IN THE NAME OF GOD
Instrumentation Term Project Supervised By: Dr. Hamid D. Taghirad
Magnetic position sensor
Ehsan Peymani Golnaz Habibi
Magnetic Sensor
Feature of Magnetic Sensors
Advantage
- Contact less
- Unaffected by Contamination Disadvantage
- affected by other magnetic field
Position sensing ( all types )
Capacitive Eddy current Optical Inductive Resistive Sonar Laser Magnetic
All Types of Magnetic Position Sensor
Hall effect sensor Magnetostrictive Magnetoresistive Base on Seismic theory Reed switch Synchro & Resolver Inductosyn Magnesyn Magnetic encoder LVDT & RVDT
Special application
Compassing GPS navigation Vehicle detection
Special application
Compassing
Special application
Compassing
Special application
Compassing
Special application
GPS navigation
Special application
GPS navigation
Special application
Vehicle detection
Special application
Vehicle detection
Special application
Vehicle direction
Smart position sensor
Smart position sensor
Specifications :
Magnetostrictive LDT Small & Inexpensive Linearity+/- 0.05% of Stroke Accuracy+/- 0.1% of Stroke Repeatability+/- 0.01% of full stroke Operating Temperature-20 to 70 C Programmable
Hall Effect Sensor
Hall effect : Dr. Edvin Hall , 1879 Johns Hopkins University Hall sensor : Joe Maupin & Evertt Vorthmann , 1965
Hall effect
General features
True solid state Long life High speed operation - over 100 kHz possible Operates with stationary input (zero speed) No moving parts Logic compatible input and output Broad temperature range (-40 to +150C) Highly repeatable operation
Hall effect
Theory
Hall effect
Theory
VH
K H BI = t
Hall effect
Theory
Hall effect
Conditional Circuit
S = 7
V
V G
!!! Silicon exhibits the piezoresistance effect
Hall effect
Conditional Circuit
Hall effect
Digital Hall sensors
Hall effect
Analog Hall sensors
Hall effect
Magnetic system
Unipolar head-on mode Unipolar slide-by mode Bipolar slide-by mode Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet)
Jump to Application
Hall effect
Magnetic system
Unipolar head-on mode
Nonlinear Accuracy medium
Hall effect
Magnetic system
Unipolar slide-by mode
Nonlinear Accuracy low Symmetric
Hall effect
Magnetic system
Bipolar slide-by mode
Accuracy medium Dissymmetry
Hall effect
Magnetic system
Hall effect
Magnetic system
Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet)
Hall effect
Magnetic system comparison chart
Hall effect
Application Vane operated position sensors
Hall effect
Application Vane operated position sensors
Hall effect
Application Other in position Sequence sensor Proximity sensor Office machine sensors Multiple position sensor Anti-skid sensor Piston detection sensor
Hall effect
Application Sequence sensor
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Hall effect
Application Proximity sensor
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Hall effect
Application Office machine sensors
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Hall effect
Application Multiple position sensor
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Hall effect
Application Anti-skid sensor
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Hall effect
Application Piston detection sensor
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Magnetostrictive sensors
Invent at 1970 MTS Temposonic technology
Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors
Manetostrictive effect Villari effect Wiedemann effect
Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors
Manetostrictive effect
Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors
Villari effect
Reverse of Magnetoestrictive
applying stress to a magnetostrictive material
changes its magnetic properties
Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors
Wiedemann effect
Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors
The operation
Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors
The operation
Magnetostriction sensors
Features
Non contact Absolute 10 mm ~ 20 m Nonlinearity < 0.02%
Magnetostriction sensors
Comparison
Magnetostriction sensors
Application
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission Automotive Suspensions Automotive Steering Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed Medical Infusion Pump Medical Dental Chairs Tractor Steering Commercial Appliance Damping Automotive Tank Levels Construction Equipment
Magnetostriction sensors
Application Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission
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Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Suspensions
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Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Steering
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Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed
Back
Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Medical Infusion Pump
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Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Medical Dental Chairs
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Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Tractor Steering
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Magnetostriction sensors Application - Commercial Appliance Damping
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Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Construction Equipment
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Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Automotive Tank Levels
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Magnetoresistive sensors
Invent at 1856 William Thompson Lord Kelvin
Magnetoresistive sensors
All types
Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Theory of AMR
Magnetoresistive sensors
Theory of AMR
cos 2
Barber Pole Bias
Magnetoresistive sensors
Theory of AMR
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1501)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1501)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1501)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1512)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1512)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1512)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Operation of AMR (HMC1512)
Magnetoresistive sensors
Typical application
Cylinder position sensing in pneumatic cylinders Elevator sensor Lid sensor for laptop computers Position sensor for materials handling equipment (lift trucks) Blood analyzer Magnetic encoders
Magnetoresistive sensors
Comparision of Hall effect & MR technologies
Magnetoresistive sensors
Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR)
Observe at 1988 Magnetoresistivity > 70%
Magnetoresistive sensors
Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Theory
Magnetoresistive sensors
Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Application
Proximity Detection Displacement Sensing Rotational Reference Detection
Colossal Magnetoresistive (CMR)
Observe at 1988 Magnetoresistivity > 1000% ~ 10000000%
Magnetoresistive sensors
Comparison
Reed switch
Reed switch
Structure
Reed switch
Advantages
Long life Small size Very sensitive to magnetic fields Has no leakage current or voltage drop Very inexpensive Highly repeatable operation High immunity to dirt and contamination Zero power consumption
Reed switch
Disadvantages
It is electronically noisy Slow response time Large amount of hysteresis
Synchro & Resolver
A device called Selsyn was developed at 1925
Synchro
Theory
Synchro is variable rotary transformer.
Synchro
Classification
Transmitter
Control Torque
Synchro
Classification
Receiver
Control Torque
Synchro
Classification
Differential Transmitter
Control Torque
Synchro
Classification
Control Torque
Synchro
Advantages
The controlling unit can be along distance from the controlled unit. Low consumption. Eliminates the necessity of mechanical linkage. Continues accurate and visual information. Good reliability and minimum maintenances . Small and light. Very fast.
Resolver
Resolver
Theory
Signal Conditioning
Resolver-To-Digital Converter(RTD /RDC) Basic Undersampling Oversampling
RTD
Basic
RTD
Undersampling
RTD
Undersampling
RTD
Oversampling
Oversampling
TMS320F240
Resolver
Advantages
Accurate Absolute Position Sensor Small size Well-suited to severe industrial environments Not require ohmic contact. High reliability
Synchro& Resolver
Application
Naval weapons Radar antennas Aerospace Robotics
Inductosyns
Inductosyns types
Linear inductosyn Rotary inductosyn
Linear inductosyns
inductosyns
Specification
Use RTD for signal conditioning Linear resolution is 5microinch. angular resolution is less than 0.9 arc seconds relatively expensive very high accurate very reliable
inductosyns
Advantages & Disadvantages
Accurate Small size Well-suited to severe industrial environments Not require ohmic contact High reliability but relatively expensive
Magnesyn
Magnesyn
Structure
Magnetic encoder
All types
LVDT & RVDT
End of World War II
Linear Variable Differential Transformer(LVDT)
PRECISION ABSOLUTE VALUE CIRCUIT
(FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER)
LVDT & RVDT
Comparison
LVDT Measurement ranges are 100m to 25cm Sensitivity is 2.4mv per volt per degree of rotation Input voltages are from 1V to 24V RMS, with frequencies 50Hz0kHz RVDT Typical RVDTs are linear over a range of about 40 Sensitivity is 2 to 3mV per volt per degree of rotation Input voltages in the range of 3V RMS at frequencies between 400Hz and 20kHz.
LVDT
Advantages
Infinite Resolution High accuracy and sensitivity Excellent linearity ( 0.5%) A wide variety of measurement ranges
Application
Modern Machine-tool Robotics Avionics & aircraft Process control industry Torpedo, and weapons systems.
Thank you
