Sensors: Displacement sensors, Force sensors, Ultrasonic sensors, Temperature sensors, Pressure
sensors etc
Actuators: Dc motors, Servo motors, Stepper motors, Piezo electric actuators, Pneumatic actuators
etc.
Signal Conditioning: Filtering, Amplifying, Isolation, ADC, DAC, Sensor protection circuits, Signal
transmission and noise suppression, Estimation of errors and calibration.
Controller tuning:
PI controller, PD controller, PID controller and tuning methods: Ziegler-Nichols tuning method, Cohen
coon tuning method, Implementation of PID controllers (digital and analog).
Automation:
PLC (Programmable logic controllers): Overview, operation and architecture, PLC programming,
Application examples.
DCS (Distributed control systems): Overview, Advantages, Functional requirements of Distributed
control systems, Communication for distributed control, Application examples.
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition): Introduction to SCADA, SCADA system
components, architecture and communication, SCADA applications.
Advanced control techniques: Feed forward control, Ratio control, Cascade control, Adaptive control,
Duplex or split range control, Override control, internal mode control.