RATIO AND
PROPORTION
Presented by Ms. Roei Patrice Jewel A. Garcia
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define and illustrate ratio and proportion.
2. Solve for the unknown in a proportion.
3. Value accumulated knowledge as means of
new understanding.
PRE- TEST
RATIO
Ratio is a way to compare two or more quantities. It says how much
of one thing there is compared to another thing. Quantities involved
in a ratio are of the same kind so that ratio does not make use of
units. However, when quantities are of different kinds, the
comparison of the quantities that consider the units is called rate.
A ratio can be written in different ways - as a fraction, using the
word “to”, or using a colon “:”. The ratio of a to b can be written as
follows:
a/b a to b a:b
RATIO
Another example, “Out of 35 survivors of the COVID-19 in a certain
barangay in Pasig City, 20 of them are males.”. The ratio of the
number of males to the total number of survivors in that barangay
can be written as follows:
20/35 20 to 35 20 : 35
PROPORTION
A proportion is the equality of two ratios. It is an equation in which
there are ratios on both sides and can be written in two ways – as
two equal fractions or use of colons.
two equal fractions use of colons
a c
= a:b = c:d
b d
The proportions above can be read as “a is to b as c is to d” or “a is
to b is equal to c is to d”.
PROPORTION
In the proportion a : b = c : d, the outer terms a and d are called
extremes while the inner terms b and c are called means.
The properties that follow show several ways of rewriting
proportions that do not alter the meaning of their values.
FUNDAMENTAL RULE OF
PROPORTION
If a : b = c : d, then a/b = c/d provided that b ≠ 0 and d ≠ 0.
PROPORTION
We can use either of the notations a/b = c/d or a : b = c : d in
finding for an unknown in a proportion and the cross-product
property on proportions, along with the other properties of
equality, is very helpful in solving. Examine the following
illustrative examples with two different ways of solving for the
unknown.
PROPORTION
Illustrative examples:
1) Solve for x in x/5 = 12/15
PROPORTION
2) Solve for x in x-3/7 = 27/21
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
Direction: Study the given situation and write the required ratio:
Miss Lorna Babol conducted a survey on the availability of students’ gadgets and internet
connections to her Mathematics Class in preparation for their Mathematics activity at home.
She found out 18 of them have gadgets with internet connection, 12 have gadgets but with no
internet connection and 10 of them do not have gadget nor an internet connection.
Find the ratio of the following.
1. ratio of students with gadgets with internet connection to the total number of
students
2. ratio of students with no gadgets and with no internet connection to the total
number of students
3. ratio of students with gadgets to the total number of students
4. ratio of students with gadgets to the students with no gadgets
5. ratio of students with internet connection to students with no internet
connection
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Solve for the unknown in the following proportions. Show your
complete
solution.
1. 4:m=2:14 2. 15:16=45:k
3.16:x=x:4 4. s+ 1 13
22
= 26
5. y - 3 y-1
3 = 2
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
Directions: Solve for x in the following proportions. Show your complete solution.
1. 4 x 4. x + 6 x+4
= =
x 9 x-3 x
2. 18 9 5. x + 4 x+3
= =
x+4 x-3 x+2 x
3. x + 2 7
=
6 x+3
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 4: EVALUATION
Direction: In a 1/2 sheet of paper, answer the following; Look for the ratio and identify if the
given ratio is proportional or not.
1. The manager observes that, on average, it takes 3 staff members to check in 60 guests
during peak hours. However, during off-peak hours, the manager wants to reduce the number
of staff members to maintain cost-effectiveness and put 1.5 staff member.
2. A hotel is planning to redecorate its rooms to create a more modern and stylish
atmosphere. The interior designer suggests using a certain ratio of colors to achieve the
desired look. The recommended ratio is 2 parts of a neutral color to 5 parts of a vibrant color. If
the hotel wants to paint a total of 420 square feet of wall space, how much of each color
should they use?
3. If company A reserved 4 rooms for 16 employees because the room can only
accommodate four person per room. and Company Y has twice number of employees than
company X. How many rooms did Company Y, reserve for his employee?
ASSIGNMENT
Direction: In a 1/2 sheet of paper, answer the following; Look for the ratio and identify if the
given ratio is proportional or not.
Problem: Company X reserved 6 rooms for 12 employees. Company Y has twice the number of
employees comparedto Company X. Each room can accommodate a maximum of 4
employees. If both companies want to ensure that allemployees have a room, how many
rooms does Company Y need to reserve?
1. Express the ratio of employees to rooms for Company X.
2. If the same ratio of employees to rooms is maintained for Company Y, how many rooms
should Company Y reserve for its 24 employees?
3. If Company X decides to reserve an additional 2 rooms for future expansion while
maintaining the same ratio, how many rooms will they have in total?
4. If Company Y decides to reserve only half as many rooms as required by the ratio, how
many employees will have to share a room?
