation b) Driven oscillation c) Simple harmonic motion d) None of the above
18. The period of a simple pendulum depends on:
a) Mass of the bob only b) Length of the pendulum c) Amplitude of oscillation d) Both mass and length of the pendulum
19. In a damped oscillation, the amplitude gradually:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) Becomes negative
20. A driven oscillation can be maintained at a constant amplitude by providing:
a) Friction b) A heavier mass c) A shorter period b) Energy input at the resonance frequency
21. A mass of 2 kg is attached to a spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m. If the mass is displaced 0.1 m from equilibrium and released, what is the
angular frequency (ω) of its oscillation?
a) ω = 10 rad/s b) ω = 20 rad/s c) ω = 5 rad/s d) ω = 15 rad/s
22. A pendulum with a length of 1 meter has a time period of 2 seconds. What is the acceleration due to gravity (g) at the location?
a) g = 2 m/s² b) g = 4.9 m/s² c) g = 9.8 m/s² d) g = 19.6 m/s²
23. A mass is undergoing SHM with a frequency of 4 Hz and an amplitude of 0.2 m. What is the max. speed of the mass during its oscillation?
a) vmax = 0.8 m/s b) vmax = 1.6 m/s c) vmax = 2.5 m/s d) vmax = 5.0 m/s
24. A simple harmonic oscillator has a total mechanical energy of 10 J. If the amplitude of the motion is 0.5 m, what is the maximum potential
energy of the oscillator?
a) PEmax = 2.5 J b) PEmax = 5 J c) PEmax = 7.5 J d) PEmax = 10 J
25. A mass on a spring completes 20 oscillations in 10 seconds. What is the frequency of the oscillation?
a) f = 0.5 Hz b) f = 1 Hz c) f = 2 Hz d) f = 4 Hz
26. A pendulum with a length of 0.5 meters has a time period of 2 seconds. What is the acceleration due to gravity (g) at the location?
a) g = 2 m/s² b) g = 3.9 m/s² c) g = 9.8 m/s² d) g = 19.6 m/s²
27. A simple pendulum with a mass of 1 kg is released from a starting angle of 10 degrees. If the length of the pendulum is 1 meter, what is the
potential energy of the mass at the starting position?
a) PE = 0 J b) PE = 0.1 J c) PE = 0.98 J d) PE = 9.8 J
28. You want to design a pendulum clock that has a period of 1 second. What length of pendulum is required?
a) l = 0.25 m b) l = 0.5 m c) l = 1 m d) l = 2 m

29. A pendulum with a length of 2 meters swings with a maximum angle of 30 degrees on each side. What is the approximate maximum speed of the
bob (mass not given)?
a) vmax = 0.5 m/s b) vmax = 1 m/s c) vmax = 2 m/s d) vmax = 4 m/s
30. A pendulum is used to determine the value of g. The pendulum has a length of 0.75 meters and a measured time period of 1.5 seconds. What is
the estimated value of g using this pendulum?
a) g = 2 m/s² b) g = 4.9 m/s² c) g = 7.4 m/s² d) g = 9.8 m/s²
31. The speed of sound (v) depends on the:
a) Pressure (P) of the medium b) Density (ρ) of the medium
c) Both pressure (P) and density (ρ) of the medium d) Neither pressure nor density of the medium
32. The formula for the speed of sound (v) is:
a) v = P / ρ b) v = ρ / P c) v = √(P/ρ) d) v = Pρ
33. In which medium does sound travel the fastest at a given temperature?
a) Gases b) Liquids c) Solids d) All travel at the same speed
34. If the density of a medium increases, the speed of sound in that medium will:
a) Increase b) Decrease c) Remain the same
35. If the temperature of a gas increases, the speed of sound in that gas will:
a) Increase b) Decrease c) Remain the same
36. A sound wave travels a distance of 1700 meters in 5 seconds. What is the speed of sound in meters per second (m/s)?
a) v = 340 m/s b) v = 1360 m/s c) v = 850 m/s d) v = 250 m/s
37. A sound wave travels through water at a speed of 1500 m/s. If the density of water is 1000 kg/m³, what is the approximate pressure (P) associated
with the sound wave? (We can assume a constant value for γ, the ratio of specific heats.)
a) P = 2.25 x 10⁶ Pa b) P = 1.5 x 10⁹ Pa c) P = 750 x 10³ Pa d) P cannot be determined with the given
information
38. Sound travels at approximately 343 m/s in air at a specific temperature. If the speed of sound in a different gas is measured to be 965 m/s at the
same temperature, which gas molecule likely has a lower density compared to air?
a) Oxygen (O₂) b) Nitrogen (N₂) c) Helium (He) d) Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
39. Doctors use ultrasound for medical imaging. Ultrasound waves have frequencies much higher than the audible range for humans. Does the speed
of sound change depending on the frequency of the sound wave?
a) Yes, the speed increases with higher frequency. b) Yes, the speed decreases with higher frequency.
c) No, the speed is independent of frequency.
40. In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium vibrate:
a) In the same direction as the wave propagation b) Up and down relative to the wave propagation
c) Perpendicular to the wave propagation d) In a circular motion
41. An example of a transverse wave is:
a) Sound wave in air b) Water wave in a lake c) Light wave d) Both b & c
42. In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium vibrate:
a) In the same direction as the wave propagation b) Up and down relative to the wave propagation
c) Perpendicular to the wave propagation d) In a circular motion
43. Sound waves can travel through:
a) Vacuum only b) Solids only c) Liquids only d) Both b & c
44. Which of the following is an example of longitudinal waves?
a) Water wave in a lake b) Light wave c) Seismic S-wave d) Radio wave
45. The principle of superposition states that:
a) When two waves meet, they cancel each other out completely.
b) The resultant displacement at a point is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point.
c) Only waves with the same frequency can superpose.
d) Superposition only applies to light waves.
46. Two waves with the same frequency and amplitude travelling in the same direction will interfere:
a) Destructively if they are in phase. b) Constructively if they are in phase.
c) Destructively if they are out of phase by 180 degrees. d) Not interfere at all.
47. In a double-slit experiment, the bright fringes on the screen correspond to:
a) Destructive interference of light waves. b) Constructive interference of light waves
c) Light waves with the same wavelength but different amplitudes. d) None of the above.
48. When two waves of different frequencies superpose, the resulting wave will exhibit:
a) A single, constant frequency. b) A beating pattern with a frequency equal to the average of the two original frequencies.
c) A completely new and unpredictable frequency. d) No change in frequency.
49. The principle of superposition can be used to explain:
a) Reflection of waves b) Refraction of waves c) Diffraction of waves d) All of the above
50. Stationary waves are formed by the:
a) Superposition of two waves with different frequencies traveling in opposite directions.
b) Superposition of two waves with the same frequency traveling in the same direction.
c) Reflection of a wave from a fixed boundary.
d) Absorption of a wave by a medium.
51. In a stationary wave, the points with no displacement are called:
a) Antinodes b) Nodes c) Crests d) Troughs
52. The harmonic frequencies of a vibrating string are:
a) Any random frequencies. b) Discrete frequencies that are multiples of a fundamental frequency.
c) Frequencies that depend on the material of the string only. d) Frequencies that depend on the length of the string only.
53. In a closed organ pipe, the resonant frequencies correspond to:
a) All possible harmonic frequencies. b) Only odd-numbered harmonic frequencies.
c) Only even-numbered harmonic frequencies. d) None of the above.
54. The fundamental frequency of a vibrating string is:
a) The highest frequency it can vibrate at. b) The lowest frequency it can vibrate at and produce a standing wave.
c) The frequency at which the amplitude of vibration is maximum. d) Independent of the length and tension of the string.

55. When a source of sound (e.g., ambulance siren) is approaching an observer, the observer hears a:
a) Lower frequency b) Higher frequency c) No change in frequency.
56. A stationary observer hears the siren of a fire truck approaching at 70 km/h. If the siren produces a sound of 420 Hz and the speed of sound is 343
m/s, what is the approximate frequency heard by the observer? (Convert km/h to m/s first)
a) f' = 440 Hz b) f' = 40 Hz c) f' = 820 Hz d) f' = 1120 Hz
57. An ambulance with a siren emitting a frequency of 500 Hz is moving away from a stationary observer at a speed of 25 m/s. The speed of sound in
air is 343 m/s. What is the apparent frequency heard by the observer?
a) f' = 485 Hz b) f' = 1500 Hz c) f' = 15 Hz d) f' = 150 Hz
58. When a source of light (e.g., a star) is moving away from Earth, the light observed on Earth will be:
a) Shifted towards a higher frequency (blue shift) b) Shifted towards a lower frequency (red shift).
59. A train with a whistling horn that produces a sound of 250 Hz is approaching a stationary observer at a speed of 15 m/s. The speed of sound in air
is 343 m/s. What is the apparent frequency heard by the observer?
a) f' = 1235 Hz b) f' = 550 Hz c) f' = 265 Hz d) f' = 75 Hz
60. Which of the following is an application of Doppler effect?
a) RADAR b) SONAR c) VOR d) All of these