JEE Determinants & Matrices Solutions
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Narendra GaddamJEE Determinants & Matrices Solutions
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SOLUTION OF
DETERMINANTS &
MATRICES
DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
EXERCISE-1 (Subjective Questions)
SECTION-A [DETERMINANT]
2
7 5 3i 4i
3
Q.1 (a) Prove that the value of the determinant 5 3i 8 4 5i is real.
2
4i 4 5i 9
3
2
2 7 5 3i 4i
7 5 3i 4i 3
3 5 3i 8 4 5i
[Sol. D = 5 3i 8 4 5i or D = conjugate of D = 2
2 4i 4 5i 9
4i 4 5i 9 3
3
2
7 5 2i 4i
3
5 3i 8 4 5i
but DT = 2 =D= D
4i 4 5i 9
3
hence D = D D is real
If z is real z= z
and if z is purely imaginary zz = 0 ]
Q.1 (b) On which one of the parameter out of a, p, d or x, the value of the determinant
1 a a2
cos(p d) x cos px cos(p d) x does not depend.
sin(p d) x sin px sin(p d) x
[Ans. p]
[Sol. expanding
D = 1 [cos px sin(p + d)x – sin px cos (p + d)x] – a[sin(p + d)x cos (p – d)x – cos (p + d)x sin (p – d)x]
+ a2[sin px cos(p – d)x – cos px sin(p – d)x]
sin dx – a[sin 2(dx)] + a2 sin dx
Hence D does not depend on p. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
x3 1 x 2 x
Q.1 (c) If y3 1 y 2 y = 0 and x , y , z are all different then , prove that xyz = 1.
z3 1 z 2 z
x2 x 1 1 x2 x 1 x x2 1 x x2
x3 1 x 2 x
[Sol. If y 3 1 y 2 y2 y 1 + 1 y2 y = – x 1 y y – 1 y y2
2
y = xyz 2
z z 1 1 z2 z 1 z z2 1 z z2
z3 1 z 2 z
1 x x2
2
= – 1 y y2 (x + y + z) = (x – y)(y – z)(z – x)(x + y + z + 1) = 0
1 z z
as x y z, hence xyz = – 1 hence proved.]
Q.2 Prove that
a 2 2a 2a 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 2a 1 a 2 1 = (a 1)3 (b) x y z = [(xy) (yz) (zx) (x+y+z)]
3 3 1 x3 y3 z3
[Sol.
(a 3)(a 1) 2(a 1) 0
(a) R1 R1 – R3 and R2 R2 – R3 , 2(a 1) a 1 0
3 3 1
(a 3) 2 0
(a – 1)2 2 1 0 = expand through 3rd column (a – 1)3 hence proved.
3 3 1
1 1 1 0 0 1
(b) x y z = x y yz z
x3 y3 z3 x y3
3
y3 z3 z3
0 0 1
= (x – y)(y – z) 2 1 1 z
x y 2 xy y 2 z 2 yz z 3
C1 C1 – C2
0 0 1
= = (x – y)(y – z) 2 2 0 1 z
x z xy yz y z yz z 3
2 2
through 3rd column
(x – y)(y – z)(z – x) (x + y + z) = RHS Hence proved.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3
x 1
2
Q.3 (a) Let f (x) = 2 2 1 . Find the minimum value of f (x) (given x > 1).
1 0 1
x 1 2
[Ans. 4]
3
x 1
2 1 3 2 1 3 4
[Sol. y= 2 2 1 = x(1 – 0)– 1 – 0 =x–1+ + = (x – 1) +
x 1 2 x 1 x 1 x 1 ( x 1)
1 0 1
x 1 2
By applyingA.M.–G.M. inequality, we have [11th, 31-1-2010,P-1]
4 4
y = (x – 1) + 2 ( x 1) =4 (As x > 1)
x 1 x 1
3 1 3 2 9 2 1 3 2
ymin = 2 2 1 = 1 2 1 = 9 1 = 4
12 0 12 0 0 12 2
3
1 1
2 4 1
f ' (x) = 0 2 1 = 0; f ' (x) = 1 – ( x 1) 2 ; 1(1) – ( x 1) 2 [1 + 3] = 0
1 1
0
( x 1)2 2
4
= 1; x – 1 = 2 or – 2; x = 3 or x = – 1 rejected ]
( x 1) 2
Q.3(b) If a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc + ca 0, then find the value of the determinant
(a b 2) 2 a 2 b2 1
1 (b c 2) 2 b c2 .
2
c a2
2
1 (c a 2) 2
[Ans. 65]
[Sol. We have a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca 0
(a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 0 [13th, 13-12-2009, P1]
a+b=0
b+c=0 a = b= c = 0
c+a=0
4 0 1
Now 1 4 0 = 4 ( 16 – 0) + 1 (1 – 0) = 65 Ans. ]
0 1 4
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
a b c bc ca a b
Q.4 If D = c a b and D = a b b c c a then prove that D= 2 D.
b c a ca a b bc
b c a c a b
[Sol. D' = a b b c c a + a b b c c a
ca a b bc ca a b bc
b c a c a b
= a b c + a b b c c a
ca a b bc a b c
b c a c a b
= a b c + b c a
c a b a b c
= 2D hence proved.
a bc ca ab a bc b c a b c
Aliter: D' = 2 a b c b c c a = 2 a b c a b = 2 c a b = 2D]
a bc a b bc a bc c a b c a
1 a 2 b2 2ab 2b
2 2
Q.5 Prove that 2ab 1 a b 2a = (1 + a² + b²)3.
2 2
2b 2a 1 a b
[Sol. C1 C1 – bC3 and C2 C2 + aC3
1 a 2 b2 0 2b 1 0 2b
= 0 1 a 2 b2 2a 2 2
= (1 + a + b )2 0 1 2a
2
b ba 2 b 3 2 2 2
(1 a b ) 1 a b 2 b a 1 a b2
= (1 – a2 – b2 + 2a2) + 2b(b) = a2 – b2 + 1 + 2b2 = 1 + a2 + b2 (1 + a2 + b2)3 H.P.]
4 2 1
Q.6 Prove that 4 2 1 = 64( )( )( )( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 1
2 ( ) 2 1 0
[Sol. =
( )
2 2
1 1
4
2 1
= ( + – – )2( + – – )2[( + – – )2 – ( + – – )2]
= ( + – – + + – – )( + – – – – + + ]
= 2( – ) ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Aliter: Let ( + – – )2 = a
( + – – )2 = b
( + – – )2 = c
a2 a 1
b2 b 1 = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a) = RHS.]
c2 c 1
Q.7 Solve for x
x 2 2 x 3 3x 4 x 2 2x 3 3x 4
(a) 2 x 3 3x 4 4 x 5 = 0. (b) x 4 2x 9 3x 16 = 0.
3x 5 5x 8 10 x 17 x 8 2x 27 3x 64
[Ans. (a) x = 1 or x = 2; (b) x = 4]
[Sol.
(a) R2 R2 – R1 and R3 R3 – 3R1
x 2 2 x 3 3x 4 x 2 2x 3 3x 4
x 1 x 1 x ; R3 R3 + R2 x 1 x 1 x
1 x 1 x 5 x 0 2x 5
x 2 2x 3 3x 4
using C2 C2 – C1 2x 3 x 1 4x 5
3x 5 2x 3 10x 17
x 2 x 1 0
C3 C3 – (C1 + 2C2) 2x 3 x 1 0
3x 5 2x 3 3x 6
x 2 x 1 0
R3 R3 – (R1 + R2) 2x 3 x 1 0
0 1 3( x 2)
x 2 x 1 0 x 2 x 1 0
R2 R2 – R1 x 1 0 0 = (x + 1) 1 0 0
0 1 3( x 2) 0 1 3( x 2)
= (x + 1)[3(x + 2)(x + 1)] = 0
x = – 1 or – 2
x 2x 3 3x 4 2 2x 3 3x 4
(b) D= x 2 x 9 3x 16 + 4 2x 9 3x 16 = 0
x 2x 27 3x 64 8 2x 27 3x 64
x 3 4 2 2x 3x 4 2 3 3x 4
D1 = 0 i.e. x 9 16 + 4 2x 3x 16 + 4 9 3x 16 = 0
x 27 64 8 2x 3x 64 8 27 3x 64
R1 R1 – R2 and R2 R2 – R3
4 6 12
D2 = 0, 25 18 48 =0
28 2x 27 3x 64
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
using C1 C1 + C2 – C3
1 2x 3 3x 4
3 2x 9 3x 16 = 0
28 2x 27 3x 64
2 3 0
25 18 12 = 0]
28 2x 27 ( x 10)
ax c b
Q.8 If a + b + c = 0 , solve for x : c bx a = 0.
b a cx
[Ans. x = 0 or x = ±
2
3 2
a b 2 c2 ]
[Sol. R1 R1 + R2 + R3 and a + b + c – x common
1 1 1
(a + b + c – x) c b x a =0
b a cx
C1 C1 – C2 and C2 C2 – C3
0 0 1
cb x ba x a = 0 or (a – c + x) (c – b + x) – (b – a – x) (b – a) = 0
ba a c x cx
(a – c) (c – b) + x (a – c + c – b) + x2 + x (b – a) – (b – a)2 = 0
x2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab (ac – ab – c2 + bc)
x2 = (a2 + b2 + c2) – (ab + bc + ca)
put a2 + b2 + c2 – 2 (ab + bc + ca)
3 2
x2 = (a + b2 + c2) ]
2
a2 ab ac
Q.9 Show that, ab b2 bc is divisible by 2 and find the other factor..
ac bc c2
[Ans:2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + ) ]
[Sol. Multiply R1, R2, R3 by a, b and c and divide the determinant by abc.
Taking a, b, c common from C1, C2 and C3 we get
a2 a2 a2
2 2
D= b b b2
c2 c2 c2
using C1 C1 – C3 and C2 C2 – C3
0 a2 1 0 a2 0 0 a 2 b2 c2
= 0 b 2 = 2 0 1 2
b2 = 0 1 b2
c2 1 1 c 2 1 1 c2
=2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + ) Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
Q.10 Prove that : (a 1) 2 (b 1) 2 2
(c 1) 4 a b c .
(a 1) 2 (b 1) 2 (c 1) 2 1 1 1
[Sol. R2 R2 – R3
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
4a 4b 4c = 4 2 a b c
2 2 2 2 2
a 2a 1 b 2b 1 c 2c 1 a 2a 1 b 2b 1 c 2c 1
now if we express one D as D1 + D2 + D3 where the 3 elements of 3rd row are written separately
then D1 and D2 will be 0 and
a2 b2 c2
=4 a b c hence proved.]
1 1 1
0 2x 2 2x 8 3 3
Q.11 If (x) = x 1 4 x 2 7 and f(x) = a ij cij where aij is the element of ith row
0 0 x4 j1 i 1
and jth column in (x) and cij is the cofactor of aij i and j, then find the greatest value of f(x) when
x [– 3, 18].
[Ans. 0]
3 3 3
[Sol. We have f (x) = a1 j cij a 2 j c 2 j a 3 j c3 j
j1 j1 j1
f (x) = (a11c11 + a12c12 + a13c13) + (a21c21 + a22c22 + a23c23) + (a31c31 + a32c32 + a33c33)
f (x) = (x) + (x) + (x) = 3(x)
(where (x) = – (x – 1) (2x – 2) (x + 4) = – 2 (x – 1)2 (x + 4))
f (x) = – 6 (x – 1)2 (x + 4)
So, f '(x) = – 6[(x – 1)2 1 + (x + 4) 2(x – 1)] = – 6(x – 1) (3x + 7)
y
–7
x= x=1
3
x
–4 O
f(x)
– 24
From the graph it can be easily observed that greatest value of f(x) in [– 3, 18] is 0 at x = 1. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.12 Solve the following using Cramer’s rule and state whether consistent or not.
x yz6 0 x 2y z 1 7 x 7 y 5z 3
(a) 2x y z 1 0 (b) 3x y z 6 (c) 3x y 5z 7
x y 2z 3 0 x 2y 0 2 x 3 y 5z 5
[Ans. (a) x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 3 ; consistent ;
(b) x = 2 , y = 1 , z = 1 ; consistent (c) inconsistent ]
[Sol.
(a) x+y+z=6
2x + y – z = 1
x + y – 2z = –3
1 1 1
D = 2 1 1 = 1(–2 + 1) –1(– 4 + 1) + 1(2 – 1) = –1 + 3 + 1 = 3
1 1 2
6 1 1
D1 = 1 1 1 = 6(–2 + 1) – 1(–2 – 3) + 1(1 + 3) = –6 + 5 + 4 = 3
3 1 2
1 6 1
D2 = 2 1 1 = 1(–2 – 3) – 6(– 4 +1) + 1(–6 –1) = –5 + 18 – 7 = 6
1 3 2
1 1 6
D3 = 2 1 1 = 1(–3 – 1) –1(–6 – 1) + 6(2 – 1) = – 4 + 7 + 6 = 9
1 1 3
D1 3 D2 6 9
x= =1; y= =2; z= =3
D 3 D 3 3
consistent system of equation.
(b) x + 2y + 2 = 1
3x + y + z = 6
x + 2y + 0 = 0
1 2 1
D = 3 1 1 = – 2 – 2(–1) + (6 – 1) = 5
1 2 0
1 2 1 1 1 1
D1 = 6 1 1 = – 2(1 – 6) = 10 ; D2 = 3 6 1 = 1(1 – 6) = – 5
0 2 0 1 0 0
1 2 1
D3 = 3 1 6 = 1(12 – 1) – 2(6 – 3) = 11 – 6 = 5
1 2 0
D1 10 5 5
x= =2; y= = –1 ; z= =1
D 5 5 5
consistent .
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
(c) 7x – 7y + 5z = 3
3x + y + 5z = 7
2x + 3y + 5z = 5
7 7 5
D= 3 1 5
2 3 5
R1 R1 – R2 & R2 R2 – R3
4 8 0
D = 1 2 0 = 5(–8 + 8) = 0
2 3 5
3 7 5
D1 = 7 1 5
5 3 5
R1 R1 – R2 & R2 R2 – R3
4 8 0
D1 = 2 2 0 = 5(8 + 16) = 40 + 80 = 120
5 3 5
Since D = 0 & one of D1, D2, D3 ie. D1 0
System is in consistent, no solution. ]
Q.13 The system of equations
x + y + z = – 1
x + y + z = – 1
x + y + z = – 1
has no solution. Find .
[Ans. – 2]
1 1
[Sol. = 1 1 = 3 – 3 + 2 = 0
1 1
( – 1)(2 + – 2) = 0 ( – 1)2( + 2) = 0
= 1 or – 2
=1 x + y + z = 0 giving infinite number of solutions.
=–2
3 1 1 0 1 1
D1 = 3 2 1 = 3 0 2 1 = 3 [– 3 (1 + 2)] = – 27
3 1 2 3 1 2
D1 = – 27 no solution]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.14 If the equations a(y + z) = x, b(z + x) = y, c(x + y) = z have nontrivial solutions, then find the value of
1 1 1
.
1 a 1 b 1 c
[Ans. 2]
[Sol. Given x – ay – az = 0
bx – y + bz = 0
cx + cy – z = 0
1 a a
for NT solution b 1 b = 0
c c 1
C1 C1 – C2 and C2 C2 – C3
1 a 0 a
1 b (1 b) b = 0
0 1 c 1
(1 + a) [(1 + b) + b (1 + c)] – (1 + b) [a (1 + c)] = 0
(1 + a) (1 + b) – b (1 + a) (1 + c) – a (1 + b) (1 + c) = 0
1 (b 1 1) (a 1 1)
=0
1 c 1 b 1 a
1 1 1
–1+ +1+ =0
1 c 1 b 1 a
1 1 1
= 2 Ans.
1 a 1 b 1 c
x y z
Aliter: a = ;b= ;c=
yz xz xy
1 1 yz
=
1 a 1 x xyz
yz
1 zx 1 xy
|||ly = and =
1 b xyz 1 c xyz
1 1 1 2( x y z)
= = 2 Ans.]
1 a 1 b 1 c xyz
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.15 Given x = cy + bz ; y = az + cx ; z = bx + ay where x , y , z are not all zero , prove that
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 abc = 1.
[Sol. x – cy – bz = 0
cx – y + az = 0
bx + ay – z = 0
1 c b
c 1 a
b a 1
= 1[1 – a2] – c [c + ab] + b[–ac – b]
= 1 – a2 – c2 – abc – abc – b2
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1 Ans. ]
x y z
Q.16 Given a = ;b= ;c= where x, y, z are not all zero, prove that: 1 + ab + bc + ca = 0.
yz zx xy
x y z
[Sol. a= ;b= ;c=
yz zx xy
x – ay + az = 0 ; y – bz + bx = 0 ; z – cx + cy = 0
1 a a
b 1 b = 0
c c 1
1(1 + bc) – b( –a – ac) – c(ab – a)
= 1 + bc + ab + abc – abc + ac
= 1 + ab + bc + ca = 0 Ans. ]
Q.17 For what values of p , the equations : x + y + z = 1 ; x+2y+4z = p &
2
x + 4y+ 10z = p have a solution? Solve them completely in each case.
[Ans. x = 1 + 2K , y = 3K , z = K, when p = 1 ; x = 2K, y = 1 3K , z = K when p = 2 ; where K R]
1 1 1 0 0 1
[Sol. D= 1 2 4 = 1 2 4
1 4 10 3 6 10
6–6=0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
D1 = p2 2 4 = p 2 2 4 – 2(p – 2) 1 1 1
p 4 10 p 2 4 6 10 p 2 3 10
D1 = (p – 2) (1 – p) = 0 i.e. p = 1 or 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
D2 = 1 p 4 = 0 p 1 3
2 2
1 p 10 0 p 1 9
9(p – 1) – 3(p2 – 1)
3(p – 1)[3 – (p + 1)]
D2 = 3(p – 1)(2 – p)
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 1 1 0 1 1 p
D3 = 1 2 p2 = 0 2 p(1 2 p) = p(p – 1) + 2(1 – p)
1 4 p 1 4 p
D3 = (p – 1)(p – 2)
now D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 is possible if p = 1 or p = 2
Infinite soluble if p = 1 or p = 2
If p 1 and p 2 inconsistent
p R – {1, 2} = No solution ]
Q.18(a) Let a, b, c, d are distinct numbers to be chosen from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. If the least possible positive
p
solution for x to the system of equations ax by 1 can be expressed in the form where p and q
cx dy 2 q
are relatively prime, then find the value of (p + q).
[Ans. 19]
[Sol. ax + by = 1 [13th, 07-10-2007]
cx + dy = 2
1 b
2 d d 2b
x= =
ad bc ad bc
for least possible +ve value of x
d – 2b = 1 d = 3 and b = 1 or d = 5 and b = 2 (note that a, b, c, d {1, 2, 3, 4, 5})
1
now, x=
ad bc
for x to be minimum (ad – bc) must be maximum
when d = 3 and b = 1; remaining number 2, 4, 5 (ad – bc 3a – c)
3a – c is maximum when a = 5 and c = 2
1 1
xmin. = =
15 2 13
|||ly when d = 5 and b = 2; remaining 1, 3, 4
5a – 2c is maximum
when a = 4 and c = 1
1 1 p
xmin. = = = ; p + q = 19 Ans. ]
20 2 18 q
Q.18(b) Find the sum of all positive integral values of a for which every solution to the system of equations
x + ay = 3 and ax + 4y = 6 satisfy the inequalities x > 1, y > 0.
[Ans. 4]
[Sol. x + ay = 3 .......(1)
and ax + 4y = 6 .......(2)
3 a
6 4 12 6a 6
x= 2 = 2 = (a 2) [12th, 29-08-2010, P-1]
4a 4a 2a
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 3
a 6 6 3a 3
y= 2 = 2 = (a 2)
4a 4a 2a
6 62a 4a a4
x>1 >1 >0 >0 < 0 a (– 2, 4)
2a a2 a2 a2
y > 0 a (– 2, )
Hence a (– 2, 4) – {2}
Sum of all positive integral values of (a 2) = 1 + 3 = 4 Ans.]
Q.19 Show that the system of equations
3x – y + 4z = 3 , x + 2y – 3z = –2 and 6x + 5y + z = – 3
has atleast one solution for any real number . Find the set of solutions of = –5.
4 9
[Ans. If –5 then x = ; y = – and z = 0 ;
7 7
4 5K 13K 9
If = 5 then x = ;y= and z = K where K R]
7 7
[Sol. D = 7( + 5) ; D1 = 4( + 5)
D2 = –9( + 5); D3 = 0
For a unique solution D 0
If D 0 –5
4 9
then x = ; y = – and z = 0 is the solution.
7 7
If = –5 D1 = D2 = D3 = D = 0
4 5K 13K 9
In this case x = ;y= and z = K is the solution where K R.]
7 7
Q.20(a) Consider the system of equations
x – y + z =
x – y + z = 1
x – y + z = 1
If L, M and N denotes the number of integral values of in interval [–10, 10] for which the system
of the equations has unique solution, no solution and infinite solutions respectively, then find the value of
(L – M + N).
[Ans. 21]
2 2
[Sol. D = – ( + 2) ( – 1) ; D1 = – ( – 1) ( + 2) ; D2 = D3 = 0 [12th, 14-11-2010, P-1]
For = 1, – 2 (infinite solutions)
1, – 2 (unique solution)
Clearly, L = 19, M = 0, N = 2, so (L + M + N) = 21. Ans. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.20(b) If the system of equations
2x + 3y – z = 0
3x + 2y + kz = 0
4x + y + z = 0
have a set of non-zero integral solutions then, find the smallest positive value of z.
[Ans. 5]
[Sol. The system has a non-zero solution if | A | = 0 k = 0. [12th, 25-09-2011, P-2]
Clearly, the solutions are (2a, – 3a, – 5a).
So, the smallest positive integral value of z = 5. Ans.]
Q.20(c) Given a, b {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ............, 9, 10}. Consider the system of equations
x+y+z=4
2x + y + 3z = 6
x + 2y + az = b
Let L: denotes number of ordered pairs (a, b) so that the system of equations has unique solution,
M: denotes number of ordered pairs (a, b) so that the system of equations has no solution and
N: denotes number of ordered pairs (a, b) so that the system of equations has infinite solutions.
Find (L + M – N).
[Ans. 119]
1 1 1
[Sol. Clearly, = 2 1 3 = 1 (a – 6) – 1(2a – 3) + 1 (4 – 1) (Expanding along R1)
1 2 a
=–a
Case-I : If a 0, then system of equations has unique solution.
Case-II: If a = 0, put z = k, we get x + y = 4 – k and 2x + y = 6 – 3k
On solving, we get
x = 2 – 2k, y = 2 + k
Now, substituting these values of x, y and z in equation x + 2y + a · z = b, we get
(2 – 2k) + 2 (2 + k) + a · k = bn 6 + 0k = b i.e, b = 6
Thus for b 6, there is no solution and for b = 6, there are infinite solution.
Hence, for unique solution a 0, b R L = 10 × 11 = 110
for no solution we must have a = 0, b 6 M = 1 × 10 = 10
for infinite solution a = 0 and b = 6 N=1×1=1
L + M – N = 110 + 10 – 1 = 119 Ans.
Alternatively:
x+y+z=4 .....(1)
2x + y + 3z = 6 .....(2)
x + 2y + az = b .....(3)
Solving (1) and (2) x = 2 – 2z and y = 2 + z
Put in equation (3), we get
az = b – 6
Hence, for unique solution a 0, b R L = 10 × 11 = 110
for no solution we must have a = 0, b 6 M = 1 × 10 = 10
for infinite solution a = 0 and b = 6 N=1×1=1
L + M – N = 110 + 10 – 1 = 119 Ans.] [12th, 21-08-2011, P-2]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SECTION-B [MATRICES]
Q.1 Find the number of 2 × 2 matrix satisfying
(i) aij is 1 or –1 ; 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 ; (iii) a a + a a = 0
(ii) a11 a12 a 21 a 22 11 21 12 22
[Ans. 8]
a b
[Sol. A = c d a, b, c, d = 1 or – 1
a2 + b2 = c2 + d2 = 2 this will be always true
ac
and ac + bd = 0 d = –
b
a can be filled in 2
b can be filled in 2
c can be filled in 2
8 ways Ans. ]
Q.2 Find the value of x and y that satisfy the equations.
3 2 3 3
3 0 y y = 3y 3y
2 4 x x 10 10
3
[Ans. x = , y = 2]
2
1 2 3 3
[Sol. 3 0 y y = 3y 3y
2 4 x x 10 10
y 2x y 2x 3 3
3y 3y 3y 3y
2 y 4 x 2 y 4 x = 10 10
y – 2x = 3 ....(1)
2y + 4x = 10 ....(2)
2y + 2(y – 3) = 10
4y = 16
1
y = 4 and x = ]
2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 r · 3r 2r
1 4 3
Q.3 Let A = 2 , B = 2 2 and Cr = be 3 given matrices.
1 2 0 (r 1)3r
tr.(AB) r C r . (where tr.(A) denotes trace of matrix A)
50
Compute the value of
r 1
[Ans. 3(49 · 350 + 1) ]
3
1
[Sol. We have AB = 2 4 3 = 1 0 = I = (AB)r = I [12th, 03-01-2010, P-2]
1 2 2 2 0 1
I Cr = Cr
hence (AB)1C1 = C1, (AB)2C2 = C2 and so on.
tr (Cr) = r · 3r + (r – 1) · 3r = (2r – 1) · 3r
50
tr(AB) Cr = tr C r = tr C1 tr C 2 ........ tr C 50 = S (Let)
50
r
r 1
r 1
S = tr (C1) + tr (C2) + .... + tr (C50)
S = 1 · 31 + 3 · 32 + 5 · 33 + ...... + 99 · 350
3S = 1 · 32 + 3 · 33 + ....... + 97 · 350 + 99 · 351
———————————————————————————————————
– 2S = 1 · 3 + 2 · 32 + 2 · 33 + ...... + 2 · 350 – 99 · 351
= – 3 + 2 · 3 + 2 · 32 + ....... + 2 · 350 – 99 · 351
3 · (350 1)
=–3+2· – 99 · 351
3 1
= – 3 + 351 – 3 – 99 · 351
= – 6 – 98 · 351 S = 3(49 · 350 + 1) Ans.]
1 2 a b
Q.4 If the matrices A = 3 4 and B = c d
db
(a, b, c, d not all simultaneously zero) commute, find the value of . Also show that the
acb
2 3
matrix which commutes with A is of the form
[Ans. 1]
[Sol : Since given matrices commute AB = BA
1 2 a b a b 1 2
3 4 c d = c d 3 4
a 2c b 2d a 3b 2a 4b
3a 4c 3b 4d = c 3d 2c 4d
2c
a + 2c = a + 3b b= ....(1)
3
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
b + 2d = 2a + 4b 2a + 3b = 2d ....(2)
3a + 4c = c + 3d a + c = d ....(3)
2c
3b + 4d = 2c + 4d b = ....(4)
3
db db
= =1 (as a + c = d)
acb db
2
Now Let c = (say) and b =
3
from (2) , 2a + 2 = 2d a + = d ; from (3) a + = d
if d = then a = –
2 3
Hence the required matrices is of the form
]
1 1
Q.5 If the matrix A is involutary, show that (I + A) and (I – A) are idempotent and
2 2
1 1
(I + A)· (I – A)=O.
2 2
[Sol. A2 = I
1
(I + A) = C
2
1 1 1 1 1
C2 = (I + A)2 = (1 + A2 + 2IA) = (I + A2 + 2A) = (I + I + 2A) = (I + A) = C
4 4 4 4 2
1
hence C2 = C C= (I + A) is involutory
2
1
|||ly (I – A) = O can be proved.]
2
0 1 1
Q.6 Let X be the solution set of the equation Ax = I, where A = 4 3 4 and I is the corresponding
3 3 4
unit matrix and x N then find the minimum value of (cos x sin x ) , R.
[Ans. 2]
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
[Sol. A2= 4 3 4 4 3 4 = 0 1 0 A2 = I, henceAis involuntary
3 3 4 3 3 4 0 0 1
Hence x can take value 2, 4, 6, 8, ......... ; x = {2, 4, 6, 8 ........}
(cos x sin x ) = {cos2 + cos4 + cos6 + ....... } + {sin2 + sin4 + sin6 + .....}
cos2 sin 2
= cot2 + tan2
1 cos2 1 sin 2
= tan2 + cot2 = (tan – cot) + 2
minimum value = 2 ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 a 1 d 3 a
Q.7 A = 2 5 c is Symmetric and B = b a e 2b c is Skew Symmetric, then find AB.
b 8 2 2 6 f
Is AB a symmetric, Skew Symmetric or neither of them. Justify your answer.
[Ans. AB is neither symmetric nor skew symmetric]
[Sol. In a symmetric matrix, aij = aji and in Skew Matrix aij = – aji. As A is symmetric
a = 2 ; b = – 1 and c = 8
as B is Skew Symmetric, elements of leading diagonals must be zero
d=e=f=0
3 2 1 0 3 2
A = 2 5 8 and B = 3 0 6
1 8 2 2 6 0
4 3 6
AB = 31 54 26 AB is neither symmetric nor skew symmetric ]
28 9 50
Q.8 If A is an idempotent non zero matrix and I is an identity matrix of the same order, find the value of
n, n N, such that ( A + I )n = I + 127 A.
[Ans. n = 7 ]
[Sol. A is an idempotent matrix A = A = A
2 3
A3 = (A2)A = (A) (A) = A2 = A , similarlyAn = A n N .
now ( A + I )n = nC0.An + nC1.An–1 I + nC2.An–2 I2 + ..............+ nCn In
now I = I2 = ....... = In and AI = A
( A + I ) = A + C1. An–1 + nC2.An–2 + ........ + nCn. I
n n n
= A( nC0 + nC1 + ..+ nCn–1) + I
= I + (2n – 1) A or I + 127 A = I + (2n – 1) A
2n – 1 = 127 2n = 128 = 27 n = 7 Ans
Alternatively: (A + I )n = I + 127A ....(1)
multiplying by An in (1)
An(A + I)n = An + 127An + 1
(A2 + A)n = A + 127A = 128A
2nA = 128A 2n = 128 n = 7]
5 7 3
Q.9 Let A = 1 5 2 and A–1 = A2 + pA + qI3 where I3 is an identity matrix of order 3. Find (p + q).
3 2 1
[Ans. 4]
[Sol. By Cayley Hamilton theorem, we know that every square matrix satisfies its characteristic equation.
So | A – I | = 0
5 7 3
1 5 2 =0 [12th, 18-09-2011, AOD]
3 2 1
– 3 + 112 – 15 + 1 = 0 3 – 112 + 15 – 1 = 0 A3 – 11A2 + 15A – I = 0
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
A2 – 11A + 15I = A–1.
So, on comparing, we get
p = – 11, q = 15
Hence, (p + q) = – 11 + 15 = 4.
5 7 3
Aliter :Given, A = 1 5 2 det. A = 5(1) – 7(– 5) + 3(– 13) = 40 – 39 = 1. (Expanding along R1)
3 2 1
T
1 5 13
1 4 11
1 7 18 1 1 1
adj. A
Now, A–1 = = = 5 4 7 .......(1)
A 1 13 11 18
5 7 3 5 7 3 41 76 32
Also, A2 = A A = 1 5 2 1 5 2 = 16 36 15
3 2 1 3 2 1 20 33 14
41 76 32 5 7 3 1 0 0
So, A2 + pA + qI3 = 16 36 15 + p 1 5 2 + q 0 1 0
20 33 14 3 2 1 0 0 1
41 5p q 76 7 p 32 3p
= 16 p 36 5p q 15 2p .......(2)
20 3p 33 2p 14 p q
As, –1 2
A = A + pA + qI3, so
1 1 1 41 5p q 76 7 p 32 3p
5 4 7 = 16 p 36 5p q 15 2p
13 11 18 20 3p 33 2p 14 p q
[Using equation (1) and equation (2)]
On comparing, we get
p = – 11, q = 15
Hence, (p + q) = – 11 + 15 = 4. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.10(a) A3 × 3 is a matrix such that | A | = a, B = (adj A) such that | B | = b. Find the value of (ab2 + a2b + 1)S
1 a a 2 a3
where S = 3 5 ...... up to , and a = 3.
2 b b b
[Ans.225]
a11 a12 a13
[Sol. Let A = a 21 a 22 a 23
a 33 a 32 a 33
det. (A) = a = 3 ; adj. A = B and det. (adj A) = b
we know that A · adj A = | A | In
| A | 0 0
A · adj A = 0 | A | 0
0 0 | A |
| A | 0 0
Here |A · adj A| = 0 | A | 0 = | A |3
0 0 | A |
| A | |adj A| = |A|3 | adj A | = | A |2
b = a2 = 9
hence a = 3 and b = 9
a a2 a3 a4 1 1 1
Now S = 2 3 3 5 7 ..... = 2 4 7 ....
b b b 3 3 3
a
a 2
9
=2 b =2 · b = 2 ab = 2 3 · 9 = 2 3 · 9 = 2 9 =
1 a b b2 a 2
b a 81 3 78 26 13
b2
Also ab2 + a2b + 1 = 3 · 81 + 81 + 1
= 243 + 82 = 325
9
hence (ab2 + a2b + 1)S = (325) = 25 × 7 = 225 Ans. ]
13
Q.10(b) If A and B are square matrices of order 3, where | A | = – 2 and | B | = 1, then find
A adjB adj 2A
–1 –1 –1
.
[Ans. – 8]
[Sol.
We have A –1 adj B –1 adj 2A –1 = 1 1 64
| A | | B | | A |2
2 [12th, 29-08-2010, P-1]
64
= 8 Ans.
2 1 4
1
By using | A 1 | and | adj. B | | B |n 1 where n is order of square matrix B ]
|A|
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 1 1
2 3 1 0 1
Q.11(a) Given A = 2 4 1 , B = 3 4 . Find P such that BPA = 0 1 0 .
2 3 1
4 7 7
[Ans. ]
3 5 5
1 1 1
2 4 1 ; B =
2 3
[Sol.
2 3 1 3 4
Det. A = –1 ; Det. B = –1 ; A and B are non singular
let BPA = C
B–1B PA = B–1C PA = B–1C P = B–1CA–1
–1
PAA = B CA ] –1 –1
3 2 2 4
Q.11(b) Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation, 2 1 .A . 5 3 = 3 1 .
3 2
P Q R
2 1 A 3 2 = 2 4 1 48 25
[Sol. [Ans. ]
3 2 5 3 3 1
19 70 42
PAQ = R
P–1PAQ = P–1R
AQ = P–1R
AQQ–1 = P–1RQ–1
A = P–1RQ–1
2 1
Now adj. P = 3 2 ; |P| = 4 – 3 = 1
adjP 2 1
P–1 = = 3 2
|P|
3 2
again adj. Q = 5 3 ; |Q| = (–9) – 10 = 1
adj Q 1 4
Q–1 = = 3 2
|Q|
1 4
again adj. R = 3 2 , |R| (–2) – (–12) = – 14
1 1 4 1 1 4
R–1 = 3 2 = 14 3 2
14
1 2 1 3 2 1 4
No compute A = 3 2 5 3 3 2 ]
14
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
cos x sin x 0
Q.12 If F(x) = sin x cos x 0 then show that F(x). F(y) = F(x + y)
0 0 1
Hence prove that [ F(x) ]–1 = F(– x).
cos x sin x 0 cos y sin y 0
[Sol. F (x) F (y) = sin x cos x 0 sin y cos y 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
F (x) F (y) = F (x + y)
put y = – x
F (x) F (–x) = F (0) = I F (x) and F (–x) are the inverse of each other.
F( x ) 1 = F (–x)
F( x ) 1 F (x) F (–x) = F( x ) 1
F (–x) = F( x ) 1 Proved .
adj. A
Hint: A–1 = = adj. A ]
|A|
Q.13 Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that a11 = a33 = 2 and all the other aij = 1. Let A–1 = xA2 + yA + zI then
find the value of (x + y + z) where I is a unit matrix of order 3. [Ans. 1 ]
Sol. –1 2
Given A = xA + yA + zI th
[12 , 23-9-2008]
AA–1 = I = xA3 + yA2 + zA ... (1)
2 1 1 2 1 1 6 4 5
A2 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 4 3 4
1 1 2 1 1 2 5 4 6
6 4 5 2 1 1 21 15 20
A3= 4 3 4 1 1 1 = 15 11 15
5 4 6 1 1 2 20 15 21
Now using xA3 + yA2 + zA = I
21x 15x 20x 6 y 4 y 5 y 2z z z 1 0 0
15x 11x 15x + 4 y 3y 4 y + z z z = 0 1 0
20x 15x 21x 5 y 4 y 6 y z z 2z 0 0 1
Comparing the diagonal elements
21x + 6y + 2z = 1 ... (1)
11x + 3y + z = 1 ... (2)
21x + 6y + 2z = 1 ... (3)
2 × (2) – (1) gives x 1
3y + z = – 10 ... (4)
Comparing, a12
15x + 4y + z = 0
4y + z = – 15 ... (5)
for (4) & (5) y 5 and z5
x + y + z = 1 + (–5) + 5 = 1 Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 2 2 2 1 1 10
Q.14 Given that A = 2 2 3 , C = 2 2 1 , D = 13 and that Cb = D.
1 1 3 1 1 1 9
Solve the matrix equationAx = b.
[Ans. x1 = 1, x2 = – 1, x3 = 1]
1 2 2 2 1 1 10
[Sol. A 2 2 3 C 2 2 1 D 13
1 1 3 1 1 1 9
Cb = D
(3 × 3) (3 × 1) (3 × 1)
b is of order 3 × 1
2 1 1 a1 10 2a1 b1 c1 10
2 2 1 b 13 2a 2b c 13
1 ; 1 1 1
1 1 1 c1 9 a1 b1 c1 9
a1 + b1 + c1 = 9 a1 + b1 = 9 – c1
2(a – c1) + c1 = 13
18 – c1 = 13 c1 = 5
a1 + (a1 + b1) + c1 = 10
a1 + 4 + 5 = 10
a1 = 1 b1 = 3; a1 + b1 = 4
1
3
b = ;
5
1 2 2 x1 1
2 2 3 x 3
2
1 1 3 x 3 5
x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 1 & 2x4 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 3
x1 – x2 + 3x3 = 5
– x1 – 2x2 – 2x3 = –1
————————
–3x2 + x3 = 4 x3 = 4 + 3x2
1
1
x=
1
x1 = 5 + x2 – 3x3 = 5 + x2 – 12 – 9x2
= – 8x2 – 7
–16x2 – 14 + 2x2 + 12 + 9x2 = 3
–5x2 = 5 x2 = –1 x3 = 1
x1 = 1 ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
2 0 7 x 14 x 7 x
Q.15 Let A = 0 1 0 and B = 0
1 0 are two matrices such that AB = (AB)–1
1 2 1 x 4x 2 x
and AB I (where I is an identity matrix of order 3 × 3).
Find the value of Tr. AB ( AB) 2 (AB) 3 ........ ( AB)100
where Tr. (A) denotes the trace of matrix A.
[Ans. 100]
[Sol. AB = (AB)–1 (AB)2 =I
2 0 7 x 14 x 7 x 5x 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
AB = = [12th, 29-08-2010, P-2]
1 2 1 x 4 x 2 x 0 10 x 2 5x
5x 0 0 5x 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
(AB)2 = 0 1
1
0 10 x 2 5x = 0 0 1
0 10x 2 5x
25x 2 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 = 0 1 0
0 10x 2 50 x 10 x 25x 2 0 0 1
2
1
25x2 = 1 x = ±
5
1
50x2 – 2 = 0 x = ±
5
1
at x= , AB = I but AB I
5
1
x=–
5
1 0 0
0 1 0
AB =
0 4 1
(AB)2 = I (AB)3 = AB
(AB)4 = (AB)2 = I
(AB)2n = I and (AB)2n – 1 = AB, n N
AB + (AB)2 + (AB)3 + ...........+ (AB)100
= AB + I + AB + I + .......... + I
= 50 (AB) + 50 I
Tr. (AB + (AB)2 + .......... + (AB)100) = Tr. (50(AB) + 50I)
= Tr. (50 (AB)) + Tr. (50 I)
= 50 Tr.(AB) + 50 Tr. (I)
= 50 (– 1 + 1 – 1) + 50 (1 + 1 + 1)
= – 50 + 150 = 100. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
5 1 3 1 1 2
7 1 5 3 2 1
Q.16 Find the product of two matrices A & B, where A = & B = 2 1 3 and use it to
1 1 1
solve the following system of linear equations,
x + y + 2z = 1 ; 3x + 2y + z = 7 ; 2x + y + 3z = 2.
[Ans. x = 2, y = 1, z = 1]
4 0 0
[Sol. AB 0 4 0 = 4I
0 0 4
1
AB = 4I ABB–1 = 4B–1 A = 4B–1 B–1 = A
4
Now we have x + y + 2z = 1
3x + 2y + z = 7
2x + y + 3z = 2
1 1 2 x 1
3 2 1 y 7
2 1 3 z 2
B X C
BX = C
1
X = B–1C = AC
4
5 1 3 1 1 5 7 6 1 8 2
1
X = 7 1 5 7 = 4 7 7 10 = 4 4 = 1
4 1 1 1 2 1 7 2 4 1
x = 2; y = 1 & z = 1 ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 2 1 x b
Q.17 Determine the values of a and b for which the system 5 8 9 y 3
2 1 a z 1
(i) has a unique solution ; (ii) has no solution and (iii) has infinitelymany solutions
[Ans. (i) a – 3 , b R ; (ii) a = – 3 and b 1/3 ; (iii) a = –3 , b = 1/3]
3 2 1 x 3
[Sol. 5 8 9 y = 3
2 1 a z 1
A X B
| A | = 3(–8a – 9) + 2(5a – 18) + 1 (5 + 16) 0
(i) for unique solution |A | 0
–24a – 27
10a – 36
+ 21
–14a – 42 0 a –3, b R
(ii) for no solution adj. A·B 0, | A | = 0 a=–3
Adj A · B Null matrix
c11 = –8a – 9 ; c12 = 18 – 5a ; c13 = 21
c21 = 2a + 1 ; c22 = 3a – 2 ; c23 = – 7
c31 = – 10 ; c32 = – 22 ; c33 = – 14
(8a 9) 2a 1 10
adj A = 18 5a 3a 2 22
21 7 14
puting a = – 3
15 5 10 b
adj A · B = 33 11 22 3
21 7 14 1
15b – 15 + 10 0
1
15b + 5 b
3
1
Hence for no solution a = – 3 and b
3
1
(iii) For infinite solution a = – 3 & b = ]
3
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
sin 2 0 0 cos 2 0 0
2
sin 0 and B–1 = 0 2
cos 0
Q.18 If A–1 = 0
0 0 sin 2 0 0 cos 2
where , , are any real number and
C = (A–3 + B–3) + 3A–1 B–1 (B–1 + A–1), then find the value of determinant of the matrix C.
[Ans. 1]
[Sol.50721/mat/OMR
C = (A–1 + B–1)3 (as A–1 B–1 = B–1 A–1 hence binomial expansion is involved)
C = ( I )5 [13th, 27-01-2013, P-1, Adv]
Determinant of the matrix C = 1. Ans.]
1 1 1
Let M be a 2 × 2 matrix such that M = and M2 = . If x1 and x2 (x1 > x2) are
1
Q.19
1 2 1 0
the two values of x for which det(M – xI) = 0, where I is an identity matrix of order 2 then find the
value of (5x1 + 2x2).
[Ans. 8]
a b 1 1
c d 1 2
[Sol.
M
a–b=–1 a=b–1
c–d=2 c=d+2
a a 1 a a 1 1 1 a a 1 1 1
c c 2 c c 2 1 0 ; c c 2 2 0
– a + 2a + 2 = 1 a=–1
– c + 2c – 4 = 0 c=4
det. (M – x) = 0
1 0 x 0 1 0 x 0 (1 x ) 0
M = 4 2 ; xI = 0 x ; M – xI = 4 2 + 0 =
x 4 2 x
det(M – xI) = (1 + x)(x – 2) = 0 x = 2, x = – 1
x1 > x2 x1 = 2, x2 = – 1; 10 – 2 = 8 Ans.]
a b
Aliter: Let M= [13th, 26-12-2010, P-1]
c d
1 1 a b 1 1 a b 1
Now, M = c d 1 = 2 c d = 2
1 2
So, a–b=–1 ..........(1)
c–d=2 ..........(2)
1 1
Also, M2 = 0
1
1 1 1 1 a b 1 1 a 2 b 1
M M = 0 M 2 = 0 c d 2 = 0 c 2d = 0
1
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
So, – a + 2b = 1 .........(3)
– c + 2d = 0 .........(4)
From (1), (2), (3), (4), we get
a = – 1, b = 0, c = 4, d = 2
1 0
Hence, M = 4 2
Now, det (M – x I) = 0 (Given)
1 0 1 0 1 x 0
4 2 –x 0 1 =0 4 2x = 0
– (1 + x) (2 – x) = 0 (x + 1) (x – 2) = 0
x = 2, – 1 x1 = 2 and x = – 1
Hence (5x1 + 2x2) = 10 – 2 = 8 Ans.]
Q.20 The set of natural numbers is divided into arrays of rows and columns in the form of matrices as
6 7 8
2 3 9 10 11
A1 = (1), A2 = 4 5 , A3 = .................... so on.
12 13 14
Find the value of Tr (A10).
[Note : Tr(A) denotes trace of A.]
[Ans. 3355]
1
2 3 4 5
[Sol.50706/mat 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
First term of An is the nth term of series S = 1 + 2 + 6 + 15 + 31 + .................. + Tn
(Using method of difference) S = 0 + 1 + 2 + 6 + 15...........+ Tn – 1 + Tn
(Subtracting) —————————————————
0 = 1 + 12 + 22 + 33 + .......... + Tn – Tn – 1 + (n – 1)2
n ( n 1)( 2n 1)
Tn = 1 + n2 [13th, 30-01-2011, P-2]
6
10 ·11· 21 5 ·11· 21
Tn = 1 + 100 = 100 = (5 ·11· 7) 100
6 3
= 1 + 385 – 100 = 286
st
So, 1 term of A10 is 286
Tr(A10) = 286 + (286 + 11) + (286 + 22) + ....... New for 12th 2011
= 5[2 · 286 + 9 · 11]
= 5[572 + 99] = 3355 Ans.
Alternatively: A1 contains one term, A2 contains 22 terms and so on
A9 contains 92 terms.
Hence, 1st term of A10 = 12 + 22 + ....... + 92 + 1 = 286
Hence Tr(A10) = 5[2 · 286 + 9 · 11]
= 5[572 + 99] = 3355 Ans. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
EXERCISE-2
SPECIAL DPP-1
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.1 The value of a for which the system of equations ; a3x + (a +1)3 y + (a + 2)3 z = 0,
ax + (a + 1) y + (a + 2) z = 0 & x + y + z = 0 has a non-zero solution is
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C*) 1 (D) none of these
[Hint:7/det Use c2 c2 – c1 & c3 c3 – c2 & then open by R3.]
a11 a12 a13
Q.2 Let 0 = a 21 a 22 a 23 and let 1 denote the determinant formed by the cofactors of elements of
a 32 a 32 a 33
0 and 2 denote the determinant formed by the cofactor at 1 similarly n denotes the determinant
formed by the cofactors at n – 1 then the determinant value of n is
n 2
(A) 20n (B*) 20 (C) n0 (D) 20
[Sol.19/det 1 = 20 [12th & 13th 11-3-2007]
2 = 21 = 40
3 = 22 = 80
4 = 23 = 16
0
n
and so on n = 20 Ans. ]
Q.3 Three distinct points P(3u2, 2u3) ; Q(3v2, 2v3) and R(3w2, 2w3) are collinear then
(A*) uv + vw + wu = 0 (B) uv + vw + wu = 3
(C) uv + vw + wu = 2 (D) uv + ww + wu = 1
3u 2 2u 3 1
[Sol.20/det 3v 2 2v3 1 =0 [12th, 07-12-2008, P-1]
3w 2 2w 3 1
R1 R1 – R2 and R2 R2 – R3
u 2 v2 u 3 v3 0 uv u 2 v 2 vu 0
v2 w 2 v3 w 3 0 =0 vw v 2 w 2 vw 0 =0
w2 w3 1 w2 w3 1
R1 R1 – R2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
uw (u 2 w 2 ) v (u w ) 0 1 uwv 0
v w v 2 w 2 vw 0 vw v 2 w 2 vw 0 =0
=0
w2 w3 1 w2 w3 1
(v2 + w2 + vw) – (v + w) [(v + w) + u] = 0
v2 + w2 + vw = (v + w)2 + u (v + w)
uv + vw + wu = 0 Ans.
Aliter: y = mx + c
x = 3t2; y = 2t3 ]
a b c px qy rz
Q.4 Let a determinant is given byA= p q r and suppose that det.A= 6. If B = a x b y c z
x y z ap bq cr
then
(A) det. B = 6 (B) det. B = – 6 (C*) det. B = 12 (D) det. B = – 12
[Sol. Consider the det. B, using R1 R1 + R2 + R3 [12th (28-5-2006)]
a p x bq y crz
B=2 ax b y cz
ap bq cr
using R2 R2 – R1 and R3 R3 – R1
a p x bq y crz
=2 p q r
x y z
using R1 R1 + R2 + R3
B = 2 det. A = 2 · 6 = 12 ]
Q.5 The values of for which the following equations
sinx – cosy + (+1)z = 0; cosx + siny – z = 0; x +( + 1)y + cos z = 0
have non trivial solution, is
(A) = n, R – {0} (B) = 2n, is any rational number
(C) = (2n + 1), R+, n I (D*) = (2n + 1) , R, n I
2
sin cos 1
[Hint: for non trivial solution cos sin = 0 ; this gives 2 cos (2 + + 1) = 0 ]
1 cos
Q.6 The system of equations
x – y cos + z cos 2 = 0
– x cos + y – z cos = 0
x cos 2 – y cos + z = 0
has non trivial solution for equals
(A) n only, n I (B) n + only, n I
4
(C) (2n – 1) only, n I (D*) all value of
2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
[Sol.41/det for non trivial solution [12th, 20-07-2008, P-1]
1 cos cos 2
cos 1 cos = 0
cos 2 cos 1
using C1 C1 – C3
2 sin 2 cos cos 2
0 1 cos = 0
2 sin 2 cos 1
1 cos cos 2
2 sin2 0 1 cos = 0
1 cos 1
sin2 = 0
or 1[1 – cos2] – 1[cos2 – cos 2]
sin2 – [cos2 – (cos2 – sin2)]
sin2 – sin2 = 0
hence D = 0 R (D) ]
Q.7 The following system of equations 3x – 7y + 5z = 3; 3x + y + 5z = 7 and 2x + 3y + 5z = 5
(A) consistent with trivial solution (B*) consistent with unique non trivial solution
(C) consistent with infinite solution (D) inconsistent with no solution
[Hint:44/det D 0 consistency]
Q.8 The set of homogeneous equations
tx + (t+1) y + (t – 1) z = 0
(t +1)x + ty + (t + 2)z = 0
(t –1)x + (t + 2)y + tz = 0
has non - trivial solutions for
(A) three values of t (B) two values of t (C*) one value of t (D) no value of t
[Hint:52/det D simplifies to – 4(2t + 1) = 0 ]
Q.9 If the system of equations
x – 2y + z = a
2x + y – 2z = b
and x + 3y – 3z = c
have atleast one solution, then the relationship between a, b and c is
(A) a + b + c = 0 (B*) a – b + c = 0 (C) – a + b + c = 0 (D) a + b – c = 0
1 2 1
[Sol.56/det D = 2 1 2 which vanishes; hence for atleast one solution D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
1 3 3
a 2 1
D1 = b 1 2 = 0 a – b + c = 0 Ans. [13th, 08-03-2009, P-2]
c 3 3
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.10 Three digit numbers x17, 3y6 and 12z where x, y, z are integers from 0 to 9, are divisible by a fixed
x 3 1
constant k. Then the determinant 7 6 z must be divisible by
1 y 2
(A*) k (B) k2 (C) k3 (D) None
[Sol.64/det x17 = kl = 100x + 10 + 7
3y6 = km = 300 + 10y + 6
12z = kn = 100 + 20 + z
use R2 R2 + 100R1 + 10R3 to get the result]
28 25 38
Q.11 Let N = 42 38 65 , then the number of ways in which N can be resolved as a product of two
56 47 83
divisors which are relatively prime is
(A) 4 (B*) 8 (C) 9 (D) 16
[Hint:65/det N = 770 = 2 × 5 × 7 × 11 [12th Test (26-12-2004)]
Hence no. of ways = 2n – 1 = 23 = 8 ]
Q.12 If the system of linear equations
x + 2ay + az = 0
x + 3by + bz = 0
x + 4cy + cz = 0
has a non-zero solution, then a, b, c
(A) are in G..P. (B*) are in H.P.
(C) satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0 (D) are in A.P.
[Hint:67/det For non zero solution [12th Test (16-1-2005)]
1 2a a
1 3b b = 0 ]
1 4c c
Q.13 Give the correct order of initials T or F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and F if it is
false.
Statement-1 : If the graphs of two linear equations in two variables are neither parallel nor identical,
then there is a unique solution to the system.
Statement-2 : If the system of equations ax + by = 0, cx + dy = 0 has a non-zero solution, then it has
infinitelymanysolutions.
Statement-3 : The system x + y + z = 1, x = y, y = 1 + z is inconsistent.
Statement-4 : If two of the equations in a system of three linear equations are inconsistent, then the
whole system is inconsistent.
(A) FFTT (B*) TTFT (C) TTFF (D) TTTF
[12th & 13th (25-9-2005)]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
ap 2 2ap 1 apq a (p q ) 1
2
Q.1471/det Let 1 = aq 2aq 1 and 2 = aqr a (q r ) 1 then
ar 2 2ar 1 arp a (r p) 1
(A) 1 = 2 (B) 2 = 21 (C) 1 = 22 (D*) 1 + 22 = 0
[08-01-2006, 12th & 13th]
1 1 sin x 1 sin x cos x
2 3 2 sin x 4 3 sin x 2 cos x then F '
Q.15 Let F (x) = is equal to
3 6 3 sin x 10 6 sin x 3 cos x 2
(A) – 1 (B*) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
[Sol.96/det/SC Using R3 R3 – (R1 + R2) in F (x) [12th, 20-07-2008]
1 1 sin x 1 sin x cos x
F (x) = 2 3 2 sin x 4 3 sin x 2 cos x
0 2 5 2 sin x
R2 R2 – 2R1
1 1 sin x 1 sin x cos x
F (x) = 0 1 2 sin x
0 2 5 2 sin x
expanding
(5 + 2 sin x) – (4 + 2 sin x) = 1
hence F (x) = 1 F ' = 0 Ans. ]
2
a11 a12 a13
Q.16 Let 1 = a 21 a 22 a 23 , 1 0
a 31 a 32 a 33
b11 b12 b13
2 = b 21 b 22 b 23 where bij is cofactor of aij i, j = 1, 2, 3
b 31 b 32 b 33
c11 c12 c13
and 3 = c 21 c 22 c 23 where cij is cofactor of bij i, j = 1, 2, 3.
c31 c32 c33
then which one of the following is always correct.
(A) 1, 2, 3 are in A.P. (B) 1, 2, 3 are in G.P.
2 3 2
(C*) 1 (D) 1 =
2 3
[Sol.72/det/SC 2 = 12 [12th, 11-12-2011, P-1]
3 = 22 = 14
2 3
Hence 1 ]
2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.17 If A11 , A12 , A13 are the cofactors of the elements of the first row of the determinant
A = (aij) and is the value of the determinant then
(A*) a21 A11 + a22 A12 + a23 A13 = 0 (B*) a11 A11 + a12 A12 + a13 A13 =
(C) a11 A11 – a12 A12 + a13 A13 = (D*) a31A11 + a32A12 + a33A13 = 0
p sin x q sin x p r sin x 2
Q.18 If p, q, r, s are inA.P. and f (x) = q sin x r sin x 1 sin x such that f(x)d x = – 4 then
0
r sin x s sin x s q sin x
the common difference of the A.P. can be :
1
(A*) 1 (B) (C*) 1 (D) 2
2
[Sol. p = a ; q = a + d ; r = a + 2d ; s = a + 3d f (x) = 2 d2
Also use R1 R1 – R2 and R2 R2 – R3 ]
Q.19 Consider the system of linear equations x + 2y + z = 1, 2x + y + z = , 4x + 5y + 3z = 2. Then the
system has
(A*) infinitely many solutions when = –1 or 2.
(B) infinitely many solutions when = – 2 or 1.
(C*) no solution when R – {–1 , 2}
(D) no solution when R – {–2, 1}
1 2 1
[Sol. Here = 2 1 1 =0 [13th, 12-02-2012, P-1]
4 5 3
system of linear equations has either infinitely many solutions or no solution.
1 2 1
Now, 1 = 2 1 1 = 2 – – 2 = ( – 2) ( + 1)
5 3
1 1 1
2 = 2 2 1 = 2 – – 2 = ( – 2) ( + 1)
4 3
1 2 1
and 3 = 2 1 2 = – 3(2 – – 2) = – 3( – 2) ( + 1)
4 5
The system has infinitely many solutions when = – 1 or 2 and
no solution when R – {– 1, 2}
(A) and (C) are correct. Ans.
Aliter :
Given, x + 2y + z = 1 ........(1)
2x + y + z = ........(2)
4x + 5y + 3z = 2 ........(3)
(1) and (2) x – y = – 1 x = y – 1 + ........(4)
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Putting above value of x in equation (1), we get
z = 1 – x – 2y = 1 – y + 1 – – 2y
z = 2 – 3y – ........(5)
Now, putting x and z from equation (4) and equation (5) in equation (3), we get
4(y – 1 + ) + 5y + 3(2 – 3y – ) = 2
4y – 4 + 4 + 5y + 6 – 9y – 3 = 2
2 – – 2 = 0
( – 2) ( + 1) = 0
If = 2 or – 1 infinite solution
and R – {– 1, 2} No solution.
(A) and (C) are correct. Ans. ]
[INTEGER TYPE]
sin 3 1 1
Q.20 If cos 2 4 3 = 0, then find the number of values of in [0, 2].
2 7 7
[Ans. 5]
sin 3 1 1
[Sol.50009/det/OMR We have cos 2 4 3 =0 [11th, 016-09-2009, P-1]
2 7 7
Expanding along C1, we get
7 sin3 + 14 cos2 – 14 = 0
sin3 – 2(1 – cos2) = 0 3 sin – 4 sin3 – 4 sin2 = 0
1
sin (2 sin – 1) (2 sin + 3) = 0 sin = 0 or sin = = sin
2 6
5
= n, n + (–1)n where n I 0, , , , 2 5 values Ans.]
6 6 6
x2 kx 4 kx
Q.21 Let f(x) = kx 4 kx x2 .
2
4 kx x kx
If f(x) is positive for all x R, then find the number of integral values in the range of k.
[Ans. 0000]
[Sol.50003/det/OMR Put a = x2, b = kx, c = 4 + kx
a b c (a b ) 2 ( b c ) 2 ( c a ) 2
Hence, f(x) = b c a = – (a + b + c) > 0 x R.
2
c a b
– (x2 + 2kx + 4) > 0 x R [12th, 26-08-2012, P-2]
x2 + 2kx + 4 < 0 x R, which is not possible.
Hence, no value of k is possible.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SPECIAL DPP-2
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.1 If the product of n matrices 1 1 1 2 1 3 .......... 1 n is equal to the matrix 1 378
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
then the value of n is equal to
(A) 26 (B*) 27 (C) 377 (D) 378
n (n 1)
1 1 1 2 3 .... n
[Hint: Product = 2 ; p = 0 1 [12th (23-7-2006)]
0 1
n ( n 1)
= 378 n = 27 Ans. ]
2
LM1 2 x OP LM
1 2 y OP
Q.2 If A = M0 PP MM PP
1 0 and B = 0 1 0 and AB = I , then x + y equals
NM0 0 1 Q 0 0 1N 3
Q
(A*) 0 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) none of these
LM1 2 x OP LM1 2 y OP
1 0 xyLM OP
[Sol. We have I = AB = M0 1 0
PP MM00 PP
1 0 = 0 1 0
MM PP
x + y = 0]
3
NM0 0 1 QN 0 1 Q
0 0 1 N Q
LM3 4 OP and B = LM2 5OP then X such that A + 2X = B equals
Q.3 If A =
N1 6Q N 6 1Q
L 2 3OP
(A) M (B) M
L 3 5OP (C) M
L 5 2OP
N1 0Q N1 0Q N 1 0 Q (D*) none of these
1 1 L 5 1 O
X = (B – A) = M P]
2 N 5 7Q
[Sol:12/mat
2
a b
Q.4 If A = c d satisfies the equation x2 – (a + d)x + k = 0, then
(A) k = bc (B) k = ad (C*) k = ad–bc (D) k = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2
a b a b a bc ab bd
2
a ( a d ) b (a d ) k 0
[Sol.19/mat We have A2 = c d c d = ac cd bc d 2 ; (a + d)A = c(a d) d(a d) ; 0 k
bc ad 0
A2 –(a + d)A = 0 bc da = (bc – ad) I
As A2 – (a + d)A + kI = 0, we get (bc –ad)I + kI = 0 k = ad – bc
Aliter: Use CayleyHamilton Theorem.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 0 2 x
Q.5 If x 5 1 0 2 1 4 = O, then x equals
2 0 3 1
(A) ± 2 3 (B*) ± 4 3 (C) ± 3 2 (D) ± 4 2
1 0 2 x
[Sol.6/mat/SC Given, x 5 113 0 2 1 4 = 0 [13th, 12-02-2012, P-1]
2 0 3 1
33 31
x
x 2 10 2 x 813 4 = 0
1
31
(x – 2)x – 40 + (2x – 8) = 0 x2 = 48 x = ± 4 3 Ans.]
1 2 0 2 1 5
Q.6 Let A + 2B = 6 3 3 and 2A – B = 2 1 6
5 3 1 0 1 2
then Tr (A) – Tr (B) has the value equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) none
[ 13th Test (5-12-2004)]
[Hint:44/mat tr(A) + 2 tr(B) = – 1 (from the given matrix) and 2 tr(A) – tr(B) = 3 (from thegiven matrix)
Let tr(A) = x and tr(B) = y
x + 2y = – 1
2x – y = 3
solving x = 1 and y = – 1
Hence tr(A) – tr(B) = x – y = 2 ]
Q.7 The number of solutions of the matrix equation X2 =I other than I, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D*) more than 2
(where I is the 2 × 2 unit matrix )
a b a b 1 0
[Sol.45/mat X2 = c d c d = 0 1
a 2 bc ab bd 1 0
= ac cd bc d 2 = 0 1
They should be simultaneouslysatisfied
a2 + bc = 1 ....(1)
b(a + d) = 0 ....(2)
c(a + d) = 0 ....(3)
bc + d2 = 1 ....(4)
from (1) bc = 1 – a2
from (4) 1 – a2 + d2 = 1
a2 – d2 = 0 a = d or a = – d
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Case-I : a = d
from (2), 2ab = 0 and 2ac = 0
1
if a = 0 then d = 0 and from (1) c =
b
hence general matrix X satisfying X2 = I can be
0 b
1 infinite in number with b R – {0}]
0
b
1 3 1 0
Q.8 Given A = 2 2 ; I = 0 1 . If A – I is a singular matrix then
(A) (B*) 2 – 3 – 4 = 0 (C) 2 + 3 + 4 = 0 (D) 2 – 3 – 6 = 0
[Hint:46/mat A – I
1 3 0 1 3
= 2 2 – 0 = 2 2
since A – I is singular det. (A – I) = 0;
1 3
2 = (1 – ) (2 – ) – 6 = – 3 – 4
now 2
2
hence 2 – 3 – 4 = 0 ]
1 sin 1
Q.9 Let A = sin 1 sin , where 0 < 2, then
1 sin 1
(A) Det (A) = 0 (B) Det A (0, ) (C*) Det (A) [2, 4] (D) Det A [2, )
1 sin 1
[Sol.47/mat | A | = sin 1 sin = 1(1 + sin2) – sin(– sin + sin) + (1 + sin2) = 2 (1 + sin2)
1 sin 1
| sin | 1 –1 sin 1 0 sin2 1
1 1 + sin2 2 2 2(1 + sin2) 4
| A | [2, 4] ]
3 x 2 2
2 4x 1 is singular, is
Q.10 Number of real values of x for which the matrix A=
2 4 1 x
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D)infinite
[Hint:53/mat x = 0 or 3 ]
1 tan x T –1
Q.11 A= tan x 1 then let us define a function f (x) = det. (A A ) then which of the following can
not be the value of f f f f ...........f ( x ) is (n 2)
n times
(A) f n(x) (B) 1 (C) f n – 1(x) (D*) n f (x)
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 tan x
[Sol.55/mat A = tan x 1 [12th & 13th 11-3-2007]
hence det. A = sec2x
det AT = sec2x
now f (x) = det. (AT A–1)
= (det. AT) (det. A–1)
= (det. AT) (det. A)–1
det . (A T )
= =1
det .(A )
hence f (x) = 1 Ans. ]
1 1 1 1
Q.12 A is a 2 × 2 matrix such that A 1 = 2 and A2 1 = 0 . The sum of the elements of A, is
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D*) 5
1 1
[Sol. A 1 = 2 ....(1) [29-01-2006, 12&13]
1 1
and A2 1 = 0 ....(2)
a b a b 1 1 a b 1
Let A be given by A = c d ; hence c d 1 = 2 ; c d = 2
The first equation gives
a–b=–1 ....(3) and c–d=2 ....(4)
1 1 1 1
For second equation, A2 1 = A A 1 = A 2 = 0 .
This gives – a + 2b = 1 ....(5) and – c + 2d = 0 ....(6)
(3) + (5) b = 0 and a = – 1
(4) + (6) d = 2 and c = 4
so the sum a + b + c + d = 5 Ans.]
Q.13 In a square matrix A of order 3 the elements, ai i's are the sum of the roots of the equation
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0; ai , i + 1's are the product of the roots, ai , i – 1's are all unity and the rest of the
elements are all zero. The value of the det. (A) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) (a + b) 3 (C) a3 – b3 (D*) (a2 + b2)(a + b)
[Sol. Given a11 = a22 = a33 = a + b [08-01-2006, 12th & 13th]
a12 = a23 = ab; a21 = 1 = a32, all others are zero.
a b ab 0
Det (A) = 1 a b ab = (a2 + b2)(a + b)]
0 1 ab
Q.14 Let Dk is the k × k matrix with 0's in the main diagonal, unity as the element of 1st row and f (k ) th
column and k for all other entries. If f (x) = x – {x} where {x} denotes the fractional part function then
the value of det. (D2) + det. (D3) equals
(A) 32 (B*) 34 (C) 36 (D) none
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
0 1
[Sol. Det. (D2) = 2 0 ( f (2) = 2 1st and 2nd column = 1)
0 3 1
|||ly Det. (D3) = 3 0 3 ( f (3) = 3 a13 = 1)
3 3 0
Det. (D2) = – 2 ; Det. (D3) = 36
Det. (D2) + Det. (D3) = 34 Ans. ] [08-01-2006, 12th & 13th]
50
Q.15
1 2r 1
For a matrix A = 0
1 , the value of
r 1
1 2r 1 is equal to
0 1
1 100 1 4950 1 5050 1 2500
(A) 0 1 (B) 0 1 (C) 0 1 (D*) 0 1
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SPECIAL DPP-3
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
0 1 1 A
Q.1 Ais an involutary matrix given by A= 4 3 4 then the inverse of will be
3 3 4 2
A 1 A
(A*) 2A (B) (C) (D) A2
2 2
[Hint: A is involutary A2 = I A = A–1 [12th Test (14-8-2005)]
1
A A
now A2 = (2A) = I 2A = ]
2 2
2 1 3 4 3 4
Q.2 Let three matrices A = 4 1 ; B = 2 3 and C = 2 3 then
ABC A (BC) 2 A (BC)3
tr(A) + tr
+ tr + tr + ....... + =
4 8
2
(A*) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) none
3 4 3 4 1 0
[Sol. BC = 2 3 2 3 BC = 0 1 = I [12 & 13th test (29-10-2005)]
A A
tr(A) + tr + tr 2 + .......
2 2
1 1
= tr(A) + tr(A) + 2 tr(A) + .......
2 2
t r (A)
= = 2 tr(A) = 2(2 + 1) = 6 Ans. ]
1 1 2
Lim
x
1 x 3 16x ln (1 sin x )
Q.3 Let a = x 1 ln x x ln x ; b = Lim 2 ; c = Lim and
x 0 4 x x x 0 x
( x 1)3 a b
d = Lim , then the matrix c d is
x 1 3sin( x 1) ( x 1)
(A) Idempotent (B) Involutary (C) Non singular (D*) Nilpotent
[Sol. a=+2 ; b=–4;c=1;d=–2 [18-12-2005, 12th & 13th]
2 4
Let A = 1 2
2 4 2 4 0 0
now 1 2 1 2 = 0 0 = null matrix
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
hence A is nilpotent (D)
a a 2
note that any matrix of the form 1 a is a nilpotent ]
3 1
Q.4 Consider a matrix A = 6 2 , then (I + A)99 equals (where I is a unit matrix of order 2)
98
(A) I + 2 A 99
(B) I + 2 A (C) I + (299 + 1)A (D*) I + (299 – 1)A
3 13 1 3 1
[Sol.83/matrix A2 = = [13th, 14-02-2010, P-2]
6 2 6 2 6 2
A2 = A
A is an idempotent matrix.
Now, (I + A)99 = 99C0 I + 99C1 A + 99C2 A2 + ....... + 99C99 A99
= I + A (99C1 + 99C2 + ....... + 99C99) { A = A2 = A3 = ......... = A99}
= I + (299 – 1)A ]
Q.5 IfAis a non-null diagonal matrix of order 3 such that A2 =A, then number of possible matricesA, is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 8 (D*) 7
[Sol.87/mat A2 = A [12th, 31-12-2010, Part Test-1]
d1, d2, ........ dn be the diagonal matrix of A, then
A2 = A d12 = d1, d22 = d2, ....... , dn2 = dn
Now, d12 = d1 either di = 0 or di = 1
Number of ways in which diagonal elements can be filled up is 23, but all diagonal elements cannot be
zero.
Number of required matrices is 23 – 1 = 7.Ans.]
2 0 7 14 7
Q.6 Let A = 0 1 0 and B = 0
1 0 . If AB = I, where I is an identity matrix
1 2 1 4 2
of order 3 then trace B has value equal to
2 1
(A) 0 (B*) (C) (D) 5
5 5
[Sol.89/mat We have AB = I, so [12th, 14-01-2011, PT-3]
2 0 7 14 7 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 = 0 1 0
1 2 1 4 2 0 0 1
5 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 = 0 1 0 (Given)
0 10 2 5 0 0 1
1
5 = 1 =
5
1 3 2
Now, trace (B) = (–) + 1 + (–2) = 1 – 3 = 1 – 3 = 1 – = . Ans.]
5 5 5
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 2 3 1
Q.7 Let the matrix A and B be defined as A = 2 and B = 7 3 . If det(2A9 B–1) = – 2,
then the number of distinct possible real values of equals
(A) 0 (B*) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
[Sol.93/mat We have
9
22 A
det(2A9B–1) = –2 = – 2 4 (3 – 4)9 = – 2 (2) (3 – 4)9 = – 1,
B
which is possible when 3 – 4 = – 1 3 = 3 = 1. [Online-3, 2010]
So, only one real value of exists. Ans.]
[PARAGRAPH TYPE]
Paragraph for Question no. 8 to 10
3 0 1
Let A = [aij] be a 3 × 3 matrix such that A = 0 1 1 . Suppose u1, u2, u3 are three
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1
column vectors such that Au1 = 0 , Au2 = and Au3 = .
0 0 2
B is a 3 × 3 matrix whose first, second and third columns are u1, u2 and u3 respectively.
Q.8 The trace of matrix B is equal to
[Note : The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
2 4
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D*) 2
3 3
Q.9 The value of det. (2B) is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D*) 8
3i
Q.10 Let C = [cij] be a 3 × 3 matrix where cij = j aij for 1 i, j 3, then the determinant of matrix
9
C is equal to
(A) 2(314) (B) 2(315) (C*) 2(318) (D) 2(319)
a1 b1 c1
[Sol.30442-43-44/mat Let u1 = a 2 , u2 = b 2 , u = c2 [13th, 14-10-2012, P-1, Adv]
a b 3 c
3 3 3
3 0 1 a1 3a1 a 3 1
Au1 = 0 1 1 a 2 = a 2 a 3 = 0
1 1 0 a a a 0
3 1 2
3a1 + a3 = 1, a2 – a3 = 0, a1 + a2 = 0.
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 1 1
a1 = , a2 = , a3 =
2 2 2
3 0 1 b1 3b1 b3 1
SimilarlyAu2 = 0 1 1 b 2 = b 2 b3 = 1
1 1 0 b b b 0
3 1 3
3b1 + b3 = – 1, b2 – b3 = 1, b1 + b2 = 0
b1 = 0, b3 = – 1, b2 = 0
3 0 1 c1 3c1 c3 0
SimilarlyAu3 = 0 1 1 c2 = c 2 c3 = 1
1 1 0 c c c 2
3 1 2
3c1 + c3 = 0, c2 – c3 = 1, c1 + c2 = 2
1 5 3
c1 = , c2 = , c3 =
2 2 2
1 1
2 0
2
1 5
B= 0 .
2 2
1 1 3
2 2
1 3 4
(i) trace (B) = 0 = = 2. Ans.
2 2 2
(ii) 3
det (2B) = 2 | B | where
1 5 1 1 5 1
B = 0 0 = = 1
2 2 2 2 4 4
3
Hence, det (2B) = (2) · 1 = 8. Ans.
(iii) As, cij = 3i + 2j aij , 1 i, j 3
33 a11 35 a12 37 a13
4 6 8
Now, C = 3 a 21 3 a 22 3 a 23
35 a 7 9
31 3 a 32 3 a 33
a11 a12 a13
C = 33 35 37 3 a 21 3 a 22 3 a 23
32 a 31 32 a 32 32 a 33
a11 a12 a13 3 0 1
= 33 35 37 3 32 a 21 a 22 a 23 = 318 0 1 1 = 318 3(0 1) 1(0 1)
a 31 a 32 a 33 1 1 0
C = 2(318). Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Paragraph for question nos. 11 to 13
If A is a symmetric and B skew symmetric matrix and A + B is non singular and C = (A + B)–1(A– B)
then
Q.11 CT(A + B)C =
(A*) A + B (B) A – B (C) A (D) B
Q.12 CT(A – B)C =
(A) A + B (B*) A – B (C) A (D) B
Q.13 CTAC =
(A) A + B (B) A – B (C*) A (D) B
[Sol.404-5-6/mat [13th, 04-11-2007]
(i) (A + B)C = (A + B)(A + B)–1(A – B) (A + B)C = A – B ....(1)
CT = (A – B)T (A B) 1
T
= (A + B) (A B) T 1 {as | A + B | 0 | (A + B)T | 0 | A – B | 0}
= (A + B)(A – B)–1 ....(2)
(1) & (2) CT (A + B)C = (A + B)(A – B)–1(A – B)
= (A + B) ....(3) Ans.
(ii) taking transpose in (3)
CT (A + B)T (CT)T = (A + B)T
CT(A – B)C = A – B ....(4) Ans.
(ii) adding (3) and (4)
CT [A + B + A – B]C = 2A
CTAC = A Ans. ]
[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.14 Let Aand B are two square idempotent matrices such that AB ± BA in a null matrix, then the value of
the det. (A – B) can be equal
(A*) – 1 (B*) 1 (C*) 0 (D) 2
[Sol.8/mat Given A2 = A and B2 = B [12th (20-8-2006)]
(A – B)(A + B) = A – B
det (A – B) · det (A + B) = det (A – B) ....(1)
det (A – B) = 0 or det (A + B) = 1
and (A – B) = A + B2 – (AB + BA) = A2 + B2 = A + B
2 2
{det.(A – B)}2 = det (A + B)
if det (A + B) = 1 then det (A – B) = ± 1
det (A – B) = 0, + 1, – 1 Ans. ]
Aliter: Consider (A – B)3 = (A – B) (A – B)2 = (A – B)(A + B) = (A – B)
Hence det. (A – B)3 = det. (A – B) det. (A – B) = – 1 or 0 or 1. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SPECIAL DPP-4
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
LMx x x OP
Q.1 Let A = M x x
PP
x , then A–1 exists if
MN x x x Q
(A) x 0 (B) 0
(C*) 3x + 0, 0 (D) x 0, 0
x x x 3x x x 1 x x
[Sol.28/mat We have |A| = x x x = 3x x x = (3x +) 1 x x
x x x 3x x x 1 x x
1 x x
= (3x + ) 0 0 = 2(3x + ) [Take 3x + common and use R R – R , R R – R ]
2 2 1 3 3 1
0 0
Thus, A–1 will exist if 0 and 3x + 0 ]
Q.2 Which of the following statements is incorrect for a square matrix A. ( |A| 0)
(A) IfAis a diagonal matrix,A–1 will also be a diagonal matrix
(B) IfAis a symmetric matrix,A–1 will also be a symmetric matrix
(C*) If A–1 = A A is an idempotent matrix
(D) If A–1 =A A is an involutary matrix
[Hint:32/mat A2 = I Involutary Matrix
A2 = A Idempotent Matrix ]
Q.3 Identify the correct statement :
(A) If system of n simultaneous linear equations has a unique solution, then coefficient matrix is singular
(B*) If system of n simultaneous linear equations has a unique solution, then coefficient matrix is non
singular
(C) If A–1 exists , (adjA)–1 may or may not exist
cos x sin x 0
(D) F(x) = sin x cos x 0 , then F(x) . F(y) = F(x – y)
0 0 0
[Hint:37/mat (A) It should be non singular
adj A
(C) sinceA–1 = , hence adj Amust be a non singular matrix. Its inverse must exist.
|A|
(D) It should be F( x + y) ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 3 4
Q.4 If A = 2 3 4 , then A–1 =
0 1 1
(A) A (B) A2 (C*) A3 (D) A4
[Sol.50/mat | A | = 3 (– 3 + 4) + 3(2 – 0) + 4(–2 – 0) = 1
3 4 4 1 0 0
A2 = A · A = 2 1 0 A4 = A2 · A2 = 0 1 0 = I
2 2 3 0 0 1
A4 = I A4 · A–1 I · A–1
A3 = A–1 ]
0 2 b c
Q.5 If A = a b c is orthogonal, then | abc | is equal to
a b c
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) 1
2 3 6
[Sol.82/mat The rows of A are unit orthogonal vectors. [13th, 13-12-2009, P-2]
Hence R1 · R 2 = 0 2b2 = c2
R2 ·R3 = 0 a2 – b2 – c2 = 0
R3 ·R3 = 1 a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
1 2 1 1 1
a2 = , b = , c2 = | abc | = Ans.]
2 6 3 6
3, when i j
Q.6 Let A = [aij]3 × 3 be such that aij =
0, otherwise
det adj adjA
then equals
5
[Note : {k} denotes fractional part of k.]
2 1 2 1
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
3 5 5 3
3 0 0
[Sol.88/mat Clearly A = 0 3 0 = 33 = 27. [12th, 31-12-2010, Part Test-1]
0 0 3
detadj adj A = | A |4 = (27)4 = (25 + 2)4 = 25 + 16,
where is some positive integer.
det adj adjA 25 16 16 15 1 1
Clearly, = = = = . Ans.]
5 5 5 5 5
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.7 Let A, B, C, D be (not necessarily square) real matrices such that
AT = BCD; BT = CDA; CT = DAB and DT = ABC
for the matrix S = ABCD, consider the two statements.
I S3 = S
II S2 = S4
(A) II is true but not I (B) I is true but not II
(C*) both I and II are true (D) both I and II are false.
[Sol.49/mat S = ABCD = A(BCD) = AAT ....(1) [13th (24-09-2006)]
S3 = (ABCD)(ABCD)(ABCD)
= (ABC)(DAB)(CDA)(BCD)
= DTCTBTAT
= (BCD)TAT = AAT ....(2)
from (1) and (2) S S3 I is correct
multiply both sides by S
S 2 S4 II is correct Both I and II are true Ans. ]
Q.8 IfAis a non singular matrix satisfying A=AB – BA, then which one of the following holds true
(A) det. B = 0 (B) B = 0 (C) det. A = 1 (D*) det. (B + I) = det. (B – I)
[Sol. A is non singular det A 0 [12th, 09-11-2008, P-2]
Given AB – BA = A hence AB = A + BA = A(I + B)
det. A · det. B = det. A · det. (I + B) (det A 0)
det. B = det. (I + B) ....(1) (asAis non singular)
again AB – A = BA
A(B – I) = BA
(det. A) · det.(B – I) = det. B · det. A det. (B – I) = det. (B) ....(2)
from (1) and (2)
det. (B – I) = det. (B + I) Ans. ]
F 0 sin sin sin I
Q.9
G
Let A = G sin 0 JJ
cos cos , then
H sin sin cos cos 0 K
(A*) |A| is independent of and (B) A–1 depends only on
(C) A depends only on
–1 (D) none of these
[Hint:27/mat Skew symmetric matrix of odd order | A | = 0 A is singular A–1 does not exist]
4 6 1 2 4 3
Q.10 Consider the matrices A = 3 0 2 , B = 0 1 , C = 1 . Out of the given matrix products
1 2 5 2
1 2
(i) (AB)TC (ii) CTC(AB)T (iii) CTAB and (iv)ATABBTC
(A) exactly one is defined (B) exactly two are defined
(C*) exactly three are defined (D) all four are defined
[Hint: (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct ] [12th & 13th (25-9-2005)]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
[PARAGRAPH TYPE]
Paragraph for question nos. 11 to 13
Let S be the following set of 2 × 2 matrices :
a b
S = A : a , b 1, 0, 1
a b
Q.11 The number of A in S such that the trace of A is divisible by 2 but det (A) is not divisible by 2, is
(A*) 0 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 2
[ Note : The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
Q.12 The number of non-zero A in S for which the system of linear equations
x 0
A
y 0
is inconsistent, is
(A) atleast 2 but less than 5 (B*) less than 2
(C) exactly 8 (D) greater than 4 but at most 7
Q.13 The number of A in S such that A is either symmetric or skew-symmetric but not both, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 3
a b
[Sol.421-22-23/mat We have A a b where a, b {–1, 0, 1}
Clearly, number of such matrices A in S are 9 as follows : [Online-3, 2010]
1 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 , 0 0 , 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 , 0 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 , 1 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 , 1 0
(i) As det (A) = ab – ab = 0, so number of such matrices A in S is zero.
(ii) Clearly, number of such non-zero matrices A in S is zero, because for each non-zero matrix A in S,
the system is consistent having infinitelymanysolution.
(iii) For symmetric matrix, b = a.
1 1 1 1 0 0
So, 1 1 , and 0 0 are possible.
1 1
But
0 0
being null matrix is both symmetric and skew-symmetric, so number of such matrices
0 0
A in S is 2. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
[MATRIX TYPE]
3 4 a b
Q.14 Consider the matrices A= 1 1 and B = 0 1 and let P be any orthogonal matrix and Q = PAP APT
and R = PTQKP also S = PBPT and T = PTSKP
Column I Column II
(A) If we vary K from 1 to n then the first row (P) G.P. with common ratio a
first column elements of R will form
(B) If we vary K from 1 to n then the 2nd row 2nd (Q) A.P. with common difference 2
column elements of R will form
(C) If we vary K from 1 to n then the first row first (R) G.P. with common ratio b
column elements of T will form
(D) If we vary K from 3 to n then the first row 2nd column (S) A.P. with common difference – 2.
elements of T will represent the sum of
[Ans. (A) Q; (B) S; (C) P; (D) P]
[Sol. T
R=P Q P K th
[13 (24-09-2006)]
= PT(PAPT)K P
= P T PAP
T
PAP T
..........
.... PAP
T
P
K times
= AK as PPT = I as P is orthogonal
1 2K 4K
R = AK = K 1 2K
|||ly T = P S P = BK
T K
K b(a K 1)
B = a
K
a 1 ]
0 1
[INTEGER TYPE]
Q.15 Find the number of 2 × 2 matrices A whose entries are either 0 or 1 and for which the system
x 0
A has at least two distinct solutions.
y
0
[Ans. 10]
[Sol.709/mat Since two lines either intersect at one point or no point of intersection and if they intersect at more
than one point, then both are identical
| A | = 0; a, b, c, d {0, 1} ; ax by 0 ; D1 = D2 = 0 [12th, 17-10-2010, Vec]
cx dy 0
for two or more solutions, D = 0
a b
Let | A | = = ad – bc = 0
c d
(i) ad = 1, bc = 1 if all a, b, c, d are 1
Number of matrices = 1
(ii) ad = 0, bc = 0
for ad = 0 either a = 0 & d = 1 or a = 1, d = 0 or a = 0, d = 0
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Numbers of cases = 3
similarly for bc = 0 there are 3 possibilities
number of matrices = 9
Total number of matrices = 9 + 1 = 10 Ans.]
cos sin
Q.16 Let A = sin cos and matrix B is defined such that B = A + 4A2 + 6A3 + 4A4 + A5.
If det (B) = 1, then find the number of values of in [– 2, 2].
[Ans. 4]
[Sol. B = A (I + 4A + 6A2 + 4A3 + A4) = A (I + A)4 [12th, 17-10-2010, Vec]
| B | = | A | | I + A |4 = 1 (Given) (As |A| = 1)
4
1 cos sin 4
1 1 cos sin 1 16 (1 + cos)4 = 1
2
sin 1 cos
1 1
1 + cos = cos =
2 2
Number of values of in [– 2, 2] are 4. Ans.]
Q.17 Find the number of all possible symmetric matrices of order 3 × 3 with entries –1, 0, 1 and
whose trace equal to 1.
[Ans. 162]
[Sol.50706/mat/OMR For trace = 1, [13th, 22-01-2012, P-1]
only possibilities of diagonal elements are – 1, 1, 1 or 0, 0, 1
Number of possible symmetric matrices of order 3 × 3
= 2 × 3 × 3C1 × 3C1 × 3C1 = 6 × 27 = 162. Ans.]
6 4 4
Q.18 Let A = [aij]3 × 3 be a matrix. If A + AT = a 21 a12 10 a 23 a 32 where a12, a23 and a31
a a 4 8
31 13
are the positive root of the equation x3 – 6x2 + px – 8 = 0, p R then find the value of det (A).
[Note : AT denotes the transpose of matrix A.]
[Ans. 0028]
[Sol.50718/mat/OMR A + AT is symmetric [12th, 30-12-2012,P-2, Adv]
a21 + a12 = 4, a31 + a13 = 4 and a23 + a32 = 4
a21, a23 and a31 are the positive roots of the equation x3 – 6x2 + px – 8 = 0
a12 a 23 a 31 6
AM 2
3 3 a12 = a23 = a31 = 2.
1
1
GM a12 · a 23 · a 31 3 (8) 3 2
a21 = a32 = a13 = 2.
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 2 2
A = 2 5 2
2 2 4
A = 3(20 – 4) – 2 (8 – 4) + 2(4 – 10) = 48 – 8 – 12 = 28. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SPECIAL DPP-5
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.1 Let , , are the real roots of the equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c R and a 0).
If the system of equations (in u, v and w) given by
u + v + w = 0
u + v + w = 0
u + v + w = 0
has non-trivial solutions, then a2 equals
(A) b (B) 2b (C*) 3b (D) 4b
[Sol.81/mat We have x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 [13th, 13-12-2009, P-2]
++=–a
+ + = b
Since the given system of equations has non-trivial solutions, so
=0
3 + 3 + 3 – 3 = 0 ( + + )[2 + 2 + 2 – – – ] = 0
( + + )[( + + ) – 3( + + )] = 0
2
– a[a2 – 3b] = 0
Hence a2 = 3b (as a 0) ]
Q.2 Let {1, 2, ........., n} be the the set of all determinants of order 3 that can be made with the distinct
real numbers from the set S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Then which one of the following is correct?
n n n n
(A*) i 0 (B) i 9 (C) i 9! (D) i 36
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
[Sol.91/mat Total number of 3rd order determinants = 9 ! [13th, 06-03-2011, P-1]
9!
Since number of determinants are even and there will be pairs of determinants in number which are
2
n
obtained by interchanging 2-rows hence i 0 . Ans.]
i 1
1
Q.3 Let A = and det (A4) = 16, then the product of all possible real values of equals
1 2
1 1
(A) (B*) (C) 0 (D) 2
2 2
[Sol.95/mat We have
| A | = 22 + 1 h [Online-1, 2010]
So, det (A A A A) = 16 | A | = 16 (22 + 1)4 = (± 2)4 22 + 1 = ± 2 22 = ± 2 – 1
4
22 = 1 or – 3
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 1 3
So, 2 = = ± (Reject 2 = , as R)
2 2 2
1 1 1
Product of all possible real values of = = . Ans.]
2 2 2
[REASONING TYPE]
cos sin
Q.4 Let A = sin cos
Statement-1: A exists for every R.
–1
because
Statement-2: A is orthogonal.
(A*) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. [12th, 24-08-2008]
Q.5 Statement-1: If A and B are 2 × 2 matrices such that det. (A – B) = 0, then A = B.
Statement-2: If A and B are square matrices of same order such that AB = O and B is
not a null matrix, then A must be singular.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D*) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
[Sol.306/mat Statement-1: For example : A 3 5 , B 1 2 A – B = 2 3
4 7 2 4 2 3
det. (A – B) = 0 but AB. [12th, 03-10-2010, P-1]
Statement-2: Suppose A is non-singular, then A–1 will exist.
AB = O A–1 AB = A–1 O B = O (which is not so.)
So, A must be singular. Ans. ]
Q.6 Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero entries such that A2 = I, where I is a 2 × 2 identity matrix.
Define Tr(A) = Sum of diagonal elements of A and |A| = determinant of matrix A.
Statement-1: Tr (A) = 0
Statement-2: | A | = 1
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C*) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
a b
[Sol.307/mat1MB Let A = , where abcd 0 [12th, 29-08-2010, P-2]
c d
a b a b a 2 bc ab bd 1 0
A2 = c d c d = 2 =
ac cd bc d 0 1
a2 + bc = 1, bc + d2 = 1
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
ab + bd = ac + cd = 0 (a + d)b = 0 and c(a + d) = 0
As c 0 and b 0 a + d = 0
Tr (A) = 0
Also | A | = ad – bc = a (– a) – bc = – a2 – bc = – 1.
Statement - 1 is true and Statement-2 is false. ]
[PARAGRAPH TYPE]
Paragraph for question nos. 7 to 9
2 2 4 4 3 3
If A0 = 1 3 4 and B0 = 1 0 1
1 2 3 4 4 3
Bn = adj(Bn – 1), n N and I is an identity matrix of order 3 then answer the following questions.
Q.7 det. (A0 + A 02 B02 + A 30 + A 04 B04 + ....... 10 terms) is equal to
(A) 1000 (B) – 800 (C*) 0 (D) – 8000
Q.8 B1 + B2 + ........ + B49 is equal to
(A) B0 (B) 7B0 (C*) 49B0 (D) 49I
Q.9 For a variable matrix X the equation A0X = B0 will have
(A) unique solution (B) infinite solution
(C) finitelymanysolution (D*) no solution
2 2 4
[Sol.407-8-9/mat A 02 = 1 3 4 = A0 (idempotent) [13th, 07-10-2007]
1 2 3
1 0 0
B02= 0 1 0 = I (involutory)
0 0 1
(i) det.(A0 + A0I + A0 + A0I2 + ....... + A0I5) = det.(A0 + A0 + A0 + ....... 10 times)
2 2 4
det.(10A0) = 1000 1 3 4 = 1000[2(–1) + 2(–1) – 4(2 – 3)] = 0 Ans.
1 2 3
(ii) B02 = I B0 = B 01 | B0 | = – 4(– 4) + 3(–1) – 3(4) = 1
adj (B0) = | B0 | B 01 = B0
B1 = adj (B0) = B0
B2 = adj (B1) = B0 and so on.
Bn = B0 n N
(B1 + B2 + ....... + B49) = 49B0 Ans.
(iii) as | A0 | | X | = | B0 |
O=1 no solution ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Paragraph for question nos. 10 to 12
1 2 0
There exists a matrix Q such that PQPT = N, where P = 2 1 0 .
0 0 1
Given N is a diagonal matrix of form N = diag. (n1, n2, n3 ) where n1, n2, n3 are three values of n
satisfying the equation det. (P – n I) = 0, n1 < n2 < n3 .
[Note : I is an identity matrix of order 3 × 3.]
œQ.10 The value of det. (adj N) is equal to
[ Note : adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M. ]
1 1
(A) 4 (B) (C) (D*) 9
4 9
Q.11 If QT = Q + I, then the value of is equal to
1
(A) –1 (B*) 0 (C) 1 (D)
3
Q.12 The trace of matrix P2012 is equal to
[Note: The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
(A) 32011 + 2 (B) 32012 (C*) 32012 + 2 (D) 32011
[Sol.30445-46-47/mat
(i) As det. (P – nI) = 0 [13th, 04-11-2012, Adv., P-2]
1 n 2 0
2 1 n 0 =0 (1 – n) (n – 3) (n + 1) = 0 n = –1, 1, 3
0 0 1 n
1 0 0
So, N = 0 1 0
0 0 3
det. (N) = –3 det (adj N) = (det N)2 = (– 3)2 = 9. Ans.
(ii) Given, PQPT = N P1 P Q P T (P T )1 = P–1 N (PT)–1
–1 –1
Q = P N (P )T [As, (PT)–1 = (P–1)T]
1 2 1 2
3 0 3 0 1 0 0
3 3
3
1 0 0
2 1 2 1 1
Q= 0 0 1 0 0 = 0 0
3 3 0 0 3 3 3 3
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3
0
QT = Q + I
= 0 Ans.
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Aliter :Given, QT = Q + I .........(1)
Take transpose on both sides, we get
Q = QT + I .........(2)
Using (2) in (1), we get
QT = QT + 2I
= 0. Ans.]
1 2 0
(iii) Given, P = 2 1 0
0 0 1
1 2 0 1 2 0 5 4 0
So, P2 = P P = 2 1 0 2 1 0 = 4 5 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
5 4 0 1 2 0 13 14 0
Now, P3 = P2 P = 4 5 0 2 1 0 = 14 13 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
13 14 0 1 2 0 41 40 0
P4 = P3 P = 14 13 0 2 1 0 = 40 41 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
41 40 0 1 2 0 121 122 0
Also, P5 = P = 40 41 0 2 1 0 = 122 121 0
P4
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Tr. (P) = 3, Tr. (P3) = 27 = 33
Tr. (P5) = 243 = 35
Tr (P2011) = 32011
Also, Tr. (P2) = 11 = 32 + 2
Tr. (P4) = 34 + 2
Tr. (P2012) = 32012 + 2 Ans.]
[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.13 Which of the following is(are) correct?
(A*) If A and B are two square matrices of order 3 and A is a non-singular matrix such that
AB = O, then B must be a null matrix.
(B*) If A, B, C are three square matrices of order 2 and det. (A) = 2, det.(B) = 3, det. (C) = 4, then
the value of det. (3ABC) is 216.
1
(C) If A is a square matrix of order 3 and det. (A) = , then det. (adj. A–1) is 8.
2
(D) Everyskew symmetric matrix is singular.
[Sol.
(A) Given that AB = O, where det. (A) 0 .......(1) [12th, 18-09-2011, AOD]
–1
So, A exists.
Now, pre-mutiplying equation (1) with A–1, we get
(A–1A) B = A–1O B = Onull matrix.
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
(B) Given, det. (A) = 2, det. (B) = 3, det. (C) = 4
So, det. (3ABC) = 32 det. (A) det. (B) det. (C) = 9(2) (3) (4) = 216. Ans.
(As, A, B, C are square matrices of order 2.)
1
(C) Given, det. (A) = (order of matrix A is 3)
2
As, det. (adj. A) = (det. A)n – 1 ......(1)
–1
place A byA in equation (1) and take n = 3, we get
2 1 1
det (adj. A–1) = A 1 = 2
2
4 . Ans.
A 1
2
(D) We know that skew symmetric matrix of odd order is singular. But , if order of skew symmetric matrix
is even, then it need not be singular. For example,
0 4
A = 4 0 and det. A = 16 (non - singular). Ans.]
Q.14 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?
(A) If A, B and C are square matrices of order 3 such that AB = AC and det. (A) = 0 then B = C.
(B) If A = dia. (2, 1, – 3) and B = dia. (1, 1, 2) then det. (A B–1) = 3.
1 1 1
(C*) If A = 1 1 1 then A3 = 9A.
1 1 1
(D*) If A is a square matrix of order 3 (where A O ) such that A2 = A and B = I – A, then
AB + BA + I – (I – A)2 equals A.
[Note: I is an identity matrix of order 3.]
[Sol.506/mat/MORE [13th, 13-11-2011, P-2]
(A) The above statement is false because A exist only when det. (A) 0.
–1
det . (A ) 6
(B) The above statement is false. As, det. (A B–1) = det. (A) det. (B–1) = det . (B) = = – 3.
2
1 1 1 3 3 3
(C) Given, A = 1 1 1 A2 = 3 3 3 = 3A.
1 1 1 3 3 3
A3 = 3A2 A3 = 3(3A) A3 = 9A. So, this statement is correct.
(D) Given, A2 = A and B = I – A
Now, AB + BA + I – ( I – A)2 = AB + BA + I – (I + A2 – 2A) = AB + BA + A (As, A2 = A)
= A(I – A) + (I – A) A + A = A – A + A – A + A = A (As, A2 = A and B = I – A)
So, this statement is correct. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
LM1 1 0 OP
Q.15 If A–1 = M0 PP
2 1 , then
MN0 0 1 Q
(A) |A| = 2 (B*)Ais non-singular
LM1 / 2 1 / 2 0 OP
(C*) Adj. A = M 0 1 1/ 2
PP (D)Ais skew symmetric matrix
MN 0 0 1 / 2 Q
1 1 0
[Sol.40526/mat/MORE We have |A–1| = 0 2 1 = 2, therefore, |A| = 1/2
0 0 1
1
Since A–1 = (Adj. A) we get
| A|
LM1 / 2 1 / 2 0 OP
Adj. A = |A|A–1 =M 0 1 1/ 2
PP
MN 0 0 1 / 2 Q
A cannot be skew symmetric as |A| = 0 for all skew symmteric matrices of order
(2n + 1) x (2n + 1)]
Q.16 If Aand B are two 3 × 3 matrices such that their product AB is a null matrix then
(A*) det. A 0 B must be a null matrix.
(B*) det. B 0 A must be a null matrix.
(C*) If none of Aand B are null matrices then atleast one of the two matrices must be singular.
(D*) If neither det.A nor det. B is zero then the given statement is not possible.
[Hint:514/mat AB = O [12th (17-09-2006)]
| AB | = 0 |A| | B | = 0
det A 0
A–1 exist
A–1(AB) = A–1(0) = 0
IB = 0
B=0 B must be null matrix. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.17 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(A*) If A is square matrix of order 3, then A A T 2011
is equal to 0.
(B*) If A is a skew - symmetric matrix of order 3, then matrix A4 is symmetric.
1 2 2
(C*) If 3A = 2 1 2 and AAT = I, then (x + y) is equal to – 3.
x 2 y
(where I is identity matrix of order 3)
(D) If , , are the roots of the cubic x3 + px2 + q = 0, then the value of the determinant
is equal to – p3.
[Sol.
(A) If A is square matrix of order 3, then A – AT is skew symmetric of order 3.
AA
T
= 0 A AT
2010
A AT
2010
0 Ans. ]
(B) Given AT = – A [13th, 01-03-2011, PT-1]
Let C = A4
4
CT = AT = (– A)4 = A4 = C
Hence C is symmetric matrix. B is true
9 0 x 4 2y 1 0 0
1
(C) We have AAT= 0 9 2x 2 2 y = 0 1 0 (Given)
9 2 2 0 0 1
x 4 2 y 2x 2 2 y x 4 y
x = – 2, y = – 1
Hence (x + y) = (– 2) + (– 1) = – 3 Ans. ]
(D) We have + + = – p, + + = 0
Now, D = 3 – 3 – 3 – 3 = – ( + + ) (( + + )2 – 3( + + ))
= p (p2) = p3Ans.]
[MATRIX TYPE]
Q.18 Consider a square matrix A of order 2 which has its elements as 0,1,2 and 4.
Let N denote the number of such matrices, all elements of which are distinct.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Possible non-negative value of det(A) is (P) 2
(B) Sum of values of determinants corresponding to N matrices is (Q) 4
(C) If absolute value of (det(A)) is least, then possible value of | adj(adj(adjA)) | (R) –2
(D) If det (A) is algebraically least, then possible value of det(4A–1) is (S) 0
(T) 8
[Ans. (A) P, Q, T ; (B) S; (C) P, R ; (D) R]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
[Sol.92003/mat/MTC Here 24 matrices are possible. [12th, 08-11-2009, P-2]
Values of determinants corresponding to these matrices are as follows :
1 0 1 0 2 0
4 2 = 2 (4 matrices), 2 4 = 4 (4 matrices), 1 4 = 8 (4 matrices)
And 12 more matrices are there, values of whose determinants are –2, –4, –8.
(A) Possible non-negative values of det. (A) are 2, 4, 8.
(B) Sum of these 24 determinants is 0.
(C) Mod. (det(A)) is least | A | = ± 2
( n 1)3
| adj (adj (adj (A)) | = A =±2
(D) Least value of det.(A) is –8
1 16
Now, | 4 A–1 | = 16 = = –2 ]
|A| 8
[INTEGER TYPE]
Q.19 Let A be 3 × 3 matrix given by A = [aij] and B be a column vector such that BTAB is a null matrix
for every column vector B. If C = A – AT and a13 = 1, a23 = – 5, a21 = 15, then find the value of
det (adj A) + det (adj C).
[Note : adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M.] [Ans. 0 ]
a11 a12 a13 x1
[Sol.50027/mat/OMR Let A = a 21 a 22 a 23 and B = x BT = [x x x ]
a 2 1 2 3
31 a 32 a 33 x 3
Note that BTAB is a matrix of order 1 × 1.
a11 a12 a13 x1
Now, BTAB = [x x2 x3] a 21 a 22 a 23 x = O (Given BTAB is null matrix)
1
a 2
31 a 32 a 33 x 3
x1
[ (a11x1 + a12x2 + a13x3) (a21x1 + a22x2 + a23x3) (a31x1 + a32x2 + a33x3) ] x 2 = O
x 3
(a11x1 + a12x2 + a13x3)x1 + (a21x1 + a22x2 + a23x3)x2 + (a31x1 + a32x2 + a33x3)x3 = 0
(a11x12 + a22x22 + a33x32) + (a12 + a21) x1x2 + (a13 + a31) x1x3 + (a23 + a32) x2x3 = 0
Above relation (1) hold good for every column vector B ( x1, x2, x3)
Hence aii = 0 i and aij = – aji i j
MatrixAmust be skew symmetric.Also order of matrix Ais 3 and every skew symmetric matrix of
odd order is singular.
We have a13 = 1, a23 = – 5, a21 = 15
a31 = – 1, a32 = 5 and a12 = – 15 and aii = 0
0 15 1
Hence A = 15 0 5
1 5 0
Clearly det (A) = 0. Also C = A – AT is a skew symmetric matrix.
Hence det (C) = 0 det(adj A) + det(adj C) = 0 + 0 = 0 Ans.] [12th, 17-10-2010, Vec]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
5 5
1 1
0 2 1 1
10 0
2 x 5x 20 = [40]
2
Q.20 If and are roots of the equation 1 25
1 2 0
1 x 2
1 1
2 2
then find the value of (1 – ) (1 – ).
[Ans. 51]
5 5
1 1
0 1 1
10 0
2 x 5x 20 = [40]
2
[Sol.711/mat 1 25 2 [13th, 06-03-2011, P-1]
1 2 0
1 x 2
1 1
2 2
1
0 2 1 1
Let A = and B = 2 0
1
1
2
Here, AB = BA = I
A5B10A5 = I
1 0 x 2 5x 20
1 25 = [40]
0 1 x 2
x 2 5x 20
1 25 = [40]
x2
x2 – 5x + 20 + 25x + 50 = 40
x 2 20 x 30 0
(1 – ) (1 – ) = 1 – ( + ) + = 1 – (–20) + 30 = 51 Ans.]
t 2 3t 4
Q.21 If t is real and = 2 , then find number of solutions of the system of equations
t 3t 4
3x – y + 4z = 3, x + 2y – 3z = – 2, 6x + 5y + z = – 3 for a particular value of .
[Ans. 1]
t 2 3t 4
[Sol.50011/det/OMR We have = [13th, 06-03-2011, P-2]
t 2 3t 4
( – 1) t2 + 3 ( + 1) t + 4 ( – 1) = 0
As t R, so
9 ( + 1)2 – 16 ( – 1)2 0
1
(7 – ) (7 – 1) 0 7
7
3 1 4
1
Now, D = 1 2 3 = 7 ( + 5) 0 , 7
6 5 7
Hence, the given system has unique solution. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.22 Let A = [aij] be a square matrix of order 2 where aij {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. Find the number of matrices
A with distinct elements such that AA–1 = I where I is the unit matrix of order 2.
[Ans. 0344]
–1
[Sol.50717/mat/OMR Since, A exists. [12th, 09-12-2012, Adv, P-2]
Amust be non-singular.
Case-I: When one of the elements is zero.
Other three elements can be taken 5C3 ways.
Now these four elements can be arranged by 4! ways.
No. of matrices = 5C3 × 4! = 240
Case-II: When all non-zero distinct digits are used.
a b
Let A = c d
| A | = ad – bc
counting those ways when |A | = 0
i.e. when ad = bc
a b c d Total
4
1 2 3 6 ( when a 1 & d 6, b & c can be arranged in 2! ways
similarly when a 6 & d 1 b & c can be arranged in 2! ways)
2 1 6 3 4
2 3 4 6 4
3 2 6 4 4
Total 16
Number of matrices A when |A | = 0 is 16.
5C4 · 4! – 16 = 120 – 16 = 104
Total = 240 +104 = 344. Ans. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
(JEE-ADVANCE Previous Year's Questions)
DETERMINANTS
Q.1(a) Consider three points P = sin( ), cos , Q = cos( ), sin and
R = cos( ), sin( ) , where 0 < , , < /4
(A) P lies on the line segment RQ (B) Q lies on the line segment PR
(C) R lies on the line segment QP (D) P, Q, R are non collinear
[JEE 2008, 3]
[Sol. [D]
Using R3 R3 – R1 sin – R2 cos
sin( ) cos 1 sin( ) cos 1
cos( ) sin 1 = cos( ) sin 1
cos( ) sin( ) 1 0 0 1 cos sin
= cos( – 2)(1 – sin – cos ) 0 necessarily ]
Q.1(b) Consider the system of equations
x – 2y + 3z = –1
– x + y – 2z = k
x – 3y + 4z = 1
STATEMENT-1 : The system of equations has no solution for k 3.
and
1 3 1
STATEMENT-2 : The determinant 1 2 k 0, for k 3.
1 4 1
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
[JEE 2008, 3]
[Sol. [A]
1 2 3
= 1 1 2 = – 2 – 4 + 6 = 0
1 3 4
1 1 3
2 = 1 k 2 = (4k + 2) – 2 + 3(– 1 – k) = k – 3
1 1 4
Hence for k 3, 2 0; hence system has no solution for k 3. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.2 The number of all possible values of , where 0 < < , for which the system of equations
(y + z)cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3
2 cos 3 2 sin 3
x sin 3 =
y z
(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3 + y sin 3
have a solution (x0, y0, z0) with y0z0 0, is [JEE 2010, 3]
[Ans. 3]
[Sol. (xyz) sin 3 – y cos 3 – z cos 3 = 0 ....(i)
(xyz) sin 3 – (2 sin 3) y – (2cos 3 z = 0 ....(ii)
(xyz) sin 3 – (cos 3 + sin 3)y –(2 cos 3)z = 0 ....(iii)
sin 3 cos 3 cos 3
sin 3 2 sin 3 2 cos 3 = 0
sin 3 cos 3 sin 3 2 cos 3
1 cos 3 1
sin 3 · cos 3 1 2 sin 3 2
1 cos 3 sin 3 2
1 cos 3 1
sin 3 · cos 3 1 2 sin 3 0
1 cos 3 sin 3 0
sin 3 . cos 3 (cos 3 + sin 3 – 2 sin3) = 0
sin 3 . cos 3 (cos 3 – sin 3 )= 0 ......Equation (A)
From given equations,
if sin 3 = 0 then equation (2) becomes
2 cos 3
0 No solution
y
sin 3 0
Similarly if cos 3 = 0 then equation (1) x = 0
2 sin 3
for which equation (2) 0 = which is not possible
z
from equation (A)
cos 3 – sin 3 = 0
or tan 3 = 1,
5 9
3 = , ,
4 4 4
5 9
= , ,
12 12 12
Number of possible values of in (0, ) = 3 ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
(1 )2 (1 2 )2 (1 3 ) 2
Q.3 Which of the following values of satisfy the equation (2 ) 2 ( 2 2 ) 2 (2 3) 2 = – 648?
(3 )2 (3 2 )2 (3 3) 2
(A) – 4 (B) 9 (C) – 9 (D) 4
[JEE Adv. 2015, 4]
Ans. [B, C]
2 2
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
[Sol. 4 2 1 1 4 4 2 = – 3 1 2 4 = – 3 0 1 3
9 3 1 1 6 9 2 1 3 9 0 1 5
43 = – 648 = 0, 2 = 81 = ± 9. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
MATRICES
1 0 0 1 0 0
Q.1 A = 0 1 1 , I = 0 1 0 and A–1 = 1 (A 2 cA dI) , then the value of c and d are
0 2 4 0 0 1 6
(A) –6, –11 (B) 6, 11 (C) –6, 11 (D) 6, – 11 [JEE 2005(Scr)]
[Sol. [C]
1 0 0
A = 0 1 1 ; 6A–1 = A2 + cA + dI ... (1)
0 2 4
det. A = 6 (calculated)
6 0 0
6 0 0 0 4 1
adj A = 0 4 1 ; A–1 = 0 2 1
0 2 1
6
6 0 0
6A–1 0 4 1 ... (2)
0 2 1
1 0 0 6 0 0 d 0 0
Also A2 = 0 1 5 + 0 c c + 0 d 0
0 10 14 0 2c 4c 0 0 d
(1 c d ) 0 0
= 0 c d 1 c c 0 ... (3)
0 10 2 c 14 4 c d
for (2) & (3) c = – 6 & d = 11 ]
3 1
2
Q.2 If P =
2 , A = 1 1 and Q = PAP
APT and x = PTQ2005 P, then x is equal to
0 1
1 3
2 2
1 2005 4 2005 3 6015
(A) 0 1 (B) 2005 4 2005 3
1 2 3 1 1 2005 2 3
(C)
4 1 2 3 (D)
4 2 3 2005
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]
[Sol. [A]
3 1 3 1
P= 2 2 ; PT = 2 2 ; PPT = I
1 3 1 3
2 2 2 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 1
A = 0 1 ; Also det. P = 1 = det A
Given Q = PAPT ... (1)
x = PT Q2005 P
substituting the value of Q from (1)
x = PT (PAPT) (PAPT ) ........ (PAPT ) P
1 2 2005
= (A2005) PTP = A2005
1 1 1 1 1 2
A2 = 0 1 0 1 = 0 1
1 2005
A2005 = 0 1 A is correct
also if x = pT Q 2005 P
|x| = | Q |2005 |P|
=1
only in A option det. x = 1 ]
Comprehension (3 questions)
1 0 0 1 2 2
Q.3 A 2 1 0 , U1, U2 and U3 are columns matrices satisfying.AU1 = 0 ; AU2 = 3 ,AU3 = 3
3 2 1 0 0 1
and U is 3 × 3 matrix whose columns are U1, U2, U3 then answer the following questions
(a) The value of | U | is
(A) 3 (B) – 3 (C) 3/2 (D) 2
(b) The sum of elements of U–1 is
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3
3
(c) The value of 3 2 0 U 2 is
0
(A) 5 (B) 5/2 (C) 4 (D) 3/2
[JEE 2006, 5 marks each]
[Sol. [(a) A, (b) B, (c) A]
1 0 0 a 1 1
2 1 0 b = 0 U1 = 2
3 2 1 c 0 1
A U1
1 0 0 l 2 2
2 1 0 m = 3 U2 = 1
3 2 1 n 0 4
A U2
1 0 0 p 2 2
2 1 0 q = 3 U3 = 1 now proceed ]
3 2 1 r 1 3
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.4 Match the statements / Expression in Column-I with the statements / Expressions in Column-II and
indicate your answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in OMR.
Column-I Column-II
x 2 2x 4
(A) The minimum value of is (P) 0
x2
(B) Let A and B be 3 × 3 matrices of real numbers, (Q) 1
whereAis symmetric, B is skew-symmetric, and
(A + B)(A – B) = (A – B)(A + B). If (AB)t = (–1)kAB, where (AB)t
is the transpose of the matrix AB, then the possible values of k are
a
(C) Let a = log3 log32. An integer k satisfying 1 < 2 ( k 3 )
< 2, must be (R) 2
less than
1
(D) If sin = cos , then the possible values of are (S) 3
2
[JEE 2008, 6]
[Ans. (A) R (B) Q,S (C) R,S (D) P,R ]
x ( x 2) 4 4
[Sol. f (x) = =x+
x2 x2
4 8
(A) f ' (x) = 1 – = 0; f '' (x) = ( x 2)3 >0
( x 2) 2 x 0
Minimum occurs at x = 0 and
minimum value is 2 and it is the local minima
x = 0 or – 4 R
(B) (A + B)(A – B) = (A – B)(A + B)
AB = BA
(AB)t = BtAt = (–B)A = – BA = – AB = (–1)oddAB Q, S
1 a
(C) 3–a = log 2 = log23; 2 ( k 3 ) = 3 × 2–k; 1 < 3 × 2–k < 2 k=1
3
1 2 1 1 2 3
< 2–k < i.e. 2k 3 k = 1 only
3 3 3 2k 3 2
Hence k must be less than 2 as well as 3. R, S
(D) sin = cos cos = cos ; = 2n ± ;
2 2
n=–m
1
2m = ± – ; 2m = LHS must be even P, R]
2 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Comprehension (3 questions)
Q.5 Let A be the set of all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices all of whose entries are either 0 or 1. Five of these entries
are 1 and four of them are 0.
(a) The number of matrices in A is
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 3
(b) The number of matrices Ain A for which the system of linear equations
x 1
A y 0
z 0
has a unique solution, is
(A) less than 4 (B) at least 4 but less than 7
(C) at least 7 but less than 10 (D) at least 10
(c) The number of matrices Ain A for which the system of linear equations
x 1
A y 0
z 0
is inconsistent, is
(A) 0 (B) more than 2 (C) 2 (D) 1 [JEE 2009, 4+4+4]
[Sol.
(a) [A]
3!
Diagonal (1, 1, 1) non diagonal (1, 1) (0, 0) (0, 0) = 2 ! × 1 = 3
3!
Diagonal (1, 0, 0) (1, 1) (1, 1) (0, 0) = 2 ! × 3 = 9
diagonal elements permute 12
(b) [B]
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 ; 0 ; A = 1 0 ; A = 0 0 1 ; A = 0 1
A1 = 0 1
A2 = 1 0 3
1
4 5
1
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
| Ai | = 0
(c) [B]
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 ; A = 0 0 1 ; A = 1 1 0 ; A = 0 0 1
A1 = 0 1 1 ; A2 =
0 1 1 1 0 0 3
1 1 0 4
0 0 1 5
1 1 1
1
Adj Ai 0 0. Then inconistent
0
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Now
1 B
Adj. Ai = 0
0
If any non zero then Adj (Ai) · B 0
Adj A4 =
non zero
Adj A5 =
non zero
]
Adj (A3) =
non zero
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
x 1
Q.6(a)The number of 3 × 3 matrices A whose entries are either 0 or 1 and for which the system A y = 0
z 0
has exactly two distinct solutions, is
(A) 0 (B) 29 – 1 (C) 168 (D) 2
[JEE 2010, 3]
[Sol. [A]
x 1
Note that the equation y 0 represent 3 places (distinct) which can not have two solution. (3
A
33 z
0
planes can have 0. 1 or infinite solutions) ]
Q.6(b) Let k be a positive real number and let
2k 1 2 k 2 k 0 2k 1 k
A 2 k 1 2k and B 1 2k 0 2 k
2 k 2k 1 k 2 k 0
If det (adj A) + det(adj B) =106, then [k] is equal to
[Note : adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M and [k] denotes the largest integer less than or
equal to k].
[JEE 2010, 3]
[Ans. 4]
[Sol. R2 R2 + R3
2k 1 2 k 2 k
|A| = 0 1 2k (2k 1)
2 k 2k 1
C2 C2 + C3
2k 1 4 k 2 k
0 0 (2k 1) = (2k + 1){(2k – 1)2 + 8k} = (2k + 1){4k2 – 4k + 1 = 8k
=
2 k 2k 1 1
= (2k + 1)3
|B| = 0
det(adj A) + det (adj B) = 106
(2k 1)
3 31 + 0 = 106 (2k +1)6 = 106 2k + 1 = 10
9
k= [k] = 4 ]
2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.6(c) Let p be an odd prime number and Tp be the following set of 2 × 2 matrices.
a b
Tp = A c a : a , b, c {0,1, 2,......, p 1}
(i) The number ofAin Tp such thatAis either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both, and det(A) divisible
by p is
(A) (p – 1)2 (B) 2(p – 1) (C) (p – 1)2 + 1 (D) 2p – 1
(ii) The number of A in Tp such that the trace of A is not divisible by p but det (A) is divisible by p is
[Note: The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
(A) (p – 1)(p2 – p + 1) (B) p3 – (p – 1)2
(C) (p – 1)2 (D) (p – 1)(p2 – 2)
(iii) The number ofAin Tp such that det(A) is not divisible by p is
(A) 2p2 (B) p3 – 5p (C) p3 – 3p (D) p3 – p2
[JEE 2010, 3+3+3]
a b
[Sol. A = c a ; a, b, c {0, 1, 2, ......., p – 1} ; p = odd prime
(i) [D]
Number of matrices 'A' which are either S S M or S M or both det. A is divisible by p
Let p = 5 i.e. a, b, c {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
For SSM
0 b
A = c 0 when b + c = 0
which is not possible. Hence No S S M is possible
For SM
a b
A = c a we must have b = c
Now, a can be taken in 5 ways
b can be taken in 5 ways
c can be taken in 1 ways
Total = 25
Now, det. A = a2 – bc = a2 – b2 (as b = c)
= (a – b) (a + b) must be divisible by 5
If a = b then total 5 matrices
0 0 1 1
eg. 0 0 1 1 etc
If a b but
a + b is divisible by 5
We have a = 1 and b = 4
a = 4 and b = 1
a = 2 and b = 3
a = 3 and b = 2
Total SM which are divisible by 5 (p) are
9 (2p – 1) D
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
(ii) [C]
a b
A = c a ; a, b, c { 0, 1, 2} ; p=3
p 3
Tr.(A) = 2a ; | A | = a2 – bc
2a is not divisible by 3 but a2 – bc is divisible by 3
Now, a 0 (as if a = 0 then Tr. (A) will be divisible by 3)
Let a = 1; Tr. (A) = 2 ; | A | = 1 – bc
a=1; b=1;c=1 1 1 1 2
b=2;c=1 1 1 or 2 1
Let a = 2; Tr. (A) = 4 ; | A | = 4 – bc
a=1; b=2;c=2 2 2 2 1
b=1;c=1 2 2 or 1 2
Hence, total matrices 4 (p – 1)2 (C)
(iii) [D]
a b
A = c a ; a, b, c {0, 1, 2} ; p = 3
Required number of matrices = total matrices – when |A | is divisible by 3
= 33 – when a 2 bc is divisible by 3
n
n = when a=0; b=0; c=0
a=0; b=1; c=0
5 with | A | 0
b=0; c=1
b=2; c=0
b=0; c=2
when a = 1, b = 1; c = 1 with | A | = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = 2 with | A | = – 3
a = 2, b = 1, c = 1 | A | = 3
a = 2, b = 2, c = 2 | A | = 0
Required number = 27 – 9 =18 C or D
take p = 5 and repeat to get (D). Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.7(a) Let M and N be two 3 × 3 non-singular skew-symmetric matrices such that MN = NM.
If PT denotes the transpose of P, then M2 N2 (MT N)–1 (MN–1)T is equal to
(A) M2 (B) – N2 (C) – M2 (D) MN
[JEE 2011, 4]
[Sol. [C]
MT = – M, NT = – N and MN = NM
Now, M2N2 (MTN)–1 (MN–1)T
NN 1 M T
= MMN N M
1 1 T T
= M M N (MT)–1 (N–1)T MT
= M N M (– M)–1 (N–1)T MT
= – M N (NT)–1 MT
= – M N (– N)–1 MT
= M MT = – M2. Ans.
Note: M and N are skew-symmetric matrix of order odd
its determinant vanishes and hence M–1 and N–1 does not exist
problem is not correct.]
0 1 1 1 1 0
Q.7(b) Let M be a 3 × 3 matrix satisfying M 1 2 , M 1 = 1 and M 1 0 .
0 3 0 1 1 12
Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is
[JEE 2011, 4]
[Ans. 9]
a1 a2 a3
[Sol. Let M = b1 b2 b3
c1 c2 c3
a1 a2 a3 0 1
b b2 b3 1 = 2
1 0 3
c1 c2 c3
a2 = – 1, b2 = 2, c2 = 3
a1 a2 a3 1 1
b b2 b3 1 = 1
1 0 1
c1 c2 c3
a1 – a2 = 1 a1 = 0
b1 – b2 = 1 b1 = 3
c1 – c2 = – 1 c1 = 2
a1 a2 a3 1 0
b b2 b3 1 = 0
1 1 12
c1 c2 c3
c1 + c2 + c3 = 12 c3 = 7
a1 + b2 + c3 = 9. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.8(i) Let P = [aij] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let Q = [bij], where bij = 2i+jaij for 1 i, j 3. If the determinant of
P is 2, then the determinant of the matrix Q is
(A) 210 (B) 211 (C) 212 (D) 213
[JEE 2012, 3]
[Sol. [D]
a11 a12 a13 a11 a12 a13
Let P = a 21 a 22
a 23 det.P = a 21 a 22 a 23
a 31 a 32 a 33 a 31 a 32 a 33
22 a11 23 a12 24 a13 a11 2a12 2 2 a13
3 4
then det Q = 2 a 21 2 a 22 25 a 23 = 222324 a 21 2a 22 2 2 a 23
24 a 31 25 a 32 26 a 33 a 2 2 a 33
31 2a 32
a11 a12 a13
= 29 ·2· 22 a a 22 a 23 = 212 det P = 213. Ans.]
21
31 a 32
a a 33
Q.8(ii) If P is a 3 × 3 matrix such that PT = 2P + I, where PT is the transpose of P and I is the 3 × 3 identity
x 0
matrix, then there exists a column matrix, X = y 0 such that
z 0
0
(A) PX = 0 (B) PX = X (C) PX = 2X (D) PX = – X
0
[JEE 2012, 3]
[Sol. [D]
PT = 2P + I
P T T
= 2PT + IT or P = 2PT + I
P = 2 (2P + I) + I or P = – I PX = – X. Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 4 4
Q.8(iii) If the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix P is 2 1 7 , then the possible value(s) of the determinant of P is(are)
1 1 3
(A) – 2 (B) – 1 (C) 1 (D) 2
[JEE 2012, 4]
[Sol. [AD]
1 4 4
adj(P) = 2 1 7
1 1 3
1 4 4 0 3 1
| adj(P) | = 2 1 7 = 0 1 1 = 4
1 1 3 1 1 3
| adj(P) | = | P |2 = 4 P = ±2. Ans.]
Q.9 For 3 × 3 matrices M and N, which of the following statement(s) is(are) not correct?
(A) NTMN is symmetric or skew symmetric, according as M is symmetric or skew symmetric.
(B) MN – NM is skew symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N.
(C) MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N.
(D) (adj M) (adj N) = adj (MN) for all invertible matrices M and N. [JEE Adv. 2013, 4]
[Sol. [CD]
(A) Let P = NTMN
PT = (NTMN)T = NT MT N
PT = P, if MT = M
or PT = – P, if MT = M
or PT = – P, if MT = – M
True
(B) Let Q = MN – NM
QT = (MN – NM)T
= (MN)T – (NM)T
= NTMT – MTNT
= NM – MN = – Q
True
(C) Let R = MN
RT = (MN)T = NTMT
= NM
False
(D) As, adj (MN) = (adj. N)(adj. M)
False. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.10 Let M and N be two 3 × 3 matrices such that MN = NM. Further, if M N2 and M2 = N4, then
(A) determinant of (M2 + MN2) is 0.
(B) there is a 3 × 3 non-zero matrix U such that (M2 + MN2) U is the zero matrix.
(C) determinant of (M2 + MN2) 1.
(D) for a 3 × 3 matrix U, if (M2 + MN2) U equals the zero matrix then U is the zero matrix.
[JEE Adv. 2014, 3]
[Sol. [AB]
M2 – N4 = O (M – N2) (M + N2) = O ……(1)
|M – N2| |M + N2| = 0
So, |M + N2| = 0 |M| |M + N2| = 0 |M2 + MN2| = 0 Option (A) is correct
(If |M + N2| 0 then (M + N2)–1 exist. So, from eq.(1), M – N2 = O, which is contradiction )
Also from Eq.(1), (M + N2) (M – N2) = O
(M2 + MN2) (M – N2) = O (M2 + MN2) U = O, where U = M – N2 Option (B) is correct
Q.11 Let M be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix with integer entries. Then M is invertible if
(A) the first column of M is the transpose of the second row of M.
(B) the second row of M is the transpose of the first column of M.
(C) M is a diagonal matrix with nonzero entries in the main diagonal.
(D) the product of entries in the main diagonal of M is not the square of an integer.
[JEE Adv. 2014, 3]
[Sol. [CD]
a b
M = b c
| M | = ac – b2 0 ac b2 option (C) (D). ]
Q.12 Let X and Y be two arbitrary, 3 × 3, non-zero, skew symmetric matrices and Z be an arbitrary 3 × 3,
non-zero, symmetric matrix. Then which of the following matrices is (are) skew symmetric?
(A) Y3Z4 – Z4Y3 (B) X 44 + Y44 (C) X4Z3 – Z3X4 (D) X23 + Y 23
[JEE Adv. 2015, 4]
[Sol. [C, D]
(A) (y3z4 – z4z3)T = y3z4 – z4y3 (symmetric)
(B) (x44 + y44)T = x44 + y44 (symmetric)
(C) 4 3 3 4 T 4 3 3 4
(x z – z x ) = – x z + z x (skew)
(D) (x23 + y23)T = – x23 – y23 (skew) ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SECTION-B
(JEE-MAIN Previous Year's Questions)
DETERMINANTS
Q.1 Consider the systemof linear equations [AIEEE 2010]
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
The system has
(1) Infinite number of solutions (2) Exactly3 solutions
(3)Aunique solution (4*) No solution
Q.2 The number of values of k for which the linear equations [AIEEE 2011]
4x + ky + 2z = 0
kx + 4y + z = 0
2x + 2y + z = 0
posses a non-zero solution is
(1) 3 (2*) 2 (3) 1 (4) zero
3 1 f (1) 1 f (2)
Q.3 If , 0, and f (n) = n + n and 1 f (1) 1 f (2) 1 f (3) = K(1 – )2 (1 – )2 ( – )2 ,
1 f (2) 1 f (3) 1 f (4)
then K is equal to
1
(1) – 1 (2) (3) (4*) 1
[JEE Main 2014]
[Sol. [4]
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 2 2 1 2 2
(Using product of two determinants)
= (1 – )2 ( – )2 (– 1)2
k = 1 ]
Q.4 The set of all values of for which the system of linear equations
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = x1
2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = x2
– x1 + 2x2 = x3
has a non-trivial solution,
(1*) contains two elements (2) contains more than two elements
(3) is an empty set (4) is a singleton [JEE Main 2015]
[Sol. [1]
2 2 1
2 (3 ) 2 0 = 1, –3. ]
1 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
MATRICES
Q.1 If A2 – A + I = 0, then the inverse of A is - [AIEEE-2005]
(1) A + I (2) A (3) A – I (4*) I – A
1 0 1 0
Q.2 If A = 1 1 and I = 0 1 , then which one of the following holds for all n 1, by the principle of
mathematical induction - [AIEEE-2005]
n
(1*) A = nA – (n – 1) I n n–1
(2) A = 2 A – (n – 1) I
(3) An = nA + (n – I) I (4) An = 2n–1A + (n – 1) I
Q.3 If A and B are square matrices of size n × n such that A2 – B2 = (A – B) (A + B), then which of the
following will be always true – [AIEEE 2006]
(1*) AB = BA (2) Either ofA or B is a zero matrix
(3) Either ofAor B is an identity matrix (4) A = B
1 2 a 0
Q.4 Let A = 3 4 and B = 0 b , a, b N. Then – [AIEEE 2006]
(1) there exist more than one but finite number of B's such that AB = BA
(2) there exist exactly one B such that AB = BA
(3*) there exist infinitely many B's such thatAB = BA
(4) there cannot exist any B such that AB = BA
5 5
0 5
Q.5 Let A = If |A2| = 25, then || equals- [AIEEE 2007]
0 0 5
1
(1) 52 (2) 1 (3*) (4) 5
5
Q.6 LetAbe a square matrix all of whose entries are integers. Then which one of the following is true ?
[AIEEE 2008]
(1) If det A ± 1, then A exists and all its entries are non-integers
–1
(2*) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists and all its entries are integers
(3) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 need not exist
(4) If det A= ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are not necessarily integers
Q.7 Let Abe a 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. Let I be the 2 × 2 identity matrix. Denote by tr (A), the sum of
diagonal entries of A,Assume that A2 = I. [AIEEE 2008]
Statement-I: If A I and A – I, then det A = – 1
Statement-II : If A I and A –I, then tr (A) 0
(1) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
(2) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
(3*) Statement-I is true, Statement -II is false
(4) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.8 Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix [AIEEE 2009]
Statement-I: adj (adj A) = A
Statement -II : | adj A | = | A |
(1*) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
(2) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
(3) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false
(4) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true
Q.9 The number of 3 × 3 non-singular matrices, with four entries as 1 and all other entries as 0, is
[AIEEE 2010]
(1) less than 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4*) at least 7
Q.10 Let A be a 2 ×2 matrix with non-zero entries and let A2 = I, where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix. Define
Tr(A) = sum of diagonal elements ofAand |A| = determinant of matrix A. [AIEEE 2010]
Statement-I : Tr(A) = 0.
Statement-II : | A | = 1.
(1) Statment-Iis True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
(2) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
(3*) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(4) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
Q.11 Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3. [AIEEE 2011]
Statement-I : A(BA) and (AB)Aare symmetric matrices.
Statement-II :AB is symmetric matrix if matric multiplication ofAwith B is communtative.
(1) Statment-Iis True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
(2*) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
(3) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(4) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
Q.12 Let P and Q be 3 × 3 matrices with P Q. If P3 = Q3 and P2Q = Q2P, then determinant of (P2 + Q2) is
equal to
(1*) 0 (2) – 1 (3) – 2 (4) 1 [AIEEE 2012]
[Sol. [1]
P3 = Q3
P2Q = Q2P
P3 – P2Q = Q3 – Q2P
P2 (P – Q) = Q2 (Q – P)
(P2 + Q2) (P – Q) = 0
| P 2 + Q2 | | P – Q | = 0
| P2 + Q2 | = 0 or | P – Q | = 0. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 0 0 1 0
Q.13 Let A = 2 1 0 . If u1 and u2 are column matrices such that Au1 = 0 and Au2 = 1 ,
3 2 1 0 0
then u1 + u2 is equal to
1 1 1 1
(1) 1 (2*) 1 (3) 1 (4) 1 [AIEEE 2012]
0 1 0 1
[Sol. [2]
x 1 0 0 x 1 1 0
2 1 0 y 1
u1 = y ; = 0 ; u1 = 2 ; u2 =
z 3 2 1 z 0 1 2
1
u1 + u2 = 1 . ]
1
1 3
Q.14 If P = 1 3 3 is the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and | A | = 4, then is equal to
2 4 4
(1*) 11 (2) 5 (3) 0 (4) 4 [JEE Main 2013]
[Sol. [1]
| adj A | = | A |2 = 42 = 16
1 3
1 3 3 = 16 2 – 6 = 16
2 4 4
= 11. ]
Q.15 If A is an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that AA' = A'A and B = A–1A', then BB' equals
(1) (B–1)' (2) I + B (3*) I (4) B–1
[JEE Main 2014]
[Sol. [3]
BBT = A–1AT (A–1AT)T
= A–1AT A(A–1)T = A–1AAT(A–1)T
= AT (A–1)T = (A–1A)T = IT = I. Ans. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 2 2
Q.16 If A' = 2 1 2 is a matrix satisfying the equationAAT = 9I, where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then
a 2 b
the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to
(1) (2, 1) (2*) (–2, –1) (3) (2, –1) (4) (–2, 1)
[JEE Main 2015]
[Sol. [2]
AAT = 9I
9 0 a 4 2b 9 0 0
0 9 0 = 0 9 0
a 4 2b 2a 2 2b a 2 4 b 2 0 0 9
On solving , a + 2b = –4
2a – 2b = –2
We get (a = –2, b = –1) Ans. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
(CBSE Previous Year's Questions)
DETERMINANTS
a ib c id
Q.1 Evaluate : c id a ib where i = 1 .
[CBSE Delhi 2008]
[Ans. a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ]
x2 3
Q.2 If x 5 4 = 3, find the value of x. [CBSE Delhi 2009]
[Ans. x = 10]
2 3 4
Q.3 Write the value of the following determinant : 5 6 8 [CBSE Delhi 2009]
6 x 9 x 12x
[Ans. 0]
Q.4 By using properties of determinants, prove the following :
x 4 2x 2x
2 x x 4 2 x = (5x + 4) (4 – x)2 [CBSE Delhi 2009]
2x 2x x 4
1 1 p 1 p q
Q.5 Using properties of determinants, prove the following 2 3 2p 1 3p 2q = 1
3 6 3p 1 6p 3q
[CBSE (AI) 2009]
xy x x
Q.6 Using properties of determinants, prove the following : 5x 4 y 4 x 2 x = x3 [CBSE (AI) 2009]
10 x 8 y 8x 3x
bc ca ab
Q.7 If a, b and c are real numbers and D = c a a b b c ,
ab bc ca
show that either a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c. [CBSE (F) 2009, (AI) 2007C]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
a b c
Q.8 If a, b, c are positive and unequal, show that the following determinant is negative : = b c a
c a b
[CBSE (AI) 2010]
Q.9 Prove the following, using properties of determinants :
a bx 2 c dx 2 p qx 2 b d q
ax 2 b cx 2 d px 2 q = (x4 – 1) a c p [CBSE (F) 2010]
u v w u v w
cos15º sin 15º
Q.10 Evaluate : sin 75º cos 75º [CBSE (AI) 2011]
[Ans. 0]
a2 ab ac
Q.11 Using properties of determinants, prove that ba b2 bc = 4a2b2c2 [CBSE Delhi 2011]
ca cb c2
Q.12 By using properties of determinants, prove the following :
a bc 2a 2a
2b bca 2b = (a + b + c)3 [CBSE (F) 2011]
2c 2c ca b
Q.13 Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
x y z
x2 y2 z 2 = xyz (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) [CBSE Delhi 2011]
x3 y3 z3
x 4 2x 2x
Q.14 Using properties of determinants, prove the following : 2 x x 4 2 x = (5x + 4) (4 – x)2
2x 2x x 4
[CBSE Delhi 2011]
x 2 2 x 3 3x 4
Q.15 Using properties of determinants, solve the following for x : x 4 2 x 9 3x 16 = 0
x 8 2 x 27 3x 64
[CBSE (AI) 2011]
[Ans. x = 4]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
bc a a
Q.16 Using properties of determinants, show that b c a b = 4abc. [CBSE 2012]
c c ab
2 3 5
Q.17 IfAij is the cofactor of the element aij of the determinant 6 0 4 , then write the value of a32 ·A
A32.
1 5 7
[CBSE 2013]
[Ans.110 ]
Q.18 Using properties of determinants, prove that following
3x x y x z
xy 3y z y = 3(x + y + z) (xy + yz + zx) [CBSE 2013]
xz yz 3z
3x 7 8 7
Q.19 If , find the value of x. [CBSE 2014]
2 4 6 4
[Ans. –2]
Q.20 Using properties of determinants, prove that
xy x x
5x 4y 4x 2x x 3
[CBSE 2014]
10x 8y 8x 3x
Q.21Det Using properties of determinants, prove that
a3 2 a
b3 2 b
= 2(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c)
c3 2 c
[CBSE 2015]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
MATRICES
3 4
Q.1 If A = 7 8 , show that A–A
AT is a skew symmetric matrix where AT is the transpose of matrix A.
[CBSE Delhi 2003]
Q.2
(i) Prove that the sum of two skew-symmetric matrices is a skew-symmetric matrix.
(ii) Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
1 3 5
6 8 3
4 6 5 [CBSE Delhi 2006]
A A' A A'
[Ans. (ii) ]
2 2
cos sin cos n sin n
Q.3 If A = sin cos , prove that An = sin n cos n , n N.
[CBSE Delhi 2006, 2005, 2004]
x 3y y 4 1
Q.4 If 7 x 4 = 0 4 , find the value of x and y.. [CBSE (AI) 2008]
[Ans. x = 7, y = –1]
Q.5 Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations : [CBSE (AI) 2008]
3x – 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y – z = 1
4x – 3y + 2z = 4
[Ans. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3]
Q.6 If matrix A = [1 2 3], write AA', whereA' is the transpose of matrix A. [CBSE Delhi 2009]
[Ans. [14] ]
3x y y 1 2
Q.7 Find the value of x, if 2 y x 3 = 5 3 . [CBSE (AI) 2009]
[Ans. x = 1 and y = –2]
Q.8 Using matrices, solve the following system of equations :
x+y+z=6
x + 2z = 7
3x + y + z = 12 [CBSE (AI) 2009]
[Ans. x = 3, y = 1, y = 2]
2 1
Q.9 Write the adjoint of the following matrix : [CBSE (AI) 2010]
4 3
3 1
[Ans. 4 2 ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 1
Q.10 Find the inverse of A= 4 1 using elemenary transformations. [CBSE (F) 2010]
1 1
[Ans. A–1 = 4 3 ]
Q.11 Find the inverse of the following matrix using elementary opertaions.
1 2 2
A = 1 3 0 [CBSE (AI) 2010]
0 2 1
3 2 6
[Ans. A = 1 1 2 ]
–1
2 2 5
2 1 3
Q.12 If A= 1 3 1 , find A–1. UsingA–1, solve the following system of equations :
2 1 1
2x + y + 3z = 9; x + 3y – z = 2; –2x + y + z = 7 [CBSE (F) 2010]
4 2 10
1
[Ans. A =
–1 1 8 5 ; x = –1, y = 2, z = 3]
30 7 4 5
x y z 9
Q.13 Find the value of x, y, and z if x z = 5 [CBSE (F) 2011]
y z 7
[Ans. x = 2, y = 4, z = 3]
i
Q.14 For a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [aij], whose elements are given by aij = , write the value of a12.
j
[CBSE Delhi 2011]
[Ans. 1/2]
Q.15 Using matrices, solve the following system of equations :
4x + 3y + 2z = 60, x + 2y + 3z = 45 and 6x + 2y + 3z = 70 [CBSE (AI) 2011]
[Ans. x = 5, y = 8, z = 8]
Q.16 Find the value of (x + y) from the following equation :
x 5 3 4 7 6
2 = [CBSE 2012]
7 y 3 1 2 15 14
[Ans. x + y = 11]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3 4
Q.17 If AT = 1 2 and B = 1 2 1 , then find AT – BT. [CBSE 2012]
0 1 1 2 3
4 3
[Ans. 3 0 ]
1 2
Q.18 Let A be a square matrix of order 3 × 3. Write the value of | 2A |, where | A | = 4. [CBSE 2012]
[Ans. 32]
Q.19 Using matrices, solve the following system of equations :
2x + 3y + 3z = 5, x – 2y + z = – 4, 3x – y – 2z = 3 [CBSE 2012]
[Ans. x = 1, y = 2, z = –1]
0 1 2
Q.20 For what value of x, is the matrixA= 1 0 3 a skew-symmetric matrix?
x 3 0
[CBSE 2013]
[Ans. 2]
3 3
Q.21 If matrix A = and A2 = A, then write the value of . [CBSE 2013]
3 3
[Ans. 6]
Q.22 The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its members (say x) for
honesty, some (say y) for helping others and some others (say z) for supervising the workers to keep the
colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is 12. Three times the sum of awardees for cooperation
and supervision added to two times the number of awardees for honesty is 33. If the sum of the number
of awardees for honestyand supervision is twice the number of awardees for helping others, using matrix
method, find the number of awardees of each category. Apart from these values, namely, honesty,
cooperation and supervision, suggest one more value which the management of the colony must include
for awards. [CBSE 2013]
[Ans. 3, 4, 5]
Q.23 IfAis a square matrix such thatA2 =A, then write the value of 7A- (I +A)3, where I is an identity matrix.
[CBSE 2014]
[Ans. – I]
x y z 1 4
Q.24 If , find the value of x + y [CBSE 2014]
2x y w 0 5
[Ans. x = 1, y = 2]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.25 Two schools A and B want to award their selected student on the values of sincerity, truthfulness and
helpfulnes. The school Awants to award Rs. x each. Rs.y each and Rs. z each for the three respective
values to 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money of Rs. 1,600. School B wants to
spend Rs. 2,300 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values (by giving the same award
money to the three values as before). If the total amount of award for one prize on each value is Rs. 900,
using matrices, find the award money for each value which should be considered for award.
[CBSE 2014]
[Ans.x = 200, y = 300, z = 400 ]
cos sin
Q.26 If A= , then for any natural number n, find the value of Det (An). [CBSE 2015]
sin cos
[Ans:1]
Q.27 Using elementaryrow operations (transformations), find the inverse of the following matrix:
0 1 2
1 2 3
3 1 0
[CBSE 2015]
3 2 1
9 6 2
[Ans: ]
5 3 1
0 6 7 0 1 1 2
6 0 8 1 0 2 2
Q.28 If A = , B= ,C= , then calculate AC, BC and (A + B) C. Also verify
7 8 0 1 2 0 3
that (A + B) C = AC + BC
[CBSE 2015]
9 1 10
12 8 20
[Ans: AC = ; BC = ; (A + B) C = ;]
30 2 28
Q.29 There are 2 familiesAand B. There are 4 men, 6 women and 2 children in familyA, and 2 men, 2 women
and 4 children in family B. The recommended daily amount of calories is 2400 for men, 1900 for
women, 1800 for children and 45 grams of proteins for men, 55 grams for women and 33 grams for
children. Represent the above information using matrices. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the total
requirement of calories and proteins for each of the 2 families. What awareness can you create among
people about the balanced diet from this question?
[CBSE 2015]
[Ans: Total amount of calories for familyAis 24600;
Total amount of calories for family B is 15800;
Total amount of proteins for familyA is 576 gram;
Total amount of proteins for family B is 332 gram;]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
SECTION-B
(Potential Problems Based on CBSE)
DETERMINANTS
sin 20º cos 20º
Q.1 Write the value of sin 70º cos 70º .
[Ans. 1 ]
Q.2 Find the value of k, if area of a triangle is 4 sq. unit when its vertices are
(k, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2)
[Ans. k = 8 ]
Q.3 Prove that 2 2
2 = ( – ) ( – ) ( – ) ( + + )
1 x x2
Q.4 By using properties of determinants, show that : x 2 1 x = (1 – x3)2
x x2 1
a 2 1 ab ac
2
Q.5 By using properties of determinants, show that ab b 1 bc = 1 + a2 + b2 + c2
ca cb c2 1
x 1 x 2 x a
Q.6 Show that x 2 x 3 x b = 0, where a, b, c are in A.P..
x3 x 4 x c
Q.7 Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
3a a b a c
a b 3b c b = 3(a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca)
a c bc 3c
Q.8 Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
a b c
a b b c c a = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
bc ca a b
cosec2 cot 2 1
2 2
Q.9 Without expanding, show that = cot cosec 1 = 0
42 40 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
MATRICES
3 0 81 0
Q.1 If A = 0 3 , find A4. [Ans. 0 81 ]
cos sin sin cos 1 0
Q.2 Simplify cos sin cos + sin cos sin [Ans. 0 1 ]
Q.3 If A = [aij] is a square matrix such that aij = i2 – j2, then write whether A is symmetric or skew-
symmetric.
[Ans. A= –AT, Ais skew-symmetric]
Q.4 If A is square matrix of order 3 such that |A| = , then write the value of |–A|.
[Ans. – ]
Q.5 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |adj A | = 64, find |A|.
[Ans. |A| = ±8 ]
Q.6 If A2 – A + I = 0, find the inverse of A.
[Ans. I – A]
5 3
Q.7 IfAis non-singular square matrix such that A–1 = , then find (AT)–1.
2 1
5 2
[Ans. 3 1 ]
2 3
2 1 3 4 2 , find AB and BA. Also show that AB BA.
Q.8 If A = 4 5 1 and B =
1 5
2 0 1 1 1 3
Q.9 Find A2 – 5A + 6I, if A = 2 1 3 [Ans. 1 1 10 ]
1 1 0 5 4 4
3 2 1 0
Q.10 If A = 4 2 and I = 0 1 , find k so that A = kA – 2I.
2
[Ans. k = 1]
2 3
Q.11 Show that the matrix A= 1 2 satisfies the equation A2 – 4A+ I = O, where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix
and O is 2 × 2 zero matrix. Using the equation, find A–1.
2 3
[Ans. 1 2 ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
1 2 3 7 8 9 1 2
Q.12 Find the matrix X so that X 4 5 6 = 2 4 6 [Ans. 2 0 ]
0 tan
Q.13 If A = 2 and I is the identity matrix of order 2,
tan 0
2
cos sin
show that I + A = (I – A) · sin cos .
2 3
Q.14 Let A = 1 2 . Then show that A2 – 4A + 7I = 0. Using this result calculate A5.
118 93
[Ans. 31 118 ]
2 3 5
Q.15 If A = 3 2 4 , find A–1 and hence solve the following system of linear equations :
1 1 2
2x + 3y + z = 11
–3x + 2y – 4z = 4
5x – 4y – 2z = –9
[Ans.x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3 ]
Q.16 Solve the following system of equations :
3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
= 4, = 1, =2
x y z x y z x y z
[Ans. x = 2, y = 3 and z = 5]
2 3 8
Q.17 If A = 0 2 5 , then find the value of for which A–1 exists. [Ans. – ]
1 1 3 5
2 3 1
Q.18 If A = 5 2 , write A–1 in terms of A. [Ans. A]
19
1 tan x cos 2 x sin 2 x
Q.19 If A = tan x 1 , show that A A
T –1
= sin 2 x cos 2 x .
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
EXERCISE-5 (Rank Booster)
sin x sin( x h ) sin( x 2h )
Q.1 Let f (x) = sin( x 2h ) sin x sin( x h ) .
sin( x h ) sin( x 2h ) sin x
f (x )
If Lim has the value equal to k(sin 3x + sin3x) find k N.
h 0 h2
[Ans. 3]
[Sol. C2 C2 – C1 and C3 C3 – C1
sin x sin( x h ) sin x sin( x 2h ) sin x
f(x) = sin( x 2h ) sin x sin( x 2h ) sin( x h ) sin( x 2h )
sin( x h ) sin( x 2h ) sin( x h ) sin x sin( x h )
h h
sin x 2 cos x sin 2 cos( x h ) sin h
2 2
3h h
f(x) = sin( x 2h ) 2 cosx h sin h 2 cos x sin
2 2
3h h h h
sin( x 2h ) 2 cos x sin 2 cos x sin
2 2 2 2
h sin h 2 sin h
Lim cos x
sin x Lim 2 cos( x h )
h0 2 h 2 h 0 h
f (x )
Lim 2 = sin ( x h ) Lim 2 cosx h sin h 3h sin h 2
Lim cos x
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 2 h 2
3h sin h 2 h sin h 2
sin( x 2h ) Lim cos x Lim cos x
h 0 2 h 2 h 0 2 h 2
sin x cos x 2 cos x 0 3 cos x cos x Using
= sin x 2 cos x cos x = 0 3 cos x 2 cos x R 1 R1 R 2
sin x cos x cos x sin x cos x cos x R2 R2 R3
0 3 1
= cos2x 0 3 2
sin x 1 1
= cos2 x sin x [6 + 3] = 9 sin x (1 – sin2 x)
= 2 (3 sin x – 3 cos3x)
= 3 (3 sin x – 4 sin3 x + sin3x)
= 3 (sin3x + sin3x). Ans.]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.2 If a, b and c are the roots of the cubic x3 – 3x 2 + 2 = 0 then find the value of the determinant
( b c) 2 a2 a2
b2 (c a ) 2 b2
c2 c2 (a b ) 2
[Ans. – 108]
a
[Sol. x3 – 3x2 + 2 = 0 b
c
a + b + c = 3, abc = 2
Now D = 2abc (a + b + c)3
= 2.2 (27) = 108 Ans.]
Q.3 Investigate for what values of , the simultaneous equations x + y + z = 6;
x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 & x + 2 y + z = have;
(a) A unique solution. (b) An infinite number of solutions. (c) No solution.
[Ans.(a) 3 (b) = 3, =10 (c) = 3, 10]
[Sol. x+y+z=6
x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + z = µ
1 1 1 0 0 1
D = 1 2 3 = 1 1 3
1 2 1
( – 2) – 1 = – 3 for unique solution D 0 l 3
6 1 1
D1 = 10 2 3
2
C2 C2 – C3 ; C1 C1 – 6C1
R2 R2 – R3
6 0 1
10 1 3 or 6 (– – 6 + 3) + c
2
= 6[– – 3(2 – )] + 1(20 – 10) +
= 6[– – 6 – 3] + 20 – 10 + = 12 – 36 + 20 – 10 +
D1 = 2 + – 16
1 6 1 0 4 2
D2 = 1 10 3 = 0 10 3
1 1
4( – 3) + 2(10 – )
D2 = 4 +8 – 2 = 2 (2 – + 4)
1 1 6 0 1 4
D3 = 1 2 10 = 0 0 10 or 1 [ – 10] = – 10 = D3
1 2 1 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Unique solution D 0 i.e. 3
Intinite solution D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
i.e. = 3, = 10
No solution = 3, 10
If = 3 and = 10, then
(1) D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 infinite solution
(2) No solution, = 3 and m 10
(3) Unique solution 3 ]
1 3 5
Q.4 Given the matrix A = 1 3 5 and X be the solution set of the equation Ax = A,
1 3 5
x3 1
where x N – {1}. Evaluate 3 where the continued product extends x X.
x 1
3
[Ans. ]
2
1 3 5 1 3 5 1 3 5
[Sol. A2 = 1 3 5 1 3 5 = 1 3 5 = A matrix A is idempotent
1 3 5 1 3 5 1 3 5
Hence A2 = A3 = A4 = ....... = A
x = 2, 3, 4, 5, ..........
n
x3 1
now Lim 3
x 2 x 1
n
n
x 1
n
x2 x 1
Lim
n
x 1 x2 x 1
x 2 x 2
3 4 5 n (n 1) 3 7 13 n 2 n 1
Lim · · ....... · · ....... 2
n 1 2 3 (n 1) 7 13 21 n n 1
n ( n 1) 3 3
Lim · 2 = . Ans.]
n 1· 2 n n 1 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
3x 2 ( x 2) 2 5x 2 2x
2
Q.5(a) Let A = 1 , B = [a b c] and C = 5x 2x ( x 2) 2 be three given matrices,
6x 2x
( x 2) 2 5x 2
where a, b, c and x R, Given that tr·(AB) = tr·(C) x R, where tr·(A) denotes trace of A.
Find the value of (a + b + c).
[Ans. 7]
3ax 2 3bx 2 3cx 2
c
[Sol. We have AB = a b
[13th, 17-01-2010, P-2]
6ax 6bx 6cx
Now tr·(AB) = tr·(C) 3ax2 + b + 6cx = (x + 2)2 + 2x + 5x2 x R (Identity)
3ax2 + 6cx + b = 6x2 + 6x + 4
Hence a = 2, c = 1, b = 4 a + b + c = 7 Ans.]
2 1
Q.5(b) GivenA= 2 1 ; B = 3 1 . I is a unit matrix of order 2. Find all possible matrix X in the following
9 3
cases.
(i) AX = A (ii) XA = I (iii) XB = O but BX O.
a b
[Ans. (i) X = 2 2a 1 2b for a, b R; (ii) X does not exist;
a 3a
(iii) X = c 3c a, c R and 3a + c 0; 3b + d 0. ]
a b
[Sol. Let c d such that a, b, c, d R
2 1 a b 2 1 2a c 2b d 2 1
(i) AX = A 2 1 c d = 2 1 or 2a c 2b d = 2 1
or 2a + c = 2 and 2b + d = 1
a b
i.e. X = 2 2a 1 2b for a, b R
a b
(ii) Let X = c d
a b 2 1 1 0
c d 2 1 = 0 1
2a 2b a b
2c 2d c d
1
ab & ab 0
2 which is not possible
c d 0 & c d 1
Hence X does not exist.
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
a b 9 3 9a 3b 3a b
(iii) XB = 0 c d 3 1 = 0 9c 3d 3c d = 0 3a + b = 0 and 3c + d = 0
9 3 a b 9a 3c 3b 3d
BX = 3 1 c d = 3a c 3b d 0 3a + c 0 ; 3b + d 0
a 3a
Thus X = c 3c a, c R and 3a + c 0 ]
sin 2 x sin x 1 cos 2 x cos x 1
sin x 1 sin 2 x and g(x) = cos x 1 cos 2 x .
Q.5(c) Let f(x) =
1 sin 2 x sin x 1 cos 2 x cos x
If h(x) = Tr. f ( x ) g( x ) , then find the absolute value of the difference between maximum and
minimum value of h(x).
[Note: Tr. (P) denotes the trace of matrix P.]
[Ans. 3]
[Sol.50706/mat/OMR We have, Tr. f ( x ) g( x ) = 3 (sin2x cos2x + sin2x cos x + 1)
= 3 sin x cos x =
1 3 3 1 sin 2x 3
2
2 4 4
21 9
So, h max . sin 2x 1 and h min . sin 2 x 1
4 4
21 9 12
Hence, h max . h min . = = = 3. Ans.] [13th, 13-11-2011, P-1]
4 4 4
Q.6
Let A be the 2 × 2 matrices given by A = a ij where a ij 0,1, 2, 3, 4
such that a11 + a12 + a21 + a22 = 4
(i) Find the number of matrices A such that the trace of A is equal to 4.
(ii) Find the number of matrices A such that A is invertible.
(iii) Find the absolute value of the difference between maximum value and minimum value of det (A).
(iv) Find the number of matricesA such that A is either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both and det (A)
is divisible by 2.
[Ans. (i) 5, (ii) 18, (iii) 8, (iv) 5]
We have A
a b
[Sol. where a, b, c, d {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} and a + b + c + d = 4
c d
Category a+b+c+d = 4 Cases :
4! 24
(1) Type-I 4, 0, 0, 0 4
3! 6
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
4! 24
(2) Type-II 3, 1, 0, 0 12
2! 2
4! 24
(3) Type-III 2, 1, 1, 0 12
2! 2
4! 24
(4) Type-IV 2, 2, 0, 0 6
2! 2! 4
4! 24
(5) Type-V 1, 1, 1, 1 1
4! 24
Total number of matrices A = 4 + 12 + 12 + 6 + 1 = 35
4 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 0
(i) 0 0 , 0 4 , 0 1 , 0 3 , 0 2 ; are 5 matrices A where trace of A is equal to 4.
(ii) For matrix A to be invertible, det (A) 0.
Type-I has no determinant whose value is non-zero.
Type-II have 4 determinants whose value is non-zero.
Type-III have all its 12 determinants whose value is non-zero.
Type-IV have 2 determinants whose value is non-zero.
Type-V have no determinant whose value is non-zero.
Total number of matrices A such that A is invertible are = 0 + 4 + 12 + 2 + 0 = 18.
2 0 0 2
(iii) Maximum value of det (A) = 0 2 = 4 and minimum value of det (A) = 2 0 = – 4
Absolute value of difference = | 4 – (– 4) | = 8. [12th, 03-10-2010, P-2]
(iv) There will not be any skew-symmetric matrix because no element is negative and sum of elements is 4.
For symmetric matrix, pair of conjugate elements must be same.
4 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 1 0 1
Type-I : 0 0 , 0 4 ; Type-II : 0 1 , 0 3 Type-III : 1 0 , 1 2 ;
2 0 0 2 1 1
Type-IV : 0 2 , 2 0 Type-V : 1 1
Clearly, there are 5 symmetric matrices A such that det (A) is divisible by 2. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.7 Let An and Bn be square matrices of order 3, which are defined as
2i j 3i j
An = [aij] and Bn = [bij] where aij = 2 n and bij = for all i and j, 1 i, j 3.
3 22n
If
l = Lim Tr. 3A1 32 A 2 33 A3 ...... 3n A n
n
and
m = Lim Tr. 2B1 22 B2 23 B3 ...... 2n Bn ,
n
then find the value of (l + m).
[Note : Tr. (P) denotes the trace of matrix P.]
[A ns. 21]
2i j 1
[Sol. An = 2 n = 2 n [2i + j]
3 3
1
3n An = [2i + j]
3n
1 18
Tr. (3nAn) = n (3 + 6 + 9) = n n N
3 3
Tr. (3A1 + 3 A2 + ...... + 3 An) = Tr. (3A1) + Tr. (32A2) + ........ + Tr. (3nAn)
2 n
2 18
=6+2+ + ...... + n
3 3
6
l = nLim
2 n
tr 3A1 3 A 2 ....... 3 A n = nLim
2 18
6 2 ....... n = 1 1 = 9
3 3 3
1 12
|||ly Tr. (2nBn) = n (2 + 4 + 6) = n
2 2
Tr. (2 B1 + 2 B2 + 2 B3 + .......+2nBn) = tr (2B1) + tr(22B2) + .......+ tr(2nBn)
1 2 3
12 12 12
= 2 ......... n .
2 2 2
n
12 12
n 2 2
12
m = Lim tr 2B1 2 2 B2 ...... 2 n Bn = Lim 2 ...... n =
6
2 1 1
= 12
l + m = 9 + 12 = 21. Ans.] [12th, 25-09-2011, P-2] 2
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.8 Let Mn = [mij] denotes a square matrix of order n with entries as follows
for 1 i n, mi i = 10 ;
for 1 i n – 1, mi + 1, i = mi, i + 1 = 3
and all other entries in Mn are zero.
Let Dn be the determinant of matrix Mn, then find the value of (D3 – 9D2).
[Ans. 1]
[Sol. If n = 2 then for 1 i 2 mii = 10 i.e. m11 = m22 = 10
and for 1 i 1, m21 = m12 = 3 [12th, 21-08-2011, P-1]
10 3
Hence M2 = 3 10
10 3
D2 = 3 10 = 100 – 9 = 91
for n = 3
1 i 3, mi i = 10 i.e. m11 = m22 = m33 = 10
for 1 i 2, m21 = m12 = 3 and m32 = m23 = 3
10 3 0
Hence M3 = 3 10 3
0 3 10
10 3 0
D3 = 3 10 3 = 10(100 – 9) – 3(30) = 910 – 90 = 820
0 3 10
D3 – 9D2 = 820 – 9(91) = 820 – 819 = 1. Ans.]
Q.9 If A is an orthogonal matrix and B = AP where P is a non singular matrix then show that the matrix
PB–1 is also orthogonal.
[Sol. Given AAT = ATA = I i.e. AT = A–1
Now Let C = PB –1
consider CCT = (PB–1) (PB–1)T
using A–1B = P (given)
CCT = (A–1B B–1) (A–1B B–1)T
= A–1 (A–1)T
= AT A
=I
|||ly T
C C=I Hence proved. ]
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DETERMINANTS & MATRICES
Q.10 Let f(x) = x 1 x 2 . Find the number of symmetric matrices A of order equals to the number of
integers in the range of f(x) and whose elements are the integral elements in the range of f(x)
and also Tr(A) is either equal to 1 or 0.
[Note : Tr (A) denotes the trace of matrix A]
[Ans. 351]
2
[Sol.50714/mat/OMR f(x) = x 1 x
Df : x [–1, 1]
Range : 1, 2
Number of integers = 3, i.e. –1, 0, 1 [12th, 30-09-2012, P-2]
d1 a b
A = a d2 c
b c d
3
Number of symmetric matrices such that Tr(A) = 0 or 1.
d1 + d2 + d3 = 0 or 1
0, 0, 0 1
0, 0, 1 3 Total = 13
0, 1, 1 3!
1, 1, 1 3
13 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 351. Ans.]
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