HEALTH CARE
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND
INFECTION PREVENTION
AND CONTROL
Chapter 12
Introduction
Health care epidemiology is the study of the
occurrence, determinants, and distribution of
health and disease within health care settings
Health and disease- are the result of complex
interactions between pathogens, patients, and
the health care environment.
The primary focus of health care epidemiology
is on infection control and preventing health
care- associated infections (HAis).
HCE's ACTIVITIES TO STUDY AND
IMPROVE PATIENT-CARE
OUTCOMES
surveillance measures
risk reduction programs focused on device and
procedure management
policy development and implementation
education of health care personnel in infection
control practices and procedures
cost-benefit assessment of prevention and
control programs
and any measures designed to eliminate or
contain reservoirs of infection, interrupt the
transmission of infection, and protect patients,
health care workers, and visitors against
infection and disease.
WO CATEGORIES OF
T
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Infections that are acquired Infections that are acquired INSIDE
OUTSIDE health care facilities. the hospital and other health care
facilities.
Those that are present or
incubating at the time of hospital All other infections are considered
admission. HAis, including those that erupt
within 14 days of hospital
discharge.
HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
and
IATROGENIC INFECTIONS
FOUR MOST PREVALENT
BACTERIA THAT CAUSE HAIs
01 02 03 04
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE and
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ESCHERICHIA COLI
KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA
ODES OF
M
TRANSMISSIONS
and
PRECAUTIONS
CONTACT TRANSMISSION
DIRECT CONTACT INDIRECT CONTACT
MECHANISM PREVENTION MECHANISM PREVENTION
CONTACT AND CONTACT
ENTERIC PRECAUTION
CONTACT CONTACT ENTERIC
DROPLET TRANSMISSION
MECHANISM PREVENTION
DROPLET PRECAUTION
AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
MECHANISM PREVENTION
AIRBORNE PRECAUTION
THE TWO LEVELS OF
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
STANDARD PRECAUTION
THE TWO LEVELS OF
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
TRANSMISSION-BASED
PRECAUTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
is a set of practices and procedures designed to prevent contamination from
pathogens during medical procedures, laboratory work, and other activities
where maintaining a sterile environment is crucial. The goal of aseptic technique
is to minimize the risk of introducing infectious agents into a sterile field or onto
surfaces, equipment, or materials that could potentially cause harm to patients
or compromise experimental results.
wo Main Categories
T
EDICAL ASEPSIS
M SURGICAL ASEPSIS
HAND WASHING/HAND HYGIENE
The Father of Hand Washing
Ignaz PhilipP Semmelweis
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
Environmental control in
healthcare refers to the
management and regulation of
various factors within
healthcare facilities to ensure
the safety, comfort, and well-
being of patients, staff, and
visitors while also minimizing
the risk of infection and
promoting healing.
Thank you!
