PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1C and

Science (Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1C

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November 2021
Question Paper Log Number P66058RA
Publications Code 4CH1_1C_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment.

Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the
same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) A 1
A is the correct answer because A contains one
element and the atoms are not joined to other
atoms.

B is incorrect because B contains molecules of an

element.
C is incorrect because C contains molecules of a
compound
D is incorrect. D contains an element but the
atoms are joined together to form a giant covalent
structure.

(ii) C 1
C is the correct answer because C contains atoms of
two different elements chemically bonded
together.

A is incorrect because A is an element.

B is incorrect because B is an element.
D is incorrect because D is an element.

(iii) B 1
B is correct because B shows two atoms of the same
element chemically bonded together e.g. H2

A is incorrect because A contains atoms of an

element
C in incorrect because C contains molecules of a
compound with the formula e.g. H2O
D is incorrect because C contains a giant covalent
structure that could have the formula C

(b) M1 two different elements ALLOW two different 2

types of/sizes of atom.

M2 not (chemically) joined / (chemically) bonded

together

5
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) fluorine has the fewest number of shells / energy ALLOW fluorine has the 1
levels fewest number of
electrons

IGNORE references to
protons, neutrons,
atomic number and
mass number
(ii) C 1

C is the correct answer because iodine is in period

5 therefore has 5 shells and group 7 therefore has
7 electrons in its outer shell.

A is incorrect because arsenic has 5 shells and 4

electrons in its outer shell.
B is incorrect because selenium has 4 shells and 6
electrons in its outer shell.
D is incorrect because the number of shells and
number of electrons in the outer shell in iodine
have been reversed.

(b) (i) M1 does not need heating 2

M2 reacts very quickly must imply quicker

reaction than chlorine

(ii) M1 as the atoms get bigger 2

M2 the reactivity decreases ACCEPT reverse

argument

6
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) oxygen IGNORE air 1

ACCEPT O2

(ii) (hydrated) iron (III) oxide ALLOW iron oxide 1

/ferric oxide

REJECT incorrect
oxidation states of iron

(b) (i) M1 plastic acts as a barrier ALLOW forms a 2

protective layer

M2 therefore stops oxygen / water getting to the ALLOW air in place of

iron oxygen

(ii) galvanising ALLOW sacrificial 1

protection

IGNORE sacrificial
method

(iii) M1 zinc is more reactive than iron /higher in the 2

reactivity series than iron

M2 therefore reacts / oxidises / corrodes in IGNORE references to

preference to iron rates of reaction

REJECT references to
zinc rusting

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) 14 1

(ii) 2.5 REJECT any charge 1

shown

IGNORE brackets

(iii) M1 same number of protons IGNORE references to 2

numbers of electrons

M2 different numbers of neutrons

2
(iv) M1 (three) more electrons than protons REJECT incorrect
numbers of electrons
M2 electrons have a negative charge and protons
have a positive charge

(b) M1 (98.930 × 12) + (1.070 × 13) ÷ 100 2

M2 12.01 ALLOW 1 mark for

1201.07 if not divided
by 100 as long as given
to 2dp

correct answer to 2
decimal places with or
without working scores
2 marks.
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) Any one from: 1

M1 add more limewater (to cover tube on left)

M2 the glass tube on the left should be longer/in

the limewater

(b) (i) M1 volume of carbon dioxide = 10 (cm3) 2

M2 10÷76 × 100 = 13.2 (%) correct answer with or

without working scores
2 marks.

ACCEPT any number of

significant figures
except 1

REJECT incorrect
rounding

ALLOW ecf on incorrect

volume of carbon
dioxide

ALLOW 66/76 x 100 =

86.8 for 1 mark

(ii) limewater turns (from colourless to) cloudy or milky ALLOW white 1
precipitate

(iii) M1 the percentage/amount of carbon dioxide in the ALLOW there is 0.04% 2

air is too small of carbon dioxide in the
air

M2 therefore the reading on the syringe would ALLOW the change on

change by less than 1 cm3 the gas syringe would
be too small

ALLOW syringe not

precise/accurate
enough to measure
small volume changes
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (c) (i) copper(II) oxide ALLOW copper oxide 1
/CuO

REJECT copper (I) oxide

(ii) the powder has a greater surface area (than larger ALLOW the powder 1
pieces of copper) reacts more quickly
(than larger pieces of
copper)

(iii) M1 argon/it has a full outer shell of electrons ALLOW has eight outer 2
shell electrons

M2 therefore does not lose or gain (or share)

electrons

10
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) Y 1

(ii) V 1

(iii) W 1

(iv) X 1

(v) displayed formula of but-1-ene or methylpropene 1

(vi) Any two from 2

M1 same general formula ALLOW same empirical

formula

M2 similar chemical properties ALLOW they react in a

similar way/same
chemical properties

M3 trend in physical properties ACCEPT named physical

property e.g. trend in
boiling points

M4 each consecutive member differs by a CH2 group

(b) (i) M1 38.7 9.7 51.6 0 marks if upside down 2

12 1 16 calculation or use of
atomic numbers
OR 3.225 9.7 3.225

M2 (divide by smallest)
1 3 1

(ii) M1 Mr of CH3O = 31 C2H6O2 without working 2

scores 2
M2 (62 ÷ 31 = 2 so molecular formula is) C2H6O2

11
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) N2 + O2 → 2NO ALLOW fractions and 1
multiples

IGNORE state symbols,

even if incorrect

(ii) the reaction has a high activation energy / Ea ACCEPT to give the 1
reactants enough
energy to react

ACCEPT a lot of energy

is required to break the
bonds in the reactants

ALLOW nitrogen is
unreactive

(iii) acid rain ACCEPT references to 1

respiratory problems

ALLOW a specific
harmful effect of acid
rain

ALLOW references to
smog

ALLOW references to
greenhouse gases /
global warming /
climate change

ALLOW toxic

(b) (i) M1 catalyst provides an alternative reaction route/ 2

pathway

M2 with lower activation energy

(ii) M1 particles / molecules are closer together ACCEPT more particles 3

in a smaller volume
/space
M2 therefore more collisions

M3 per unit time

more frequent collisions
scores M2 and M3

any reference to
increasing energy max =
1
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(c) (i) M1 one pair of electrons between the nitrogen and 2

each hydrogen

M2 two non-bonding electrons on the nitrogen M2 dep on M1

(ii) M1 (electrostatic) attraction between nuclei nuclei must be plural

M2 and shared pair(s) of electrons ALLOW bonding pair(s)

of electrons
OR 2

M1 (electrostatic) attraction between shared pair(s) ALLOW bonding pair(s)

of electrons of electrons

M2 and nuclei (of both atoms) nuclei must be plural

(iii) M1 forces between molecules/intermolecular forces ALLOW intermolecular

(of attraction) are weak bonds are weak

M2 and therefore require little energy to overcome IGNORE less energy

Mention of breaking
covalent bonds = 0

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) Any six from: 6

M1 add barium carbonate (one spatula at a time) to

the acid

M2 until the barium carbonate is in excess ALLOW until some

barium carbonate is
left/no longer
effervesces
/fizzes/bubbles

M3 filter off the excess barium carbonate M3 dep on M2

M4 heat solution to evaporate some of the water ALLOW heat until

crystals start to form

ALLOW heat until

solution is saturated

ALLOW heat until

crystals form on the end
of a glass rod/heat to
crystallisation point

M5 cool or leave to crystallise

M6 filter the crystals (from the solution) M6 dep on M5

IGNORE washing

M7 leave crystals in a warm place to dry ALLOW leave to dry

ALLOW dry on filter

paper

ALLOW dry in a
desiccator

ALLOW dry in a (warm)

oven

If solution is evaporated
to dryness M5, M6 and
M7 cannot be scored

(b) M1 add (dilute) acid before adding the barium ALLOW any named acid 2
chloride except sulfuric acid

M2 white precipitate M2 is dependent on M1

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) M1 and M2 all points correctly plotted to the deduct 1 mark for each 2
nearest half a square error

(ii) smooth curve of best fit 1

(iii) An explanation that links any two of the following 2

points

M1 polystyrene is an insulator

M2 reduces thermal energy/heat coming in from the

surroundings OWTTE

M3 temperature decrease will be closer to true ALLOW results will be

value OWTTE more accurate

(iv) Any one from: 1

M1 the student recorded the temperature before ALLOW less than 0.5 g
adding the sodium carbonate /the temperature had of/not enough sodium
not stopped decreasing OWTTE carbonate was added

M2 the student forgot to the stir the mixture

(v) (two) results at the end are the same ALLOW the 1
temperature stops
decreasing

(vi) An explanation that links together 2

M1 the reaction is endothermic REJECT exothermic for

both marks
and either of the following points

M2 it takes in thermal energy/heat from the

surroundings

OR

M3 as shown by the temperature decrease (of the ALLOW references to

reaction mixture) cooling

No M2 or M3 if the
statements contradict
one another
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (b) (i) to prevent acid / liquid / solution splashing out 1

(ii) M1 (Mr of sodium carbonate) = 106 3

M2 (moles of sodium carbonate 2.12 ÷ 106 =) 0.02 ALLOW ecf from M1

M2 subsumes M1

M3 (mass of carbon dioxide 0.02 × 44 =) 0.88 (g) ALLOW answer from M2

x 44

answer of 0.88 (g) with

or without working
scores 3

(iii) Any one from: 1

M1 the sodium carbonate is impure

M2 some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the

acid/solution

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) fractional distillation ALLOW distillation 1

REJECT simple
distillation

(ii) evaporation ALLOW evaporating 1

/boiling

(iii) condensation ALLOW condensing 1

(b) (i) M1 (mass ethanol 15.50 × 0.79 =) 12.245 (g) 2

M2 (moles ethanol = 12.245 ÷ 46 =) 0.266 (mol) ALLOW any number of

significant figures
except 1

ALLOW ecf from M1

OR

M1 (1 cm3 ethanol = 0.79 ÷ 46 =) 0.0172 mol

M2 (15.5 cm3 ethanol = 0.0172 × 15.5 =) 0.267 (mol) ALLOW any number of
significant figures
except 1

ALLOW ecf from M1

correct answer with or

without working
scores 2.

(ii) answer from (b)(i) × 6 × 1023 ALLOW any number of 1

e.g. (0.266  6.0 x 1023 =) 1.60 x 1023 significant figures
except 1

ALLOW answer in
ordinary form
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (c) (i) M1 add anhydrous copper sulfate ALLOW add white copper 2
sulfate

M2 turns blue M2 dependent on M1

ALLOW

M1 add anhydrous cobalt

chloride/ cobalt chloride
paper

M2 turns pink

M2 dependent on M1

2
(ii) M1 measure boiling point

M2 is 100°C
ALLOW melting/freezing
point is 0°C for both
marks

10 (d) (i) M1 ΔT = 49.5°C correct answer with or 3

without working scores 3

M2 Q = mcΔT OR 100  4.2  49.5 ALLOW ecf from M1

M3 20 790 J ALLOW 20 800

(ii) M1 20.790 kJ ALLOW answer to 10(c)(i) 2

÷ 1 000

M2 (20.790 ÷ 0.0200 =) -1039.5 (kJ/mol) ALLOW any number of

significant figures from 3

ALLOW M1 ÷ 0.0200 as
long as answer is
negative.

REJECT incorrect
rounding.

REJECT positive answer.

15
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) (i) displacement ALLOW redox 1

(ii) (manganese) 1
chromium
cadmium
tin

(b) (copper and magnesium sulfate) 5

M1 no colour change

M2 copper is less reactive than magnesium ORA ALLOW copper is below

/copper cannot displace magnesium magnesium in the
reactivity series ORA

IGNORE copper and

magnesium sulfate do
not react

M2 dep on M1

(zinc and iron sulfate)

M3 zinc turns (from light grey to) dark grey ALLOW zinc becomes
coated in a dark grey
metal

M4 solution turns (from green to) colourless

M5 zinc is more reactive than iron ORA/ zinc ALLOW zinc is above
displaces iron iron in the reactivity
series ORA

ALLOW zinc reduces

iron ions (ignore charge
given as long as the
charge is positive)

(c) (i) Any two from 2

M1 concentration of dilute sulfuric acid

M2 temperature

M3 surface area of the metal ALLOW size of piece of

metal

(ii) calcium sulfate forms a layer / coating around the ALLOW calcium sulfate 1
calcium metal prevents the sulfuric
acid coming into
contact with calcium.
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(d) M1 (moles of aluminium =) 1÷27 OR 0.0370 moles ALLOW any number of 2

significant figures
except 1
M2 (moles of sulfuric acid required = 0.0370  3 =)
2
0.0556 moles (and there is more moles of sulfuric ALLOW 0.0555 if
acid) candidate has used
rounded value of 0.0370
moles

OR

M1 (moles of aluminium required =) 0.0400

M2 (mass of aluminium required = 27  0.0400 =)

1.08 g (and there is less than 1.08 g)

12
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