General Studies-I | 15 Jun 2022

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society)

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times.
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-
significant events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from
different parts of the country.
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution,
world wars, Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political
philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and
Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of Globalization on Indian society.
Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.
Salient features of World’s Physical Geography.
Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the
Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and
tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity,
cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical
features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such
changes.

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 Art & Culture
Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times
Indian Art Forms Bhakti & Sufi Movements
Spread of Bhakti and Sufi Movements
Indian Paintings Women Poets of Bhakti
Mural Paintings
Miniature Paintings Literature
Mughal, Rajput, Pahari
Paintings Classical Sanskrit Literature
Dances in India Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas
Classical Dance Forms Books written by Kalidasa,
Folk Dance Forms Vishakhadatta etc
Modern Dance Ancient Buddhist Literature
Music Ancient Jainism Literature
Classical Music Early Dravidian Literature (eg Sangam
Folk Music Period)
Puppetry Medieval Literature
String Puppets Trends in Medieval Literature
Shadow Puppets Modern Indian Literature
Rod Puppets
Glove puppets Architecture
Modern Puppetry
Tribal Puppetry Harappan Architecture
Pottery Mauryan Architecture
Ochre Coloured Pottery(OCP) Post-Mauryan Period Gupta Period
Black and Red Ware (BRW) Temple Architecture
Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Nagara Style
Northern Black Polished Ware Dravida Style
(NBPW) Vesara Style
Glazed and Unglazed Pottery Cave Architecture
Drama/Theatre Buddhist Cave
Classical Sanskrit Theatre Jaina Caves
Regional Theatre Gupta Period Caves
Modern Theatre Medieval and Indo-Islamic Architecture
Martial Arts Imperial Style Delhi Sultanate
Thang Ta Provincial Style
Gatka Mughal Style
Kalaripayattu Sikh Style of Architecture
Mallakhamb Rajput Architecture
Silambam Salient features
Other Important Martial Arts Colonial Architecture & Modern Architecture

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 Visual Art European Influence
Sculptures of Harappan Indo-Saracenic Architecture
Civilization Post-Independence Period
Sculptures of the Mauryan Age Contribution of Buddhism & Jainism to the
Post-Mauryan Period Development of Indian Architecture
Jain Sculptures Rock Cut Architecture
Buddhist Sculpture South Indian
Gupta Sculpture Western Indian
Medieval School of Sculpture Eastern Indian
Modern Indian Sculpture

Ancient History
Pre-Historic Post-Mauryan India

Stone Age Arrival of Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Parthians &

Chalcolithic Age Kushana
Iron Age Satavahanas and Other Indigenous
Dynasties
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) Schools of Art: Gandhara; Mathura;
Amravati
Town Planning Imperial Guptas
Harappan Society Political history of Guptas
Characteristics of Major Centers Gupta Administration
Harappan Art & Architecture Development of Art & Culture
Decline of Harappan Culture Age of Golden age
Economic Conditions
Vedic Society Urban centres in Gupta period
Harshavardana
Original Home of Aryans Sources for Harsha’s Period
Socio- Economic Characters of Vedic Early life of Harsha
Society Harsha’s Administration
Vedic Literature Important Officials of the empire
Social Organization and Varna Economy under Harsha
System Huen Tsang
Religion and Thought Society
Religion
Pre-Mauryan Period The Southern Dynasties
Satavahanas (230 BC TO AD 225)
Mahajanpadas Pallavas (AD 330–796)
Haryanka dynasty Chalukyas (AD 535–1190)
Shishunaga dynasty Pandyas of Madurai (AD 590–1323)

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 Nanda dynasty Chola Dynasty (AD 850–1310)
Rashtrakutas (AD 753–973)
Jainism and Buddhism

Gautam Buddha
Mahavira
Growth of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Empire

Chandragupta and Bindusara

Arthasastra (Book by Kautilya)
Megasthenes
Asoka and His Successors
Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites
Asoka’ a Dhamma
Mauryan. Administration, Economy,
Society and Art
Decline of Maurya

Medieval History
Delhi Sultanate Sur Dynasties

Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty Maratha Empire

Khilji Dynasty
Tughluq dynasty Deccan Sultanate
Sayyid Dynasty
Lodi dynasty Ahmednagar Sultanate
Bijapur Sultanate
Struggle for Empire in North India Berar Sultanate
(Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals) Golconda Sultanate
Bidar Sultanate
Mughals

Babur
Humayun
Akbar
Jahangir
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb
Later Mughals

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 Decline of Mughal Empire

Modern History
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-
significant events, personalities, issues

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from
different parts of the country
Important Modern History Events Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-
Before 1857 1939)

Later Mughals Mahatma Gandhi – His Ideas &

Regional powers in 18th Century Leadership
Carnatic Wars Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Battle of Plassey & Buxar Rowlatt Act, Satyagrah and Jallianwala
Anglo-Mysore War Bagh Massacre
Anglo Punjab War Non-cooperation & Khilafat Movement
Socio-economic Condition of People Swarajists & No-Changers
European Penetration of India Emergence of New Forces – Socialistic
British Conquest of India Ideas, Youth & Trade Unionism
British Policies & Their Impact – Revolutionary Activity
Economic, Administrative & Socio- Simon Commission & Nehru Report
cultural Civil Disobedience Movement
Socio-cultural Reform Movements Round Table Conferences
Uprisings Against British Pre-1857 Communal Award & Poona Pact
Participation in Elections to Central
Revolt of 1857 Legislature (1934) & Provincial
Assemblies (1937)
Causes, Leaders, and Nature of revolt of Government of India Act, 1935
1857
Suppression of revolt of 1857 Towards Freedom & Partition (1939-
Consequences of Revolt of 1857 1947)
Act of Good Governance 1858
National Movement During World War II
Growth of Nationalism in India August Offer
(1858-1905) Individual Satyagraha
Growth of Communalism
Political, Economic & Administrative Peasant Movements
Unification of the Country State People’s Struggle
Role of Western Education Cripps Mission
Role of Press Quit India Movement

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 Rediscovery of India’s Past Wavell Plan
Early Political Movements INA & Subhash Chandra Bose
Formation of INC Cabinet Mission
Era of Moderates Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II
Independence with Partition
Growth of Militant Nationalism &
Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918)

Swadeshi & Boycott Movement

Surat Split
International Influence
Morley – Minto Reforms
Growth of Communalism

Post-Independence India
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country
Nation Building Polity

Partition and Its Aftermath Era of One-Party Dominance

Integration of Princely States Emergence of Opposition Parties
Linguistic Regionalism in India Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order
Reorganisation of States Rise of Regional Parties
Issue of Official Language Coalition Era
Tribal Consolidation
Regional Aspirations Social

Foreign Policy Popular Movements

Communalism
Non-Aligned Movement Indian Women Since Independence
Panchsheel Issue of Women and Evolution of
Wars with Pakistan & China Women Movement
Nuclear Policy Naxalism

Economy Post-Independence Policy of Science

And Technology
Planned Development
Green Revolution, Operation Flood & India’s Policy in the Field of the Science
Cooperatives and Technology
Agrarian & Land Reforms Impact of Economic Reform on the
Industrial Reforms Science and Technology in India
LPG Reforms

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 World History
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution,
world wars, Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political
philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
society
Beginning of the Modern World World Between the Two Wars

Renaissance Europe After the War – Fascism &

Discovery of Sea Routes Nazism
Reformation The Great Depression
Counter Reformation Emergence of Soviet Union
Industrial Revolution Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa
European Nations Settle North America US as a Strong Power
Rise of Slave Trade
American War of Independence World War II
Foundation of American Colonies
The Independence of United States Fascist Aggression & Response of
of America Western Democracies
The American Revolutionary War Outbreak of the War
What was the impact of American Theatres of the War
Revolution? US Entry into the War
US Civil War Global Nature of the War
Impact of Civil War on USA The Holocaust
Global Impact of US Civil War Resistance Movements
Impact on India After-effects of the War
French Revolution
Causes Decolonialisation & Redrawal of
The revolution in France National Boundaries
France under Napoleon
Impact of revolution Europe after World War II
Significance of revolution Cold War
Nationalism in Europe Rise of Asia & Africa
Rise of the nation- state system Developments in West Asia & North
Unification of Italy Africa
Unification of Germany Spread of Communism
Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism & Korean War
Imperialism Vietnam War
Colonialism Cuban Crisis
The age of Imperialism (1870- Collapse of Soviet Union
1914)

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 Imperialism in Asia Concept, Types & Social Impact of
Analysis of Colonialism Political Philosophies
World War I Communism
Capitalism
Causes of the War Socialism
Scope & Course of the War
Russian Revolution
Major events in pre-revolution
Russia
Causes
Course of revolution
Consequences
Aftermath of the war
Post-Lenin Russia
End of the War & Peace Treaties
Consequences of the War
League of Nations

Indian Society
Salient features of Indian Society, Effects of Globalization on Indian
Diversity of India society

Features of Indian society Understanding Globalisation – Its

Diversity (Types – caste, linguistic, Different Dimensions
social and religious, race, tribe and Globalisation & Culture - Homogenisation
ethnicity, culture) vs. Glocalisation
Challenges posed by Diversity Factors Driving Globalisation
Unity Globalisation & India
Pluralism Impact of Globalisation on India - Socio-
Unity in Diversity cultural, economic, on women, agrarian
Inequality and Exclusion sector etc.
Family System Does Globalisation cause Poverty?
Examples of above.
Social Empowerment
Role of Women and Women’s
Organization Which are the Socially Disadvantaged
Groups?
Women’s organizations in Indian history Meaning and concept of social
Types of women’s organizations empowerment
Level of penetration Dimensions of Social Empowerment

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 19th Century Social Reform Movements Why do we need social empowerment?
and Early Women's Organisations – Government Initiatives to Aide Social
Agrarian Struggles and Revolt Empowerment
Participation in Freedom Struggle Empowerment in reality and India’s
Women’s organization (With Examples) experience
Problems faced by women’s
organizations Communalism
Is a larger vocal role possible and ways
to achieve the same Communalism – Its Characteristics
Role of SHGs, Micro finance Institution Communalism in India in the Past
Communalism in Contemporqary India
Population and Associated Issues Causes of Communalism
Consequences of Communalism
Basic Demography of India Measures to Control & Eradicate
Population Trends in India and their Communalism
Implications Secularism as an Antidote to
Causes and Effects of Over Population Communalism
Challenges of Population Explosion
Changing Age Structure of Indian Regionalism
Population
Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane Concept of Region & Regionalism
for India Different Forms of Regionalism
Population Aging in India Regionalism in India
India's Population Policy & Initiatives Causes of Regionalism
Concept of 'Sons of Soil'
Poverty and Developmental Issues Consequences of Regionalism
Federalism & Regionalism
Concept of Development and Poverty Role of Regional Parties
Types of Poverty Measures to Contain Regionalism
Measurement of Poverty – Poverty Line Regionalism in the International Sphere
Causes of Poverty
Poverty as a Social Problem Secularism
Socio-economic Spread of Poverty
Consequences of Poverty – Concept of Secularism
Inequality Indian Model of Secularism
Continuation of Vicious Cycle Secularism in India
Who is worst affected by poverty? Nature & Practice of Secularism in India
Problem of Rising Urban Poverty Uniform Civil Code
Poverty Alleviation Initiatives Challenges faced by Secularism in India
Policy shifts from “Trickle Down” Measures to Make India Truly Secular
Economics to Inclusive or Pro-poor
Development to Reduce Poverty
Relation between Poverty Reduction and

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 Development: Poverty-Inequality-
Development Nexus

Urbanization, their problems and

their remedies

Urbanisation Trends in India and Their

Implications - Demographic and Social
Dimensions
Factors Driving Urbanisation
State of Service Delivery and Challeges
posed by Urbanisation
Problems of Urban Areas
Social Consequences of Urbanisation
Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas
Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs)
Reforms Required and Government
Initiatives Taken So Far
Problems of Slums

World and Indian Geography

Salient features of World’s Physical Important Geophysical Phenomena
Geography such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic
activity, cyclone etc., geographical
Geomorphology features and their location-changes in
Origin & Evolution of Earth
critical geographical features (including
Interior of the Earth
Distribution of Continents & Water-bodies and Ice-caps) and in flora
Oceans and fauna and the effects of such
Plate Tectonic Theory changes
Distribution of Earthquakes &
Volcanoes Earthquakes
Rocks & Rock Cycle Why Does Earth Shake?
Geomorphic Processes – Earthquake Waves
Endogenic & Exogenic Shadow Zone
Landforms & their Evolution Types of Earthquake
Geological Time Scale Measuring Earthquake
Oceanography Effects of Earthquake
Hydrological Cycle Tsunami
Seafloor Spreading What Causes Tsunami

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 Ocean Floor Configuration Effect of Tsunami
Temperature & Salinity of Oceans Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami
Movement of Oceans – Waves, Volcanoes
Tides, Currents Types of Volcanoes
Climatology What Causes Volcanoes?
Earth’s Atmosphere – Volcanic Landforms
Composition & Structure Intrusive volcanic Landforms
Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
Temperature Distribution of Volcanoes
Atmospheric Circulation & Cyclone
Weather Systems Tropical Cyclones
World Climate (examples) Anti-Cyclone
Soil Geography Extra Tropical Cyclones
Soil & Soil Contents Factors Causing Changes in Critical
Process of Soil Formation Geographical Features
Soil Forming Factors Examples of Changing Geographical
Types of Soils (examples) Features - Melting of Ice Sheets,
Soil Erosion & Conservation Desertification etc.
Impact of Changing Geographical Features
Distribution of Key Natural Physical Geography of India
Resources across the world Physiography of India
(including South Asia and the Indian Drainage System
Climate
sub-continent)
Soils in India
Natural Vegetation
Types of Resources
Human Geography
On the Basis of Origin,
Demography
Ownership, Exhaustability etc.
Urbanization
Land Resources
Census
Land Utilisation
Economic Geography
Land Use Pattern
Agriculture
Land Degradation &
Mineral resource
Conservation
Energy resources
Forest Resources
Industry
Types & Distribution –
Transport and Communication
Grasslands, Forests etc.
Causes of Depletion
Conservation of Forests
Water Resources
Marine & Freshwater
Water Scarcity & Need For
Conservation
Integrated Water Resources
Management

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 Agricultural Resources
Types of Farming
Cropping Patterns
Contribution to Economy,
Employment & Output
Food Security
Mineral & Energy Resources
Classification of Minerals –
Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
Occurrence of Minerals
Conservation of Minerals
Classification of Energy
Resources – Conventional &
Non-Conventional
Occurrence of Energy Resources
Conservation of Energy
Resources

Factors responsible for the location

of primary, secondary, and tertiary
sector industries in various parts of
the world (including India)

Classification of Industries
Location & Distribution of the
Industries on the Basis of
Raw Material
Labour
Market
Capital
Land
Grants & Financial Incentives
Power
Transport
Water
Communication
Distribution of Major Industries – Iron
& Steel, IT, Cotton Textile
Agglomeration & Footloose Industries

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