Republic of the Philippines

Surigao del Sur State University

Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221

A Module in
GE MMW- Mathematics in
the Modern World

MODULE 1

Authors: CRISIL JEAN B. AZARCON

MARINE D. JURALBAR
MYLINE C. ORCEJOLA
 COURSE INFORMATION
Course Code GE-MMW
Course Title Mathematics in the Modern World
No of Units 3 units
Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Contact Hours 54 hours
Mode of Delivery Blended
Tools/Platforms Google Classroom, Facebook messenger
Facebook: Crisil Jean Azarcon
Course This course deals with nature of mathematics, appreciation
Description of its practical, intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions, and application of
mathematical tools in daily life
The course begins with an introduction to the nature of
mathematics as an exploration of patterns (in nature and the
environment) and as an application of inductive and deductive
reasoning. By exploring these topics, students are encouraged to go
beyond the typical understanding of mathematics as merely a set of
formulas but as a source of aesthetics in patterns of nature, for example,
and a rich language in itself (and of science) governed by logic and
reasoning.
The course then proceeds to survey ways in which
mathematics provides a tool for understanding and dealing with various
aspects of present-day living, such as managing personal finances,
making social choices, appreciating geometric designs, understanding
codes used in data transmission and security, and dividing limited
resources fairly. These aspects will provide opportunities for actually
doing mathematics in a broad range of exercises that bring out the
various dimensions of mathematics as a way of knowing, and test the
students' understanding and capacity. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013)

Course Outcomes At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
Knowledge/Competencies
• Discuss and argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is,
how it is expressed, represented, and used
• Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and
arguments made about mathematics and mathematical concepts.
• Discuss the language and symbols of mathematics.
Skills
• Use a variety of statistical tools to process and manage numerical
data,
• Analyze codes and coding schemes used for identification, privacy,
and security purposes;

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 1
 • Use mathematics in other areas such as finance, voting, health and
medicine, business, environment, arts and design, and recreation.
Values
• Appreciate the nature and uses of mathematics in everyday life
• Affirm honesty and integrity in the application of mathematics to
various human endeavors.

COURSE TOPICS
Week Topic
Module 1 The Nature of Mathematics
Lesson 1 VMGO of the University, Classroom policies, Scope of the course
Lesson 2 Mathematics in Our World
Lesson 3 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World
Lesson 4 The Fibonacci Sequence
Lesson 5 Uses of mathematics
PRELIM EXAM
Module 2 Mathematical Language and Symbols
Lesson 6 Characteristics of mathematical language
Lesson 7 Mathematical Expressions
Lesson `8 Sets,Relation and Function
Lesson 9 Problem Solving and Reasoning
10 MIDTERM EXAM
Module 3 Mathematics as a Tool (Part 1)
Lesson 11 Data Management (Data Gathering & Organizing)
Lesson 12 Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion
Lesson 13 Measures of Relative Position
Lesson 14 Probabilities & Normal Distributions
Linear Regression & Correlation
15 PRE-FINAL EXAM
Module 4 Mathematics as a Tool (Part 2)
Lesson 16 Geometric Designs
Lesson 17 The Mathematics of Finance
18 FINAL EXAM
GRADING Non-Laboratory Subject
SYSTEM Class Standing…………………………………. 40%

Examinations…………………………….. . 40%
Requirements……………………………………20%

TOTAL 100%

REFERENCES Printed:
1. Aufmann, Richard, et.al. 2018. Mathematics in the Modern World,
Philippine edition. Rex Bookstore.

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 2
 2. Reyes, Juan Apolinario. 2018. Mathematics in the Modern World.
Unlimited Books Librsry Services & Publishing.
3. Sirug, Winston . 2018. Mathematics in the Modern World.
Mindshapers Co.,INC.
4. Merlita Castillo Medallon, Ed. D, et.al. 2018. Mathematics in the
Modern World.

E-books:
1.Barry, Patrick D. 2016. Geometry with Trigonometry. 2nd edition.
Langford Lane, Kidlington OX5 1GB, UK Elsevier Ltd.
2. Bueno, David Cababaro. 2016. 2.Educational research writing: made
easy. Great Books Trading.
3. Faltado, Ruben E. III. 2016. Practical research 2: quantitative
research. Lorimar publishing Inc.
4. Libby, Jim. 2017. Math for real life: teaching pratical uses for algebra,
geometry and trigonometry. Jefferson, North California: Mcfarland &
Company, Inc.

Online References:
1. “The Language of Mathematics PPT Presentation”
https://www.slideserve.com/corby/the-language-of-mathematics
2.https://mathnature.com/chapter-3/section-3-1-deductive-reasoning/
3.“Thinking Reasoning & Problem Solving (Human Behavior)
“Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/zohebchana/thinking-
reasoning-problem-solving-human-behavior.
July 23, 2020.
4. “Inductive & Deductive Reasoning slide share”
Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/smiller5/131-inductive-and-deductive-
reasoning?
July 23, 2020
5. “Polya’s four-step approach to problem solving”
Retrieved from
http://web.mnstate.edu/peil/M110/Worksheet/PolyaProblemSolve.pdf
6. Mathematics as a Tool
https://www.uni-
bielefeld.de/ZIF/Publikationen/Mitteilungen/Aufsaetze/2015-2-
Lenhard.pdf
7. Data Gathering and Organizing
https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/math/support_gr2/statistics.pdf
8. Measures of Central Tendency
https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/measures-central-tendency-mean-
median-mode/
VideoTutorial
1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqFiXQN_y_k
2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYTwioS4mbo

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 3
 3.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mk8tOD0t8M0
9. Measures of Dispersion
https://www.ohio.edu/plantbio/staff/mccarthy/quantmet/lectures/lec3&4.
pdf
“Video tutorial”
Retrieved from:
1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goXdWMZxlqM
2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64ELhoTvzk0
10. Measures of Relative Position
https://stattrek.com/descriptive-statistics/measures-of-position.aspx
11.Probabilities and normal distributions
https://bolt.mph.ufl.edu/6050-6052/unit-3b/normal-random-
variables/standard-normal-probabilities/
12. Linear Regression and Correlation
https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/natural-resources-
biometrics/chapter/chapter-7-correlation-and-simple-linear-regression/
13. Mathematics as a tool (Part 2)
https://www.nap.edu/read/10126/chapter/6
14. Mathematics of Finance
https://www.slideshare.net/MohammadKowshickAhme/mathematics-of-
finance-70175362
15. Simple and Compound Interest
https://www.slideshare.net/hisema/simple-and-compound-interest-
24834757

Course Requirements:
• Quizzes, Activities, Exercises, Assignments
• Essays
• Exams (PRELIM, MIDTERM, PREFINAL, FINAL)

I. Course Overview
This course pack is produced specifically for the GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern
World) course intended for SDSSU Cantilan students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in
Criminology (BS Crim) program. This is the prelim-period module. It addresses the essence of
mathematics in real-life scenario, and its application. Considering the course description, this
course kit discusses the essence of mathematics, the understanding of its practical, intellectual,
and aesthetic aspects, and the application of mathematical methods in everyday life.

II. General Instruction

This module begins with an introduction that encapsulates the topics or lessons that
students of this course have to learn, understand and value. This Module is composed of five
parts of which the first part pertains to the Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs). The next part is
the course direction where students are directed to focus their respective course works. The nitty-
gritties of the course are also placed in the lecture and discussion which is the third part of the
module. Each student taking this course is also required to answer all the exercises and

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 4
 assessment task to measure whether the student have learned from the lessons. For the students
to grasp all the essentials of the topics covered in a particular lesson, links, URLs, videos and
other supplementary reading materials are provided in this module.

III. Academic Integrity

Academic honesty is required of all students. Plagiarism--to take and pass off as one’s own
work, the work or ideas of another--is a form of academic dishonesty. Penalties may be assigned
for any form of academic dishonesty” (See Student Handbook/College Manual). Sanctions for
breaches in academic integrity may include receiving a grade of “Failed” on a test or assignment.
In addition, the Director of Student Affairs may impose further administrative sanctions.

DISCLAIMER
This module is a collection of the works by various authors by internet sources, manuals, and
books and will only be used for educational purposes.
The authors who are the source of some sections contained in this module are granted due rec
ognition. The compiler/owner shall not claim copyrights in respect of any element.

from other sources.

INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION
Name : CRISIL JEAN B. AZARCON
E-mail Address : [email protected]
Contact Number : +639300265157
Consultation Hours 4:01-5:30 PM (TTh)
Mode of Teaching/Learning Delivery: Blended Learning
Tools/Platforms : Google Classroom, Facebook
messenger and Printed Module

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 5
 Lesson 1: Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives, Core Values

I. Introduction. This is the institution’s direction on what the University hoped to achieve
by the students after graduation. It will also help to develop the public commitments
with the involvement of the academic community to increase general understanding of
what it hopes to accomplish, why it matters, and what may need to change to realize a
stronger academic program.

II. Intended Learning Outcomes:

✓ Internalize the Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives of the University

✓ Characterize the classroom rules
✓ List expectations for the course

PHILOSOPHY
NEMSU believes that higher education is an instrument for the improvement of
life through democratized access to quality education that accelerates human capital
development.
VISION
A transformative leading University in Asia and the Pacific.
MISSION
NEMSU shall provide competency-based higher education through
transformative instruction, relevant research, sustainable extension and production
responsive to local, regional and global trends.

CORE VALUES
Competence
A combination of observable and measurable knowledge, skills, abilities,
and personal attributes that contribute to enhance SDSSU employee and
student performance and ultimately result in organizational success.
Accountability
Responsibility for own actions, decisions and commitment to accomplish
work in an ethical, efficient, cost-effective and transparent manner
manifesting the value of sound stewardship in the wise use of resources for
common good.

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 Responsiveness
A prompt action, consistent communication, quality information, and a focus
on providing a superior experience to stakeholders.
Excellence
The quality spectrum at exceptional levels demonstrated by learning
outcomes and the development of shared culture of quality consistent with
the vision, mission and goals of University.
Service
Dedication for a continuous improvement of services, stakeholder’s
relationships and partnership which stresses interdependence and
collaboration for a sustainable success of clients and their communities in
helping build a just, peaceful, stable and progressive Filipino nation.
SDSSU CARES…
These core values are not descriptions of the work we do, nor the strategies
we employ to accomplish our University vision. They are the core values that underlie
our works and interactions as we internalize responsibilities to fulfil our mission. They
are the basic elements of how we go about our work and how we deal with
stakeholders, molds students to become competent, innovative, globally competitive
and service-oriented.

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LESSON NO. 2
LESSON TITLE: NATURE OF MATHEMATICS (Mathematics in our World)
DURATION/ HOURS: 2 weeks

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the module, the students should be able to:

• identify patterns in nature and regular occurrences in the world;
• argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is, how it is expressed, represented,
and used;
• express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor; and
• apply the importance of mathematics in one’s life

DISCUSSION

NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
Is mathematics invented or discovered

Table 1.1 Nature of Mathematics

a. It is partly invented.
b. Much of it is discovered.
c. It is a system of knowledge. It is a collection of objects and the
relations among objects whose characteristics are discovered
through accepted rules of reasoning.

a. Mathematics is Partly Invented

The beginning of mathematics is a human invention and is nearly as old as humanity
itself. It began as a method to represent thoughts about quantity, form, pattern and
change. The concept of a number, for example, is an early manifestation of the concept
of quantity which gradually evolved into a primitive number system to distinguish 1 cattle
from 2 cattle, 3 deer from 4 deer etc.

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 -
The Ishango bone, a fibula of a baboon
discovered in the area of Ishango near
Semliki River, contained notches meant to
track the lunar phases in relation to the
menstrual cycle of women (Zaslavsky, C.
1979. Sophisticated numeration
systems like the sexagesimal system of the Sumerians were
inventions of people who lived in ancient.
The modern binary system, for example, was introduced by
Gottfried Leibniz in 1679, and came to be the foundation of
binary logic due in large part to George Boole.

Leibniz appeared prominently again in connection with the

birth of calculus. He and Sir Isaac Newton are credited to
have invented calculus, or at least invented the early phase
of Calculus. Newton for his part invented calculus to
effectively measure rates of change over infinitesimally small
intervals of time. Rate of change or instantaneous rate of
change is at heart of differential calculus.

b. Much of Mathematics is
Discovered

- The initial impetus for mathematics was

invention, but much of what followed next
were discoveries. One of the early
mathematical discoveries which had a
huge impact in architecture and in the history of the development of
mathematics itself is the Pythagorean Theorem. Simply put, in the theorem
says that given a right triangle with legs a and b and a hypotenuse c, the sum
of the 𝑎2 and 𝑏 2 is equal to 𝑐 2 .

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 - Plane Geometry, also called Euclidean
geometry, is a fitting example of what we
speak about. As a body of mathematical
knowledge, the part of geometry which is
invented is the set of five axioms proposed
by Euclid. The deliberate thought to begin
mathematics by assuming these
postulates to be true is an act of human
invention. But the string of proven
propositions, called theorems, spawned
by these axioms came to be discovered through logical reasoning.

What is Mathematics?
Mathematics has no universally accepted definition (Tobies, 2012) we shall quote some
definitions proposed by famous mathematicians.
Table 1.2 Some Definitions of Mathematics

a. The term MATHEMATICS is derived from two Greek words

“manthanein” which means learning and “techne” an art of technique.
Therefore, mathematics means the art of learning related to
disciplines.
b. Mathematics is defined as the science of quantity. Aristotle (384-322
BCE)
c. It is the science of indirect measurement. Auguste Comte (1798-
1857)
d. Mathematics is a science that draws necessary conclusions.
Benjamin Pierce (1809-1880)
e. All mathematics is symbolic logic. Bertrand Russel (1872-1970)

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 NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
1. MATHEMATICS IS A SCIENCE OF DISCOVERY
Mathematics give an easy and early opportunity to make independent discoveries.
It is the discovery of relationships and the expression of those relationships in
symbolic form.
2. MATHEMATICS IS AN INTELLECTUAL GAME
Mathematics is mainly a matter of puzzles, paradoxes, and problem solving.
3. MATHEMATICS IS A TOOL SUBJECT
Mathematics has its integrity, its beauty, its structure and many other features
that relate to mathematics as an end in itself.
4. MATHEMATICS INVOLVES AN INTUITIVE METHOD
The first step in the learning of any mathematical subject is the development of
intuition. This must come before rules are stated or formal operations are
introduced.
5. MATHEMATICS HAS ITS OWN LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS
The language for communication of mathematical ideas is largely in terms of
symbols and words which everybody cannot understand.
6. MATHEMATICS IS AN ABSTRACT SCIENCE
Mathematical concepts are abstract in the sense that they cannot be seen or felt
in the physical world.
7. MATHEMATICS IS LOGIC
Logic is an important factor in mathematics; it governs the pattern of deductive
proof through which mathematics is developed.
8. MATHEMATICS DEALS WITH ART OF DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
In mathematics the conclusions are certain and definite. Therefore, the learner can
check the correct solutions.

NEEDS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LEARNING MATHEMATICS

• Mathematics learning helps to apply mathematical concepts and the

theorems to new situations.
• Mathematics provides a clear understanding of laws of nature.
• Mathematics helps in clear understanding of the culture and development
of our civilization.

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 11
 • Mathematics learning helps to think alternative methods of solving
problems.
• Mathematics provides a framework for solving problems.
• Mathematics is a powerful tool in the hands of the learners
• Mathematics learning helps in a better understanding of the world around
us.

VALUES OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS

• Develops the power to generalize and classify
• Develops the habit of self-study
• Helps students to assume responsibility for his own work
• Develops constructive imagination
• Cultivates the power of attention and concentration
• Inculcates habits of neatness and accuracy

Activity 1.1
Direction: Answer the following questions.
1-2. These are the two Greek words where the term mathematics is derived.
3. It is one of the natures of mathematics where it gives an easy & early opportunity to
make independent discoveries.
4. What nature of mathematics states that mathematics has its integrity, its beauty, its
structure and many other features that relate to Mathematics as an end in itself?
5. The first step in learning of any mathematical subject is the development of
______________.
6.The language for communication of mathematical ideas is largely in terms of _______
and words which everybody cannot understand.
7. It is an important factor in mathematics, it governs the pattern of deductive proof.
8-10. Give 3 examples of intellectual games.
11-20. Discuss the importance of studying mathematics.

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 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World

In the general sense of the world, patterns are regular, repeated or recurring forms or
designs. We see patterns everyday- from the layout of floor tiles, designs of skyscrapers,
to the way we tie our shoelaces.

Mathematics and Patterns

On top of the early human’s need a describe quantity, they also needed a language to
describe and predict patterns in nature. The Ishango bone, for example, was an early
mathematical exercise to count the cycle of lunar phases as they relate to
the menstrual cycle of adult women.
What reason compelled ancient people of Ishango to track the menstruation cycle? We
cannot ever answer this with complete satisfaction, but we can make intelligent guesses
based on our observations of people’s cultural beliefs about menstruation in present day
societies.
US and UK, for example, women during their period are observed to be irritable, and so
it pays never to cross them during their period. Bears roaming the temperate forests of
these places have a keen nose for blood, and so it is prudent for women never to enter
the forest during menstruation. In Poland, to have sex with a woman in her period is sure
to kill the man. In the Philippines, women are advised never to take a bath because taking
a bath during one’s period causes infertility.
The ancient people of Ishango probably have more strange beliefs about menstruation,
possibly even stranger than our superstitions, and so, it pays to track the menstruation
cycle of women.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

Pattern Description
Honeycomb

Nest built by bees. It is made from

beeswax, and is composed of cells in
the shape of hexagon, sometimes
pentagon or heptagon.

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 Snowflake
A feathery snow crystal which
nucleated from dust particles
suspended in the atmosphere.
Molecules in ice crystals join to form
hexagonal structure, which is then
repeated as the crystal accumulate
more crystals and grow in size.

Tiger Stripes
The stripes on the tiger are, in general,
evenly spaced and perpendicular to the
spine. The stripes help with
camouflage, they allow the tiger to
blend with its environment.

Hyena’s spots

The spots of hyenas are shaped and

distributed in a pattern that helps also
with camouflage.

sunflower

A sunflower displays many patterns,

the most prominent among them are
intersecting families of spirals.

Snail’s shell

The snail’s shell has the shape of a

spiral. The radius of the shell increases
in length as the mollusk grow inside the
shell.

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 Flower’s Petal

The number of petals of a flower are

observed to follow the following pattern:
3,5,8,13…. Which are numbers found
in Fibonacci Sequence.

Weather Patterns
Weather is observed to repeat a pattern
for days, weeks, or months after which
is a new weather is sets in. this
sequence of weather patterns
produces a cycle, such as, dry
monsoon seasons, summer-autumn-
winter-spring seasons, habagat-
amihan wind patterns etc.

Human Populations The demographic distribution of people

in human populations is observed to
follow a pattern. Poor nations display a
pyramid shaped demography with the
young occupying a prominently large
section of the population. But as a
nation progresses economically, the
base thins out in favor of the older
segments of the population.

Human Productivity Human productivity in many

organizations is observed to follow the
80:20 percent rule. Twenty percent of
the members produce 80% of the
organization’s total output. For
example, in a complete line up of 15
players in a basketball team, 3 players
make 80% of the team’s total points in
a game. In a sales force of 50 agents
who made 1 million pesos total sales,
0.8 million pesos was brought in by 10
agents. The rest managed to bring only
0.2 million pesos.

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Application of Population Growth
Examples:
1. The exponential growth model A = 50𝑒 0.07𝑡 describe the population of a city in the
Philippines in thousands, t years after 19997.
Where: e = 2.72
Solution:
A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡
A = 50(2.72)0.07𝑡
A = 50(2.72)0.07(20)
A = 50(2.72)1.4
A = 50 (4.059)
A = 203, 000 (In thousands)
2. What is the population in 2037?
Solution:
A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

A = 50(2.72)0.07 (40)
A = 50(2.72)2.8
A = 50 (16.474)
A = 824, 000 (In thousands)
Activity 1.2
A. Direction: Determine what comes next in the given pattern.
1. 125,159, 95, 129, ____
2. A, E, I ____
3. 9, 18, 54 ____
4. BIJ, CHK, DGL, ____
5. 1/5, __, 4/5, 8/5
6. Z, W, T, Q _____
7. O, L, H, E, ____
8. 6, 12, 24, _______96
9. 1200, 24/5, 12/625, _____
10. C, F, L, ________

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 B. Direction: Substitute the given values in the formula (A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 ) to find the
missing quantity. Final answer should be WHOLE NUMBERS. (e = 2.72) See
given examples above.

Given:

1. P = 720,000 r = 10% per year t= 15 years

2. P = 3,200,000 r = 5% per year t = 10 years

3. A = 110,000 r = 25% per year t = 12 year

4. A= 20,000 r = 5% per year t =5years

5. P= 250,000 r= 12% per year t = 18 years

THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

What is a sequence?
A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms, that may have repeated
values. The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule.
Example 1: Generating a Sequence
Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.
a. 1, 10, 100, 1000
b. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20

Solution:

a. Looking at the set of numbers, it can be observed that each term is a power of
10:1 = 100 , 10 =101 , 100 = 102 , 1,000 = 103 . Following this rule, the next three
terms are: 104 = 10, 000, 105 = 100,000, 106 = 1,000,000.
b. The difference between the first and second terms (2 and 5) is 3. The difference
between the second and third terms (5 and 9) is 4. The difference between the 3rd
and 4th terms (9 and 14) is 5. The difference between the 4th and 5th terms is 6.

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 17
 Following this rule, it can be deduced that to obtain the next three terms, we
should add 7, 8, 9, respectively, to the current term. Hence, the next three terms
are 20+7 = 27, 27+8 = 35, 35 + 9 = 44.

The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers that follow a unique integer sequence.
These numbers generate mathematical patterns that can be found in all aspects of life.
The patterns can be seen in everything from the human body to the physiology of plants
and animals.
The Fibonacci sequence is derived from the Fibonacci numbers. The Fibonacci
numbers are as follows:
0,1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144… and so on.
These numbers are obtained by adding the two previous numbers in the sequence to
obtain the next higher number.
Example: 1+1 = 2, 2+3 = 5, 5+8 = 13…

The formula is: Fn = Fn-1 +Fn-2

Every 3rd number is even and the difference between each number is .618 with the
reciprocal of 1.618. These numbers are known as the “Golden Ratio” or “Golden Mean”
The exact origination of the Fibonacci sequence is unknown. It is believed that
contributions to the theory began in 200 BC by Indian mathematicians whose studies
were based on Sanskirt Prosody. The sequence was introduced to Western European
mathematics in 1202 by Leonardo of Pisa, aka “Fibonacci”. His study of the sequence
began with the breeding the patterns of rabbits. In which he found rabbit generations
duplicated in accordance with the Fibonacci numbers.

Activity 1.3
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What is Fibonacci sequence and how it is obtained?
2. Where did the study of sequence begin?
3. Who introduced the numbers to Western European mathematics?
4. What is a golden ratio/ golden mean and how it is related to the Fibonacci
Sequence?

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 B. Direction: Let Fib (n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence, with Fib (1) =1,
Fib (2) = 1, Fib (3) = 2, and so on.
1. Find Fib (8) =
2. Find Fib (19) =
3. If Fib (22) = 17,711 and Fib (24) = 46, 368, what is Fib (23)?
4. Evaluate the following sums:
a. Fib (1) +Fib (2) =
b. Fib (1) +Fib (2) + Fib (3) =
c. Fib (1) +Fib (2) + Fib (3) + Fib (4) =

USES OF MATHEMATICS IN OUR DAILY LFE

Visit this YouTube video: Decoding the Secret Patterns of Nature-Fibonacci ratio & Pi-
Full Documentary (https://youtu.be/lXyCRP871Vl)
PRACTICAL USES OF MATHEMATICS
A. Mathematics helps organize patterns in the world.
B. Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and many phenomena.
C. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own
good.
D. Mathematics has applications in many human endeavors.

COOKING
When we cook, we need to measure the ingredients in terms
of tablespoons, teaspoons, ounce, gram, kilograms etc.
Messing up with the measurements can result in disastrous
meals.

DIET
People who are overweight need to be conscious of their
calorie intake. Especially if they are on special weight loss, diet
knowledge of math is needed to calculate the total amount of
calories consumed in a day.

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 19
 BANKING
Banking is probably the one place where math is used
more than anywhere else. No one without basic
knowledge about math can’t do anything in a bank.

ARTS
Math is also used by artists while making paintings,
designing collages as well as during dance performances.
In all these cases the size of the stage, etc play a very
important role and deciding all these aspects is literally
impossible without the knowledge of math.

SHOPPING
This is probably the most common use of math in which we
make a list of things. We need to buy as well as make
payments in the end.

GARDENING
For planning to sow seeds count the number of plants
everything requires numbers. All tasks carried out inside
a garden require proper measurements.

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 20
 Activity 1.4
Essay Question:
Discuss the application of mathematics in your daily life. Cite some concrete examples.
(at least 250 words) Use another sheet for your answer.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY WRITING

CATEGORY 10 7 4 2

Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates

Mathematical complete adequate partial unsatisfactory
Correctness understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of
the mathematical the mathematical the mathematical the mathematical
concept. (No concept concept. (6-10 concept. (11 or
errors) (2 or 5 errors) errors) more errors)
Skillful & accurate Adequate & Vague and / or Ineffective and / or
Vocabulary vocabulary appropriate weak vocabulary incorrect
vocabulary vocabulary
Writing is easy to Writing is Writing is Writing is
follow with only generally easy to generally easy to generally easy to
one reading. follow with only follow with only follow with only
✓ Clear & one reading. one reading. one reading.
logical idea ✓ Adequate idea ✓ Weak idea ✓ Little to no idea
Organization progression progression progression progression
and Fluency ✓ Effective ✓ Adequate ✓ Ineffective ✓ Incorrect or no
✓ Skillfully fluent transitions transition transitions
sentences ✓ Fluent ✓ Choppy or run- ✓ Incomplete
sentences on sentences sentences

Meaning of writing Meaning of writing Meaning of writing Meaning of writing

is very clear with is mostly clear is interrupted with is constantly
Grammar only one reading. with only one only one reading. disrupted with
Generally free of reading. Some Accumulation of only one reading.
most errors errors errors Pervasive errors

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 21
 RESOURCES Printed:
1. Aufmann, Richard, et.al. 2018. Mathematics in the Modern
World, Philippine edition. Rex Bookstore.
2. Reyes, Juan Apolinario. 2018. Mathematics in the Modern
World. Unlimited Books Librsry Services & Publishing.
3. Sirug, Winston . 2018. Mathematics in the Modern World.
Mindshapers Co.,INC.
4. Merlita Castillo Medallon, Ed. D, et.al. 2018. Mathematics in
the Modern World.
Online References:
1. “The Language of Mathematics PPT Presentation”
https://www.slideserve.com/corby/the-language-of-
mathematics
2.https://mathnature.com/chapter-3/section-3-1-deductive-
reasoning/
3.“Thinking Reasoning & Problem Solving (Human
Behavior) “Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/zohebchana/thinking-reasoning-
problem-solving-human-behavior.
4.http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/secret/secret.html

Videos
1. Decoding the Secret Patterns of Nature-Fibonacci ratio
& Pi-Full Documentary (https://youtu.be/lXyCRP871Vl)

GE-MMW (Mathematics in the Modern World) Azarcon, CJ, Juralbar, M. & Orcejola, M./ Page 22