The Research Title
summarizes the main idea of the study simply
identifies the variables or theoretical issues under investigation and the relationship between
them.
AVOID
words that serve no useful purpose; they increase length and can mislead indexers,
using abbreviations in a title
Introduction
The introduction announces the topic and establishes the context of the research,explaining the
reasons for doing the study,and summarizing the researcher's current understanding on the
problem.
The following are the suggested steps in writing an introduction
1. Introduce your topic
2. Establish the context of the research problem and background
3. State the research and methods you want to carry out
4. State your reasons for doing the research
5. Explain why your research is important
6. Summarize your understanding of the research.
7. State your hypothesis
The following are the suggested information that you can include in the background of the study:
1. Definition-define concepts included in your study
Example:Test-anxiety is a "situation-specific personalitytrait that occurs before, during and after
a testing session" (Michele, 2006). It may also be defined as "the uneasiness, apprehension, or
nervousness felt bystudents who have a fear of failing an exa㎡ (Ogundokun, 2011).
2. Causes and effects-when discussing the problem at hand, you may highlight its causes and
effects to the concerned subjects
Example: Test-anxiety has cognitive causes that bring out physiological effects. A person with
test anxiety is a situation or condition where the person experiences tension due to fear as
manifested by their increase in heart rate, rapidity of breathing and immobilization (University of
Rhode Islands, 2020).
3. Methodology-you may cite the methods used in other researches to address the problem at
hand.
Example: “Test-anxiety can be investigated through experimental study. Using this method, the
researcher is tasked to create conditions which could stimulate test anxiety and provide possible
treatment to battle it out."
4.Historical Background-may mention previous and notable researches from which your topic is
based.
Example: “Dance may have originated in the form of rudimentary as early as 1.8 million years
ago, when the bipedal anatomy of Homo ergaster can move the body fully which enhanced the
communication and body language (Mithen, 2005 as cited in Sevdalis & Keller, 2011)."
5.Problems and issues-current issues or problems of your specific topic
6. Comparison of ideas-you may compare and contrast the ideas and methods indicated in
previous researches related to your topic.
Example: "Music has also been proven to increase the intelligence quotient of children when
engaging in practical music making (Hallam, 2008; Jenkins, 2001; Kokotsaki & Hallam, 2011).
With that, it can be said that music can really affect a person's performance task."
7. Advantages and disadvantages-you may highlight the need for further investigation by
highlighting advantages and disadvantages
Example: "Autocratic coaching style of 'intense style' is applied when the coach assumes
authority and decision-making centralized. An advantage of this coaching style includes a
directive and dominating coach who prepares for any type of competition. However, the down
side of this coaching style is one-way learning process."
The Scope refers to the limits of the process in which your study will be conducted.
It is the extent and focus of the area of information or subject being analyzed and topics the
researcher intends to cover.
The Scope discusses the variables that will be examined and the methods that are going to be
used.
Delimitations are parameters or boundaries the researcher makes to
narrow the scope of his/her research.
Explains why some definite aspects of the subjects were chosen and why others were excluded
Researcher mentions the following in Delimitations:
·number of participants
-the place where the study will take place or gather data
--instruments to be used
time frame for completing the study
-Limitations are shortcomings, conditions or influences that cannot be controlled by the
researcher that impose restrictions on the methodology and conclusion.
-They are the constraints on generalizability.
The Significance of the Study states the benefits of the study and who the beneficiaries will be.
The Statement of the Problem concentrates on the issue or problem that the researcher intends
to investigate.
The general statement of the problem maybe written in the form of objectives.
Therefore,this should answer two basic questions:
1. What do you intend to do?
2.What is the main purpose of your study?
It maybe stated in this general pattern:
This study aims to investigate the___(indicate the topic) of (indicate the respondents of the
study) at the ___(indicate the locale of the study) for the (indicate the period of the study or time
frame)
Considering a topic on study habits:
This study aims to investigate the study habits of senior high school students at the Guagua
National Colleges for the Academic Year 2019-2020.
Writing the research questions:
Research questions are specific questions in the specific objectives of the interrelationships of
variables
Among the most common formats are as follows:
This study aims to or will determine, compare,contrast,investigate, examine, develop, clarify,
test or evaluate the issue being studied
Objectives of the Study
The research objectives describe and summarize clear, concise, precise, declarative statement
of what to expect and to be achieved in doing a study. It provides direction in investigating the
variables under study. Remember that the Objectives of the Study present both the general
objectives and specific objectives of the study.
Characteristics of Research Objectives:
1. Research objective i the research is tryin ent describing what
2. Research objective should be:
S-Smart
M-Measurable
A-Attainable
R-Realistic
T-Timebound
3.Research objective should be relevant, feasible, logical, observable, unequivocal,and
measurable
4. Research objective is a purpose that can be reasonably achieved within the expected time
frame and with the available resources.
5.The Research objectives include obtaining answers to research questions and the research
hypotheses.
6. Include general and specific objectives.
Examples of Research Objectives [Business]
Statement of the Problem: Product variation influencing the repeat buying preference of
customers.
Purpose of the Study: Investigate the influence of product variation on repeat buying preference
of customers.
Objectives of the Study:
1. Compute the respondents' level of acceptance to the factors influencing repeat buying
preference.
a. Product Variation
b. Price
c.Location
2. Determine the customers' frequency of buying preference with product variation as the factor
of influence
3.Determine the strength of relationship between the product variation and customer's repeat
buying preference (hypothesis).
Statement of the Problem:Family stress influencing the academic performance
Purpose of the Study:Determine the correlation of family stress and student's academic
performance.
Objectives of the Study
1. Determine the respondent's final academic grades.
2.Determine the respondent's levels of family stress.
3.Determine correlation between family stress and academic performance(hypothesis)
4.Determine the respondent's demographic profile as to age,gender, religion, family
status,family educational background.
Examples of Research Objectives[Engineering-Investigative]
Statement of the Problem: Determine how the battery works in producing and extinguishing light
when connected to an on and off switch.
Purpose of the Study:Develop a prototype and demonstrate how the battery works in producing
and extinguishing the light when connected to on and off switch.
Objectives of the Study:
1.Compute for the electric current flowing in the battery with 1 atom thick wire and 1electron per
atom.
2.Measure flow of electron per second.
3.Measure the electric provisions when battery dies.
4.Describe and demonstrate the conversion of chemical energy to electric energy to make the
battery work (hypothesis).
Examples of Research Objectives[Engineering-Experimental]
Statement of the Problem: Reinforcing traditional brick with coconut fiber.
Purpose of the Study: Develop a coconut fiber reinforced brick with higher flexural,compressive
and tensile strength than conventional brick.
Objectives of the Study:
1. Compute for the measurement of aggregates and other materials and ingredients needed in
producing a conventional brick.
2. Compute for the measurement of aggregates and other materials and ingredients needed in
producing a coconut fiber reinforced brick.
3. Compute for the compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of traditional and coconut fiber
reinforced brick.
Summary
The Introduction of a research includes,Research Title,Introduction, Background of the
Study,Scope of the Study,Significance of the Study. Statement of the Problem and Objective of
the Study.
·The Research Title summarizes the main idea of the study.
·The Background of the Study includes brief account of the history of the problem,mentioning
whether it has been addressed in any form.
Scope of the Study includes the study's extent and focus of the area of information or subject
being analyzed;delimitations,which are the boundaries to narrow down scope; and limitations
which are the influences beyond the researcher's control.
Significance of the Study states the study's benefits and who the beneficiaries are.
Statement of the Problem concentrate on the issue or problem the researcher intends to
investigate.
Objectives of the Study describe and summarize clear,concise, precise,declarative statement of
what to expect and to be achieved in doing a study
