Practice Questions ( _ / 44)
Question 1 (2 marks)
Phosphine (PH3) is used as an insecticide in the storage of grain.
Phosphine can be produced by the reaction of water with aluminium phosphide, according to
the equation:
AlP(s) + 3H2O(l) → PH3(g) + Al(OH)3(aq)
State the type of bonding and outline the structure of phosphine.
Question 2 (3 marks)
The table below contains some information about sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide:
Electronegativity Solubility in
Substance Shape of Molecule difference water at 25°C
between elements (gL-1)
Carbon Dioxide 1.0 1.45
Sulfur Dioxide 1.0 94
Explain fully why carbon dioxide is much less soluble in water than sulfur dioxide is in
water.
Question 3 (3 marks)
Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the Periodic Table. Explain why
electronegativity increases as you move across and up the Periodic Table.
Question 4 (9 marks)
a) In 1913, a Danish physicist, Niels Bohr, proposed a model for an atom of hydrogen.
Outline the features of this model. (3 marks)
b) How is Bohr’s theory supported by the emission spectrum of hydrogen, which
consists of a set number of discrete lines? (2 marks)
c) Identify ways in which our present understanding of the electron structure of atoms in
general differs from that proposed by Bohr for the hydrogen atom. (2 marks)
d) Hydrogen can form both ionic and covalent compounds. Explain this statement,
identifying examples of ionic and covalent bonding in compounds of hydrogen. (2
marks)
Question 5 (4 marks)
The graph below shows data on the first and second ionisation energies of the Group 1
Metals.
Explain, using specific examples from the graph, how details of the atomic structure of these
elements can be used to account for the trends shown.
Question 6 (3 marks)
While reading a geology magazine, a student examined the structures of silicon dioxide and
diamond, shown below:
The student concluded that the two chemicals were allotropes. State TWO significant
structural similarities between these two substances and evaluate the students’ conclusion.
Question 7 (14 marks)
a) Complete the table below: (6 marks)
Type of Solid Structure
Chemical Element or (molecule, ionic lattice,
Name
Formula Compound? covalent network, metallic
lattice)
Na2CO3
SiO2
NH3
Cu
CO2
CH4
b) Which of the above substances would you expect to be a conductor of electricity in
the molten state? Explain your reasoning? (2 marks)
c) Which of the above substances would you expect to have the highest melting point?
Explain your reasoning? (2 marks)
d) NH3, CO2, and CH4 have lower boiling points than the other substances listed, yet
these 3 still differ considerably in their boiling points.
Explain this statement, using these examples in your response. (4 marks)
Question 8 (6 marks)
Technetium-99 is a radioisotope commonly used in medical imaging, as it releases gamma
radiation through its decay. However, its use is mitigated by its short half life of only 6 hours,
meaning that it must be prepared onsite before use. Unfortunately, most hospitals do not have
a nuclear reactor to produce it on demand.
To overcome these issues, Molybdenum-99 is shipped instead, due to its longer half-life of 66
hours.
a) Write a balanced radioactive decay equation for Molybdenum-99 to Technetium-99.
(2 marks)
b) Using the Periodic Table, state the likely differences between these two atoms. (2
marks)
c) Hospitals are supplied with Molydbenum-99 atoms bound to a special resin. When
needed, a solution is run through the resin, and any Technetium-99 produced is
dissolved and collected.
What is the likely chemical property used to separate these two atoms. Justify your
answer. (2 mark)
