Introduction to Management and
Organizations
Who is a Manager? Who is a leader? Who are you?
Manager
Someone who coordinates and
oversees the work of other people
so that organizational goals can be
accomplished.
Classification of Managers
(Supervisors, shift
Individuals who manage managers, district
First-line Managers the work of non-managerial management, department Middle Managers
employees managers or office
managers)
Individuals who are
responsible for making
Individuals who manage (Regional Manager, Project
organization-wide decisions
the work of first-line Leader, Store Manager or Top Managers
and establishing plans and
managers division manager)
goals that affect the entire
organization
( Executive Vice President,
President, Managing
Director, Chief Operating
Officer or Chief Executive
Officer)
Managerial Levels
Top
Managers
Middle Managers
First-line Managers
Non-managerial employees
What is
Management?
Management involves coordinating and
overseeing the work activities of others so
that their activities are completed
efficiently and effectively
Managerial Concerns
Efficiency - Doing things right
• Efficiency refers to getting the most output from
the least amount of inputs
• Inputs- resources such of people , money and
equipment- efficient use of these resources.
Minimizing the wastage and maximizing the
output.
Effectiveness – doing the right things /in right way
• Attaining organizational goals
Efficiency Vs Effectiveness in Management
Efficiency (Means) Effectiveness ( Ends)
Resource Usage Goal Attainment
Low wastage High Attainment
Management strives for:
Low Resource Waste (high efficiency)
High Goal Attainment (High
effectiveness)
What Managers Do?
Three Approaches to Defining What Managers Do
Functions they perform
Roles they play
skills they need
What Managers Do?
Functions of
Management
• Planning – Defining goals, establishing
strategies to achieve goals, developing
plans to integrate and coordinate
activities.
• Organizing – arranging and structuring
work to accomplish organizational goals.
• Leading – Working with and through
people to accomplish goals.
• Controlling- monitoring, comparing, and
correcting work.
What Managers Do?
Roles Managers’ Play
• Roles are specific actions or behaviors
expected of a manager.
• Mintzberg identified 10 roles grouped around
interpersonal relationships, the transfer of
information, and decision making.
What Managers Do?
Management Roles ( Mintzberg)
Interpersonal Informational Roles Decisional
Roles
Figurehead Monitor Entrepreneur
Leader Disseminator Disturbance Handler
Liaison Spokesperson Resource Allocator
Negotiator
What Managers Do?
Skills Managers Need
• Technical Skills – Knowledge and proficiency in a
specific field
• Human Skills – The ability to work well with other
people
• Conceptual Skills – the ability to think and
conceptualize about abstract and complex
situations concerning the organisation
Skills Needed at Different Management Levels
What is an
Organisation?
• An Organisation Defined
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some
specific purpose (that individuals independently could not
accomplish alone)
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
Have a distinct purpose (goal)
Composed of people
Have a deliberate structure
Characteristics of Organizations
Distinct Deliberate
Purpose Structure
People
Why Study Management?
The Value of Studying
Management
The universality of • Good management is needed in all organizations
management
The reality of work • Employees either manage or are managed
Rewards and challenges • Management offers challenging, exciting and creative opportunities for
meaningful and fulfilling work.
of being a manager • Successful managers receive significant monetary rewards for their efforts.
Universal Need for Management
Rewards and Challenges of Being a Manager
Rewards:
Creates a work environment in which organizational members can work to
the best of their ability
Have opportunities to think creatively and use imagination
Help others find meaning and fulfillment in work
Support, coach, and nurture others
Receive recognition and status in organization and community
Play a role in influencing organizational outcomes
Receive appropriate compensation in form of salaries, bonuses, and stock
options
Good managers are needed by organizations
Challenges
Do hard work
May have duties that are more clerical than managerial
Have to deal with a variety of personalities often have to make do
with limited resources
Motivate workers in chaotic and uncertain situations
Blend knowledge, skills, ambitions, and experiences of a diverse work
group
Success depends on others’ work performance
THANK YOU
