Question Answers

control the flow of air over the engine

The primary purpose of cowl flaps is to:- cylinders in order to maintain the correct
operating temperature.

The cylinder head temperature gauge usually obtains its reading a cylinder which tests show runs the
from:- hottest

Engine cylinder barrels and heads are usually fitted with fins in order
improve engine cooling
to:-

The most likely cause of the over extension of an oleo in an

high air pressure.
undercarriage leg is:-

excessive tread wear in the centre of the

An over-inflated tyre may result in:-
tyre.

The purpose of a torque link on a nosewheel shock strut assembly is keep the nosewheel correctly aligned
to:- with the airframe

the shape and rigidity of the fuselage is

A semi-monocoque fuselage design is one in which:- provided by formers and stringers whilst
the stressed skin carries part of the load

The most important structural component of a wing:- is the main spar

The part of a wing to which the ailerons and flaps are usually
rear or auxiliary spar.
attached is the:-

the inflation valve to break away from

Tyre creep may cause:-
the inner tube

A shimmy in the nosewheel whilst taxying indicates that:- the torque links are worn or have failed

A shimmy in the nosewheel whilst taxying indicates that:- the torque links are worn or have failed

A fuselage which is constructed to allow the skin to take some of the

a semi-monocoque structure
load is:-
The primary load carrying component of an aluminium stressed skin
is the main spar
wing:-

The most likely cause of the under-extension of an oleo in an

low air pressure
undercarriage leg is:-

Tyre creep may be expected to occur:- during the normal landing.

In a Truss, or Girder-type fuselage the main structural component is

longeron
a:

The timing of the ignition of the fuel and air mixture in an internal between 20° and 25° before TDC during
combustion engine is arranged to occur:- the compression stroke

A condition which may occur in only one cylinder of an engine as a

pre-ignition
result of too a lean mixture is:-

Valve overlap in the four stroke engine will occur between the:- exhaust and induction strokes

In a piston engine, the piston will have passed BDC and be moving
the compression and exhaust strokes.
towards TDC during:-

The type of pump utilised in a piston engine to provide high pressure

gear type pump.
oil lubrication is a:-

Lubrication of the main bearings and crankshaft of the engine is by both high pressure oil and splash
provided:- lubrication.

Dry sump piston engine lubrication systems make use of a scavenge pump oil from the sump back to the oil
pump to:- tank

oil is stored in the engine sump and

In a wet sump piston engine lubrication system:- distributed throughout the engine by a
pressure pump

A high oil temperature coupled with low oil pressure:- are an indication of low oil supply.

The oil in a wet sump lubrication system passes through the oil before being fed to the engine
cooler:- components
An oil pressure gauge is usually located in the oil line of a wet sump between the pressure relief valve and
system:- the sump

maintain a constant oil pressure over a

The purpose of the pressure relief valve in a lubrication system is to:-
range of engine power changes

The temperature of the oil in a wet sump lubrication system is

after leaving the oil cooler
usually measured:-

The function of the distributor in a magneto is to:- provide high voltage to the spark plugs

prevent the fuel from surging about

The purpose of baffles in an aircraft’s fuel tank is to:-
during flight

produce a strong retarded spark usually

The purpose of an impulse coupling in a magneto is to:
in the left magneto for easier starting

The electrical current produced by a magneto:- is created by a rotating magnet

the engine will continue to run with the

If the earth wire from a magneto to the aircraft structure is broken:-
magneto switch in the off position

draws fuel from a position higher than

the sump to allow water or other
The fuel supply line from the fuel tank to the engine normally:-
impurities to settle at the bottom of the
tank

In some magneto ignition systems an impulse coupling is used as a producing a strong retarded spark during
method of:- the low RPM of engine start.

the engine starting to run rough and a

The presence of carburettor icing would be indicated by:-
decrease in RPM

When the throttle is opened quickly, the throttle accelerator pump

discharge additional fuel into the venturi
will:-

An accelerator pump is often incorporated in a carburettor in order provide extra fuel when the throttle is
to:- opened rapidly.

An engine which starts to run rough and then slowly loses power is
carburettor icing.
probably suffering from:-
When leaning the fuel/air mixture:- the ratio of fuel to air is reduced

will also richen the mixture because of

The application of carburettor heat:-
the higher air temperature

at the venturi butterfly valve or inlet

Carburettor icing is most likely to occur:-
manifold

ensure that the thrust produced is

The blade angle of a propeller varies from hub to tip in order to:-
constant along the propeller blade

richen the mixture increase the RPM

The correct sequence for increasing power in an aeroplane with a
then increase the manifold pressure
Constant Speed Unit (CSU) is:-
setting

During take-off in an aeroplane equipped with a Constant Speed Unit

a small blade angle
(CSU), it would be most beneficial to have:-

If an aeroplane, with a fixed pitch propeller, is placed in a shallow

dive so that forward speed increases with no change in power increase
setting, the RPM will:-

After starting an engine black smoke is seen coming from the

that the mixture is too rich
exhaust. This indicates:-

will still produce electrical power at low

An operational advantage of the alternator is that it:-
RPM

The correct level of electrolyte in a lead acid battery should be

distilled water
maintained by the addition of:-

One of the advantages of refuelling an aeroplane with full tanks after full tanks will minimise condensation
flight is that:- forming overnight

does not rely on battery power to bring

One of the benefits of the DC generator is that it:-
it on line.

Control of the voltage output from a DC generator is achieved

voltage regulator
through a:-

The use of fuel with a lower octane rating than that recommended
detonation
by the aircraft manufacturer may lead to:-
The storage capacity of a battery is usually expressed in:- ampere-hours.

A rectifier is required in an alternator in order to:- convert the AC output into DC

A reverse current cut-out relay, or circuit breaker, is used in a prevent the flow of current from the
generator supplied electrical system to:- battery to the generator

The purpose of the engine driven vacuum pump used in an aircraft's

remove air from the instrument case
gyroscopic instrument system is to:-

The purpose of the engine driven vacuum pump used in an aircraft's decrease the pressure within the
gyroscopic instrument system is to:- instrument case.

a pressure relief valve which is located

Over-speeding of vacuum driven gyro rotor is prevented by:-
just before the vacuum pump.

The suction required to operate vacuum driven gyroscopes is usually

3 - 5 inches of mercury
between:-

indicate the flow of current from the

A left-zero ammeter is incorporated in an electrical system to:-
alternator.

indicate the voltage in the electrical

A voltmeter may be incorporated in an electrical system to:-
system

The instruments that would be affected by a static vent blockage the altimeter airspeed indicator and
are:- vertical speed indicator.

If the alternate static vent, located in the aircraft's cockpit, is opened over-read because the cockpit pressure
in flight in response to a blocked external static vent, the altimeter is usually lower than the outside
will:- pressure

If the alternate static vent, located in the aircraft's cockpit, is opened over-read because the cockpit pressure
in flight in response to a blocked external static vent, the altimeter is usually lower than the outside
will:- pressure
The instruments which would be affected by a blockage in both pitot
the altimeter VSI and ASI
tube and static vent are:-

A blockage of the static vent during a descent would cause the ASI
over-read
to:-

If, during a descent, the static vent becomes blocked the altimeter continue to indicate the altitude at
will:- which the blockage occurred.

If, during level flight, the static vent becomes blocked the ASI reading
remain constant
will:-

The green arc on an airspeed indicator represents:- the normal operating speed range

In a simple airspeed indicator:- pitot pressure is fed to the capsule

In a simple airspeed indicator:- static pressure is fed to the case.

indicated airspeed corrected for

Calibrated or Rectified airspeed is:-
instrument and position error

calibrated or rectified airspeed corrected

True airspeed is:-
for temperature and density

The basic principle of operation of an airspeed indicator is to

between static and pitot pressure
measure the differential between:-

expand causing the instrument to shown

As altitude is increased the capsule inside an altimeter will:-
an increase in altitude

contract causing the instrument to

As altitude is decreased the capsule inside an altimeter will:-
shown a decrease in altitude

that oil is slipping past the piston rings

The presence of black oily deposits in the firing end cavity of a spark
and is being burnt in the combustion
plug would probably indicate:-
chamber
During a descent the pressure in the capsule of a vertical speed
increase
indicator (VSI) will:-

During a climb the pressure inside the case of a vertical speed decrease at a slower rate than that
indicator (VSI) will:- inside the capsule

During a descent the pressure inside the case of a vertical speed increase at a slower rate than that inside
indicator (VSI) will:- the capsule

decrease the static pressure of the

The instantaneous vertical speed indicator (IVSI) utilises an
capsule during the initiation of a
accelerometer to:-
descent.

During the initiation of a climb the accelerometer in an instantaneous cause a rapid decrease in static pressure
vertical speed indicator (IVSI) will:- in the capsule.

An operational problem of the conventional VSI which does not occur

manoeuvre-induced error
in the Instantaneous VSI is:-

The two properties associated with a spinning gyroscope are:- rigidity and precession.

With reference to the Attitude Indicator or Artificial Horizon, as an the gyro remains in the vertical relative
aircraft changes its pitch attitude or bank:- to the earth.

The gyroscope used in a direction indicator is a:- Horizontal axis gyro

Apparent wander in a Direction Indicator is caused by:- the rotation of the earth

Wear in the bearings and gimbals as well as air turbulence will have
causing real wander of a gyro
the effect of:-

The indications on a turn indicator during a turn to the right whilst the ball should move to the left and the
taxying are:- needle should show a right turn.

the pointer will show a higher rate of

If the rotor speed of a turn indicator increases above normal:-
turn
The turn indicator makes use of a:- rate gyro

the tension of a spring mounted

Control of the precession of the gyro in a turn indicator is achieved
between the gimbal and the case of the
by:-
instrument

The needle of a turn co-ordinator shows:- the rate of turn

balanced turn
The diagram below indicates a:-

slipping turn.
The diagram below indicates a:-

The type of gyro used in an attitude indicator is:- an earth gyro.

During take-off the error which may be expected from an air-driven is a temporary error in both pitch and
Artificial Horizon, or Attitude Indicator:- roll

During flight the gyro in a Direction Indicator aligns itself with:- a fixed point in space

An aircraft engine is designed to operate on a specific octane rating.

lead fouling of the spark plugs
Using fuel of a higher octane than recommended may result in:-

the primer is more effective than the

A manually operated primer pump should always be used to prime a
throttle accelerator pump and will pump
cold engine for start because:-
more fuel into the venturi as a result

the mixture should be in the full lean

When attempting to start an engine which has been over-primed or position until the engine fires and then
flooded:- richened slowly to keep the engine
running
In the southern hemisphere, an aircraft is to maintain a constant
heading of 090° (M) on a magnetic compass. If the aircraft speed is show an apparent turn to the south
increased from 80 kts to 110 kts the compass would:-

is caused by local magnetic fields within

The deviation error found in a magnetic compass:-
the aircraft

When executing a turn from 160° through south to 210°, in the

southern hemisphere, using only a magnetic compass, the most 190°
appropriate heading to roll out on would be:-

Compass deviation in a particular aircraft:- varies with each heading

the power output of an alternator will be

In comparison to a generator:-
greater at a lower rpm

it is self-excited and does not require the

The operating principle of a DC generator is that it:-
use of a battery

when pressure is increased on a confined

A hydraulic system operates on the basic principle that:- volume of fluid the increased pressure
will be transmitted by the fluid

The pilot of an aircraft which is equipped with manifold pressure

a decrease in manifold pressure
gauge would be able to identify the presence of carburettor icing by:-

With reference to the figure below, the trailing edge flap type
a split flap
indicated is:-

With reference to the figure below, the trailing edge flap type
a Fowler flap.
indicated is:-
 allow the aeroplane to fly at a higher
The effect of slats is to:-
angle of attack and a lower airspeed

MSL temperature of 15°C and lapse rate

According to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) there is a:-
of 1.98°C /1000 ft up to 36 090 ft

According to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), the

1225 grammes per cubic metre
density of air at sea level is:-

feeds air from within the engine cowling

Application of “alternate air” in a fuel injection system:-
to the induction system

An aircraft’s pitot tube is usually mounted:- directly into the airflow

Pitot pressure is taken from:- a tube mounted in the relative airflow

a port located in an area of undisturbed

Normal static pressure is taken from:-
air

The effect of having two static vents located one on either side of an
position error will be reduced
aircraft’s fuselage is that:-

The alternate static valve draws air from:- within the aircraft cockpit.

If the speed of an aeroplane fitted with a fixed pitch propeller

decrease
decreases, but the throttle setting remains constant the RPM will:-

The component of a hydraulic system which stores hydraulic fluid

an accumulator
under pressure is called:-

Loss of pressure in a hydraulic system is indicated to the pilot:- a warning light usually red

it should be replaced only once with a

In the event that a fuse in an electrical circuit has blown:-
fuse of the same rating
 it should be pushed back in only once
In the event that a circuit breaker in an electrical circuit has tripped:-
after allowing a cooling off period

the tension of a spring mounted

Control of the precession of the gyro in a turn indicator is achieved
between the gimbal and the case of the
by:-
instrument