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MODEL

Project: T Section Model: 1 Date: 22/06/2024

MODEL - GENERAL DATA

General Model name : 1
Project name : T Section
Type of model : 3D
Positive direction of global axis Z : Upward
Classification of load cases and : According to Standard: None
combinations National Annex: None

Options RF-FORM-FINDING - Find initial equilibrium shapes of membrane and cable structures

RF-CUTTING-PATTERN

Piping analysis

Use CQC Rule

Enable CAD/BIM model

Standard Gravity
g : 10.00 m/s2

FE MESH SETTINGS
General Target length of finite elements I FE : 0.500 m
Maximum distance between a node and a line  : 0.001 m
to integrate it into the line
Maximum number of mesh nodes (in thousands) : 500

Members Number of divisions of members with cable, : 100

elastic foundation, taper, or plastic characteristic
Activate member divisions for large deformation
or post-critical analysis
Use division for members with node lying on them

Surfaces Maximum ratio of FE rectangle diagonals D : 1.800

Maximum out-of-plane inclination of two finite  : 0.50 °
elements
Shape direction of finite elements : Triangles and quadrangles
Same squares where possible

Cartesian 1.1 NODES

Node Reference Coordinate Node Coordinates
No. Node Type Node System X [m] Y [m] Z [m] Comment
1 Standard - Cartesian 0.000 0.000 0.000 Supported
2 Standard - Cartesian 0.000 0.000 0.850 Supported
4 Standard - Cartesian 0.000 0.000 1.700 Supported
6 Standard - Cartesian 0.000 0.000 2.550 Supported
8 Standard - Cartesian 0.000 0.000 3.400 Supported
10 Standard - Cartesian 0.000 0.000 4.250 Supported

1.2 LINES
Line Line Length
No. Line Type Nodes No. L [m] Comment
1 Polyline 1,2 0.850 Z
2 Polyline 2,4 0.850 Z
3 Polyline 4,6 0.850 Z
4 Polyline 6,8 0.850 Z
5 Polyline 8,10 0.850 Z

1.3 MATERIALS
Matl. Modulus Modulus Poisson's Ratio Spec. Weight Coeff. of Th. Ex Partial Factor Material
No. E [kN/cm2] G [kN/cm2]  [-]  [kN/m3]  [1/°C] M [-] Model
1 Aluminum EN-AW 6063 (EP) T5 | EN 1999-1-1:2007
7000.00 2700.00 0.296 27.00 2.30E-05 1.00 Isotropic Linear
Elastic

1.7 NODAL SUPPORTS

Support Column Support Conditions
No. Nodes No. Axis System in Z uX uY uZ X Y Z
1 1,2,4,6,8,10 Global X,Y,Z

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MODEL

Project: T Section Model: 1 Date: 22/06/2024

TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1
1.13 CROSS-SECTIONS
Section Matl. J [cm4] Iy [cm4] Iz [cm4] Principal Axes Rotation Overall Dimensions [mm]
No. No. A [cm2] Ay [cm2] Az [cm2]  [°] ' [°] Width b Height h
1 TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1
1 0.04 25.44 2.19 0.00 0.00 50.0 90.0
2.90 0.88 1.57

TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1 TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

50.0

2.1
1 23 5

2.1
29.7

7 y
90.0

2.1
8

9
z

[mm]

CROSS-SECTION PROPERTIES TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

Cross-Section Property Symbol Value Unit
Depth h 90.0 mm
Width b 50.0 mm
Flange thickness t 2.1 mm
Web thickness s 2.1 mm
Fillet weld thickness a 2.1 mm
Cross-sectional area A 2.90 cm2
Shear area Ay 0.88 cm2
Shear area Az 1.57 cm2
Shear area according to EC 3 Av,z 1.87 cm2
Distance to center of gravity ez 29.7 mm
Moment of inertia Iy 25.44 cm4
Moment of inertia Iz 2.19 cm4
Polar moment of inertia Ip 27.64 cm4
Governing radius of gyration ry 29.6 mm
Governing radius of gyration rz 8.7 mm
Polar radius of gyration ro 30.9 mm
Weight wt 0.8 kg/m
Surface Asurf 0.280 m2/m
Torsional constant J 0.04 cm4
Distance from the shear center to the center of gravity zM -28.7 mm
Warping constant referring to M Cw 0.00 cm6
Warping constant for warping of rectangular parts I,rect 0.19 cm6
Elastic section modulus Sy,max 4.22 cm3
Elastic section modulus Sy,min -8.56 cm3
Elastic section modulus Sz 0.88 cm3
Statical moment of area Qy,max 3.81 cm3
Statical moment of area Qz,max 0.66 cm3
Normalized warping constant W no 0.00 cm2
Max. sectorial coordinate of rectangular parts referring to M W no,rect 0.93 cm2
Warping statical moment Qw 0.00 cm4
Stability parameter according to Kindem ry,Kindem 13.6 mm
Stability parameter rM,z 71.0 mm
Location of area center line fz -8.7 mm
Plastic section modulus Zy,max 7.47 cm3
Plastic section modulus Zz,max 1.41 cm3
Plastic shape factor Zy,max/Sy 1.769
Plastic shape factor Zz,max/Sz 1.606
Buckling curve (DIN 18800-2:2008-11) BCy,DIN c
Buckling curve (DIN 18800-2:2008-11) BCz,DIN c
Buckling curve acc. to EN BCy,EN c
Buckling curve acc. to EN BCz,EN c

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MODEL

Project: T Section Model: 1 Date: 22/06/2024

CROSS-SECTION PROPERTIES TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

Cross-Section Property Symbol Value Unit
Buckling curve acc. to EN for steel S 460 BCy,EN,S460 c
Buckling curve acc. to EN for steel S 460 BCz,EN,S460 c

STRESS POINTS TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

S-Point Coordinates Stat. Moments of Area Thickness Warping
No. y z Sy [cm3] Sz [cm3] t [mm]  [cm2] A [cm4]
1 -25.0 -29.7 0.00 0.00 2.1 0.00 0.00
2 -1.0 -29.7 -1.43 -0.65 2.1 0.00 0.00
3 0.0 -29.7 -1.49 -0.66 2.1 0.00 0.00
4 1.0 -29.7 -1.43 0.65 2.1 0.00 0.00
5 25.0 -29.7 0.00 0.00 2.1 0.00 0.00
6 0.0 -27.6 -3.03 0.00 2.1 0.00 0.00
7 0.0 0.0 -3.81 0.00 2.1 0.00 0.00
8 0.0 15.3 -3.57 0.00 2.1 0.00 0.00
9 0.0 60.3 0.00 0.00 2.1 0.00 0.00

C/T-PARTS TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1
c/t-Part c [mm] c/t Coordinates Avg. Stat. Moments [cm3]
No. Restrained t [mm] [-] yStart, zStart yEnd, zEnd Sy Sz
1 One Side 21.0 9.99 -4.02 -25.00 0.63 0.40
2.1 -29.73 -29.73
2 One Side 21.0 9.99 4.02 25.00 0.63 0.40
2.1 -29.73 -29.73
3 One Side 84.9 40.44 0.00 0.00 2.85 0.00
2.1 -24.66 60.27

1.17 MEMBERS
Mbr. Line Rotation Cross-Section Hinge No. Ecc. Div. Length
No. No. Member Type  [°] Start End Start End No. No. L [m]
1 1 Beam Angle -90.00 1 1 - - - - 0.850 Z
2 2 Beam Angle -90.00 1 1 - - - - 0.850 Z
3 3 Beam Angle -90.00 1 1 - - - - 0.850 Z
4 4 Beam Angle -90.00 1 1 - - - - 0.850 Z
5 5 Beam Angle -90.00 1 1 - - - - 0.850 Z

2.1 LOAD CASES

Load Load Case No Standard Self-Weight - Factor in Direction
Case Description Action Category Active X Y Z
LC1 Wind Wind 0.000 0.000 0.000

2.1.1 LOAD CASES - CALCULATION PARAMETERS

Load Load Case
Case Description Calculation Parameters
LC1 Wind Method of analysis : Geometrically linear analysis
Method for solving system of : Newton-Raphson
nonlinear algebraic equations
Activate stiffness factors of: : Cross-sections (factor for J, Iy, Iz, A, Ay, Az)
: Members (factor for GJ, EIy, EIz, EA, GAy, GAz)

LC1 3.2 MEMBER LOADS LC1: Wind

Wind Reference On Members Load Load Load Reference Load Parameters
No. to No. Type Distribution Direction Length Symbol Value Unit
1 Members 1-5 Force Concentr. YL True Length P 0.600 kN
A 50.000 %

3.2/2 MEMBER LOADS - LOAD ECCENTRICITY - CONCENTRATED FORCE

LC1: Wind
Reference On Members Absolute Offset Relative Offset
No. to No. eY [mm] eZ [mm] y-Axis z-Axis
1 Members 1-5 0.0 0.0 Middle Middle

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RESULTS

Project: T Section Model: 1 Date: 22/06/2024

4.0 RESULTS - SUMMARY

Description Value Unit Comment
Load Case LC1 - Wind
Sum of loads in X 0.00 kN
Sum of support reactions in X 0.00 kN
Sum of loads in Y 3.00 kN
Sum of support reactions in Y 3.00 kN Deviation 0.00%
Sum of loads in Z 0.00 kN
Sum of support reactions in Z 0.00 kN
Resultant of reactions about X 0.000 kNm At center of gravity of model (X:0.000, Y:0.000, Z:2.125 m)
Resultant of reactions about Y 0.000 kNm At center of gravity of model
Resultant of reactions about Z 0.000 kNm At center of gravity of model
Max. displacement in X 0.0 mm
Max. displacement in Y 0.3 mm Member No. 1, x: 0.408 m
Max. displacement in Z 0.0 mm
Max. vector displacement 0.3 mm Member No. 1, x: 0.408 m
Max. rotation about X -0.9 mrad Member No. 1, x: 0.000 m
Max. rotation about Y 0.0 mrad
Max. rotation about Z 0.0 mrad
Maximum member strain 0.000 ‰ Member No. 0, x: 0.000 m
Method of analysis Linear Geometrically linear analysis
Reduction of stiffness Cross-sections, Members, Surfaces
Number of load increments 1
Number of iterations 1
Maximum value of element of stiffness matrix on 1.594E+05
diagonal
Minimum value of element of stiffness matrix on 7.171E+03
diagonal
Stiffness matrix determinant 3.565E+54
Infinity Norm 5.115E+05

Summary

Other Settings:
Number of 1D finite elements 5
Number of 2D finite elements 0
Number of 3D finite elements 0
Number of FE mesh nodes 6
Number of equations 36
Max. number of iterations 100
Number of divisions for member results 100
Division of cable/foundation/tapered members 100
Number of member divisions for searching 100
maximum values
Subdivisions of FE mesh for graphical results 3
Percentage of iterations according to Picard 5 %
method in combination with Newton-Raphson
method

Options:
Activate shear stiffness of members (Ay, Az)
Activate member divisions for large deformation
or post-critical analysis
Activate entered stiffness modifications
Ignore rotational degrees of freedom
Check of critical forces of members
Nonsymmetric direct solver if demanded by
nonlinear model
Method for the system of equations Direct
Plate bending theory Mindlin
Solver version 64-bit

Precision and Tolerance:

Change default setting

4.1 NODES - SUPPORT FORCES

Node Support Forces [kN] Support Moments [kNm]
No. LC/CO PX PY PZ MX MY MZ
1 LC1 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 WIND
2 LC1 0.00 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 WIND
4 LC1 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 WIND
6 LC1 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 WIND
8 LC1 0.00 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 WIND
10 LC1 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 WIND
 Supp. LC1 0.00 3.00 0.00
 Loads LC1 0.00 3.00 0.00

4.12 CROSS-SECTIONS - INTERNAL FORCES

Member Node Location Forces [kN] Moments [kNm]
No. LC/CO No. x [m] N Vy Vz MT My Mz
Section No. 1: TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1
1 LC1 1 0.000 0.00 0.00 -0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.425 0.00 0.00 -0.21 0.00 -0.09 0.00
0.425 0.00 -0.00 0.39 0.00 -0.09 0.00
2 0.850 0.00 -0.00 0.39 0.00 0.08 0.00
2 LC1 2 0.000 0.00 0.00 -0.32 0.00 0.08 0.00
0.425 0.00 0.00 -0.32 0.00 -0.06 0.00
0.425 0.00 -0.00 0.28 0.00 -0.06 0.00
4 0.850 0.00 -0.00 0.28 0.00 0.06 0.00

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RESULTS

Project: T Section Model: 1 Date: 22/06/2024

4.12 CROSS-SECTIONS - INTERNAL FORCES

Member Node Location Forces [kN] Moments [kNm]
No. LC/CO No. x [m] N Vy Vz MT My Mz
3 LC1 4 0.000 0.00 0.00 -0.30 0.00 0.06 0.00
6 0.850 0.00 -0.00 0.30 0.00 0.06 0.00
4 LC1 6 0.000 0.00 0.00 -0.28 0.00 0.06 0.00
0.425 0.00 0.00 -0.28 0.00 -0.06 0.00
0.425 0.00 -0.00 0.32 0.00 -0.06 0.00
8 0.850 0.00 -0.00 0.32 0.00 0.08 0.00
5 LC1 8 0.000 0.00 0.00 -0.39 0.00 0.08 0.00
0.425 0.00 0.00 -0.39 0.00 -0.09 0.00
0.425 0.00 -0.00 0.21 0.00 -0.09 0.00
10 0.850 0.00 -0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00

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RF-ALUMINUM ADM

Project: T Section Model: 1 Date: 22/06/2024

RF-ALUMINUM ADM
CA1
Design of aluminum 1.1 GENERAL DATA
members according to ADM Members to design: All
Sets of members to design:

Standard: ASD 2020

Ultimate Limit State Design

Load cases to design: LC1 WIND

1.2 MATERIALS
Matl. Material E- Modulus Shear Modulus Poisson's Ratio Yield Stress Max. Thickness
No. Description E [kN/cm2] G [kN/cm2]  [-] fyk [kN/cm2] t [mm]
1 Aluminum 6063-T5 (Extrusions) | 6963.71 2611.39 0.330 0.00 12.7
ADM 2010
0.00 25.4

TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1 1.3 CROSS-SECTIONS

Sect. Matl. Cross-Section Cross-Section Max Design
No. No. Description Type Ratio Comment
1 1 TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1 Welded T-section, 0.91
symmetric

1.5 EFFECTIVE LENGTHS - MEMBERS

Member Buckli Length Buckling About Axis Buckling About Axis Lateral-Torsional and Flexural-Torsional Member Type
No. Possi L [m] Possibl Ky KyL[m] Possibl Kz KzL[m] Possi K Lw [m] Lt [m] Me [kNm] Type y-y Type z-z
1 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 0.850 Eigenvalue Beam Beam
2 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 0.850 Eigenvalue Beam Beam
3 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 0.850 Eigenvalue Beam Beam
4 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 0.850 Eigenvalue Beam Beam
5 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 1.00 0.850 0.850 Eigenvalue Beam Beam

2.4 DESIGN BY MEMBER

Member Location LC/CO/ Design Equation Description
No. x [m] RC No.
1 Cross-section No. 1 - TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1
0.850 LC1 0.91 1 105) Cross-section check - Bending about y-axis acc. to F
0.425 LC1 0.05 1 115) Cross-section check - Shear force in z-axis acc. to G
0.425 LC1 0.08 1 127) Cross-section check - Shear buckling acc. to G.2 or G.3 - Shear
force on z-axis
0.850 LC1 0.91 1 321) Stability analysis - Lateral-torsional buckling acc. to F

2 Cross-section No. 1 - TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

0.000 LC1 0.91 1 105) Cross-section check - Bending about y-axis acc. to F
0.000 LC1 0.04 1 115) Cross-section check - Shear force in z-axis acc. to G
0.000 LC1 0.07 1 127) Cross-section check - Shear buckling acc. to G.2 or G.3 - Shear
force on z-axis
0.000 LC1 0.91 1 321) Stability analysis - Lateral-torsional buckling acc. to F

3 Cross-section No. 1 - TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

0.000 LC1 0.69 1 105) Cross-section check - Bending about y-axis acc. to F
0.000 LC1 0.04 1 115) Cross-section check - Shear force in z-axis acc. to G
0.000 LC1 0.06 1 127) Cross-section check - Shear buckling acc. to G.2 or G.3 - Shear
force on z-axis
0.000 LC1 0.69 1 321) Stability analysis - Lateral-torsional buckling acc. to F

4 Cross-section No. 1 - TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

0.850 LC1 0.91 1 105) Cross-section check - Bending about y-axis acc. to F
0.425 LC1 0.04 1 115) Cross-section check - Shear force in z-axis acc. to G
0.425 LC1 0.07 1 127) Cross-section check - Shear buckling acc. to G.2 or G.3 - Shear
force on z-axis
0.850 LC1 0.91 1 321) Stability analysis - Lateral-torsional buckling acc. to F

5 Cross-section No. 1 - TS 90/50/2.1/2.1/2.1

0.000 LC1 0.91 1 105) Cross-section check - Bending about y-axis acc. to F
0.000 LC1 0.05 1 115) Cross-section check - Shear force in z-axis acc. to G
0.000 LC1 0.08 1 127) Cross-section check - Shear buckling acc. to G.2 or G.3 - Shear
force on z-axis
0.000 LC1 0.91 1 321) Stability analysis - Lateral-torsional buckling acc. to F

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