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CAPPING AND LAMINATION Latest
PICKING AND STICKING Blogs
WEIGHT VARIATION • Topics of
MOTTLING the month
DOUBLE IMPRESSION july
http://www.pharmainfo.net/gate-quizzes/processing-problems-of-tablets 08/07/2011
Processing Problems Of Tablets | Pharmainfo.net Page 2 of 6
CAPPING AND LAMINATION • Wanted to
• Capping:- Partial or complete separation of top or know
bottom about
crowns of tablet main body. MESOPHASE,
• Lamination:- Separation of a tablet into two or more here
distinct comes the
layers. blog for
• Friability test can be used to reveal these problems you...!
• 2nd half
starts with
S.No Reasons Remedies July
topics..
1. Air entrapment in the By pre-compression, Reducing
• Soil is not
tablet among final compression, Minimizing
required
granules or among tableting rate
for plants
particles
• Clinical
Practice &
Research
2. Deformational Increasing stress relaxation
Workshop
properties of time
at RIPER
formulation during
Anantapur
and after
• INSULIN
compression
PREPARATION
• KINETICS
• SOMNILOQUY
3. Improper/Deep Better to use flat punches
• Get
concave punches
rewards
for your
4. Over dried granules By maintaining moisture levels
search
(Due to lack of using hygroscopic materials
cohesion) like MC (Methyl Cellulose), skill in
Sorbitol, PEG 4000 literature
(Polyethylene glycol) etc. and patent
• Do you
5. Improper tooling: Proper tooling: think this
Ø Concave Ø Checking of punches and is
edges of punches replacing them correct…..??
turning claw shaped more
Ø Proper checking and
Ø Greater radius of replacing them
curvature of punch
Ø Turning the die over so that
face compression occurs in an
Ø Dies developing a unworn area above ring
wear ring shape
Ø Proper setting of sweep off
Ø Improper blade & lower punch rise
adjustment of sweep
off blade
Ø Less rise of lower
punch during ejection
of tablet
http://www.pharmainfo.net/gate-quizzes/processing-problems-of-tablets 08/07/2011
Processing Problems Of Tablets | Pharmainfo.net Page 3 of 6
6. Poor compressibility Relative compressibility is to
observed during be maintained
direct compression
technique
PICKING AND STICKING
Picking:-
Adherence of the tablet material from the surface of a tablet
by a punch
Reasons:
• Because of engraving or embossing or debossing on the
punch tips like
small enclosed areas in the letters like “A”, “B”, “D”,
“O”, “Q” etc
Remedies:
• Lettering should be designed as large as possible, even the
tablet size
can be increased by reformulation
• Colloidal silica can be added as polishing agent to formula
• Using additional binder to increase cohesiveness of
granules and thereby
causing decreased adherence
• Plating of punch faces with a chromium material to obtain
smooth face
which is non-adherent
Sticking:-
Adherence of tablet material to the die walls resulting in
chipping of tablet
edges producing rough edges and causing the lower punches
uneasy to move resulting
in damage of cam tracks and punch faces
Reasons:
• Presence of low melting point substances in the formula
ex. stearic
acid, PEG (Polyethylene glycol) etc , which gets soften due
to compressive heat
• Excessive moisture in the granules
Remedies:
• Partial or complete substitution of low melting point
components with
high melting point materials in the formula
• Proper drying of the granules to remove excessive
moisture
WEIGHT VARIATION
Granule size and size distribution
Reasons:
• Proportion of small to large granules influence the die
filling capacity
and thereby results in weight variation of tablets
• If large granules are used to fill small die cavities, even a
small
difference in granules results in high percent weight
http://www.pharmainfo.net/gate-quizzes/processing-problems-of-tablets 08/07/2011
Processing Problems Of Tablets | Pharmainfo.net Page 4 of 6
variation of tablets
Remedies:
• Uniform size distribution (Narrow) and smaller granular
size is preferable
Poor flow
Reasons:
• Improper design of hopper
• Poor flow of granules
• Bridging/arching and rat-holing of granules at the bottom
of the hopper
• Segregation or stratification of particles due to use of flow
promoting
devices like vibrators
• Surges of excessive flow above the hopper
Remedies:
• Flow can be improved by using glidants like talc, colloidal
silica etc.
• By proper design of the hopper
• By using flow enhancing devices like vibrators
• By preparing uniform sized and shaped granules
Poor mixing
Reasons:
• Improper mixing of ingredients like glidants and lubricants
useful for
proper flow and punching
• Insufficient or inadequate time of mixing
Remedy:
• Proper mixing by maintaining adequate time and using
suitable mixer
Punch variation
Reason:
• Unequal lengths of lower punches which results in
variations of granular
volume filled in die
Remedy:
• Proper tooling by using good and uniform sized punches
Hardness variation
Reasons:
• Due to weight variation in granules filled in die
• Space between lower and upper punches
Remedy:
• Proper tooling of machine
MOTTLING
Unequal distribution of colour on the tablet surface with light
and dark areas
standing out in an otherwise uniform coloured surface
Reasons:
• Variation in the colours of ingredients (drug and other
additives)
• Drugs with degradation nature and have different coloured
degraded products
http://www.pharmainfo.net/gate-quizzes/processing-problems-of-tablets 08/07/2011
Processing Problems Of Tablets | Pharmainfo.net Page 5 of 6
• Migration of dye to the surface of granulation during drying
• Uneven distribution of colored adhesive gel solutions
resulting in precipitation
Remedies:
• By using bright coloring agent that will mask all the color
variations
of the ingredients
• Proper drying by reducing the drying temperature
• Colored adhesive gel solutions must be added when they
are hot to much
cooler powder mixtures to avoid precipitation
• It is better to incorporate fine powder adhesives like acacia
and tragacanth
into product before adding the granulating fluid
• By changing the solvent system or binder system
• Grinding to small particle size
DOUBLE IMPRESSION
Reason:
Uncontrolled movement of punches with engravings on them
Remedy:
Using anti-turning devices
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Submitted by VIKASH MISHRA on Sun, 08/16/2009 - 08:39.
how i can open this page?
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