Bode plot Is the plot that provide a straightforward and common way of describing the
frequency response of a linear time invariant system. It shows frequency response that is, the
change in magnitude and phase as the function of frequency.
The information of bodeplot can be used to quantify feedback of the system by using phase
and gain margins
Phase and gain margins
Phase margin is measured at the frequency where gain equals 0 dB. This is commonly
referred to as the “crossover frequency”. Phase margin is a measure of the distance from the
measured phase to a phase shift of -180°. In other words, how many degrees the phase must
be decreased in order to reach -180°.
Gain margin, is measured at the frequency where the phase shift equals -180°. Gain margin
indicates the distance, in dB, from the measured gain to a gain of 0 dB. These values, 0 dB
and -180° are important because system instability occurs if these two values meet.
Gain and phase margins represent the distance from the points at which instability could
occur. The greater the distance or margin the better, because higher gain and phase margins
mean greater stability. A loop with a gain margin of zero or even less would only be
conditionally stable and could easily become unstable if gain changed. A typical goal for
phase margin is to have at least 45 degrees, and even higher values might be desirable in
more critical applications.