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TASK 1 ielts

ielts (Trường Đại học Ngoại thương)

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TASK 1:

The given diagram depicts the figure for consumer expenditure in dissimilar
items in five Europe countries in the year 2002.

In general, the category for consumer goods that five countries spent most on
was in Drink/Food/Tobacco, while the lowest spending could be seen in the
category of leisure/education in all countries.

Looking at the table, Turkey and Ireland household expenditure were the
highest proportion of their income on food and drink with 32,14% and 28,91%,
respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of consumer spending in Spain was
responsible for 18,8%, compared to 16,36% by people in Italy and 15,77% by
residents in Sweden.

Consumers spent on clothing and footwear escalated below 9%, except Italy
took the lead with 9% in this category. Ireland, Spain, Sweden and Turkey were
accounted for around 6,63%. The amount of money that residents spent on
education and leisure activities were lower than the aforementioned categories.
Spain took a nosedive with practically 2%, which was a close half ratio with
Turkey, at 4,35%. The figure for the remainders was below 3,22%.

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CHANGE OVER TIME

Introduction: sử dụng How - how many - how much để paraphrase

Overview structure:
There was an increase/decrease in..., (with ... witnessing the most dramatic change),
while (if there is another trend/the opposite was true for …). In addition/ It is also
clear that, ... highest/lowest figures...

Body paragraphs:
1. Cách chia đoạn
Phân tích các key feature --> nhóm các đối tượng có trend tương đồng hoặc đối
nghịch lại với nhau.

similarly: tương tự

conversely - on the other hand, meanwhile: đối nghịch

2. Cấu trúc ngữ pháp

body 1: germany + italy: similarly

body 2: france + austria: meanwhile

The number/ proportion/ amount of... started at..., after which it experienced a
rise/growth/ decline to... in..., before ending the period at... – cấu trúc này nên để
đầu đoạn thân bài.

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VD:the amount of money expended on books in Germany started at 80 million dollars,

after which it experienced a slight fluctuation in range of 10 million dollars, before
ending the period at nearly 100 million dollars in 2005.

· “Data”, with a subsequent increase/ decrease/ levelling off/ fluctuation... and a

final... – cấu trúc này nên để đầu đoạn thân bài.

VD: Just over 55 million dollars was spent on books by French citizens in 1995, with
a subsequent moderate/gradual increase and a minimal final rise in 2001 to 78 million
dollars.

· The figure for... (number/ proportion/ amount of...) was at... (or change...),
followed by a slow/ significant increase/ decrease to...

VD: Similarly, The figure for Italy was at 50 million dollars followed by an
appreciable decline to around 5 million dollars before rising again in the final
duration, with over 50 million dollars in 2008/ to over 50 million dollars

· The figure for...+V, and (but) + V

VD: Similarly, the figure for Italy/Italian spending fluctuated in the range from 50 to
55 million from 1995 to 1999, followed by a progressive growth to just over

60 million in the final year.

• Similar/opposite changes can be seen in the figure(s) for ..., which …

VD: Similar changes can be seen in the figure for italy, which fluctuate

• The figure for ... saw similar/ opposite changes, V-ing

VD:

• The figure for ... + “change”, ending/ reaching ...

VD:

Further inspection reveals that - looking at the table, ...

it can be seen from the table that ...

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The line graph illustrates how much money people in Germany, France, Italy and
Austria spent on books from 1995 to 2005.

Overall, despite some fluctuations, there was an increase in the amount of money
spent on books in all four countries examined, with Austria witnessing the most
dramatic rise in the latter half of the period. In addition, Germany consistently had the
highest figures throughout the period.

About 80 million dollars was used for books by citizens in Germany in 1995, with
mild fluctuations in the first 8 years and a final rise from just over 85 million in 2003
to about 95 million in 2005. Similarly, the figure for Italy/Italian spending fluctuated
in the range from 50 to 55 million from 1995 to 1999, followed by a progressive
growth to north of 60 million in the final year.

The expenditure on books in France started at about 55 million dollars, after which it
saw a consistent increase to approximately 75 million in 2005. The figure for Austria
saw similar changes in the first half of the period, growing from 30 million in 1995 to
40 million in 1999 and maintained at this level until 2001. From 2003 onwards, it
increased considerably, reaching almost 75 million in the final year of the period.

***
- Government/national + budget/expenditure/spending/coffers (plural): chi
tiêu của chính phủ dành cho

- The opposite was true/ a rise was seen in the USA.

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Exercise 2:

Your report:
The given graph illustrates how much protein products/food products were consumed
in European countries from 1979 to 2004.

Overall, despite some fluctuations, there was a decrease in the figure of fish and meat
consumption, except for chicken products witnessing the most dramatic rise in the
latter half of the period. In addition, fish consumption consistently had the lowest
figures throughout the period.

About 150 grams of chicken were used for personal expenditure per week in 1979,
with constant upward fluctuations in the middle of durations, between 160 and 225
grams and a final rise to 250 grams in 2004. Conversely, the consumption of beef
started at over 200grams, after which it saw a consistent decline to approximately
from 175 grams to 110 grams in the final period.

The figure for lamb products spending fluctuated in the range from 150 down to 70
grams from 1979 to 1999, followed by a considerable decrease with practically 60
grams in the final year. Fish was less popular in the comparison with/than the
aforementioned and its figures was the lowest expenditure and had few variations
during the searched timescale, around 55 grams.

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NO CHANGE OVER TIME

Ngôn ngữ so sánh: similarities/differences/highest/lowest, …
Overview structure:
There was an increase/decrease in..., (with ... witnessing the most
dramatic change), while (if there is another trend/the opposite was
true for …). In addition/ It is also clear that, ... highest/lowest
figures...
Important structures:
• … was …, and the figure(s) for … and … was/were lower, at …
and … respectively.
• …, followed by…
• While …, …
• Data, compared to …/as opposed to/in comparison to …
• … (far) exceed(s/ed) that of … and …, with respective figures
being …and …
• … was …, which was % higher than that of …

Vocabulary:
• So sánh hơn (-er, more) – higher, greater, lower, less, fewer,
more popular ...
• So sánh nhất (-est, the most)
• Phân biệt cách dùng With và At:
At (ở mức…): mô tả trực tiếp Chủ ngữ - là 1 con số (the figure
for …).
With (với…): sử dụng con số để minh họa cho Chủ ngữ - là 1
đại lượng nào đó (The population of Vietnam)
Hanoi is the most populated city in VN, with XX million people/
the figure for HN population is the greatest among …., at XX million
• So sánh ngang bằng: (not) + as + adj + as
• Ngôn ngữ xếp hạng
The first/second/third position belongs to ….
N + hold/stand in/at + the first/ the leading / the second / the
third + position/ place/ranking.
• So sánh gấp

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The chart shows the percentage of teenage boys and girls in Vietnam engaging
= who engaged in different pastimes in 2010.

The given chart depicts how many male and female youngsters/teenagers in
Vietnam attended dissimilar pastimes in 2010.

Overall,despite some fluctuations, male youngsters were attracted by outside

activities,while the vast majority of scales were spent on the sedentary lifestyle
by females. In addition, Sports consistently had the highest figures for males
throughout the period.

About 28% of male citizens were attended sports and witnessed the all-time
highest during the searched timescale, compared to the number of opposite-sex
individuals was stood at 12%. Going to the park by boys accounted for a
quarter, followed by girls with practically a half time. Similar percentage can be
seen by art and craft for females with activities at the park, however, over 5% of
males played this field.

Computer games saw a period of stability on both genders, at 15%. 18% of

girls spent time on reading exceeded that of boys, with practically 10%, while
the number of Boys and Girls watched DVDs was estimated at 10% and
17%,respectively.

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migrated to and from = moving in and out

permanent job = definite job

Paraphrase:
- the percentage/proportion of people immigrated to the
UK …
- moved in the UK
- emigrate/ move out the UK
- immigrants/emigrants
- the percentage whose reason to move out the UK is to
find a definite job ...
- while boys generally enjoyed outdoor activities the most
- counterparts

- The second position belonged to art and craft; the park

activities with practically a quarter ( 25%)
- About 27% of the boys in the survey said that they often
engage in playing sports in their free time, compared to only
12% of their female counterparts.
- Dramatic differences were also seen in the proportion of boys
and girls doing art and craft, which was 25% and 4% in that
order.
- (respectively = which was…. in that order)
- As for reading books, around 18% of girls enjoyed
(*) (data làm chủ ngữ)
reading books, while only 10% of the boys did so.
- at precisely = with practically
- The percentage of teenagers playing computer games as
a leisure pursuit was the same for both genders, at
precisely 15%.

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SAMPLE : The chart shows the percentage of teenage boys and girls in Vietnam
engaging in different pastimes in 2010.

The given chart illustrates the proportion of female and male

youngsters attending in dissimilar pastimes in 2010.
Overall, while boys generally enjoyed outdoor activities the
most, girls tended to indoor ones. It is clear that dramatic
differences could not be seen in the figures for both genders
playing video games.
About 27% of the boy in this survey said that they often
engaged in playing sports, compared to 12% of their female
counterparts. Similarly, the percentage of male youngsters far
exceeded that of girls, which was 25% and 12% in that order.
Dramatic differences were seen in the percentage of boys and
girls doing art and craft, with the respective figure being 7%
and 25%. As for reading books, around 18% of girls enjoyed
this activity, while only 10% of the boy did so.

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The ratio of teenagers playing video games as a leisure

pursuit was the same for both genders, at precisely 15%.
Meanwhile, there was also 15% of boys watching DVDs in
their free time, a slightly higher percentage of girls, at 18%,
did the same.

A LOT OF INFORMATION
· Chia theo CATEGORIES chứ không chia theo đối tượng.
· Chọn 1 category, mô tả số liệu highest trước, sau đó so sánh nó
với các số liệu khác (thường là số liệu lowest) trong cùng category
đấy sử dụng các cấu trúc đã học (những số liệu tương tự nhau – bằng
hoặc không chênh nhiều thì dùng AVERAGE AT/liệt kê ra/followed
by.
· 1 body nên dài tối đa 4 câu (2-3 câu ghép, 1-2 câu đơn) và
thường mô tả 2-3 categories.
Cụm bắt đầu Body part 1: With regard to; Turning to

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SAMPLE: The bar chart below shows the amount of money invested in each category
from five organizations in 2010.

The given bar chart illustrates how much money was spent on four
purposes in five organizations in the year 2010.
In general, despite some fluctuations, there was an increase in the
amount of money spent on Organization A and B, with Organization
B witnessing the most dramatic rise during the research time. In
addition, three remaining choices had lower figures throughout the
period.
With regard to Organization B, the largest investment went to
building at 1.7 billion Euros, 0.1 billion Euros more than the
funding for research. The equivalent figure for building of
Organization A was drastically lower, at 0.5 billion Euros. The
expenditures on

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SAMPLE: The table illustrates the proportion of monthly household income five
European countries spend on food and drink, housing, clothing and entertainment

The given table depicts how much money was spent in five European countries
on food and drink, housing, clothing and entertainment.

Overall, people in all five nations allocate the largest portion/part of their
income for food and drinks and housing. It is also clear that clothing is the
smallest spending area in all of the countries examined, except for Germany.

The percentage of money used for food and drink in Turkey is highest,
accounting for 36% of resident’s income, and the figures for Spain and the UK
are slightly lower, at 31% and 27% respectively. In addition, people in Germany
and France allocate around 25% of their monthly earnings for this spending
area. By contrast, 37% of people’s income is spent on accommodation in the
UK, compared to 33% in Germany and 31% in France. Meanwhile, the figures
for Turkey and Spain are about 20%.

Clothing constitutes 15% of the monthly expenditure of households in

Germany, doubling that of France and Spain. Meanwhile, the spending on

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clothing in the UK and Turkey is similar, with respective figures being 11% and
12%. Finally, 19% of German households ‘income goes into entertainment, in
comparison with 15% in Spain and 13% in France. The expenditure on
recreational activities in the UK and Turkey is almost the same, at around 10%.

MAPS
• Paraphrase: Intro và một vài đối tượng trong bản đồ
• Overview: 2-3 most significant changes
• Body 1: west – center
• Body 2: center – east
Khi đọc bản đồ luôn nhìn từ phía trên bên trái xuống
Luôn đề cập vị trí khi mô tả các thay đổi
• Remember to link features together

Important language:
• Được xây: To be added/constructed/built/erected/
• Bị dỡ bỏ: To be removed/demolished/knocked down (to make way/room
for…)/ to be cleared to facilitate the construction of …/ was removed to allow
… next to/opposite it to expand.
• Đổi thành cái gì: To be changed/converted/turned/transformed into
sth/become sth – to be replaced by sth
• Giữ nguyên: To stay the same/to remain/no changes were made to …
• Được xây lại, di chuyển đi nơi khác: To be rebuilt/moved to
somewhere/reconstructed on to the … of …
• Được cải tiến, hiện đại hóa: Sth old be redeveloped (as a new-bigger-
more modern)/be modernized
• Chỗ đất trống: Bare/vacant land/ open space
• Road, railway: extended/widened/reopen/joined/branch off/deviate
• Trees/forest: cut down/chopped down/cleared to make way for/planted/
… was built at the expense of the green area
• Amenities (swimming pool/shopping malls/…): established/developed
• In the south/west/north/east – to the south/west/north/east of sth – in the
center of sth
• In the northern/southern/western/eastern/central + part/section
• Housing area - accommodation area/restaurant – apartment complex/car
park – parking space/

Important structures:
• Intro: The diagrams/map/picture + show/illustrate/describe + the changes
that took place/how … changed + in … between … and …

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• Overview: …underwent/has undergone a number of dramatic changes,

the most important of which is/are the development of/expansion
of/disappearance of/rearrangement of …
• Overview: the expansion of a housing area catering for the increase in the
population of the town/the construction of 2 classrooms catering for the increase
in student numbers/ the expansion of a hospital catering = which caters for the
increase in healthcare needs.
cater for sth
• S+V, and S+V
• S+V, while S+V
• The … also saw a number of changes, with A being turned into B, and C
being converted into D/ with the Noun of sth
• N: construction, replacement, expansion, development, demolition -
demolish, transformation,
• S+V, which was accompanied by …
• … was constructed …, replacing …
• There used to be a …, but it was then redeveloped into … (removed to
make way for …)

A (be) construct / built / erected

- To replace B
- In the place of B
- As a replacement for B

B (be) demolish / torn down to make way for A

The demolishment of A lead to / result in the erection of
A (be) turned into/ converted into B
The presence of
shrinkage of
Adjacent to N: gần kề
To the south
The area opposite them was
Parallel to

Further transformations could be seen in

One of significant development was
The year of 20… also witnessed the erection of
….which led to the reduction in the size of

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SAMPLE 1:

introduction: The given maps describe the changes that took place in the town
of Harborne between 1936 and 2007.
overview: In general, Harborne/the town/the area underwent a number of
dramatic changes, the most important of which were the replacement of
surrounding areas. The ince
The given maps describe the changes that took place in the town of Harborne
between 1936 and 2007.
Overall, the town underwent a number of dramatic changes, the most important
of which were the development of a large residential area and the establishment
of more recreational facilities.
From 1936 to 2007, the river was filled in order to make room for the
development of a residential area/housing area/accommodation in the north
east of Harborne. in the southwest of the city, Trees were cut down.chopped
down from 3 down 1
In the heart of Harborne, there appeared a shopping center in 2007 , while a
supermarket was built on the site of where the sweet shop and butchers used to
be. Across from the post office, the flower shop was replaced by a travel agent
in the southwest, whereas/meanwhile/in the meantime during the searched
time, the library and the bank remained. In the northeast, the government offices

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were turned into a museum and the farming area was transformed into a golf
course.

SAMPLE 2:

SAMPLE 2:

The given maps show how a particular area has changed from 1995 to the
present.
Overall, the area was likely to undergo some dissimilar changes. The most
considerable change is the development of apartments and the demolition of the
public park.
From 1995 to present, the public park was knocked down in order to make room
for accommodation for tourists in the northeast. The hotel nearby was
upgraded/redeveloped into a bigger one, while an opposite car park/parking
space/site was added and is functioning/operating right now. In the corner of
northeast, the farmland was converted into/replaced by a golf and a tennis
course.
a golf and a tennis course were constructed, replacing the farmland
The chains of housing in the northwest increased more rooms, however,the
sport center, which was located below, was replaced by a restaurant complex,
but located in dissimilar position/ along the road

there has been an expansion of the housing area in the northwest of the
searched area.

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In the southwest,the disappearance of the fish market is the reason why

apartments appeared the same size. While the coffee next there still remains,
the sea was used as a tourism facility: yacht. The morning fish boat,which sat
on the corner in the same direction, was demolished.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Intro: Paraphrase
The picture/diagram shows/describes the process of + Ving = how to V = How S + V

Overview:
Overall, the process comprises/consists of a number of steps, beginning with …,
(through different mixing/cutting/burning… stages), and ending with (the final
products being transported to supermarkets or customers)

Body paragraph: group steps together (cách để nhóm các bước khá linh hoạt, tùy vào
từng đề bài. Tuy nhiên, khi phân đoạn body 1-2 cần make sense, tức là phải nhóm các
STEPS trong cùng 1 PHASE lại với nhau chứ không tách 2 bước ở body 1 rồi bước
cuối ở body 2. VD: giai đoạn sơ chế, chế biến, đóng gói …)

Important structures:
· S + V + before Ving/ S + V

· After Ving/ S + V, S + V

· …, which is followed by + N

· Once S + V, S + V (Một khi Sth đã bị làm sao, sth sẽ tiếp tục)

· …, after which S + V

· …, and then S + V

· ..., at which point S + V

· In order to/so that/to ensure that

· SỬ DỤNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Linking words/phrases:
· At the beginning of the process, S + V, after which…

· Next/ Subsequently …

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· Body 2: the process continues with …

· Finally, the finished products are distributed to retailers and wholesalers for sale. /at
the final stage of the process, …

· by means of/using …

NATURAL PROCESS
Điểm khác biệt của Natural process và manufacturing process là Natural process
không có điểm kết thúc và trong bài phải sử dụng thể chủ động là chủ yếu. Mô tả kĩ
những thay đổi diễn ra qua từng giai đoạn.

Important vocabulary:

Experience/undergo significant changes

· Pass through three distinct physical stages

· Lay a couple of/ a massive number of eggs

· Begin life as eggs

· Hatch within 3 to 5 days

· Hatch into …

· The hatching process

· To be … cm in length/ to be … cm long

·Vary in size/colours/shapes

· To be termed …/ to be commonly called …

· Grow to adult size/ grow to maturity/ turn into an adult

· Make it to the adult stage

· Emerge/appear

· Feeding grounds

· Feed on…

limbs

· External gills/ internal gills

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· Grow the hind legs/ the front legs

· Grow quickly in size/ double in size

· Shed their old skin/ shed their outer layer

· Moult several times

· Breathe underwater

· Make mass migration across long distances

· The cycle repeats itself/ starts again

· The life cycle takes/lasts …. Days/weeks/…

· After …days/weeks of development

· Normally live for … to … weeks/months/years

· Over the course of … days/weeks

· To be covered with …

· Build their nests in trees/on the ground

· Under optimal conditions

· In adverse circumstances

Introduction + Important structures: tương tự

Overview: Overall, there are various stages in the life of/in the process/ of a common
frog…, from …, to ..., to …

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SAMPLE: The diagram below shows the life cycle of a frog.

The picture depicts the life expectancy of a frog.

In general, there are 6 main steps in the development of a frog from frogspawn
to mating.

Overall, there are various stages in the life of a common frog, from mature frogs
mating to produce frog spawn, to the growth of the immature form, known as
tadpole, to mature frogs developing some time later.

At the beginning of the process, the mating of two adult frogs takes place on the
bank of a river or pond, after which frogspawn or eggs are laid in the water by
the female. This is followed by the frogspawn hatching into small tadpoles, at
which point they gradually develop their limbs and organs and change their
body shape while living in the water.

By the fifth stage, the tadpoles start to grow into young frogs. Although they
still live in the water, their tails are shorter than before and their limbs develop
significantly. When young frogs become mature, they have no tail and its four
limbs are fully developed. It is then ready to leave the water and it continues to

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grow in size. In the final stage, the frog is fully adult and is ready to mate. The
cycle will then continue again.

TASK RESPONSE
In both the Academic and General Training test, Task 2 requires test takers to
formulate and develop a position in relation to a given prompt in the form of a
question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may
be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250
words in length.

1. BAND DESCRIPTORS
Understand all the terminology in the band descriptors.

BAND 5 BAND 6 BAND 7 BAND 8 BAND 9

• addresses • addresses all • addresses • • fully

the task only parts of the task all parts of sufficiently addresses
partially; the although some the task addresses all parts of
format may parts may be all parts of the task
be • presents a the task
inappropriate more fully covered clear • presents
in places than others position • presents a fully
throughout a well- developed
• expresses a • presents a the developed position in
position but relevant position response response answer to
the although the to the the
development conclusions may • presents, question question
is not always extends and with with
become unclear or supports
clear and repetitive relevant,
there may be main ideas, relevant, fully
no • presents relevant but there extended extended
conclusions main ideas but may be a and and well
drawn some may be tendency to supported supported
over- ideas

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• presents inadequately generalize ideas

some main developed/unclear and/or
ideas but supporting
these are ideas
limited and
not may lack
sufficiently focus
developed;
there may be
irrelevant
detail

address the problem/ solve/ resolve/alleviate: giải quyết

BAND 5:

· Trong đề bài là dạng 1-2-3 questions, tuy nhiên ở band 5, test taker không
address được hết các câu hỏi. VD: Với đề bài là discuss both views and give your
opinion thì cần address hết 3 questions. -> address hết các yêu cầu trong đề bài.

· Format của writing task 2: The essay in Task 2 should consist of

paragraphs and should not contain headings, sub-headings, dot points or a list of
numbered ideas. In addition, an essay should be organized into paragraphs, with
an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. -> viết đúng format.

· Có position nhưng không rõ ràng hoặc không thống nhất, không có kết
luận. position rõ ràng + nhớ viết kết luận (dù chưa viết xong thân bài thứ 2
nhưng sắp hết giờ thì phải bỏ qua và viết kết luận).

· Có một vài ideas nhưng tất cả ideas đều bị hạn chế và không được phát
triển, supported đầy đủ, không được giải thích kĩ càng -> Đã đưa ra main idea
nào thì cần phát triển idea đó.

· Lạc đề. -> bỏ các chi tiết không liên quan.

BAND 6:

· Address các câu hỏi không đều. VD: Phần thân bài address câu hỏi 1 với
200 từ ở body 1, body 2 address câu hỏi 2 với 50 từ. -> phân bố phù hợp, đều
nhau (có thể chênh lệch nhau 15-20%)

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· Phần kết luận không rõ ràng (người đọc không nhận ra được ý chốt của mình
hoặc không ăn nhập với tất cả các phần trên của bài) và có thể bị lặp ( đơn thuần
lặp lại những từ vựng và cấu trúc ngữ pháp có trên đề bài).

· Một vài ideas không được phát triển đầy đủ hoặc không rõ ràng.

BAND 7:

· Có xu hướng quy chụp, over-generalize. VD trong bài có những câu như:

Many human activities are destroying the environment

the government/authorities

author

→ hedged voice bằng các từ giảm nhẹ tính quy chụp.

· Bị lan man khi support ideas hoặc bị quá đà (lack focus).

2. COMMON MISTAKES
THE BEST

· Some people think that the best way to ensure road safety is to increase the
minimum legal age for driving cars and riding motorbikes. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

· Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Many think that
having these people to give a talk to school students is the best way to tell them about
the dangers of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Lỗi thường gặp đó là VD với đề bài đầu tiên, nhiều người sẽ đi chứng minh giải
pháp này không phải the best way bằng cách nêu ra các điểm xấu/không hiệu
quả của nó. Tuy nhiên, 1 giải pháp có 1-2 điểm chưa tốt vẫn có thể là the best
way. Tương tự, nếu muốn chứng minh nó là the best way thì việc đưa ra và giải
thích các điểm tốt của giải pháp đấy là không logic vì tốt ở điểm A, B, C nhưng
chưa chắc đã là tốt nhất.

Để chứng minh nó là the best way thì phải chỉ ra giải pháp này hiệu quả và tốt
hơn các giải pháp khác. Tương tự, Để chứng minh nó không phải the best way
thì cần at least 1 giải pháp có hiệu quả ngang nó hoặc hơn nó.

THE ONLY:

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· The only way to improve the safety of our roads is to give much stricter
punishments for driving offences. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Để chứng minh 1 giải pháp là duy nhất thì phải chỉ ra các giải pháp khác do not
work. Ngược lại, chứng minh 1 giải pháp không là duy nhất thì cần chỉ ra có
những cách khác cũng work (không nhất thiết phải hiệu quả bằng/hơn).

-> Nếu mắc phải lỗi lập luận không logic như thế này, band điểm cho TA sẽ là 5.0
vì không đưa ra được a relevant position.

SHOULD

· Some people think that mobile phones should be banned in public places like
libraries, shops and on public transport. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

· Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others
think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.

Nếu SHOULD thì nêu ra nó có lợi cho A, cho B. Vì vậy, nên làm. Hoặc cũng có
thể lập luận việc này có 1 vài cái bất lợi nhưng lợi ích mà nó mang lại nhiều hơn,
cho nên vẫn nên làm (counterargument).

Nếu SHOULD NOT thì nêu ra nó gây bất lợi cho A, cho B. Vì vậy, không nên
làm. Tương tự TH trên.

… AND…

· Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others
however believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

· When a new town is planned, it is more important to develop public parks and
sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time in. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Khi discuss, cần discuss cả 2 ý của phần …AND….

Nếu không thì ở VD 1, band điểm cao nhất cho TA la 6.0. Ở VD 2, band điểm cao
nhất cho TA là 5.0 (vì chỉ addresses the task partially)

ADVANTAGES OUTWEIGH DISADVANTAGES:

· Research shows that business meetings, discussions and training are happening
online nowadays. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

· In many places, people’s lifestyle is changing rapidly, and this affects family
relationships. Do you think the advantages of those developments outweigh the
disadvantages?

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· Some people do not go directly to college but travel or work for a short time. Do
you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Lỗi thứ nhất nhiều người mắc phải đó là chứng minh điều này có lợi cho A + cho
B à advantages outweigh the disadvantages??? BAND 5

Lỗi thứ 2 là chỉ nêu 1 advantage và 1 disadvantage à trong đề bài có số nhiều.

BAND 6

Lỗi thứ 3 là nêu 1 advantage và 2 diadvantages hoặc ngược lại à mắc lỗi some
parts may be fully covered than others – BAND 6

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENT

· Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered on

campus. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

· Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language. Do you
think this is a positive or negative development?

Với dạng này, ví dụ nếu muốn chứng minh sự phát triển này là POSITIVE, có 2
cách:

· Chứng minh sự phát triển này là tốt cho A + cho B

· Counterargument: mặc dù nó có điểm xấu nhưng đưa ra cách giải quyết + đưa
ra các điểm tốt.

PROBLEMS – SOLUTIONS AND CAUSES – EFFECTS

· Nowadays, more and more older people who need employment compete with
the young people for the same jobs. What problems does this cause? What are the
solutions?

· These days, people in some countries are living in a “throw-away” society,

which means people use things in a short time then throw them away. What are the
causes and the problems?

Tương tự dạng advantages outweigh the disadvantages, test takers sẽ nhận

BAND 5 -6 nếu mắc các lỗi tương tự.

WRAP-UP FOR HIGH BAND SCORE IN TASK RESPONSE

· Answer the question (or questions) fully

· Avoid simply listing ideas

· Avoid generalization

GRAMMAL RANGE AND ACCURACY

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1. BAND DESCRIPTORS

Understand all the terminology in the band descriptors.

BAND 5 BAND 6 BAND 7 BAND 8 BAND 9

• uses only a • uses a mix of • uses a • uses a wide • uses a wide

limited range simple and variety of range of range of
of structures complex sentence complex structures structures
forms structures with full
• attempts • the majority of flexibility
complex • makes some • produces sentences are and
sentences but errors in frequent error-free accuracy;
these tend to grammar and error-free rare minor
be less punctuation but sentences • makes only errors occur
accurate than they rarely very occasional only as
simple reduce • has good errors or ‘slips’
sentences communication control of inappropriacies
grammar and
• may make punctuation
frequent but may
grammatical make a few
errors and errors
punctuation

may be faulty;
errors can
cause some
difficulty for
the reader

· Frequent: 50-60%

DESCRIBE HOW SOMETHING WORKS – ODD QUESTIONS

Dạng mô tả cách hoạt động của một thứ gì đó. Là dạng khó vì không có cấu trúc
để dùng chung mà phải tùy vào từng đề bài.
• Intro – paraphrase
• Overview – key parts / purpose
• Body 1: equipment (construction)

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• Body 2: operation

SAMPLE: The diagram below shows an automatic photo booth.

The picture illustrates how to use a coin – operated photo booth.

Overall, following some simple procedures, customers can take a photo of
themselves, but the photo booth does not allow them to obtain their photos
instantly because they have to wait for one minute for it to come out.

Regarding the equipment of the booth, it is about the size of a normal phone
booth, and there is a slot on the left side for coins to be inserted. Under this part
are two buttons: one to choose a large photo and the other to choose 4 passport
– sized ones. In addition, users can opt for a black and white photograph or a
colored one, but it is recommended that pictures taken to apply for a passport be
colored. There is an adjustable stool inside the booth and a screen for them to
adjust their eye level. A mirror, which is above the screen, allows people to
check their appearance and a light bulb is positioned in front of this mirror.

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Turning next to what customers need to do inside the photo booth, the curtain at
the doorway must be closed. After pulling a string above their head, they have 3
seconds to position they eye level and a flash light appears only once to provide
enough light for their photo. Finally, their photo, or photos, can be collected
after one minute on the tray outside of the photo booth.

SAMPLE: The picture below shows how a hot balloon works.

• Parachute valve: (n) van dù

• Gore (n) mảnh vải chéo
• Panel (n) tấm, miếng
• Skirt (n) nghĩa thông dụng là ‘cái váy’, nhưng ở đây nó có nghĩa là ‘vòng
bao’
• Burner (n) lò đốt
• Rope (n) dây thừng
• Basket (n) giỏ
• Propane cylinder (n) bình khí propan
• Envelope (n) nghĩa thông dụng là ‘bì thư’, nhưng ở đây có nghĩa ‘túi khí’,
hay ‘vỏ bọc’
• Mechanics (n) cơ khí học
• To ascend >< to descend: đi lên / đi xuống
• Descent (n) sự hạ xuống

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• Thermal regulation of air (n) sự điều hòa nhiệt của không khí
• Inverted teardrop shape (n) hình giọt nước ngược
• To taper: thuôn về, thon dần về
• Buoyant (adj) nổi
The diagram details the various components of a hot air balloon and describes
its mechanics.

Overall, the three key parts of a hot air balloon are the envelope, the basket and
the burner. In addition, the hot air balloon’s mechanism for ascending and
descending revolves around thermal regulation of air.

The main part of a hot balloon is a large envelope which has an inverted
teardrop shape. At the top is the ‘parachute valve’ which is a self-sealing flap
used to regulate the pace at which hot air escapes. The large vertical sections
below the valve are called ‘gores’, which are made up of smaller panels. The
envelope tapers into a small base called ‘skirt’. The skirt is attached to the
basket using ropes, and the burner hangs above the basket. Inside the basket are
propane tanks which are used to power the burner.

Regarding the function of the hot air balloon, the burner combines regular air
with propane to heat the air trapped inside the envelope, which then becomes
lighter and thus makes the balloon buoyant. To begin a descent, the air is cooled
and effectively becomes heavier, pulling the hot air balloon downward.
(Written by Ms. Bich Phuong – 8.5 IELTS – The IELTS workshop)

SAMPLE: The diagram below shows the development of the cutting tool in
the Stone Age

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• depict (v): khắc họa, mô tả

• refine (v): ⇒ refinement: được điều chỉnh cho tốt hơn
• fragmented (adj): bị phân mảnh, thành mảnh nhỏ
• sophisticated (adj): tinh xảo, tinh vi
• jagged/rugged (adj): gồ ghề
• asymmetric (adj): bất đối xứng, không đối xứng
• blunt (adj): cùn, lụt
• resemble (v): trông giống như
• primitive/ rudimental (adj): sơ khai
• teardrop-shaped (adj): hình giọt nước

The picture shows how cutting tools in the Stone Age had developed, with tool
A dating 1.4 million years ago, and tool B 0.8 million years ago.

Overall, tool A was much more rudimental, with its edges being less defined,
and therefore less sharp, and tool B's surface was less rugged and it was larger

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and longer than its earlier counterpart. Both improvements allowed humans to
hold it more easily and enhanced its cutting functionality.

Tool A was about 9 cm long, which was approximately 2 cm shorter than tool B.
The front and back views of both tools reveal that the latter's surface was much
smoother, and its pointy shape resembled a water drop, making it easier to hold
at the bigger end and more efficient in piercing food.

The side view clearly indicates that the thickness of both tools was the same.
However, the well-defined line running from the top to bottom of the picture
means tool B had become much sharper.

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