Subject name

Analysis and design of systems

Degree Name
Lic. Eng. Systems

Student's name

Tuition

Name of the homework

Unit 3
Structured analysis

Teacher's name

Date
 Unit 3
Structured analysis

First stage

Briefly describe in your own words what structured analysis consists of and the
usefulness of the tools on which it is based (data dictionary, flow charts, descriptions
of procedures and processes, etc.).

Introduction

What is Structured Analysis?

It is a technique for modeling the flow, content and transformation of information that flows
through a system. Graphic symbols were presented that allowed the analyst to model
information flows.

Definition Structured Analysis:

It focuses on specifying what the system is required to do.

It is a method for systems analysis, which leads to the development of specifications for new
systems or to make modifications to existing ones.

Graphic symbols:

It is an image or an element perceptible to the eye that has a meaning according to its
features, the context in which it is used and the individual who observes it.

Data Dictionary:

A data dictionary is a catalog, a repository, of the elements in a system. As the name

suggests, these elements center around data and the way it is structured to meet user
requirements and organizational needs. A data dictionary contains the list of all the elements
that are part of the data flow throughout the system. The most important elements are data
flows, data stores and processes. The dictionary stores the details and descriptions of all
these elements.

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Processes:

A process is a sequence of steps arranged with some type of logic that focuses on achieving
some specific result.

Procedures:

The administrative procedure is a formal cause of the series of acts in which the
administrative action is specified to achieve a specific purpose; in which the objectives and
goals to be achieved are set.

Rules:

A rule orders that a specific and defined action be performed or not performed with respect to
a situation. A rule may or may not be part of a procedure. They limit specific tasks that
employees have no choice but to obey and follow.

Data flow:

A data flow diagram or DFD is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an
information system. A data flow diagram can also be used for visualization of data processing.

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2. Select a classmate's contribution and argue why you agree or disagree with it.

by Victor Montaño Pagola - Tuesday, March 24, 2020, 2:01 p.m.

As such, the data dictionary does not detail errors, otherwise it tells us the scope of each data, that is, if I
have an employee data that is going to be of type string, I should know that it can only be that data since
if I do not do a validation in the front or in the back, it will pass me an entire piece of data, and it will
create an error when I call the employee again.

From the beginning, the variables are established and the flexibility of the data and information
is considered, because as such, it is about designing an application where the end user can
interact with it: assigning, creating, reading and modifying new variables. .

Likewise, the evolution of information is contemplated because, like interests in Mexico, the
data is not constant but variable. It can be expected that at some point the information system
will become obsolete and the work will become uncompetitive in the market.

Conclusions

The systems analyst extracts the processes, sources, stores and data flows from the narratives,
which were told by the users or which the data revealed.
This information must be represented in such a way that it can be adequately translated into a
suitable design or data model.

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Structured analysis

Second stage
1. Make a proposal for the point of sale of the pizzeria in stage 1 and briefly describe the
different stages of the life cycle.

1. Identification of problems, opportunities and objectives.

2. Determination of human information requirements.

3. Analysis of system needs.

4. Recommended system design.

5. Software development and documentation.

6. System testing and maintenance.

7. Implementation and evaluation of the system.

Identification of problems, opportunities and objectives.

In this first phase of the systems development life cycle, the analyst is responsible for correctly
identifying problems, opportunities and objectives. This stage is essential for the success of the
rest of the project.

The objective of the information system would be the management of inventory, raw materials
and consumables.

As opportunities, it would be advisable to take advantage of high season dates, such as

weekends and holidays.

Problems would be the proposal of solutions and alternatives for the evolution of the company
and possible unexpected results, such as failures in the merchandise, such as the quality of raw
materials, or external problems with suppliers.

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Determination of human information requirements.

The analyst, through the use of various interactive tools such as interviews, sampling and hard
data research, in addition to questionnaires and discrete methods, such as observing the
behavior of those in charge when making decisions and their office environments, can determine
the main needs. of users who are generally managers and operations workers.

At this point the analyst examines how to make the system useful to the people involved.

How can the system offer better support for the individual tasks that need to be carried out?

What new tasks does the new system enable that users couldn't perform without it?

How can the system be created in a way that extends a user's capabilities beyond what is
provided by the previous system?

How can the analyst create a rewarding system for workers?

How could it be:

 Planning and management of the purchasing department based on a given budget.

 Management of all documentation related to the purchase of materials.
 Be aware of market news: quotes, sector news, etc.
 Request quotes from different suppliers to compare options.
 Monitor the quality of the products purchased, as well as whether they have arrived in
perfect condition. If this is not the case, another task arises, which would be to complain
to the supplier.

Important!: It is worth mentioning that the quantitative and qualitative data and information can
be expressed graphically for analysis and comprehension in a more “understandable” way.

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Analysis of system needs.

Tools such as data flow diagrams (DFDs) to graph the input, processes, and output of business
functions, or activity or sequence diagrams to show the sequence of events, serve to illustrate
the systems in a structured and graphic way. From data flow diagrams, sequence diagrams or
other types of diagrams, a data dictionary must be developed to list all the data elements used in
the system, as well as their specifications.

Software development and documentation.

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The analyst works with programmers to develop the original software required.
Develop effective documentation for the software with users, including how-to manuals, online
help, frequently asked questions (FAQ) websites, and Read Me files.

This documentation tells users how they should use the software and what they should do if
problems occur, providing a comprehensive view of the processes that make up the purchasing
department's work.

System testing and maintenance.

Before using the information system, it must be tested. It is much less costly to detect problems
before delivering the system for both users and the team of analysts and developers.

Evaluating the quality of software ranges from testing its functionality, planning, test design,
execution, monitoring, reporting of “bugs”, obtaining metrics and monitoring corrections, certain
modalities or adaptations may occur within the typical testing process, since that certain
elements must be categorized differently, otherwise the times to test and correct may turn out to
be more limited.

Some of the most common mistakes analysts face include:

 Installation errors.
 Programming errors can even cause the information system to freeze. Which can
generate reset and loss of information.

Implementation and evaluation of the system.

In this last phase of systems development, the analyst helps implement the information system.
In this phase, users must be trained to operate the system. Distributors handle some of the
training, but oversight of the training is the responsibility of the systems analyst.

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Conclusions

Competition between all businesses is increasingly intense due to the continuous opening of
new service companies, so we must always seek to improve the service and make it more
efficient. An information system is a great tool to make your business more efficient and be able
to offer increasingly better services to your clients.

Biographies

Analysis and design of systems (Kenneth E. Kendall, 2011).

http://aula08.utel.edu.mx/mod/page/view.php?id=56088

Purchasing department functions | Objectives of the purchasing department

Start SME
https://www.emprendepyme.net/funciones-del-departamento-de-compras.html

Monografias.com - Theses, Documents, Publications and Educational Resources.

Monografias.com
https://www.monografias.com/