MMW LESSON 4
Mathematics as a Tool
LEARNING GOAL
• Recognize the different types
and classification of data
• Classify and characterize data
• Use variety of statistical tools to
process and manage numerical
data
STATISTICS
study of data
• branch of applied Mathematics
that deals with gathering,
organizing, presenting, analyzing
and interpreting the collected
data
STATISTICS
Branches of Statistics:
A. Descriptive Statistics → involves collecting, organizing,
describing, summarizing and presenting gathered data in a
meaningful and informative way
B. Inferential Statistics → process of drawing conclusion and
making decision on the population based on evidence obtained
from a sample.
Data
are the quantities or qualities measured or observed that are to be collected and/or analyzed
Nominal consists of finite set of possible values having no particular order
Ordinal set of possible values having a specific order
data that are ranked and makes sense of difference;
Interval no starting point for this level of measurement
does not include those characteristics of interval;
Ratio
starts at the 0 value; highest level
Data
Categories of Data
Categorical: nominal and ordinal; use non-parametic statistics
Continuous: interval and ratio; use parametic statistics
Variable
a property that can take on different values or categories w/c cannot be predicted
Independent explanatory variable; may be continuous, nominal or ordinal
Dependent Y variable; also called response variable
Control Z variable; constant
Variable
Quantitative → can be measured and ordered according to quantity
Qualitative → used as labels to distinguish one group from another
Try These!
Identify Quantitative or Qualitative Data for each of the following statements
1. Kevin Durant is 7 feet tall.
2. The prevalent skin color of Filipino is brown.
3. The cities in the NCR are Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, and Malabon.
4. The freshmen college students are very anxious for the final examination.
5. Two of the smartest in our class were elected president and vice president respectively.
Presentation of Data
data gathered shall be presented, analyzed and interpreted
• TEXTUAL – uses statements with
numerals in expository form
• TABULAR – uses statistical table
to display quantities or values
• GRAPHICAL – illustrates data in
the form of graphs
LINE GRAPH
best for quantitative bivariate data
• Shows trends over time
• Can use more than one on the
same graph to compare data sets
• Good for small amounts of data
HISTOGRAM
best for quantitative univariate data
• Counts how many times data
occurs between set ranges
• Good for large amounts of data
CIRCLE GRAPH
• A pie chart is a circular statistical
graphic which is divided into slices to
illustrate numerical proportion.
• In a pie chart, the arc length of each
slice is proportional to the quantity it
represents.
PICTOGRAPH
• a chart that uses images or icons to
represent data.
• to create a pictograph, you collect
data and then create a key that shows
what each picture represents. The
larger the data set, the more each
picture will represent.
• Pictographs can be displayed either
horizontally or vertically
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean
Median
Mode
MEAN – UNGROUPED DATA
Jeffrey has been working on programming and updating a web site for his company
for the past 24 months. The following numbers represent the number of hours
Jeffrey has worked on this web site for each of the past 7 months: 24, 25, 31, 50,
53, 66, 78. What is the mean number of hours that Jeffrey worked on this web site
each month?
MEAN – UNGROUPED DATA
The following are Marivic’s scores in Statistics quizzes during the half of the second
semester: 70, 72, 77, 78, 86, 84 and 79.
MEAN – UNGROUPED DATA
There are 1 000 notebooks sold at Php10 each; 500 notebooks at Php20 each; 500
notebooks at Php25 each and 100 notebooks at Php30 each. Computed the
weighted mean.
MEDIAN – UNGROUPED DATA
Find the median of the following prices: Php50, Php55, Php60, Php65, Php35,
Php48.
MEDIAN – UNGROUPED DATA
Find the median of the following weights in kilos: 101, 107, 115, 120, 111, 120
MODE – UNGROUPED DATA
Find the mode of the following discounts: 4%, 7%, 7%, 7%, 8%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 11%,
13%
