Math Makes Sense Practice and Homework Book Reproducible Version Author Team Ray Appel Amy Lin Peggy Morrow Andrew Reeves David SufrinUNIT Patterns in Whole Numbers Just for Fun Word Find Can you find the following words in the puzzle below? BASE FORM CUBE MULTIPLE EXPONENT You can move in any direction to find the entire word. A letter may be used for more than one word. The first word is found for you. M M N T U Cc Compose It! Pattern Search Choose a grid of any 4 squares in the calendar. What patterns do you see in the numbers? May tf2[s]4 (s[el7 8/9/10 1 2/19) 14 15/16/17 18 19 20 21 22/23/24 25/26 27 | 28 29/30/31 Variation: Choose a grid of any or pick a different month and try a A Game for Make as many words as you can from the letters of the word COMPOSITE. The person who makes the greatest number of words in 1 min wins! Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.Skills You'll Need Rounding To round Look at the digit to the right of the place to which you are rounding, Is this digit 5 or greater? If it is, add 1 to the place digit If it is not, leave the place digit as itis, Change all the digits to the right of the place digit to 0. a) Round 46 tothe —_b) Round 246 to the ©) Round 8246 to the nearest ten, nearest hundred, nearest thousand, Solution a) [Tens [ nes ] by [oa ) [Fhousands [Hundreds [Tons | Ones «| 2 8 fi ames + ++» is numbers [This cumberis / his number i less than / Rome Bas hets son ver i tmbars es han aS So, this number does ot change ote rumber doeerotchange. ‘Then replace 6 with 0. of 2 with 0. 46 rounded to the 246 rounded to the 8246 rounded to the nearest ten is 50. nearest hundred is 200. nearest thousand is 8000. @ Check 1. Match each original number to its rounded number. The first one is done for you. Original Number Rounded Number 5 50 7 ~30 23 60 52 20 2. Round to the nearest hundred. a) 399 b) 140 3. Round to the nearest thousand. a) 1001 b) 3221 ___ Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.Multiplying by 10, 100, 1000 ‘To multiply a whole number: * by 10, write 0 after the number. © by 100, write 00 after the number. * by 1000, write 000 after the number. Multiply. a) 35x 10 b) 22 x 100 ©) 12 x 1000 d) 52 x 200 Solution a) 35x 10 b) 22 x 100 = 350 = 2200 ©) 12 x 1000 d) 52 x 200 = 12.000 = 104 x 100 = 10 400 @ Check 4. How many zeros should you write after the number to get the product? a) 23 x 10 b) 758 x 1000 9 62 x 100 5. Multiply. a) 166 x 10 b) 990 x 100 ©) 24 x 1000 d) 419 x 1000 e) 24 x 500 f) 12 x 400 =24x 5x 100 = Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada IncMental Math There are many ways to calculate mentally. * Look for 10s, or the nearest 10. © Add or subtract in a different order. * Separate a number into smaller parts to obtain friendly numbers. ‘Use mental math, a) 36x4 b) 403 + 55-4 ©) 305 + 498 Solution 7 a) Separate 36 into 30 and 6: forport te 30x4+6x4 = 120+ 24 = 14 b) Subtract first: ©) 498 = 500-2 55-4=51 Then: 305 + 500 ~ 2 Then: 403 + 51 = 454 = 803 ¥ mM ° @ Check 6. Use mental math. a) 289 + 171 = 289 + +170 b) SI x2 +170 50x 2= 1x2 7. Use mental math. Explain your strategy. a)52+17-7=___ sb) 8 +31 4102= Qo 47x2= d)65x3=_ se) 158 + 86= f) 34x 25K 4= 4 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc,Divisibility Rules A number is divisible by: ‘© 2 if the number is even 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3 4 if the number represented by the last 2 digits is divisible by 4 5 if the last digit is 0 or 5 6 if the number is divisible by 2 and 3 8 if the number represented by the last 3 digits is divisible by 8 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9 10 if the last digit is 0 Which of these numbers a) 2 b) 5 da Solution a) 344 is divisible by 2 because,344 is an even number. b) The last digit is not 0 or 5, so 344 is not divisible by 5. ©) The sum of the digits is: 3 + 4 + 4 = 11; 11 is not divisible by 3, so 344 is not divisible by 3. 4d) The number represented by the last 2 digits is 44. 44 is divisible by 4, so 344 is divisible by 4 ° @ Check 8. Complete each sentence. a) 220 is divisible by 2, since it is b) 220 is divisible by 4, since the number represented by its last 2 digits is divisible by ___. ©) 220s divisible by 5, since 9, Is 2925 divisible by each number? Explain. a) 6 2925 is not even, s0 itis not divisible by 2 or by b) 9 The sum of the digits of 2925 is: _ ©) 10 The last digit of 2925 is not 0, so Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.1.41 Quick Review Numbers you read could be exact numbers or estimates, Numbers All Around Us Words like about, approximately, and or so help you to know when a number is an estimate. Flood Destroys 152 Homes Today, a flood has left 326 people homeless. In the past 3 decades there have heen approximately a dozen floods in the same Each flood has left about 300 people 52 and 326 are exact numbers. , dozen, and 300 are estimates. In the article, The numbers About how many people have been left homeless by floods in the past 3 decades? The about" in the {question means you can estimate the answer. To find the total number of people left homeless by floods in the past 3 decades, multiply the number of floods by the number of people left homeless in each flood. Round “dozen” to 10. There have been about 10 floods. homeless Multiply: 300 x 10 = 3000 The floods have left about 3000 people homeless in the past 3 decades. * When you can handle the numbers easily, use mental math. * When the problem has too many steps, use pencil and paper ‘* When an approximate answer is appropriate and to check reasonableness, estimate. * When you need a more accurate answer and the numbers are large, use a calculator. Practice » 1. Write “estimate” or “exact” for each number. a) Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. b) In the race, 62 people swam to the finish line. ©) The students sold 211 bagels in the Bake Sale last week. d) Approximately 50 000 people ran in the Sun Run in Vancouver this year. 6 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc2. Match the estimate to the exact number. The first one is done for you. Estimate Exact Number about 400—_ 5254.31 over $5000 398 close to 100 gold bricks 9833 approximately 10 000 boxes a1 3. Use mental math to find each answer. a) 99+ 21= b) 1444 x 20= 9) 4882 +2= d) 199-8! 4. Use pencil and paper to find each answer. a) 76 x 32= b) 244 + 843 = Q) 467 x 233 = d) 5699-3511 = S. There are 1776 steps to the top of the CN Tower in Toronto. Each year, approximately 8000 people climb those steps to raise money for charity. They usually raise over $500 000. a) List 2 estimates, b) List 1 exact number. ©) About how much does each person raise by climbing the CN Tower? Each person raises about each year. d) Suppose Michael climbs 8 steps in approximately 4s. About how many minutes would Michael take to climb to the top of the CN Tower? Michael would take about min to climb to the top of the CN Tower. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.1.2 Factors and Multiples Quick Review > A factor is a number that divides exactly into another number. A prime number has only 2 factors, itself and | 11 is a prime number. Its only factors are 11 and 1 A composite number has more than 2 factors. 12 is a composite number. Its factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. > You can use a Venn diagram to find the greatest common factor (GCE) of 15 and 20. Use the divisibility rules to sort the factors of 15 and 20. Place all the common factors of 15 and 20 in the overlapping region. The greatest number in the overlapping region is 5, so the GCF of 15 and 20 is 5 > One way to find the lowest common multiple 15757473 ]e]y/eleluo (LCM) of 6 and 9 is by using a 100 chart. aataalna [age Te Fal The multiples of 6 are shaded. ae aa ‘The multiples of 9 are underlined. itso asa faslon The common multiples are underlined ai laalas|aalaslae | and shaded. je 53 [54] 55156 5960 You can see that the LCM of 6 and 9 is 18, ailasfas| efles feglerlanlaolsa 71 72) 73) 74|75|76| 77 7879 | 80 (SL 82. 83, 84/85/86 87 88/89 90 91 92, 93/94 95 96 97/98 99 100) Practice 4. Complete the list of factors of each number. a) 14 b) 16 7 io 1 eae nae 92 1, 2,3,6, 8 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc2. a) Skip count to find the missing multiples. Then circle the common multiples. 3: 3, 6 9 12, 6 6, 12, 18, __—— b) The LCM of 3 and 6 is 3. a) Complete the Venn diagram. b) The GCF of 10 and 20 is Factors of 10 Factors of 20, 4, a) Complete the Venn diagram. b) The GCF of 10 and 18 is Factorsof 10 Factors of 18 < Lo 5. Shade the multiples of 6. Underline the multiples of 10. fa]2[3[4]s[6[7/s[9]o 12/13) 14/15/1617 s/o (20) 21 | 22/23] 24/25 26] 27| 2829.30) 31/32/3334 35 2a 383940 46 41420) 4445 46) 51/52, 53/54/55. 56 57 58 59 60 6162) 63 | 64165 66 67/68 69 70, 71\ 72 73|74|75| 76|77| 78 79 80 [a1 82 cy 85 86 87 88 89 2 ip 92/93 | 9495 | 96 |97 98 | 99 100 ‘The LCM of 6 and 10 is_. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.6. a) Factors of 4: 1, 2,4 b) Factors of 9: 1, 3, Factors of 8: 1, 2, 4,8 Factors of 20: 1, 2, 4, 5, The GCF of 4 and 8 is . The GCF of 9 and 20 is ©) Factors of 12: d) Factors of 7: Factors of 30: Factors of 13: The GCF of 12 and 30 is . ‘The GCF of 7 and 13 is . 7. a) Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, .. b) Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, ... Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, ‘The LCM of 4 and 8 is : The LCM of 5 and 6 is__. ©) Multiples of 10: 4) Multiples of 12: Multiples of 12: Multiples of 14: The LCM of 10 and 12 is__. The LCM of 12 and 14 is . 8. Allison and Sameer are on the cross-country team. Allison runs every 3 days starting on September 3. Sameer runs every 5 days starting on September 5. a) On what day do they run together for the first time? Allison runs on days Sameer runs on days The first day they run together is September _. b) When will they run together again? Explain how you know. 10 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.1.3 Aa Quick Review 22>) 3) wo > When a number is multiplied by itself, the product is a square number. Sod You can get 16 by multiplying 4 by itself. 16=4x4 You can write: 4 x 4 = 4 You can say: 4 squared is 16. Squares and Square Roots 16 is a square number. You can model 16 as a square number geometrically. > Finding a square root is the inverse operation 4 units of squaring a number. 4x4=16 Vi6 = V4 4 units So, 4 = 16 The side length of the square is V16, or 4 units. You can say: A square root of 16 is 4. Practice 4. Match all three columns. The first one is done for you. Vo4=8 20 x 20 = 400 8 V400 = 20 8x 8= 64 4 V100 = 10 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. "12. Find the square of each number. The first one is done for you. a) 3 3x3=9 The square of 3is 9. bul uxu The square of 11 is . gs x = The square of is. d) 14 3. True or False? Explain your answers. a) A square grid with area 4 is 2 x 2 square units. True; b) A square grid with area 8 is 4 x 2 square units ) A square grid with area 10 000 is 100 100 square units. 4. How many small squares are there on the checker board? How do you know? Explain in more than one way. 5. Draw a square on each grid to show each square number. a) 36 b) 100 9 81 12 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.6. a) Write the next 4 square numbers: 1,__, __, b) Draw a diagram to find a square root of each number you wrote in part a. 7. Find each square root. Use a calculator if necessary. a) V36= b) V'10 000 = 9 V2025 = a) V324= 8. Workers are going to build a fence around a square playground. The area of the playground is 225 m*. a) Find the length of a side of the playground. Finda square root of225 Then find the perimeter ofthe playground. V225=15 The side length is b) How much fencing is needed to go around the playground? ©) The fencing comes in pieces that are each 5 m long. How many pieces of fencing are needed? Show your work. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 1B1.4 Quick Review When a number is repeated in multiplication, you can write the expression in exponent form. For example, you can write 4x 4x4x4x4as4°, The exponent is 5 It shows how many times 4 is a factor in the multiplication. 4 is the base. 5 is the exponent. 4° is the power. You can say: 4 to the power of 5, or 4 to the 5th 4° is a power of 4. base : — power Practice 4. Match the power to the base. The first one is done for you. Power Base 6 6 0 10 ™2 2. Write in expanded form, a e=___ x xxx x b= = ask gv= - 7 - 2) = f) = 14 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.3. Draw a picture for each power. Label each drawing. a) 2° b) 5? o7 4. Match the expanded form to the exponent form. Expanded Form Exponent Form teaea ee BD 2 5x5x5x5 —4 cia aoe ei ‘multiplication. 10x 10 x 10 x 10x 10 P 1xi 10° 5. Write in exponent form and in standard form. a) 3x3=3 b) Sx 5x5= O 7x7x7x7= d) 2x2x2x2x2= 6. Complete the table. Exponent Form | Perfect Square? | Perfect Cube? | Expanded Form | Standard Form No | 4x4xd 10° 1000 Yes 36 No rx? 7. a) Simplify. PS, b) What do you notice? Explain. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 15Number Patterns 1.5 Quick Review A pattern rule describes a pattern of numbers. You can use a pattern rule to find the next 3 numbers in this pattern. 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, ... Look at the starting number and how the pattern continues. Start at 2, Add 4, Add 4, Add 4. You add 4 each time. The next 3 numbers are: 18 + 4 = 22, 22 + 4 = 26, 26 + 4 = 30 Pract! 1. Write the next 3 terms in each pattern. a) Add 2:6, 8, 10,12, , b) Add 3: 10, 13,16, ____, ) Add 4: 3,7, 11, 15, d) Subtract 10: 180, 170, 160, 150,___, e) Multiply by 2:7, 14,28, 2. True or False? If the pattern rule is false, write a correct rule, a) 1,2,3,4,5,... Start at 1, Add 1 each time. ___ b) 2, 4,6, 8, 10, ... Start at 2. Add 4 each time. __ ©) 5,11, 17, 23, 29, ... Start at 5. Add 6 each time. d) 10,9, 8, 7, ... Start at 10, Add | each time. __ €) 2,4,8, 16, .. Start at 2, Multiply by 2 each time f) 30, 25, 20, 15, ... Start at 15. Add 5 each time. __ 16 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Ine. Add 4, and so on. 244=6 64+4=10 10+4=14 1444-18 D> Find the difference between two consecutive terms.3. Match the number pattern to the pattern rule. Complete the pattern rules. Number Pattern Pattern Rule 3, 6,9, 12,.. Start at . List the square numbers starting at 1. 55, 44, 33, So at ‘Add 3 each time. 1, 4,9, 16,25, Start at___. Subtract 11 each time. 5, 10, 15, 20, .. Start at__. Add 5 each time. 4. a) Sketch the next 3 pictures in the pattern, b) Write a pattern rule. ©) Write the next 3 numbers in the pattern: 1, 3, 6, 10, a) Sketch the next 3 pictures in the pattern. b) Write a pattern rule. 9) Write the next 3 numbers in the pattern: 3, 6, 9, 1 6. Describe each pattern in words. a) 13,23, 33, 43,.. b) 3,6, 12, 24,... ©) 168, 84, 42, 21, ... 4) 100, 1000, 10 000, 100000... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. W718 In Your Words Here are some of the important mathematical words of this unit. Build your own glossary by recording definitions and examples here. The first one is done for you. factor _@ number that divides \, exactly into another number For example. the factors of 50 are 1.2 5.10, 25. and 50. power \ square number \. square root \. lowest common multiple (LCM) ‘greatest common factor (GCF) List other mathematical words you need to know. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc.C ean 14 14 Use mental math to find each answer. a) 48 +5) b) 2000 x 16 = ©) 158 + 201 + 544 = d) 499-22= 2. a) Read the following article, Yesterday, 1893 people took the Polar Bear Plunge ‘They took turns running into water even though it was -10°C outside! Every year, about 2000 people take part in this freezing cold challenge ‘This year, the oldest person was 87. The average age of participants over the last decade or so has been about 25 b) List 3 estimates from the article. cle. ©) List 3 exact numbers from the at 123, a) Complete the Venn diagram. b) The GCF of 12 and 24 is 4. a) Skip count to find the missing numbers. Then circle the common multiples. 4 4, 8 12, 16, b) The LCM of 4 and 6 is__. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 1912° 5, Write the side length of each square. a) ») 0 6. Find each square root. Multiply or draw squares to help you. a) Vi00 = b) Vida = ©) 40 000 = d) V225 14 7% Write the base and exponent of each power. a) 7’: base: exponent: b) 3% base: exponent: 8. Write each power in expanded form and in standard form, a) Fi b) 10°= g3s d)s= 15 9 a) Sketch the next 3 pictures in the pattern. Dp) ets st eer ese meee eee ee eee ©) Write the next 3 numbers in the pattern: 9, 16,25,___,___, 40. Describe each pattern in words. Then write the next 3 terms. a) 10, 20, 30, 40, ... b) 98, 96, 94, 92, ... 9 25, 50, 100, 200, 20 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc,