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Sociology Notes Intro

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Azfar Raza
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34 views12 pages

Sociology Notes Intro

Notes

Uploaded by

Azfar Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ol Theory and Method: How do sociologists interpret society? Intro - What is sociology. * The study of human social life, groups and societies. * Sociology explores the social factors that shape human behavior and the way that society influences our daily lives. Structuralism © First of the two main approaches| + Micro level approach in which towards sociology. individual is important. * Macro perspective. * We grow up in society norms but * Societies are seen as sets of structures always have an opportunity to choose in which individuals play different roles from different identities. People own — Individuals have little choice thoughts are important. The meanings + Emile Durkheim — suicide: not different individuals give to the society. in countries but different between + What people say about the crime is countries, important. * In societies with support networks — + People make the societies. feligion — strong connections leads to * Socially available labels lower suicide rates. — Age, gender, social class, * Durkheim used positivist's methods. nationality, roles in families Examples: Correlations and causation. such as a parent, religious or __political organization. Conflict vs. consensus approaches * Consensus — for equality in society or agreed norms. Status or power: values can be shared on religion for instance. This is a stabie form of society. * Conflict: where values are not shared such as societies with different wealth are unstable. Functionalism * Consensus approach. * Focus on social functions and ask — what keeps the society together? Marxism Feminism * Conflict approach. Conflict * Different social classes -| + Patriarch bourgeoisie (upper ciass)| maj xists and minant, and proletariat (working | « Dis women - Schools help children class), | , education run economies, * Radical change and equality - Families social norms are required feminism is anti (next generations can learn). — Prison (to keep criminals off the roads). Politics and economics well: * — Proletariat will exploited - on eee never paid — Schools em eo pec and accept dw posh in society. = Mass media distracts the Liberal feminist: Argue that equality has been reached and that only equality promoting laws are required. Society for the main issues Such as capitalism. How do sociologists study Society? fundamentally Patriarchal need ~ Marxist feminist: how class and gender work together. The study of human social life, 9roups and societies, Sociology explores the social fa society influences our daily lives. Sociologists must select and use evi criticize the research, They focus on the social influences on human life. Research Types. Primary or Secondary. Different methods of research exist, ictors that shape human behavior and the way that idence in a balanced way or other sociologists may group (rather than individual) behavior and discuss Impartant to follow proper procedures — others will question your research, Positivism vs. Interpretivism (main two approaches to study the society). Positivism Produce quantitative data such as in scientific subjects (chemistry, ph — Quantitative cata: facts numerical vaiies. Scientists are not guided by values but data. Bias may exist in values and sampling methods, Experiments are difficult in sociology and therefore questionnaires and surveys are required for quantitative data. and interpre’ m Positivists may be able to describe a Social world but interpretivists want to understand why an action is taken. Example; To understand why crime takes place. Major differences etweSSpositivism AE Bice and intrepretivism. Positivism: - Assume: f i l } | | i | coy Selecting | Collecting |) Analysing |) Evaluating | out pilot ‘samples data || thedata |, the project | studies |! | Lf a \icaiininensa ——$_—_—" Aims and Hypothesis Sociologists ask questions about the social world. When they carry out research, they questions in the forms of research aims and hypothesis. is planning to investigate and give a clear focus to put these Research aim set out what the researcher the study. Budget etc. depends on the Aims. 5. Mt is us A hypothesis is @ hunch or informed guess. tested and then either supported by the evider ty written as @ statement that can be «| (proven wrong). Research Aims or Hypothesis: The media causes violent behaviour. Hypothesis i 2: People have a stereotypical view of women because of the wa! yitiGh they are represented in the media. Hypothesis Ww 3, To find out and compare the pattern of divorce of white ay a ACF> in the UK. Aims A ind people's 4. To find out if the family is still important today.@ experience of different types of family. Aims @ 5, Prisons do not help:o reduce crime. Hypothasié)

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