Worked Solutions

Worked Solutions
(The following content has not been through the Cambridge International endorsement process.)

Chapter 5
Recall
1. In 3 years’ time, he will be (x + 3) years old.
2. 7x + 3y – 2x + y = 5x + 4y
3. (a) 2p ´ 3 = 6p
(b) 4a(b – 2) = 4ab – 8a
(c) (x + 2)(x + 3) = x2 + 5x + 6
4. 2ax + 8ay = 2a(x + 4y)
5. (a) x2 + x – 2 = (x + 2)(x – 1)
(b) 2x2 + 7x + 3 = (2x + 1)(x + 3)
(c) x2 – 9 = x2 – 32
= (x + 3)(x – 3)
(d) 16 – 25y2 = 42 – (5y)2
= (4 + 5y)(4 – 5y)
!" #
6. #$"(&'#) = )(&'#)

Pause and Try 1

(a) 5a – 3 = 17
5a = 17 + 3
5a = 20
a=4
(b) 4 = 10 + 3b
3b = -6
b = -2
(c) 2(c – 5) = -10
c – 5 = -5
c=0
*+ +
(d) = $−7
,
*+ +
− = −7
, $
*+-)+
= −7
,
$+
= −7
,
2d = -42
d = -21
*.-/
(e) h+1= )
3(h + 1) = 5h – 9
3h + 3 = 5h – 9
2h = 12
h=6

Pause and Try 2

Manu = y
Lucy = y + 5
y + y + 5 = 57
2y = 52
y = 26
Lucy is 26 + 5 = 31 years old.

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 1
Pause and Try 3
) *
(a) 0'$ = 1
5(p + 2) = 21
5p + 10 = 21
5p = 11
##
p=
*
/ )
(b) $2
−1=2
/ )
$2
−2 =1
/-,
$2
=1
)
=1
$2
2r = 3
)
r=$
$3-) *
(c) =$
3'!
2(2u – 3) = 5(u + 4)
4u – 6 = 5u + 20
u = –26

Pause and Try 4

(2x – 3)2 = 49
(2x – 3)2 = 72
2x – 3 = 7 or 2x – 3 = –7
2x = 10 2x = –4
x=5 x = –2

Pause and Try 5

(5 – 3x)(x + 1) = 0
5 – 3x = 0 or x+1=0
3x = 5 x = –1
*
x=)

Pause and Try 6

(a) y2 – 3y = 0
y(y – 3) = 0
y = 0 or y – 3 = 0
y=3
(b) k2 + 4k + 3 = 0
(k + 1)(k + 3) = 0
k + 1 = 0 or k + 3 = 0
k = –1 or k = –3
(c) 2n2 – 5n = 3
2n2 – 5n – 3 = 0
(2n + 1)(n – 3) = 0
2n + 1 = 0 or n–3=0
2n = –1 n=3
#
n = −$

2 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

Pause and Try 7

* $ * $
(a) x2 + 5x = %𝑥 + $( − %$(
* $ $*
= %𝑥 + $( −
!
2 ! $ ! $
(b) x – 4x = %𝑥 − $( − %$(
= (x – 2)2 – 4
# $ # $
(c) x2 + x + 1 = %𝑥 + $( − %$( + 1
# $ #
= %𝑥 + $( − ! + 1
# $ )
= %𝑥 + ( +
$ !
$ $ $ $
(d) x2 – 2x + 4 = %𝑥 − ( − % ( + 4
$ $
= (x – 1)2 + 3
*
(e) 2x2 + 4x – 5 = 2 %𝑥 $ + 2𝑥 − $(
*
= 2 *(𝑥 + 1)$ − 1$ − $-
= 2(x + 1)2 – 7

Pause and Try 8

(a) x2 + 4x = 9
! $ ! $
%𝑥 + $( − %$( = 9
(x + 2)2 – 4 = 9
(x + 2)2 = 13
x + 2 = ±√13
x = √13 – 2 or x = −√13 – 2
= 1.61 (to 3 s.f.) = –5.61 (to 3 s.f.)
(b) y2 – 3y + 1 = 0
) $ ) $
%𝑦 − $( − %$( + 1 = 0
) $ *
%𝑦 − $( = !
) *
𝑦 − $ = ±2!
* ) * )
x=2 + or x = −2 +
! $ ! $
= 2.62 (to 3 s.f.) = 0.382 (to 3 s.f.)
(c) z2 – 5z = 3z – 13
z2 – 8z = –13
4 $ 4 $
%𝑧 − $( − %$( = –13
(z – 4)2 – 16 = –13
(z – 4)2 = 3
z – 4 = ±√3
x = √3 + 4 or x = −√3 + 4
= 5.73 (to 3 s.f.) = 2.27 (to 3 s.f.)

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 3
Pause and Try 9
(a)(i) x2 + 4x = 3
2
x + 4x – 3 = 0
a = 1, b = 4, c = –3
-!±6! ! -!(#)(-))
x= $(#)
-!±√$4
= $
x = 0.65 (to 2 d.p.) or x = –4.65 (to 2 d.p.)
(ii) y2 – 3y + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = –3, c = 1
-(-))±6(-))! -!(#)(#)
x= $(#)
)±√*
= $
x = 2.62 (to 2 d.p.) or x = 0.38 (to 2 d.p.)
(b) 4x – 3x2 = 5x – 7
3x2 + x – 7 = 0
a = 3, b = 1, c = –7
-#±6#! -!())(-1)
x=
$())
-#±√4*
= ,
# #
= − , ± , √85

Pause and Try 10

#8
(a) = 2x + 3
9-#
(2x + 3)(x – 1) = 10
2x2 + x – 3 = 10
2x2 + x – 13 = 0
a = 2, b = 1, c = –13
-#±6#! -!($)(-#))
x= $($)
x = 2.31 (to 2 d.p.) or x = –2.81 (to 2 d.p.)
$ )
(b) + = 1
9-$ 9'!
2(x + 4) + 3(x – 2) = (x – 2)(x + 4)
5x + 2 = x2 + 2x – 8
2
x – 3x – 10 = 0
(x – 5)(x + 2) = 0
x=5 or x = –2

Exercise 5.1
1. (a) a + 7 = 16
a = 16 – 7
=9
(b) b – 4 = –9
b = –9 + 4
= –5
(c) 12c = 132
c = 11

4 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

+'$
(d) =5
)
d + 2 = 15
d = 15 – 2
= 13
(e) 2k + 5 = 39
2k = 39 – 5
2k = 34
k = 17
(f) –40 = 13n + 12
13n = –40 – 12
13n = –52
n = –4
(g) 3 – 7m = 45
–7m = 45 – 3
–7m = 42
m = –6
(h) 28 = 3n – 8
3n = 28 + 8
3n = 36
n = 12
2. (a) 3p + 7 = p – 3
3p – p = –3 – 7
2p = –10
p = –5
(b) 2q – 15 = 57 – 4q
2q + 4q = 57 + 15
6q = 72
q = 12
#
(c) u – 3 = $𝑢 + 2
#
u – $𝑢 = 2 + 3
#
𝑢=5
$
u = 10
#
(d) t + ) 𝑡 = 20
!
𝑡 = 20
)
t = 15
,
(e) : = 3
3v = 6
v=2
$#
(f) 7 = ;-#
7(w – 1) = 21
w–1=3
w=4
3. (a) a2 = 16
a = 4 or a = –4
(b) b2 – 49 = 0
(b + 7)(b – 7) = 0
b=7 or b = –7

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 5
 (c) 3c(c + 2) = 0
3c = 0 or c+2=0
c=0 c = –2
(d) (d + 4)(d + 5) = 0
d+4=0 or d+5=0
d = –4 d = –5
(e) (2f – 3)(5 – 4f) = 0
2f – 3 = 0 or 5 – 4f = 0
) *
f=$ f=!
(f) (3h – 2)(4 + h) = 0
3h – 2 = 0 or 4+h=0
$
h=) h = –4
(g) (1 + 2k)(1 – 2k) = 0
1 + 2k = 0 or 1 – 2k = 0
# #
k=–$ k=$
4. (a) h2 + 8h = 0
h(h + 8) = 0
h=0 or h+8=0
h = –8
(b) 2k2 = 5k
2
2k – 5k = 0
k(2k – 5) = 0
k=0 or 2k – 5 = 0
*
k=$
(c) m2 + 7m + 10 = 0
(m + 5)(m + 2) = 0
m+5=0 or m+2=0
m = –5 m = –2
(d) n2 + n – 12 = 0
(n + 4)(n – 3) = 0
n+4=0 or n–3=0
n = –4 n=3
(e) 2p2 – 3p – 2 = 0
(2p + 1)(p – 2) = 0
2p + 1 = 0 or p–2=0
#
p=− p=2
$
(f) 3q2 – 4q + 1 = 0
(3q – 1)(q – 1) = 0
3q – 1 = 0 or q–1=0
#
q=) q=1
(g) 6t2 + 5t – 6 = 0
(3t – 2)(2t + 3) = 0
3t – 2 = 0 or 2t + 3 = 0
$ )
t= t=−
) $
(h) 4u2 – 4u + 1 = 0
(2u – 1)(2u – 1) = 0
2u – 1 = 0
#
u=$

6 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

5. (a) 3(2 – x) = 9x
6 – 3x = 9x
12x = 6
#
x=$
(b) 4(x – 3) = 3(2x – 1)
4x – 12 = 6x – 3
2x = –9
/
x = −$
(c) 2x – 3(3x – 5) = 36
2x – 9x + 15 = 36
– 7x = 21
x = –3
(d) 3(x + 2) – (x – 5) = 19
3x + 6 – x + 5 = 19
2x = 8
x=4
! $
6. (a)(i) %$( = 4
* $ $*
(ii) %$( =
!
4 $
(iii) %$( = 16
/ $ 4#
(iv) %$( = !
(b)(i) (x + 2)2 – 4
* $ $*
(ii) %𝑥 − $( − !
(iii) (x – 4)2 – 16
/ $ 4#
(iv) %𝑥 + ( −
$ !
7. (a) x2 + 2x – 6 = 0
(x + 1)2 – 1 – 6 = 0
(x + 1)2 = 7
x + 1 = ±√7
x + 1 = √7 or x + 1 = −√7
x = 1.65 (to 2 d.p.) x = –3.65 (to 2 d.p.)
(b) x2 – 4x – 3 = 0
(x – 2)2 – 4 – 3 = 0
(x – 2)2 = 7
x – 2 = ±√7
x – 2 = √7 or x – 2 = −√7
x = 4.65 (to 2 d.p.) x = –0.65 (to 2 d.p.)
(c) x2 – 8x + 5 = 0
(x – 4)2 – 16 + 5 = 0
(x – 4)2 = 11
x – 4 = ±√11
x – 4 = √11 or x – 4 = −√11
x = 7.32 (to 2 d.p.) x = 0.68 (to 2 d.p.)

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 7
8. (a) x2 – 11x + 29 = 0
a = 1, b = –11, c = 29
-(-##)±6(-##)! -!(#)($/)
x= $(#)
x = 6.62 (to 2 d.p.) or x = 4.38 (to 2 d.p.)
(b) 4x + x2 – 3 = 0
x2 + 4x – 3 = 0
a = 1, b = 4, c = –3
-!±6! ! -!(#)(-))
x=
$(#)
x = 0.65 (to 2 d.p.) or x = –4.65 (to 2 d.p.)
(c) 5x2 – 8x – 3 = 0
a = 5, b = –8, c = –3
-(-4)±6(-4)! -!(*)(-))
x= $(*)
x = 1.91 (to 2 d.p.) or x = –0.31 (to 2 d.p.)
9. (a) 7x2 – 9x + 1 = 0
a = 7, b = –9, c = 1
-(-/)±6(-/)! -!(1)(#)
x=
$(1)
/±√*)
x=
#!
/ √*)
= #! ± #!
(b) 4x – 5 + 3x2 = 0
3x2 + 4x – 5 = 0
a = 3, b = 4, c = –5
-!±6! ! -!())(-*)
x=
$())
-!±$√#/
x=
,
$ √#/
= −) ± )
(c) 7x + 2x2 + 4 = 0
2x2 + 7x + 4 = 0
a = 2, b = 7, c = 4
-1±61! -!($)(!)
x=
$($)
-1±√#1
x=
!
1 √#1
= −! ± !
)"'#
10. (a) *
=8
3a + 1 = 40
3a = 39
a = 13
$&-# &-$
(b) !
= *
4(b – 2) = 5(2b – 1)
4b – 8 = 10b – 5
6b = –3
#
b = −$
$ !
(c) =−
< *
–4c = 10
*
c = −$

8 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

+'* *
(d) =!
+-$
5(d – 2) = 4(d + 5)
5d – 10 = 4d + 20
d = 30
# )
(e) =
.'# *.'/
3(h + 1) = 5h + 9
3h + 3 = 5h + 9
2h = –6
h = –3
, *
11. (a) =
− ='$ = 1
,(='$)-*=
=(='$)
=1
6y + 12 – 5y = y2 + 2y
y2 + y – 12 = 0
(y + 4)(y – 3) = 0
y = –4 or y=3
* $ #
(b) − :') = ,
:-#
*(:'))-$(:-#) #
(:-#)(:'))
=,
*:'#*-$:'$ #
=,
(:-#)(:'))
6(3v + 17) = v2 + 2v – 3
v2 – 16v – 105 = 0
(v + 5)(v – 21) = 0
v = –5 or v = 21
12. (a) y – 1, y – 2, y – 3
(b) y – 1 + y – 2 + y – 3 + y = 2022
4y – 6 = 2022
2y – 3 = 1011 (shown)
(c) 2y – 3 = 1011
2y = 1014
y = 507
(d) The four integers are 504, 505, 506 and 507.
13. (a) AB = (x + 3) cm
(b) x(x + 3) = 108
x2 + 3x – 108 = 0 (shown)
(c) x2 + 3x – 108 = 0
(x + 12)(x – 9) = 0
x = –12 (NA) or x = 9
(d) Perimeter = 9 + 9 + 12 + 12
= 42 cm

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 9
Pause and Try 11
(a) 4x – y = –11 ® (1)
2x + 3y = 5 ® (2)
From (1): y = 4x + 11 ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
2x + 3(4x + 11) = 5
2x + 12x + 33 = 5
14x = –28
x = –2
Substitute x = –2 into (3):
y = 4(–2) + 11
=3
Hence, x = –2 and y = 3.
(b) 4x + 2y = 27 ® (1)
3x – 4y = 12 ® (2)
$1-$=
From (1): x = ! ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
$1-$=
3% ! ( – 4y = 12
3(27 – 2y) – 16y = 48
81 – 6y – 16y = 48
22y = 33
)
y=$
)
Substitute y = $ into (3):
"
$1-$> ?
x= ! !
=6
)
Hence, x = 6 and y = $.

Pause and Try 12

(a) x – 2y = –10 ® (1)
x + 3y = 5 ® (2)
(1) – (2):
(x – 2y) – (x + 3y) = –10 – 5
–5y = –15
y=3
Substitute y = 3 into (2):
x + 3(3) = 5
x = –4
Hence, x = –4 and y = 3.
(b) 2x – y = 3 ® (1)
5x – 3y = 8 ® (2)
(1) ´ 3: 6x – 3y = 9 ® (3)
(2) – (3):
5x – 3y – 6x + 3y = 8 – 9
–x = –1
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (1):
2(1) – y = 3
y = –1
Hence, x = 1 and y = –1.

10 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

Pause and Try 13

(a) x – y = 2 ® (1)
y = –x2 + 6x – 6 ® (2)
From (1): y = x – 2 ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
–x2 + 6x – 6 = x – 2
x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
(x – 1)(x – 4) = 0
x=1 or x=4
Substitute x = 1 into (3):
y=1–2
y = –1
Substitute x = 4 into (3):
y=4–2
y=2
So, x = 1 and y = –1 or x = 4 and y = 2.
(b) x + 2y = 5 ® (1)
y = 2x2 – 3x ® (2)
From (1): x = 5 – 2y ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
y = 2(5 – 2y)2 – 3(5 – 2y)
y = 2(25 – 20y + 4y2) – 15 + 6y
y = 50 – 40y + 8y2 – 15 + 6y
8y2 – 35y + 35 = 0
a = 8, b = –35, c = 35
-(-)*)±6(-)*)! -!(4)()*)
y=
$(4)
y = 2.82793… or y = 1.54706…
= 2.83 (to 3 s.f.) = 1.55 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute y = 2.82793… into (3):
x = 5 – 2(2.82793…)
= –0.656 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute y = 1.54706… into (3):
x = 5 – 2(1.54706…)
= 1.91 (to 3 s.f.)
So, x = 1.91 and y = 1.55 or x = –0.656 and y = 2.83.

Exercise 5.2
1.
Algebraic expressions Actions to be taken
(a) x – 2y ® (1) To eliminate x, take (1) – (2).
x + 5y ® (2) Resulting expression: –2y – 5y = –7y
(b) 3x – 2y ® (1) To eliminate 3x, take (1) + (2).
-3x + 2y ® (2) Resulting expression: –2y + 2y = 0
(c) x – 5y ® (1) To eliminate 5y, (1) – (2).
3x – 5y ® (2) Resulting expression: x – 3x = –2x
(d) x – 2y ® (1) To eliminate 2y, take (1) + (2).
3x + 2y ® (2) Resulting expression: x + 3x = 4x

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 11
2.
Algebraic expressions Actions to be taken
(a) –2x + y ® (1) To eliminate the terms in x:
–4x + 3y ® (2) Take (1) ´ 2.
Then, take (1) – (2).
(b) 3x + 4y ® (1) To eliminate the terms in x:
4x + 3y ® (2) Take (1) ´ 4, and (2) ´ 3.
Then, take (1) – (2).
(c) 4x – y ® (1) To eliminate the terms in y:
3x – 2y ® (2) Take (1) ´ 2.
Then, take (1) – (2).
(d) 3x – 2y ® (1) To eliminate the terms in y:
–4x + 3y ® (2) Take (1) ´ 3, and (2) ´ 2.
Then, take (1) + (2).
3. (a) x + 2y = 7 ® (1)
x + 5y = 13 ® (2)
(1) – (2):
x + 2y – (x + 5y) = 7 – 13
–3y = –6
y=2
Substitute y = 2 into (1):
x + 2(2) = 7
x=3
So, x = 3 and y = 2.
(b) –3x + y = 4 ® (1)
3x – 2y = 4 ® (2)
(1) + (2):
–3x + y + 3x – 2y = 4 + 4
–y = 8
y = –8
Substitute y = –8 into (1):
–3x – 8 = 4
3x = –12
x = –4
So, x = –4 and y = –8.
4. (a) x – 5y = –12 ® (1)
3x – 5y = 29 ® (2)
(1) – (2):
x – 5y – (3x – 5y) = –12 – 29
–2x = –41
x = 20.5
Substitute x = 20.5 into (1):
20.5 – 5y = –12
y = 6.5
So, x = 20.5 and y = 6.5.

12 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

(b) 2x + 3y = 25 ® (1)
x – 3y = –10 ® (2)
(1) + (2):
2x + 3y + x – 3y = 25 + (–10)
3x = 15
x=5
Substitute x = 5 into (1):
2(5) + 3y = 25
10 + 3y = 25
3y = 15
y=5
So, x = 5 and y = 5.
5. (a) x + y = 8 ® (1)
y = x – 2 ® (2)
Substitute (2) into (1):
x+x–2=8
2x = 10
x=5
Substitute x = 5 into (2):
y=5–2
=3
So, x = 5 and y = 3.
(b) x = y + 6 ® (1)
2x – 3y = 15 ® (2)
Substitute (1) into (2):
2(y + 6) – 3y = 15
2y + 12 – 3y = 15
y = –3
Substitute y = –3 into (1):
x = –3 + 6
=3
So, x = 3 and y = –3.
(c) 3y – 7 = 2x ® (1)
2x + 5y = 1 ® (2)
(1) + (2):
3y – 7 + 2x + 5y = 2x + 1
8y = 8
y=1
Substitute y = 1 into (1):
3(1) – 7 = 2x
2x = –4
x = –2
So, x = –2 and y = 1.

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 13
 (d) 2y = 5x – 1 ® (1)
x – 4y = 11 ® (2)
From (2): x = 11 + 4y ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
2y = 5(11 + 4y) – 1
2y = 55 + 20y – 1
18y = –54
y = –3
When y = –3, x = 11 + 4(–3) = –1.
So, x = –1 and y = –3.
6. (a) 2a – b = 0 ® (1)
3a – 5b = –17.5 ® (2)
From (1): b = 2a ® (3)

Substitute (3) into (2):

3a – 5(2a) = –17.5
–7a = –17.5
a = 2.5
Substitute a = 2.5 into (3):
b = 2(2.5)
=5
So, a = 2.5 and b = 5.
(b) 5p + 3q = 16 ® (1)
p – 4q = 17 ® (2)
From (2): p = 17 + 4q ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
5(17 + 4q) + 3q = 16
85 + 20q + 3q = 16
23q = –69
q = –3
Substitute q = –3 into (3):
p = 17 + 4(–3)
=5
So, p = 5 and q = –3.
7. (a) 4h + 5k = 9 ® (1)
4h – 5k = –41 ® (2)
From (1): 4h = 9 – 5k ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
9 – 5k – 5k = –41
10k = 50
k=5
Substitute k = 5 into (3):
4h = 9 – 5(5)
4h = –16
h = –4
So, h = –4 and k = 5.

14 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

(b) 3m – 4n = 10 ® (1)
5m + 3n = 7 ® (2)
#8'!@
From (1): m = ) ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
#8'!@
5 % ) ( + 3n = 7
50 + 20n + 9n = 21
29n = –29
n = –1
Substitute n = –1 into (3):
#8'!(-#)
m= )
=2
So, m = 2 and n = –1.
8. (a) 10y – 3z = 2 ® (1)
z – 2y = 0 ® (2)
From (2): z = 2y ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
10y – 3(2y) = 2
4y = 2
#
y=$
#
Substitute y = $ into (3):
#
z = 2% (
$
=1
#
So, y = $ and z = 1.
(b) 2u + 3v = 8 ® (1)
–3u + v = –23 ® (2)
From (2): v = 3u – 23 ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
2u + 3(3u – 23) = 8
11u – 69 = 8
11u = 77
u=7
Substitute u = 7 into (3):
v = 3(7) – 23
= –2
So, u = 7 and v = –2.
(c) 2c + 5d = 25 ® (1)
3c – 2d = 9 ® (2)
$*-*+
From (1): c = ® (3)
$
Substitute (3) into (2):
$*-*+
3 % $ ( – 2d = 9
75 – 15d – 4d = 18
19d = 57
d=3
Substitute d = 3 into (3):
$*-*())
c=
$
=5
So, c = 5 and d = 3.

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 15
 (d) 2f – 4g = 9 ® (1)
3f – 5g = 11.5 ® (2)
/'!A
From (1): f = $ ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
/'!A
3 % $ ( – 5g = 11.5
27 + 12g – 10g = 23
2g = –4
g = –2
Substitute g = –2 into (3):
/'!(-$)
f= $
#
=$
#
So, f = $ and g = –2.
9. (a) Substitute x = 5 and y = –1 into ax + by = 3:
5a – b = 3 (shown)
(b) 5a – b = 3 ® (1)
5b + a = 11 ® (2)
From (1): b = 5a – 3 ® (3)

Substitute (3) into (2):

5(5a – 3) + a = 11
26a – 15 = 11
26a = 26
a=1
Substitute a = 1 into (3):
b = 5(1) – 3
=2
So, a = 1 and b = 2.
10. (a) y = x2 – 5x + 5 ® (1)
x + y = 4 ® (2)
From (2): y = 4 – x ® (3)
4 – x = x2 – 5x + 5
x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = –4, c = 1
-(-!)±6(-!)! -!(#)(#)
x= $(#)
x = 3.73205… or x = 0.26794…
= 3.73 (to 3 s.f.) or x = 0.268 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = 3.73205…into (3):
y = 4 – 3.73205…
= 0.268 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = 0.26794… into (3):
y = 4 – 0.26794…
= 3.73 (to 3 s.f.)
So, x = 3.73 and y = 0.268 or x = 0.268 and y = 3.73.

16 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

(b) 2x – y = 1® (1)
y = (x + 3)(x – 2) ® (2)
From (1): y = 2x – 1 ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (2):
2x – 1 = (x + 3)(x – 2)
2x – 1 = x2 + x – 6
x2 – x – 5 = 0
a = 1, b = –1, c = –5
-(-#)±6(-#)! -!(#)(-*)
x= $(#)
x = 2.79128… or x = -1.79128…
= 2.79 (to 3 s.f.) or x = –1.79 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = 2.79128… into (3):
y = 2(2.79128..) – 1
= 4.58 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = -1.79128… into (3):
y = 2(-1.79128...) – 1
= -4.58 (to 3 s.f.)
So, x = 2.79 and y = 4.58 or x = -1.79 and y = -4.58.
(c) y – 4 = 3x
y = 3x + 4 ® (1)
y + 3 = 2x2 – 5x ® (2)
Substitute (1) into (2):
3x + 4 + 3 = 2x2 – 5x
2x2 – 8x – 7 = 0
a = 2, b = –8, c = –7
-(-4)±6(-4)! -!($)(-1)
x= $($)
x = 4.73861… or x = -0.73861…
= 4.74 (to 3 s.f.) = -0.739 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = 4.73861… into (1):
y = 3(4.73861…) + 4
= 18.2 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = -0.73861… into (1):
y = 3(-0.73861…) + 4
= 1.78 (to 3 s.f.)
So, x = 4.74 and y = 18.2 or x = -0.739 and y = 1.78.

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 17
 (d) y = 3 + 13x – 4x2 ® (1)
y = 4x – 9 ® (2)
Substitute (2) into (1):
4x – 9 = 3 + 13x – 4x2
4x2 – 9x – 12 = 0
a = 4, b = -9, c = -12
-(-/)±6(-/)! -!(!)(-#$)
x=
$(!)
x = 3.19033… or x = -0.94033…
= 3.19 (to 3 s.f.) = -0.940 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = 3.19033… into (2):
y = 4(3.19033…) – 9
= 3.76 (to 3 s.f.)
Substitute x = -0.94033… into (2):
y = 4(-0.94033…) – 9
= -12.8 (to 3 s.f.)
So, x = 3.19 and y = 3.76 or x = -0.940 and y = -12.8.
11. (a) c + d = 65
(b) Number of legs 4-legged animals have = 4d
Number of legs 2-legged animals have = 2c
4d = 86 + 2c
4d – 2c = 86
2d – c = 43 (shown)
(c) c + d = 65 ® (1)
2d – c = 43 ® (2)
(1) + (2):
c + d + 2d – c = 65 + 43
3d = 108
d = 36
Substitute d = 36 into (1):
c + 36 = 65
c = 29
So, c = 29 and d = 36.
(d) 36 – 29 = 7
There are 7 more 4-legged animals than 2-legged animals on the farm.
B'$ *
12. (a) @'#
=4
8(m + 2) = 5(n + 1)
8m + 16 = 5n + 5
8m – 5n = –11 (shown)
B-# #
(b) @-#
=$
2(m – 1) = n – 1
2m – 2 = n – 1
2m – 1 = n

18 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

(c) n = 2m – 1 ® (1)
8m – 5n = –11 ® (2)
Substitute (1) into (2):
8m – 5(2m – 1) = –11
8m – 10m + 5 = –11
–2m = –16
m=8
Substitute m = 8 into (1):
n = 2(8) – 1
= 15
So, m = 8 and n = 15.
4
(d) Original fraction = #*

Pause and Try 14

(a) v = u + at
at = v – u
:-3
t= "
(b) P = k(m + n)
P = km + kn
kn = P – km
C-DB
n= D
# # #
(c) 0
−E =2
# # #
0
=2+E
# E'2
0
= E2
p(q + r) = qr
E2
p = E'2
(d) A = pr2
F
r2 = G
F
r = 2G

Pause and Try 15

$9 " -#
(a) y= 9 " '$
$(-#)" -#
When x = -1, y = (-#)" '$
= -3.
3 3
(b) y(x + 2) = 2x – 1
x3y + 2y = 2x3 - 1
2x3 – x3y = 2y + 1
x3(2 – y) = 2y + 1
$='#
x3 = $-=
" $='#
x = 2 $-=
" $())'#
(c) When y = 3, x = 2 $-)
= -1.91 (to 3 s.f)

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 19
Exercise 5.3
1. (a) 3c + 2d = 5k
When c = -2 and d = 9,
3(-2) + 2(9) = 5k
k = 2.4
(b) 3c + 2d = 5k
2d = 5k – 3c
*D-)<
d=
$
2. (a) P = V(L + 3)
C
V = H')
C
(b) L + 3 = I
C
L=I–3
3. (a) 3 + mp = q – 2kp
2kp = q – 3 – mp
E-)-B0
k = $0
(b) S = a + (n – 1)d
S – a = (n – 1)d
J-"
n–1= +
J-"
n= +
+1
#
(c) A = $(a + b)h
2A = (a + b)h
$F
a+b= .
$F
b= .
–a
3'9 :
(d) =
) *
5(u + x) = 3v
):
u+x= *
):
x= * –u
4. (a) 4t = 7 – kt
4t + kt = 7
t(4 + k) = 7
1
t = !'D
1 #
(b) When k = 17, t = = .
!'#1 )
5. (a) mn = 3(n + 2)
mn = 3n + 6
mn – 3n = 6
n(m – 3) = 6
,
n = B-)
, $
(b) When m = - 18, n = -#4-) = n = − 1.
6. (a) 5 + 3bx = y – 2ax
3bx + 2ax = y – 5
x(3b + 2a) = y – 5
=-*
x = )&'$"
#!-*
(b) When a = 2, b = -1 and y = 14, x = )(-#)'$($) = 9.

20 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

9(=-$)
7. (a) T =
9-=
T(x – y) = xy – 2x
Tx – Ty = xy – 2x
xy + Ty = Tx + 2x
y(x + T) = Tx + 2x
K9'$9
y=
9'K
*8(-#*)'$(-#*) #*,
(b) When T = 50 and x = -15, y = -#*'*8
=− 1
.
4-*9
8. (a) y= 9
xy = 8 – 5x
xy + 5x = 8
x(y + 5) = 8
4
x = ='*
$9'= )
(b) $9-=
=!
4(2x + y) = 3(2x – y)
8x + 4y = 6x – 3y
2x = –7y
1=
x=− $
*E-!2
9. (a) p =
E'2
*($)-!()) $
When q = 2 and r = 3, p = = − *.
$')
(b) p(q + r) = 5q – 4r
pq + pr = 5q – 4r
5q – pq = pr + 4r
q(5 – p) = pr + 4r
02'!2
q = *-0
(c)When p – 5 = 0, q does not have a real value.
So, p = 5.
$ )
10. (a) = &!
9'"
3(x + a) = 2b2
$& !
x+a=
)
$& !
x= )
–a
(b) x = 1
$& !
–a=1
)
$& !
=1+a
)
2
2b = 3(1 + a)
2b2 – 3a = 3
When a = 5, b = 3 or b = -3. Since a and b are positive integers, a = 5 and b = 3.
11. (a) 1 memory card cost $x.
9 memory cards cost $9x.
1 charging cable costs $y.
6 charging cables cost $6y.
9x + 6y = 297
3x + 2y = 99 (shown)
(b) 2y = 99 – 3x
//-)9
y= $
//-)($))
(c) When x = 23, y = = 15. So, a charging cable costs $15.
$

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 21
Pause and Try 16
(a)(i) x ≤ -3
(ii) -3
(b)(i) -3 ≤ x ≤ 3
(ii) 0 and 2

Pause and Try 17

(a) 2c + 4 ≤ 10
2c ≤ 6
c≤3

D
(b) 4 – < -3
)
D
)
>4+3
D
>7
)
k > 21

(c) 4n – 6 ≥ 5 – n
4n + n ≥ 5 + 6
5n ≥ 11
#
n ≥ 2*

/
(d) 3(5 – p) > $
)
5–p>$
1
p<$

Pause and Try 18

(a) -5 < 2x – 3 ≤ 9
-5 < 2x – 3 and 2x – 3 ≤ 9
2x > -2 2x ≤ 12
x > -1 x≤6
So, -1 < x ≤ 6

(b) 2(2y + 1) < 3y + 5 < 2y + 9

2(2y + 1) < 3y + 5 and 3y + 5 < 2y + 9
4y + 2 < 3y + 5 y<4
y<3

So, the solution is y < 3. The prime number is 2.

22 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

Exercise 5.4
1. (a) x > 2
(b) x ≤ -1
2. (a) -3 < x ≤ 5
)
(b) − $ ≤ x < 8
3. (a) x > -2

(b) x ≤ 7.5

7.5

(c) 0 < x < 5.5

5.5

)
(d) − $ ≤ x ≤ 6

−1.5

(e) -4 < x ≤ 4

# #
4. (a) x > -1 and x < 2$ Þ -1 < x < 2$
(b) x ≤ 3 and x > -1 Þ -1 < x ≤ 3
# #
(c) x > 4 $ and x ≥ 1 Þ x > 4 $
(d) x ≤ -2 and x < 3 Þ x ≤ -2
(e) x ≤ -1 and x > 0 Þ no intersection, hence, no solutions
5. (a) -3, -2, -1, 0, 1
(b) 0, 2, 4, 6
(c) 2, 3, 5, 7
6. (a) Answers vary. Example: y < 8
(b) Answers vary. Example: y ≥ 0
(c) Answers vary. Example: 4 ≤ y < 10
7. (a) 7n > 65
,* $
n > 1 = 91

!
9
"

(b) 3 + p ≤ 17.5
p ≤ 14.5

14.5

#
(c) t – 2 < −$
)
t<$

#
1
!

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 23
 #
(d) − $q ≥ -1
q≤2

8. (a) -12b ≤ 200

$
b ≥ −16 )
(b) b = -16
9. (a)(i) 5n – 2 > 44
5n > 46
n > 9.2
(ii) 25 – 2n ≥ 1
2n ≤ 24
n ≤ 12
(b) 9.2 < n ≤ 12
So, the prime number is 11.
10. x – 3 ≤ 5 and 4x + 1 > 21
x≤8 4x > 20
x>5
So, 5 < x ≤ 8.

11. (a) 3 – 4y ≥ -46

4y ≤ 49
#
y ≤ 12 !
(b)(i) 12
(ii) 11
#
(iii) 12
!

Review Questions
1. (a) 7(x – 2) = 63
x–2=9
x = 11
(b) 31 = 13 + 2b
2b = 18
b=9
(c) 68 – 5(3 – 2k) = 23
68 – 15 + 10k = 23
10k = –30
k = –3
* $
(d) )9-!
= 9',
5(x + 6) = 2(3x – 4)
5x + 30 = 6x – 8
x = 38
2. (a) 16 – 81c2 = 0
42 = (9c)2 = 0
(4 + 9c)(4 – 9c) = 0
4 + 9c = 0 or 4 – 9c = 0
! !
c = −/ c=/

24 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

(b) (y – 2)(3y + 15) = 0

y–2=0 or 3y + 15 = 0
y=2 y = -5
(c) (2h – 1)2 = 125
2h – 1 = √125 or 2h – 1 = −√125
h = 6.09 (to 3 s.f.) h = -5.09 (to 3 s.f.)
(d) 1 – 5k + 3k2 = 0
a = 3, b = –5, c = 1
-(-*)±6(-*)! -!())(#)
k=
$())
k = 1.43 (to 3 s.f.) or k = 0.232 (to 3 s.f.)
) ! #
(e) *9', − $9-# = $8
3(2x – 1)(20) – 4(5x + 6)(20) = (5x + 6)(2x – 1)
120x – 60 – 400x – 480 = 10x2 + 7x – 6
10x2 + 287x + 534 = 0
-$41±6$41! -!(#8)(*)!)
x= $(#8)
x = -2 or x = -26.7
3. (a) 32 + 3k – 4(k + 1) = 0
9 + 3k – 4k – 4 = 0
k=5
(b) When k = 5,
x2 + 5x – 4(6) = 0
x2 + 5x – 24 = 0
(x + 8)(x – 3) = 0
x = –8 or x = 3
So, the second possible value of x is –8.
4. (a) Each side should not be divided by m as m is the unknown variable.
(b) m2 = 10m
2
m – 10m = 0
m(m – 10) = 0
m = 0 or m = 10
5.

Algebraic expressions Actions to be taken

(a) 4x + y ® (1) To eliminate y, take (1) – (2).
x + y ® (2) Resulting expression: 4x – x = 3x
(b) 5x + y ® (1) To eliminate the terms in x:
3x – 2y ® (2) Take (1) ´ 3, and (2) ´ 5.
Then, take (1) – (2).

(6) (a) b – 2c = 2® (1)

3b + 2c = -12 ® (2)
(1) + (2):
b – 2c + 3b + 2c = 2 – 12
4b = -10
b = -2.5
Substitute b = -2.5 into (1):
-2.5 – 2c = 2
2c = -4.5
c = -2.25
So, b = -2.5 and c = -2.25.

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 25
 (b) 7h + 6k = 1 ® (1)
11h – 2k = 3 ® (2)
(2) ´ 3: 33h – 6k = 9 ® (3)
(1) + (3):
7h + 6k + 33h – 6k = 1 + 9
40h = 10
#
h=
!
#
Substitute h = into (1):
!
#
7 %!( + 6k = 1
7 + 24k = 4
24k = -3
#
k = −4
# #
So, h = ! and k = − 4.
#
(c) p = #8(3q – 20)(100 – q) ® (1)
p – 9q = 0 ® (2)
From (2):
p = 9q ® (3)
Substitute (3) into (1):
#
9q = #8(3q – 20)(100 – q)
90q = (3q – 20)(100 – q)
90q = 300q – 3q2 – 2000 + 20q
3q2 – 230q + 2000 = 0
a = 3, b = –230, c = 2000
-(-$)8)±6(-$)8)! -!())($888)
q=
$())
$
q = 66 or q = 10
)
$
Substitute q = 66) into (3):
$
p = 9 ´ 66)
= 600
Substitute q = 10 into (3):
p = 9(10)
= 90
$
So, p = 600 and q = 66) or p = 90 and q = 10.
!G
7. (a) V= )
(a3 – b3)
)I
a3 – b3 = !G
)I
b3 = a3 –
!G
" )I
b= 2𝑎) – !G
# 2
(b)(i) S = ut + $at
#
$
at2 = S – ut
at2 = 2(S – ut)
$(J-3L)
a = L!
$[,8.*-($8.))($.*)]
(ii) When S = 60.5, u = 20.3 and t = 2.5, a = $.*!
= 3.12.

26 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
 Worked Solutions

8. Mary’s solution is wrong. In the second step when she subtracted 7 on each side, she should not
reverse the inequality symbol.
#
9. (a) 18 – 5m > $(4m + 1)
2(18 – 5m) > 4m + 1
36 – 10m > 4m + 1
14m < 35
m < 2.5

2.5

#4-*B !B'#
(b) $
> !
#
18 – 5m > $(4m + 1)
So, the prime number that satisfies the inequality is 2.
10. (a) 4x + 19 = 11x – 2
7x – 2 = 19 (shown)
(b) 7x – 2 = 19
7x = 21
x=3
(c) When x = 3,
6x – 7 = 6(3) – 7 = 11
11x – 2 = 11(3) – 2 = 31
Perimeter = 11 + 11 + 31 + 31
= 84 cm
11. (a) 1 tin of cookies costs $x.
6 tins of cookies cost $6x.
1 tin of chocolates costs $y.
7 tins of chocolates cost $7y.
6x + 7y = 135
(b) 14x + 8y = 225
(c) 6x + 7y = 135
#)*-1=
x = , ® (1)
14x + 8y = 225 ® (2)
Substitute (1) into (2):
#)*-1=
14 % , ( + 8y = 225
1890 – 98y + 48y = 1350
50y = 540
y = 10.80
#)*-1(#8.48)
When y = 10.80, x = ,
= 9.90.
So, x = 9.90 and y = 10.80.
(d) 2 tins of cookies cost $9.90(2) = $19.80.
3 tins of chocolates cost $10.80(3) = $32.40.
Total cost = $19.80 + $32.40
= $52.20

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities 27
12. (a) Length = y cm
Width = (y + 3) cm
Height = (y – 1) cm
Total surface area = 2y(y + 3) + 2y(y – 1) + 2(y + 3)(y – 1)
= 2y2 + 6y + 2y2 – 2y + 2(y2 + 2y – 3)
= 6y2 + 8y – 6
2
(b) 6y + 8y – 6 = 700
6y2 + 8y – 706 = 0
3y2 + 4y – 353 = 0 (shown)
(c) 3y2 + 4y – 353 = 0
a = 3, b = 4, c = –353
-!±6! ! -!())(-)*))
y= $())
= 10.20 (to 2 d.p.) or y = –11.53 (to 2 d.p.) (NA)
(d) y = –11.53 is a negative value. Since length cannot be negative, it must be rejected.
(e) The height of the container is 10.20 – 1 = 9.20 cm.

28 Chapter 5 Equations, Formulas and Inequalities © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd