ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 13:Computing Research Project

Submission date 10/10/2023 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Nguyen Dinh Cao Student ID BH00111

Class IT0501 Assessor name Dinh Van Dong

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand
that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Cao

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2
 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

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 Contents
I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 7
II. PRODUCE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL THAT CLEARLY DEFINES A RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS
SUPPORTED BY A LITERATURE REVIEW(P1). ......................................................................................... 7
1.1. Research Topic .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.2. Project Type: ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.3. Abstracts ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4. Situation.................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5. Define the main aims and objectives of the project: ................................................................... 8
1.5.1. Aims:................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.2. Objectives: .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.6. Project Plan ............................................................................................................................... 9
III. EXAMINE APPROPRIATE RESEARCH METHODS AND APPROACHES TO PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
RESEARCH(P2). .................................................................................................................................. 12
2. Research Methods ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.1. Primary Research..................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1. Types of primary research ................................................................................................. 13
2.1.2. Advantages of Primary Research ....................................................................................... 14
2.1.3. Disadvantages of Primary Research ................................................................................... 14
2.2. Secondary Research ................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.1. Here are the steps involved in conducting secondary research: .......................................... 15
2.2.2. Advantages of Secondary Research.................................................................................... 16
2.2.3. Disadvantages of Secondary Research ............................................................................... 16
2.3. Compare Primary Research With Secondary Research .............................................................. 16
2.4. Qualitative Research................................................................................................................ 17
2.4.1. Qualitative research methods ............................................................................................ 17
2.4.2. Qualitative data analysis ................................................................................................... 17
2.4.3. Advantages of qualitative research .................................................................................... 18
2.4.4. Disadvantages of qualitative research ............................................................................... 18
2.5. Quantitative research .............................................................................................................. 19
 2.5.1. Quantitative research methods ......................................................................................... 19
2.5.2. Quantitative data analysis ................................................................................................. 19
2.5.3. Advantages of quantitative research ................................................................................. 20
2.5.4. Disadvantages of quantitative research ............................................................................. 20
2.6. Compare Qualitative With Quantitative ................................................................................... 20
2.7. Scientific method..................................................................................................................... 21
2.7.1. The scientific method in technology and computers........................................................... 22
2.7.2. Steps of the scientific method ........................................................................................... 22
2.8.Research process ...................................................................................................................... 23
2.8.1. Step .................................................................................................................................. 23
2.9. Population In Research ............................................................................................................ 26
2.9.1. Collecting data from a population ...................................................................................... 27
IV. EVALUATE DIFFERENT RESEARCH APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGY AND MAKE JUSTIFICATIONS
FOR THE CHOICE OF METHODS SELECTED BASED ON PHILOSOPHICAL/THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORKS(M1). .......................................................................................................................... 27
3.1. Quantitative Surveys: .............................................................................................................. 28
3.2. Qualitative Interviews: ............................................................................................................ 28
3.3. Content Analysis: ..................................................................................................................... 28
3.4. Justifications for the Chosen Methods: .................................................................................... 28
V. CONDUCT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESEARCH USING APPROPRIATE METHODS FOR A
COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT THAT CONSIDER COSTS, ACCESS, AND ETHICAL ISSUES(P3). ............ 29
4.1. Secondary research: ................................................................................................................ 29
4.1.1. Sources: ............................................................................................................................ 30
4.1.2. Interpretation and implications of the findings: ................................................................. 34
4.2. Primary research: .................................................................................................................... 35
4.2.1. Interview........................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.2. Survey ............................................................................................................................... 38
VI. APPLY APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL TOOLS, ANALYSE RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DATA(P4). ............ 40
5.1. Interview ................................................................................................................................. 40
5.1.1. Interview 1 ........................................................................................................................ 40
 5.1.2. Interview 2 ........................................................................................................................ 41
5.1.3. Interview 3 ........................................................................................................................ 42
5.1.4. Interview 4 ........................................................................................................................ 43
5.1.5. Interview 5 ........................................................................................................................ 44
5.2. Interview summary: ................................................................................................................ 45
5.3. Survey. .................................................................................................................................... 47
5.4. Survey summary ...................................................................................................................... 56
5.5. Analyze the results of the primary research ............................................................................. 57
VII. DISCUSS MERITS, LIMITATIONS, AND PITFALLS OF APPROACHES TO DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS(M2). .................................................................................................................................. 59
6.1. Quantitative Approach: ........................................................................................................... 59
6.2. Qualitative Methods: ............................................................................................................... 60
6.3. Content Analysis: ..................................................................................................................... 60
6.4. Mixed-Methods Approach: ...................................................................................................... 61
VIII. COMMUNICATE RESEARCH OUTCOMES IN AN APPROPRIATE MANNER FOR THE INTENDED
AUDIENCE (P5). ................................................................................................................................. 62
7.1. Conclusion: .............................................................................................................................. 62
7.2. Recommendations:.................................................................................................................. 63
IX. COHERENTLY AND LOGICALLY COMMUNICATE OUTCOMES TO THE INTENDED AUDIENCE
DEMONSTRATING HOW OUTCOMES MEET SET RESEARCH OBJECTIVES(M3). ...................................... 63
8.1. Research Objectives: ............................................................................................................... 64
8.2. Communication of Outcomes:.................................................................................................. 64
8.3. Logical Conclusion: .................................................................................................................. 66
8.4. Audience Engagement: ............................................................................................................ 66
X. Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 66
9.1. Research Proposal Form .......................................................................................................... 66
XI. Ethical form .................................................................................................................................. 70
XII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 74
XIII. REFERENCES. .............................................................................................................................. 74
 Figure

Figure 1 work breakdown structure ................................................................................................... 12

Figure 2 Primary Research ................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 3 Secondary Research.............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 4 Quantitative research ........................................................................................................... 19
Figure 5 Scientific method.................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 6 Research process steps ......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 7 Population In Research ......................................................................................................... 27
I. INTRODUCTION
The concept of Big Data has evolved significantly over the past decade, encompassing vast volumes
of data generated from diverse sources that require computational processing. This data can be
structured, unstructured, or semi-structured, and it is crucial in various industries. Machine learning and
data science have emerged to analyze and extract insights from this data. Big Data offers organizations the
opportunity to gain a comprehensive understanding of global trends, make informed decisions, identify
risks, and innovate. However, its rapid growth has raised concerns about security, ethics, and
sustainability.

The theme, "Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Data Storage
Models," explores the challenges and opportunities presented by Big Data. It examines the environmental
consequences of data storage models, the quest for alternative materials, and the need for responsible
data handling. This theme invites prospective computing professionals and data scientists to investigate
Big Data's applications, benefits, limitations, and the solutions required to address its complexities.

I will craft a robust research proposal, underpinned by a well-structured research question or

hypothesis and substantiated by an extensive literature review (P1). Evaluating suitable research methods
and approaches, I will account for factors like cost, accessibility, and ethical considerations for both
primary and secondary research endeavors (P2). My research journey will involve conducting primary and
secondary research, thoughtfully addressing cost implications, access challenges, and ethical concerns
(P3). To analyze my findings rigorously, I will apply appropriate analytical tools (P4) and subsequently
communicate the research outcomes effectively to the intended audience, demonstrating their alignment
with the research objectives (P5). Moreover, I will critically assess various research approaches and
methodologies, justifying my choices based on relevant philosophical and theoretical frameworks (M1).
Additionally, I will delve into the merits, limitations, and potential pitfalls associated with data collection
and analysis approaches, offering a comprehensive evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses (M2).
Ultimately, I will present my research outcomes coherently and logically, ensuring they resonate with the
predefined research objectives (M3).

II. PRODUCE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL THAT CLEARLY DEFINES A RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS
SUPPORTED BY A LITERATURE REVIEW(P1).
1.1. Research Topic
"Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models"

1.2. Project Type:

Research and Analysis
1.3. Abstracts
The rapid growth of digital data storage and processing in the modern era has brought to light the
environmental challenges posed by data storage models. This research delves into the adverse
environmental impacts of data storage models, such as data centers and cloud computing, and explores
the potential for discovering and utilizing alternative materials and practices to mitigate these impacts.
The study investigates the energy consumption, resource utilization, and climate effects associated with
data storage, offering insights into the environmental toll of big data. Moreover, it examines alternative
resource sources, including renewable energy and eco-friendly materials, to reduce the ecological
footprint of data storage. Strategies and policies to promote sustainability in data storage are also
explored. Through digital modeling and cost-benefit analysis, this research estimates the potential
environmental benefits and economic advantages of adopting alternative measures in data storage. The
findings aim to provide a foundation for developing environmentally responsible data storage solutions in
the age of big data.

1.4. Situation
The situation revolves around the pressing issue of environmental impacts associated with data
storage models and the urgent need to explore alternative materials and practices to mitigate these
effects. As the digital age continues to advance, the demand for data storage and processing has surged
exponentially. This surge has led to a proliferation of data centers, cloud computing infrastructure, and
large-scale data storage facilities. While these technological advancements have brought about
tremendous benefits, they have also raised significant environmental concerns. Data storage models,
including data centers and cloud systems, consume substantial amounts of energy, contribute to resource
depletion, and release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These environmental impacts pose a threat
to the delicate balance of our ecosystem and exacerbate climate change issues.

In response to these concerns, this situation calls for comprehensive research and action to address
the environmental impacts of data storage models. Researchers and policymakers must explore
alternative materials, energy sources, and sustainable practices to reduce the ecological footprint of data
storage. By addressing this situation, we can work towards more environmentally responsible and
sustainable data storage solutions that align with our evolving technological landscape while preserving
our planet for future generations.

1.5. Define the main aims and objectives of the project:

The main aims and objectives of the project, "Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative
Materials in Big Data Storage Models".

1.5.1. Aims:
 The main aim of the research on "Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials
in Big Data Storage Models" is to assess the environmental impacts associated with current big data
storage models and explore sustainable alternative materials and practices.

1.5.2. Objectives:

1. Assess the environmental impacts associated with current big data storage models and
technologies.

2. Identify the key challenges and limitations of existing data storage materials in terms of
sustainability and environmental concerns.

3. Explore and evaluate alternative materials and technologies for big data storage that are
environmentally friendly and sustainable.

4. Analyze the potential benefits and drawbacks of adopting alternative materials in big data storage
models.

5. Propose recommendations and guidelines for the adoption of sustainable materials and practices
in the field of big data storage.

These main objectives provide a clear direction for the research to investigate the environmental
implications of big data storage and search for sustainable alternatives to conventional materials and
practices.

1.6. Project Plan

Project Duration: 5th September 2023 to 10th October 2023

Phase 1: Research Initiation (5th September - 10th September 2023)

1. Choose Research Topic (5th September - 7th September)

 Define the research topic and objectives.

 Identify key research questions.

2. Write Research Proposal Form (8th September)

 Develop a comprehensive research proposal.

 Include the research question, objectives, and initial literature review.

3. Complete Research Proposal Form Draft (9th September - 10th September)

 Draft the research proposal form.

  Review and refine the draft for clarity and coherence.

Phase 2: Proposal Review and Planning (11th September - 17th September 2023)

4. Milestone 1: Receive Tutor Feedback on Research Proposal Form and Make Revisions (11th
September - 14th September)

 Submit the research proposal for review.

 Make revisions based on feedback.

5. Project Planning (15th September - 17th September)

 Develop a detailed project plan.

 Define tasks, responsibilities, and timelines for each project phase.

Phase 3: Literature Review and Planning (18th September - 25th September 2023)

6. Literature Review (18th September - 23rd September)

 Gather relevant literature sources.

 Conduct a comprehensive literature review.

7. Check Project Progress: Research Proposal, Plan, Literature Review (24th September - 25th
September)

 Ensure the alignment of the research proposal, project plan, and literature review.

Phase 4: Data Collection and Analysis (26th September - 3rd October 2023)

8. Milestone 2: Receive Tutor Feedback on Literature Reviews (26th September - 29th September)

 Submit the literature review for review.

 Incorporate feedback for improvement.

9. Milestone 3: Conduct Qualitative and Quantitative Research (30th September - 3rd October)

 Initiate qualitative and quantitative research methods.

 Collect data from primary and secondary sources.

Phase 5: Primary Research and Submission (4th October - 10th October 2023)

10. Primary Research (4th October - 6th October)

  Conduct primary research (e.g., surveys, interviews).

 Gather data from participants.

11. Milestone 4: Analyze Research Results and Data (7th October - 8th October)

 Analyze the collected data.

 Draw conclusions from the research results.

12. Milestone 5: Receive Tutor Feedback on Primary Research (9th October)

 Submit primary research findings for review.

 Incorporate feedback as necessary.

13. Write Assignment 1: LO1 And LO2 (10th October)

 Prepare and write the first assignment based on research findings and objectives.

14. Milestone 7: Review Assignment 1 Draft with Tutor (10th October)

 Submit the draft of Assignment 1 for review and feedback.

15. Milestone 8: Submit Assignment 1 (10th October)

 Submit the finalized Assignment 1.

 Figure 1 work breakdown structure

III. EXAMINE APPROPRIATE RESEARCH METHODS AND APPROACHES TO PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
RESEARCH(P2).

2. Research Methods
2.1. Primary Research
A type of research, wherein the research aims at acquiring new and original data by primary
sources, is known as Primary Data. As the term ‘primary’ implies ‘first and foremost’ and when it is linked
with research, it means an in-depth exploration of facts by the researcher himself and that too with the
one to one communication with the people, who know about the subject.
 Figure 2 Primary Research

It is a bit difficult to conduct primary research because it requires a lot of time, money, resources
and some prior information about the subject. With a view to getting needed information, the researcher
has to start from scratch. The research can be performed through interviews, questionnaires,
observations, etc.

2.1.1. Types of primary research

There are many ways of gathering primary research. The most suitable method will depend on the
questions you want to answer and the problem you’re trying to solve. The most common primary market
research methods are interviews, surveys, focus groups and observations.

 Interviews: Interviews take the form of a one-to-one or small group question and answer session,
which can be conducted over the phone or in a face-to-face environment. Interviews are most
useful where a large amount of information needs to be collected from a small sample of subjects.
Interviews are often used to obtain information from an expert about a specialist topic. This type
of research is highly personal, so follow-on questions can be asked to ensure clarity.
 Surveys: Surveys are most frequently conducted online using paid or free survey tools and offer a
convenient and cost-effective solution where a response is required from a larger population.
Questions are pre-written, offering the respondent little flexibility if their answer doesn’t fit
[making functionality such as skip logic essential] and response rates can be variable. The length of
a survey is a delicate balance: if a survey is too long, participants may get bored and leave the
survey incomplete. However, if the survey is short, not enough data will be collected to form a full
picture.
 Focus groups: Focus groups are used to collect data from a small group of people who are often
subject matter experts in the topic of research. Discussion is initiated between the group members
 to discover their thoughts. This method is commonly used by businesses to gain insight into niche
markets and learn about their customers.
 Observations: Observations are carried out impartially, by simply observing an event and taking
organised notes. In this method, there is no direct interaction between the researcher and the
subject. This method removes the potential bias which could be encountered during an interview
or survey as the encounters observed are genuine reactions. Observations can be carried out by
camera or by a trained observer. This method is commonly used by toy manufacturers when testing
their products on children (Surbhi S,2017).

2.1.2. Advantages of Primary Research

 One of the most important advantages is data collected is first-hand and accurate. In other words,
there is no dilution of data. Also, this research method can be customized to suit organizations’ or
businesses’ personal requirements and needs.
 Primary research focuses mainly on problem in hand, which means entire attention is directed to
find probable solution to a pinpointed subject matter. Primary research allows researchers to go in
depth of a matter and study all foreseeable options.
 Data collected can be controlled. Primary research gives a means to control how data is collected
and used. It’s up to the discretion of businesses or organizations who are collecting data how to
best make use of data to get meaningful research insights.
 Primary research is a time-tested method, therefore, one can rely on the results that are obtained
from conducting this type of research.

2.1.3. Disadvantages of Primary Research

 One of the major disadvantages of primary research is, it can be quite expensive to conduct. One
may be required to spend a huge sum of money depending on the setup or primary research
method used. Not all businesses or organizations may be able to spend a considerable amount of
money.
 This type of research can be time-consuming. Conducting interviews, sending and receiving online
surveys can be quite an exhaustive process and need investing time and patience for the process
to work. Moreover, evaluating results and applying the findings to improve product or service will
need additional time.
 Sometimes just using one primary research method may not be enough. In such cases, use of more
than one method is required and this might increase both times required to conduct research and
the cost associated with it.
2.2. Secondary Research
The research which involves analysis, interpretation and summarization of primary research, is
called secondary research. In finer terms, the research in which data is obtained from readily available
sources is secondary. As the data available is already analysed and interpreted, the researcher only needs
to figure out the data of his choice, i.e. the relevant information for the project.

Figure 3 Secondary Research

In this type of research, the researcher uses information gathered by government agencies,
associations, labour unions media sources and so on. The data assembled is primarily published in
newsletters, magazines, pamphlets, newspapers, journals, reports, encyclopaedias etc.

2.2.1. Here are the steps involved in conducting secondary research:

1. Identify the topic of research: Before beginning secondary research, identify the topic that needs
research. Once that’s done, list down the research attributes and its purpose.

2. Identify research sources: Next, narrow down on the information sources that will provide most
relevant data and information applicable to your research.

3. Collect existing data: Once the data collection sources are narrowed down, check for any
previous data that is available which is closely related to the topic. Data related to research can be
obtained from various sources like newspapers, public libraries, government and non-government
agencies etc.
 4. Combine and compare: Once data is collected, combine and compare the data for any
duplication and assemble data into a usable format. Make sure to collect data from authentic sources.
Incorrect data can hamper research severely.

5. Analyze data: Analyze collected data and identify if all questions are answered. If not, repeat the
process if there is a need to dwell further into actionable insights.

2.2.2. Advantages of Secondary Research

1. Most information in this research is readily available. There are many sources from which
relevant data can be collected and used, unlike primary research, where data needs to collect from scratch.

2. This is a less expensive and less time-consuming process as data required is easily available and
doesn’t cost much if extracted from authentic sources. A minimum expenditure is associated to obtain
data.

3. The data that is collected through secondary research gives organizations or businesses an idea
about the effectiveness of primary research. Hence, organizations or businesses can form a hypothesis
and evaluate cost of conducting primary research.

4. Secondary research is quicker to conduct because of the availability of data. It can be completed
within a few weeks depending on the objective of businesses or scale of data needed.

2.2.3. Disadvantages of Secondary Research

1. Although data is readily available, credibility evaluation must be performed to understand the
authenticity of the information available.

2. Not all secondary data resources offer the latest reports and statistics. Even when the data is
accurate, it may not be updated enough to accommodate recent timelines.

3. Secondary research derives its conclusion from collective primary research data. The success of
your research will depend, to a greater extent, on the quality of research already conducted by primary
research.

2.3. Compare Primary Research With Secondary Research

BASIS FOR
PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA
COMPARISON
Meaning Primary data refers to the first hand data Secondary data means data collected by
gathered by the researcher himself. someone else earlier.
Data Real time data Past data
BASIS FOR
PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA
COMPARISON
Process Very involved Quick and easy
Source Surveys, observations, experiments, Government publications, websites, books,
questionnaire, personal interview, etc. journal articles, internal records etc.
Cost effectiveness Expensive Economical
Collection time Long Short
Specific Always specific to the researcher's May or may not be specific to the
needs. researcher's need.
Available in Crude form Refined form
Accuracy and More Relatively less
Reliability
2.4. Qualitative Research
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or
audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a
problem or generate new ideas for research.

Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative research, which involves collecting and
analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis. Qualitative research is commonly used in the humanities
and social sciences, in subjects such as anthropology, sociology, education, health sciences, history,
etc(Surbhi S,2017).

2.4.1. Qualitative research methods

Each of the research approaches involve using one or more data collection methods. These are some
of the most common qualitative methods:

 Observations: recording what you have seen, heard, or encountered in detailed field notes.
 Interviews: personally asking people questions in one-on-one conversations.
 Focus groups: asking questions and generating discussion among a group of people.
 Surveys: distributing questionnaires with open-ended questions.
 Secondary research: collecting existing data in the form of texts, images, audio or video recordings,
etc.

2.4.2. Qualitative data analysis

 Qualitative data can take the form of texts, photos, videos and audio. For example, you might be
working with interview transcripts, survey responses, fieldnotes, or recordings from natural settings.

Most types of qualitative data analysis share the same five steps:

 Prepare and organize your data. This may mean transcribing interviews or typing up fieldnotes.
 Review and explore your data. Examine the data for patterns or repeated ideas that emerge.
 Develop a data coding system. Based on your initial ideas, establish a set of codes that you can
apply to categorize your data.
 Assign codes to the data. For example, in qualitative survey analysis, this may mean going through
each participant’s responses and tagging them with codes in a spreadsheet. As you go through your
data, you can create new codes to add to your system if necessary.
 Identify recurring themes. Link codes together into cohesive, overarching themes.

There are several specific approaches to analyzing qualitative data. Although these methods share
similar processes, they emphasize different concepts.

2.4.3. Advantages of qualitative research

 Flexibility: The data collection and analysis process can be adapted as new ideas or patterns
emerge. They are not rigidly decided beforehand.
 Natural settings: Data collection occurs in real-world contexts or in naturalistic ways.
 Meaningful insights: Detailed descriptions of people’s experiences, feelings and perceptions can
be used in designing, testing or improving systems or products.
 Generation of new ideas: Open-ended responses mean that researchers can uncover novel
problems or opportunities that they wouldn’t have thought of otherwise.

2.4.4. Disadvantages of qualitative research

 Unreliability: The real-world setting often makes qualitative research unreliable because of
uncontrolled factors that affect the data.
 Subjectivity: Due to the researcher’s primary role in analyzing and interpreting data, qualitative
research cannot be replicated. The researcher decides what is important and what is irrelevant in
data analysis, so interpretations of the same data can vary greatly.
 Limited generalizability: Small samples are often used to gather detailed data about specific
contexts. Despite rigorous analysis procedures, it is difficult to draw generalizable conclusions
because the data may be biased and unrepresentative of the wider population.
 Labor-intensive: Although software can be used to manage and record large amounts of text, data
analysis often has to be checked or performed manually.
2.5. Quantitative research
Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to
find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider
populations.

Figure 4 Quantitative research

Quantitative research is the opposite of qualitative research, which involves collecting and
analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio). Quantitative research is widely used in the
natural and social sciences: biology, chemistry, psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, etc.

2.5.1. Quantitative research methods

You can use quantitative research methods for descriptive, correlational or experimental research.

 In descriptive research, you simply seek an overall summary of your study variables.
 In correlational research, you investigate relationships between your study variables.
 In experimental research, you systematically examine whether there is a cause-and-effect
relationship between variables.

Correlational and experimental research can both be used to formally test hypotheses, or predictions,
using statistics. The results may be generalized to broader populations based on the sampling method
used. To collect quantitative data, you will often need to use operational definitions that translate abstract
concepts (e.g., mood) into observable and quantifiable measures (e.g., self-ratings of feelings and energy
levels).

2.5.2. Quantitative data analysis

 Once data is collected, you may need to process it before it can be analyzed. For example, survey and
test data may need to be transformed from words to numbers. Then, you can use statistical analysis to
answer your research questions.

Descriptive statistics will give you a summary of your data and include measures of averages and
variability. You can also use graphs, scatter plots and frequency tables to visualize your data and check for
any trends or outliers.

Using inferential statistics, you can make predictions or generalizations based on your data. You can
test your hypothesis or use your sample data to estimate the population parameter (Surbhi S,2017).

2.5.3. Advantages of quantitative research

 Replication: Repeating the study is possible because of standardized data collection protocols and
tangible definitions of abstract concepts.
 Direct comparisons of results: The study can be reproduced in other cultural settings, times or with
different groups of participants. Results can be compared statistically.
 Large samples: Data from large samples can be processed and analyzed using reliable and
consistent procedures through quantitative data analysis.
 Hypothesis testing: Using formalized and established hypothesis testing procedures means that
you have to carefully consider and report your research variables, predictions, data collection and
testing methods before coming to a conclusion.

2.5.4. Disadvantages of quantitative research

 Superficiality: Using precise and restrictive operational definitions may inadequately represent
complex concepts. For example, the concept of mood may be represented with just a number in
quantitative research, but explained with elaboration in qualitative research.
 Narrow focus: Predetermined variables and measurement procedures can mean that you ignore
other relevant observations.
 Structural bias: Despite standardized procedures, structural biases can still affect quantitative
research. Missing data, imprecise measurements or inappropriate sampling methods are biases
that can lead to the wrong conclusions.
 Lack of context: Quantitative research often uses unnatural settings like laboratories or fails to
consider historical and cultural contexts that may affect data collection and results.

2.6. Compare Qualitative With Quantitative

The basic differences between qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods are
simple and straightforward. They differ in:
  Their analytical objectives

 Types of questions asked

 Types of data collection instruments

 Forms of data they produce

 Degree of flexibility

Attributes Qualitative research methods Quantitative research methods

This research method focuses on Quantitative research method focuses

Analytical
describing individual experiences and on describing the characteristics of a
objectives
beliefs. population.

Types of
questions Open-ended questions Closed-ended questions
asked

Use semi-structured methods such as Use highly structured methods such as

Data collection
in-depth interviews, focus groups, structured observation
Instrument
and participant observation using questionnaires and surveys

Form of data
Descriptive data Numerical data
produced

Participant responses do not influence

Degree of Participant responses affect how and
or determine how and which questions
flexibility which questions researchers ask next
researchers ask next

2.7. Scientific method

The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and
experimentation. The basic process involves making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a
prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results. The principals of the scientific
 method can be applied in many areas, including scientific research, business and technology.

Figure 5 Scientific method

2.7.1. The scientific method in technology and computers

The scientific method is incredibly valuable in technology and related fields. It is obviously used in
research and development, but it is also useful in day-to-day operations. Because almost everything can
be quantified, testing hypotheses can be easy. Most modern computer systems are complicated and
difficult to troubleshoot. Using the scientific method of hypothesis and testing can greatly simplify the
process of tracking down errors and it can help find areas of improvement. It can also help when you
evaluate new technologies before implementation.

2.7.2. Steps of the scientific method

The scientific method uses a series of steps to establish facts or create knowledge. The overall
process is well established, but the specifics of each step may change depending on what is being
examined and who is performing it. The scientific method can only answer questions that can be proven
or disproven through testing.

 Step 1: Make an observation or ask a question. The first step is to observe something that you
would like to learn about or ask a question that you would like answered. These can be specific or
general. Some examples would be "I observe that our total available network bandwidth drops at
noon every weekday" or "How can we increase our website registration numbers?" Taking the time
to establish a well-defined question will help you in later steps.
 Step 2: Gather background information. This involves doing research into what is already known
about the topic. This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question.
  Step 3: Create a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an explanation for the observation or question. If
proven later, it can become a fact. Some examples would be "Our employees watching online
videos during lunch is using our internet bandwidth" or "Our website visitors don't see our
registration form."
 Step 4: Create a prediction and perform a test. Create a testable prediction based on the
hypothesis. The test should establish a noticeable change that can be measured or observed using
empirical analysis. It is also important to control for other variables during the test. Some examples
would be "If we block video-sharing sites, our available bandwidth will not go down significantly
during lunch" or "If we make our registration box bigger, a greater percentage of visitors will
register for our website than before the change."
 Step 5: Analyze the results and draw a conclusion. Use the metrics established before the test see
if the results match the prediction. For example, "After blocking video-sharing sites, our bandwidth
utilization only went down by 10% from before; this is not enough of a change to be the primary
cause of the network congestion" or "After increasing the size of the registration box, the percent
of sign-ups went from 2% of total page views to 5%, showing that making the box larger results in
more registrations."
 Step 6: Share the conclusion or decide what question to ask next: Document the results of your
experiment. By sharing the results with others, you also increase the total body of knowledge
available. Your experiment may have also led to other questions, or if your hypothesis is disproven
you may need to create a new one and test that. For example, "Because user activity is not the
cause of excessive bandwidth use, we now suspect that an automated process is running at noon
every day."

2.8.Research process
The research process is a set of ordered steps a researcher takes to ensure that all parts of an
investigation are completed to a high standard. Following the research process allows the researcher to
cover all angles and ensure that the information they gather is reliable and effectively presented.

2.8.1. Step
 Figure 6 Research process steps

1. Step 1: Identify the Problem

Finding an issue or formulating a research question is the first step. A well-defined research problem
will guide the researcher through all stages of the research process, from setting objectives to choosing a
technique. There are a number of approaches to get insight into a topic and gain a better understanding
of it. Such as:

 A preliminary survey
 Case studies
 Interviews with a small group of people
 Observational survey
2. Step 2: Evaluate the Literature

A thorough examination of the relevant studies is essential to the research process. It enables the
researcher to identify the precise aspects of the problem. Once a problem has been found, the investigator
or researcher needs to find out more about it. This stage gives problem-zone background. It teaches the
investigator about previous research, how they were conducted, and its conclusions. The researcher can
build consistency between his work and others through a literature review. Such a review exposes the
researcher to a more significant body of knowledge and helps him follow the research process efficiently.

3. Step 3: Create Hypotheses

 Formulating an original hypothesis is the next logical step after narrowing down the research topic
and defining it. A belief solves logical relationships between variables. In order to establish a hypothesis,
a researcher must have a certain amount of expertise in the field. It is important for researchers to keep
in mind while formulating a hypothesis that it must be based on the research topic. Researchers are able
to concentrate their efforts and stay committed to their objectives when they develop theories to guide
their work.

4. Step 4: The Research Design

Research design is the plan for achieving objectives and answering research questions. It outlines
how to get the relevant information. Its goal is to design research to test hypotheses, address the research
questions, and provide decision-making insights. The research design aims to minimize the time, money,
and effort required to acquire meaningful evidence. This plan fits into four categories:

 Exploration and Surveys

 Experiment
 Data Analysis
 Observation
5. Step 5: Describe Population

Research projects usually look at a specific group of people, facilities, or how technology is used in
the business. In research, the term population refers to this study group. The research topic and purpose
help determine the study group. Suppose a researcher wishes to investigate a certain group of people in
the community. In that case, the research could target a specific age group, males or females, a geographic
location, or an ethnic group. A final step in a study’s design is to specify its sample or population so that
the results may be generalized.

6. Step 6: Data Collection

Data collection is important in obtaining the knowledge or information required to answer the research
issue. Every research collected data, either from the literature or the people being studied. Data must be
collected from the two categories of researchers. These sources may provide primary data.

 Experiment
 Questionnaire
 Observation
 Interview

Secondary data categories are:

 Literature survey
  Official, unofficial reports
 An approach based on library resources
7. Step 7: Data Analysis

During research design, the researcher plans data analysis. After collecting data, the researcher
analyzes it. The data is examined based on the approach in this step. The research findings are reviewed
and reported. Data analysis involves a number of closely related stages, such as setting up categories,
applying these categories to raw data through coding and tabulation, and then drawing statistical
conclusions. The researcher can examine the acquired data using a variety of statistical methods.

8. Step 8: The Report-writing

After completing these steps, the researcher must prepare a report detailing his findings. The report
must be carefully composed with the following in mind:

 The Layout: On the first page, the title, date, acknowledgments, and preface should be on the
report. A table of contents should be followed by a list of tables, graphs, and charts if any.
 Introduction: It should state the research’s purpose and methods. This section should include the
study’s scope and limits.
 Summary of Findings: A non-technical summary of findings and recommendations will follow the
introduction. The findings should be summarized if they’re lengthy.
 Principal Report: The main body of the report should make sense and be broken up into sections
that are easy to understand.
 Conclusion: The researcher should restate his findings at the end of the main text. It’s the final
result.

2.9. Population In Research

A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is the specific
group that you will collect data from. The size of the sample is always less than the total size of the
population. In research, a population doesn’t always refer to people. It can mean a group containing
elements of anything you want to study, such as objects, events, organizations, countries, species,
organisms, etc.
 Figure 7 Population In Research

2.9.1. Collecting data from a population

Populations are used when your research question requires, or when you have access to, data from
every member of the population. Usually, it is only straightforward to collect data from a whole population
when it is small, accessible and cooperative. For larger and more dispersed populations, it is often difficult
or impossible to collect data from every individual. For example, every 10 years, the federal US
government aims to count every person living in the country using the US Census. This data is used to
distribute funding across the nation.

However, historically, marginalized and low-income groups have been difficult to contact, locate
and encourage participation from. Because of non-responses, the population count is incomplete and
biased towards some groups, which results in disproportionate funding across the country. In cases like
this, sampling can be used to make more precise inferences about the population.

IV. EVALUATE DIFFERENT RESEARCH APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGY AND MAKE JUSTIFICATIONS
FOR THE CHOICE OF METHODS SELECTED BASED ON PHILOSOPHICAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS(M1).
Evaluation of Research Approaches and Methodology in the Context of Environmental Impacts and
the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models

The research study on "Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data
Storage Models" necessitated a thoughtful selection of research approaches and methodologies. The aim
was to comprehensively explore a multifaceted topic while ensuring that the chosen methods were
philosophically and theoretically sound. Let's delve into each research method, its justification, and
alignment with relevant frameworks:

3.1. Quantitative Surveys:

 Methodological Choice Justification: The use of quantitative surveys was instrumental in
quantifying consumer sentiments and behaviors regarding environmental sustainability in data
storage. Structured questionnaires, Likert scales, and closed-ended questions were employed to
gather numerical data.

 Philosophical/Theoretical Framework: This method aligned with positivism, which assumes an

objective reality that can be measured and quantified. Positivism was well-suited for examining the
quantitative aspects of environmental impacts and material choices in data storage models.

3.2. Qualitative Interviews:

 Methodological Choice Justification: Qualitative interviews were employed to gain in-depth
insights from industry experts and professionals. These interviews used open-ended questions to
elicit rich, context-specific information.

 Philosophical/Theoretical Framework: The choice of qualitative interviews resonated with

constructivism and interpretivism, which emphasize understanding subjective experiences and
perspectives. Qualitative interviews allowed for an exploration of the nuanced viewpoints and
motivations of key stakeholders in data storage sustainability.

3.3. Content Analysis:

 Methodological Choice Justification: Content analysis played a pivotal role in systematically
analyzing and synthesizing textual data from academic literature, industry reports, and online
resources.

 Philosophical/Theoretical Framework: Content analysis found its foundation in pragmatism, which

emphasizes the practical utility of research findings. Pragmatism was an apt fit for the study's goal
of extracting actionable insights from existing texts.

3.4. Justifications for the Chosen Methods:

 Quantitative Surveys: The selection of quantitative surveys was driven by the need to quantify
consumer attitudes and behaviors regarding environmental impacts in data storage. This method
facilitated rigorous statistical analysis, enabling the identification of trends, patterns, and
correlations among variables. The structured approach of surveys ensured a systematic and
comprehensive understanding of consumer perspectives.

 Qualitative Interviews: Qualitative interviews were indispensable for capturing the nuanced and
context-specific insights of industry experts and professionals. These interviews provided a
 platform for participants to express their subjective viewpoints and elaborate on intricate issues.
The choice of qualitative interviews aligned with the interpretivist and constructivist foundations,
making it ideal for uncovering the multifaceted dimensions of data storage sustainability.

 Content Analysis: Content analysis, guided by pragmatism, offered a systematic method to review
and synthesize extensive textual data from diverse sources. This approach was particularly valuable
for synthesizing information from academic literature and industry reports. Pragmatism's emphasis
on practical utility was instrumental in extracting actionable insights from existing texts.

In summary, the research methods chosen for this study were carefully aligned with the philosophical
and theoretical underpinnings that best suited each method's purpose. This deliberate selection facilitated
a comprehensive investigation of environmental impacts and the quest for alternative materials in big data
storage models. By encompassing quantitative, qualitative, and textual data, the study provided a holistic
understanding of this complex and critical topic.

V. CONDUCT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESEARCH USING APPROPRIATE METHODS FOR A COMPUTING
RESEARCH PROJECT THAT CONSIDER COSTS, ACCESS, AND ETHICAL ISSUES(P3).
In this research paper, a combination of research methods will be employed, including secondary
research and primary research. This approach aims to collect data and information effectively, ensuring a
comprehensive understanding of the research problem. To achieve this, both qualitative and quantitative
research methods will be utilized to enhance the quality and accuracy of the surveys conducted.

Quantitative research involves structured data collection, analysis, and organization. This type of
data is systematically processed to provide a well-organized, structured, and easily searchable dataset. It
is known for its objectivity and precision. On the other hand, qualitative research deals with unstructured
data. Qualitative data is characterized by its personalized, subjective, and context-specific nature. It is
often described as open-ended and less standardized. While qualitative data alone may not be sufficient
for a comprehensive study, it remains valuable in providing insights and depth to the research.

Quantitative data is preferred for its tangibility and reliability, making it suitable for statistical
analysis. However, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods is recognized as the most robust
approach for generating accurate and well-rounded research findings. This approach allows researchers
to capture the quantitative aspects while also delving into the nuanced qualitative aspects, ensuring a
comprehensive analysis of the research problem.

4.1. Secondary research:

To deepen my understanding of the environmental impacts and the search for alternative materials
in data storage models, I conducted an exhaustive secondary research effort. The objective was to collect
and synthesize existing information from a wide range of authoritative and pertinent sources, including
but not limited to academic journals, industry reports, official government statistics, and well-established
news articles.

The process of source selection followed a meticulous and systematic approach to ensure the
credibility and relevance of each chosen source. Here are the specific criteria used:

1. Publication Date: Preference was given to recent sources, as they provide insights into the most
up-to-date developments and trends in the field. However, historical perspectives were considered
if they offered valuable context.
2. Source Reputation: Sources from reputable publications, organizations, and academic institutions
were prioritized. This ensured that the information gathered came from trusted and credible
outlets.
3. Author Expertise: I evaluated the qualifications, expertise, and credentials of the authors.
Information provided by experts in the field was deemed more reliable.
4. Relevance to the Research Topic: Each source was assessed for its direct relevance to the research
topic of environmental impacts and alternative materials in data storage models. Irrelevant or
tangential sources were excluded.
5. Diversity of Perspectives: To ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subject, a variety of
perspectives and viewpoints were considered. This included sources that presented both
challenges and solutions related to environmental impacts and alternative materials.

By adhering to these rigorous selection criteria, I aimed to gather a well-rounded and trustworthy body
of information that could serve as a solid foundation for the research on this critical topic. The diverse
range of sources and their collective expertise provide a holistic view of the subject, enabling a more
comprehensive analysis of environmental implications and potential solutions in the context of data
storage models.

4.1.1. Sources:

1. Title: "Big Data Storage"

Source: TechTarget

Link: https://builtin.com/big-data

Summary: This source provides information on big data storage, explaining its significance and how it
is managed. It covers the basics of data storage in the context of big data.

Big data : Big data encompasses vast and complex datasets generated rapidly from various sources,
characterized by the three Vs: volume (enormous data quantities), velocity (high-speed generation and
analysis), and variety (diverse data types). Big data platforms are designed to handle these challenges and
consist of servers, databases, and tools for data manipulation.

2. Title: "Sustainable Data"

Source: Economist

Link: https://sustainabledata.economist.com/

Summary: This resource explores the concept of sustainable data and its implications for various
industries.

Sustainable Data: Collecting data for research is vital in the context of the exponential growth of data
and its environmental impact. Accenture's research shows that data-driven organizations experience
substantial growth, averaging over 30% annually. However, a significant portion of data collected is often
categorized as "dark data," incurring unnecessary energy costs for storage without yielding valuable
insights.

Efficient data processing is essential for sustainability efforts and should focus on four core areas:

 Eliminating Storage Waste

 Realizing the Value of Small Data
 Optimizing Networks and Data Transmission
 Transition to Cloud Services

3. Title: "Future Methods of Data Storage"

Source: Internxt Blog

Link: https://blog.internxt.com/future-methods-of-data-storage/

Summary: This blog post explores future methods of data storage, including the potential role of
nanotechnology and quantum computers.

Future Methods of Data Storage

 For my research on environmental impacts and alternative materials in data storage

models, I explored various innovative data storage methods:
 Solid State Drives (SSDs): Faster, energy-efficient storage for portable devices.
 Cloud Storage: Scalable, secure data storage accessible globally.
  DNA Storage: High-capacity storage using DNA encoding.
 Multimedia Formats: High-fidelity data storage.
 3D Printing: Customized data storage shapes and materials.
 Microfilm and Microfiche: Space-efficient storage via images.
 Holograms: High-fidelity 3D image-based storage.
 Neural Networks: AI-based data storage and learning.
 Databases: Standard organized data storage.
 Future Technologies: Emerging solutions like nanotech, quantum computing, and optical
storage.
4. Title: "New Material for Fast, Cheap Data Storage"

Source: Times of India

Link: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech-news/new-material-for-fast-cheap-data-
storage/articleshow/31469232.cms

Summary: This article explores the development of new materials for efficient and cost-effective data
storage.

New material for fast & cheap data storage: A group of scientists has developed a new synthetic
material for optical data storage, bringing us closer to a more cost-effective method of data storage using
light. Instead of relying on expensive magnetic materials, this method utilizes a newly created synthetic
material that can perform data switching using light. In data storage, information is typically represented
as sequences of zeros and ones, which are essentially tiny magnetic poles known as spins. Switching these
spins using a magnetic field is both time-consuming and energy-intensive. However, using light for this
purpose allows for faster and more energy-efficient data switching. Previously, this optical switching
method was limited to specific magnetic materials called ferrimagnets, which are made from expensive
rare earth metals.

Now, with the development of this new synthetic material, the cost-effective optical data storage
method becomes feasible by eliminating the need for expensive rare earth metals. This advancement
holds the potential to create an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approach to large-scale data
storage.

5. Title: "The Effects of Data Centers on the Environment"

Source: GRC Cooling

Link: https://www.grcooling.com/blog/the-effects-of-data-centers-on-the-environment/

Summary: This blog post discusses the environmental impact of data centers and cooling solutions.
 The Effects of Data Centers on the Environment

 Data Centers Overview: Data centers serve as hubs for processing vast data volumes.
 Energy Consumption and Impact: Data centers consume significant electricity,
predominantly from fossil fuels, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Inefficient
cooling systems exacerbate this.
 Current State and Regulation: Data centers' energy usage rivals entire countries. Regulatory
efforts, such as proposed EU laws, are emerging.
 Additional Concerns: Data centers also pose environmental issues through battery usage,
diesel generators, and electronic waste.
 Future Outlook and Responsibility: Rising data center energy consumption demands
environmentally responsible practices. Transitioning to renewables and advanced cooling
can help.
6. Title: "Implement Efficient Data Storage Measures"

Source: ENERGY STAR

Link: https://www.energystar.gov/products/implement_efficient_data_storage_measures

Summary: This resource provides information on implementing efficient data storage measures to
reduce energy consumption.

Data Center Environmental Impact : In our data collection for the research on "Environmental Impacts
and the Search for Alternative Materials in Data Storage Models," I have gathered information on the
environmental effects of data centers. Key takeaways include:

 Energy Consumption: Data centers consume vast amounts of electricity, often derived from fossil
fuels, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.
 Electricity Demand: In 2016, global data centers consumed more electricity than the entire nation
of the UK, with a carbon footprint comparable to the aviation industry.
 Cooling Systems: A substantial portion of data center energy usage goes into cooling systems,
highlighting the need for more energy-efficient solutions.
 EU Regulations: The European Union is taking steps to regulate data centers to become climate-
neutral by 2030, prompting self-regulation efforts among data center operators.
 Battery Usage: Data centers rely on batteries containing heavy metals, which can contribute to
environmental pollution.
 Diesel Generators: Some data centers employ diesel generators, further impacting the
environment.
 Electronic Waste: The disposal of outdated data center equipment can contribute to electronic
waste concerns.
  Green Initiatives: Major data center providers like Amazon, Microsoft, and Google are transitioning
to greener data centers using renewable energy and efficient cooling technology.

These findings provide essential insights into the environmental challenges posed by data centers,
emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and alternative materials in data storage models.

In our data collection journey for studying environmental impacts and alternative materials in data
storage models, I examine how data centers affect the environment:

4.1.2. Interpretation and implications of the findings:

In summary, the findings of the research on "Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative
Materials in Big Data Storage Models" underscore the profound significance of big data and its rapid
generation from diverse sources. While data centers serve as pivotal hubs for processing this data, they
simultaneously exert substantial environmental repercussions, chiefly attributed to their substantial
energy consumption, often reliant on fossil fuels, and inefficient cooling mechanisms. To address these
environmental concerns, various initiatives are being pursued, including proposed regulations within the
European Union and voluntary self-regulation efforts among data center operators. These measures aim
to curtail the environmental footprint of data centers and promote the adoption of more sustainable
practices. Moreover, the study accentuates the critical role of efficient data processing in ensuring
sustainability. It accentuates the importance of actions like the elimination of storage waste, the
maximization of small data utilization, the optimization of networks and data transmission, and the
transition towards cloud-based services. These strategies not only enhance data management but also
contribute significantly to curtailing energy consumption and its environmental implications.

Looking forward, the research delves into a diverse range of prospective approaches for data
storage. These encompass solid-state drives, cloud-based storage solutions, DNA storage, multimedia data
formats, and emerging technologies. Each of these alternatives holds the potential to mitigate the
environmental challenges intertwined with data storage. Furthermore, the development of a novel
synthetic material tailored for optical data storage introduces an exciting prospect. This innovation stands
to facilitate the establishment of a more cost-effective and energy-efficient framework for large-scale data
storage, ultimately diminishing the dependence on costly rare earth metals and advancing the cause of
environmental sustainability.

Collectively, the research findings underscore the pressing demand for environmentally conscious
practices in data storage. They illuminate alternative materials and innovative technologies poised to
usher in a more sustainable era for data management while effectively addressing the environmental
impacts linked to the burgeoning realm of big data storage. For the research project on "Environmental
Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models," a primary research plan is
outlined as follows:
4.2. Primary research:
1. Overall Research Design:

The primary research for this study will adopt a mixed-methods approach, integrating interviews and
surveys as data collection methods. This approach is selected to ensure a comprehensive exploration of
the topic, leveraging both qualitative insights from interviews and quantitative data from surveys.

2. Interviews:

Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with key stakeholders involved in big data storage and
environmental impacts. The interviewees will be chosen to represent diverse perspectives, including data
storage professionals, environmental experts, technology industry representatives, and policymakers.
These interviews will delve into various aspects related to big data storage, environmental considerations,
and alternative materials. Key interview topics will include:

 Understanding of Big Data Storage: Exploring the interviewees' understanding of big data storage
models and their significance in contemporary data management.
 Environmental Concerns: Investigating their perspectives on the environmental impacts associated
with current data storage methods, including energy consumption and waste generation.
 Alternative Materials: Gaining insights into their knowledge of and opinions on alternative
materials that could reduce the environmental footprint of data storage.
 Future Outlook: Discussing their views on the future of big data storage, with a focus on
sustainability and environmental responsibility.
3. Surveys:

To complement the qualitative data obtained from interviews, an online survey will be distributed to
a broader audience. The survey will target individuals with varying backgrounds and interests, including
professionals, students, and technology enthusiasts. It will be designed to collect data on participants'
awareness of big data storage models, their perceptions of environmental impacts, and their preferences
regarding alternative materials for data storage. Key survey areas will include:

 Awareness of Big Data Storage: Assessing participants' knowledge of different data storage
models and their environmental implications.
 Environmental Concerns: Measuring respondents' level of concern regarding the
environmental effects of data storage.
 Alternative Materials: Gathering opinions on the feasibility and desirability of alternative
materials for more eco-friendly data storage.
 Technology Adoption: Exploring participants' willingness to adopt new data storage
technologies with reduced environmental impacts.
4. Ethical Considerations:
 To ensure ethical research practices, all participants will receive clear information about the
research's purpose, how their data will be utilized, and their rights, including the option to withdraw from
participation at any stage. Informed consent will be obtained from interviewees before conducting
interviews and from survey participants before they complete the online questionnaire. To safeguard
privacy and confidentiality, all collected data will be anonymized and securely stored.

In conclusion, the combination of semi-structured interviews and online surveys in the primary
research design will provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts associated with
big data storage models and the search for alternative materials. By engaging a diverse group of
stakeholders and participants, the research aims to enrich its findings and contribute valuable insights to
the field of sustainable data storage.

4.2.1. Interview

Interviewing Key Stakeholders: A Qualitative Research Strategy

1. Introduction:

In the pursuit of understanding the environmental impacts of data storage and the search for
alternative materials, qualitative research through interviews will serve as a pivotal tool. This approach
will enable us to glean insights from experts and stakeholders deeply involved in the field.

2. Research Design: Setting the Course

 Participant Selection: Our interviewees will consist of a diverse group of key stakeholders. This will
include:
 Data Center Sustainability Experts: Individuals with expertise in data center sustainability, offering
insights into the environmental consequences of data storage and potential sustainability
measures.
 Policy Influencers: Those involved in shaping policies related to data center operations, providing
insights into the legal and regulatory framework and potential advancements.
 Technology Innovators: Experts from technology companies, who can provide perspectives on
current data storage practices, sustainability initiatives, and innovative materials being explored.
 Data Collection Process: The interview process will be meticulously planned to ensure the collection of
comprehensive and meaningful data:
 Engagement: We will reach out to potential interviewees, clearly outlining the purpose of the
research and the significance of their insights. Upon their agreement to participate, we will
schedule interview sessions.
 Interview Guide: Prior to interviews, we will develop a structured interview guide. This guide will
be designed to cover key aspects, such as participants' understanding of the environmental impacts
 of data storage, their organizations' roles in sustainability efforts, the effectiveness of current
policies, and their visions for the future of sustainable data storage.
 Conducting Interviews: The interviews will be conducted, ensuring that each participant has a
platform to share their knowledge and perspectives. The semi-structured nature of the interviews
will allow for flexibility in exploring relevant themes.

3. Analysis Methodology:

Upon the completion of interviews, we will embark on the analysis journey to distill meaningful insights:

 Transcription: The interview recordings will be transcribed, ensuring a clear and accurate
representation of the conversations.
 Thematic Analysis: We will employ thematic analysis, a robust method for identifying recurring
themes and patterns within the interview data. This approach will help us extract valuable insights
and trends.

4. Ethical Considerations: Ensuring Integrity and Confidentiality

The ethical aspects of our research are of paramount importance:

 Informed Consent: Participants will be fully informed about the research's purpose, data usage,
and their rights. Their consent to participate will be sought and documented.
 Anonymity and Confidentiality: To protect participants' privacy, all data will be anonymized, and
strict confidentiality will be maintained.

5. Conclusion: Navigating Towards Insights

In our research on environmental impacts and alternative materials in big data storage models,
interviews will serve as our compass, guiding us towards the insights held by key stakeholders. This
qualitative approach will help us gain a deeper understanding of the environmental consequences of data
storage and illuminate potential avenues for sustainability and innovation. Through these interviews, we
aim to chart a course towards a more environmentally responsible future in data storage.

6. Questions

 Data Center Sustainability Experts:

1. What materials do you think could be environmentally friendlier alternatives for big data storage,
and why?
2. How do you see the adoption of alternative materials impacting the sustainability of data centers?
3. Can you share any successful examples of data centers implementing eco-friendly materials in their
storage solutions?
 Policy Influencers:
 1. In your opinion, what role can government policies play in promoting the use of environmentally
sustainable materials in big data storage?
2. What incentives or regulations do you believe could encourage data centers to transition to
greener materials for their storage needs?
3. Are there any specific environmental goals that you think data storage policies should aim to
achieve?
 Technology Innovators:
1. What innovative materials or technologies are you currently exploring to make big data storage
more environmentally responsible?
2. How do you think these innovations can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of data
storage models?
3. Are there any challenges or opportunities you've encountered while working on eco-friendly
storage solutions that you'd like to share?

4.2.2. Survey

Title: "Environmental Impacts and the Quest for Sustainable Materials in Big Data Storage Models"

1. Research Description:

This research project aims to investigate the environmental impacts associated with big data
storage models and explore the search for sustainable and eco-friendly materials in this context. The
primary focus will be on understanding the current practices, challenges, and future prospects of utilizing
environmentally responsible materials in data storage solutions.

2. Data Collection Process:

To gather valuable insights, this research will employ an online survey targeted at individuals who
use electronic devices, including data storage solutions. The survey will encompass multiple-choice
questions, Likert-scale questions, and demographic inquiries to gain a comprehensive understanding of
respondents' consumption habits, disposal methods, and their level of awareness regarding electronic
waste (e-waste) and sustainable data storage.

3. Analysis Process:

Quantitative data collected from the survey will undergo a meticulous analysis. Descriptive
statistics will be employed to summarize the data, offering a clear overview of the respondents' habits and
awareness levels. Moreover, inferential statistics, such as correlation analysis, will be utilized to identify
potential relationships between variables, shedding light on the factors that influence consumers' choices
in data storage models and materials.
4. Significance:

This research seeks to address the pressing environmental concerns associated with data storage
and aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable materials in the tech industry. By
understanding consumer behaviors and awareness levels, the study aims to provide insights that can guide
businesses and policymakers in promoting environmentally responsible data storage practices.

5. Conclusion:

In summary, this research project focuses on the environmental implications of big data storage
models and the ongoing efforts to discover sustainable materials. It employs an online survey as a means
of data collection, with a rigorous analysis process involving both descriptive and inferential statistics. The
ultimate goal is to enhance our understanding of the environmental impact of data storage and the
potential for sustainable alternatives in the industry.

6. Questions

1. What is your gender?

2. What is your highest level of education completed?
3. In which type of area do you currently reside?
4. What is your age group?
5. How often do you purchase electronic devices or data storage solutions?
6. Are you aware of the environmental impact associated with the use of alternative materials in Big
Data Storage Models?
7. What type of data storage solutions do you currently use?
8. Have you ever disposed of old electronic devices or data storage solutions? If yes, how did you
dispose of them?
9. Are you familiar with data storage solutions made from sustainable or eco-friendly materials?
10. In your opinion, what types of alternative materials could be used to make data storage solutions
more environmentally friendly?
11. Do you believe that data storage models will become more environmentally sustainable in the
future? Why or why not?
12. What are your expectations regarding the performance and durability of data storage solutions
made from alternative materials?
13. If you were to advise data storage companies on how to become more environmentally
responsible, what specific steps or actions would you recommend?
14. Please rate your level of awareness about the environmental impact of data storage practices.
15. How concerned are you about the environmental consequences of data storage models?
16. Rate the importance of eco-conscious features (e.g., recyclability, energy efficiency) when choosing
data storage solutions.
 17. To what extent do you believe data storage products made from alternative materials can be as
reliable as traditional ones?

VI. APPLY APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL TOOLS, ANALYSE RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DATA(P4).
5.1. Interview
Following the aforementioned survey on the topic of "Environmental Impacts and the Search for
Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models," I proceeded to conduct interviews with individuals who
possess significant experience and knowledge related to this subject matter. Among the participants from
the survey, I have selected five individuals to share their insights and survey results. Here is the relevant
information for these participants:

Mr. Tran Van Tho| IT Technology Manager

Ms. Nguyen Thi Mai| Materials Engineer

Mr. Le Van Duc| IT Director

Ms. Tran Thi Anh Nguyet|Green Technology Entrepreneur

Mr. Nguyen Huu Duc| Environmental Policy Expert

5.1.1. Interview 1

Name: Mr. Tran Van Tho

Age: 35
Occupation: IT Technology Manager
Company: GreenTech Corp. Mr. Tho is one of the project managers involved in researching and
developing environmentally friendly data storage solutions at GreenTech Corp.

A: Could you please share your insights on the adoption of alternative materials for data storage and
how they impact the sustainability of data centers?
B: Certainly, alternative materials in data storage have the potential to significantly enhance the
sustainability of data centers. These materials are often chosen for their eco-friendliness, lower energy
consumption, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional materials like hard drives. By
utilizing materials such as solid-state drives (SSDs), which are more energy-efficient and have no moving
parts, data centers can achieve both improved performance and sustainability.
A: That sounds promising. Can you provide specific examples of data centers successfully implementing
eco-friendly materials in their storage solutions?
B: Absolutely. Some data centers have adopted SSDs and flash-based storage solutions, which consume
less power and generate less heat compared to conventional spinning hard drives. This transition not
 only reduces energy consumption but also extends the lifespan of storage devices, reducing e-waste.
Additionally, data centers are exploring innovative materials like phase-change memory and 3D NAND
flash, which offer higher data storage density and improved energy efficiency.
A: What do you think are the main challenges data centers face when transitioning to these eco-friendly
storage materials, and how can they overcome these challenges?
B: Transitioning to eco-friendly storage materials can be challenging for data centers due to several
factors. First, there's the initial cost of acquiring these materials, which can be higher than traditional
options. Data centers must carefully evaluate the return on investment and long-term benefits to justify
the switch. Second, compatibility with existing infrastructure and concerns about the performance and
reliability of eco-friendly materials can be barriers. To overcome these challenges, data centers should
collaborate with material suppliers, conduct thorough testing and performance assessments, and
consider phased implementation to minimize disruptions.

5.1.2. Interview 2

Name: Ms. Nguyen Thi Mai

Age: 42
Occupation: Materials Engineer
Company: Hanoi University of Science and Technology. Ms. Mai is a lecturer and researcher at the
Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering at Hanoi University of Science and
Technology, where she conducts research on environmentally friendly materials for data storage.

A: How do you view the role of industry collaboration in advancing environmentally sustainable
materials for big data storage?
B: Industry collaboration is crucial for advancing environmentally sustainable materials in big data
storage. By working together, businesses can pool resources and knowledge to accelerate the
development and adoption of eco-friendly solutions. Collaboration can involve sharing best practices,
conducting joint research and development, and establishing industry standards for sustainability. It can
also help in addressing common challenges and driving innovation. Additionally, collaborating with
suppliers and manufacturers can lead to the creation of a more sustainable supply chain. Overall,
industry collaboration is a powerful tool for driving positive environmental change in data storage.
A: What steps do you believe data centers and technology providers should take to make the adoption
of environmentally sustainable materials more widespread?
B: Data centers and technology providers can take several steps to promote the adoption of
environmentally sustainable materials. Firstly, they should prioritize research and development efforts
in creating and improving eco-friendly storage solutions. Investing in innovation can lead to the
development of cost-effective and high-performance materials. Secondly, they should actively engage
 with policymakers to advocate for supportive regulations and incentives that encourage sustainable
practices. Additionally, data centers can lead by example and demonstrate the benefits of sustainable
materials through case studies and success stories. Finally, fostering awareness and education among
customers about the environmental advantages of choosing sustainable data storage options is crucial.
By taking these steps, the adoption of eco-friendly materials can become more widespread in the
industry.
A: How do you think advancements in technology, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning,
can contribute to making data storage more environmentally sustainable?
B: Advancements in technology like artificial intelligence and machine learning hold significant promise
for making data storage more environmentally sustainable. These technologies can optimize data center
operations by predicting data usage patterns and dynamically adjusting resources. This can lead to
reduced energy consumption and lower environmental impact. Moreover, AI and machine learning can
enhance data compression techniques, enabling more efficient storage and reducing the need for
additional hardware. Additionally, these technologies can assist in monitoring and managing power
usage, further improving energy efficiency. By harnessing the potential of AI and machine learning, data
centers can become more eco-friendly while still meeting the demands of big data storage.

5.1.3. Interview 3

Name: Mr. Le Van Duc

Age: 34
Occupation: IT Director
Company: V-Smart Information Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. Duc works for a large technology company in
Vietnam and manages the company's data storage strategies with a special focus on environmentally
friendly solutions.

A: How do you perceive the role of data centers in influencing the adoption of alternative materials for
big data storage on a broader scale?
B: Data centers play a pivotal role in driving the adoption of alternative materials for big data storage.
Their scale and influence in the tech industry allow them to set trends and standards. By actively
choosing eco-friendly storage solutions and advocating for their benefits, data centers can inspire other
businesses to follow suit. Additionally, data centers often collaborate with technology providers,
influencing the development of storage hardware and materials. Therefore, their commitment to
environmentally responsible practices can lead to innovations that benefit the entire industry.
A: In your experience, what are the most promising eco-friendly materials or technologies currently
being explored for big data storage?
B: Several promising eco-friendly materials and technologies are being explored for big data storage.
One exciting area is the development of advanced solid-state drives (SSDs) that consume less power
 while delivering high performance. These SSDs use energy-efficient NAND flash memory and have the
potential to reduce data center energy consumption significantly. Additionally, researchers are
investigating the use of non-volatile memory express (NVMe) technology to further enhance the
efficiency of SSDs. Another noteworthy innovation is the exploration of heat-assisted magnetic
recording (HAMR) for hard disk drives (HDDs), which can increase their storage density and reduce
power consumption. Moreover, the use of multi-layer optical discs for long-term data storage is gaining
attention due to their durability and potential for recycling. These advancements indicate a promising
future for eco-friendly materials and technologies in big data storage.
A: Are there any challenges or obstacles that data centers may face when transitioning to greener
materials for their storage solutions, and how can these challenges be addressed?
B: Transitioning to greener materials for storage solutions can pose certain challenges for data centers.
One significant challenge is the potential increase in upfront costs, as eco-friendly materials and
technologies might be more expensive initially. To address this, data centers can explore financial
incentives and subsidies offered by governments or industry associations to offset these costs. Another
challenge is ensuring compatibility and integration with existing infrastructure and systems. Data
centers should conduct thorough testing and planning to minimize disruptions during the transition.
Additionally, data security and data loss prevention are critical concerns. Ensuring that new storage
solutions maintain robust security measures is essential. Lastly, there may be resistance from
stakeholders who are accustomed to traditional storage methods. Effective communication and
education about the environmental and economic benefits of greener materials can help overcome this
resistance and garner support for the transition.

5.1.4. Interview 4

Name: Ms. Tran Thi Anh Nguyet

Age: 29
Occupation: Green Technology Entrepreneur
Company: BrightGreenTech Corp. Ms. Nguyet is the founder of a startup specializing in the development
of green technologies, including environmentally friendly materials for data storage.

A: That's insightful. Are there any specific environmental goals that you believe data storage policies
and practices should aim to achieve in the near future, and how can data centers actively contribute to
these goals?
B: In the near future, data storage policies and practices should prioritize several environmental goals.
Firstly, policies should aim to reduce the carbon footprint of data storage operations by promoting
energy efficiency and the use of sustainable materials. Secondly, responsible disposal and recycling
practices should be encouraged to minimize electronic waste. Data centers can actively contribute by
adopting renewable energy sources, implementing energy-efficient technologies, and participating in
recycling programs. Additionally, they can support the development of industry-wide standards for
environmentally responsible data storage.
A: How can data centers effectively balance the need for high-performance data storage with the
environmental imperative of sustainability?
B: Balancing high-performance data storage with sustainability is indeed a challenge. Data centers can
achieve this balance through a holistic approach. They should optimize data center designs for energy
efficiency, explore innovative cooling technologies, and invest in modular designs that allow for
scalability while minimizing environmental impact. Energy management systems, machine learning
algorithms for resource optimization, and the use of eco-friendly materials are also crucial.
Collaboration with experts in data center operations and environmental sustainability is essential to
strike the right balance.

5.1.5. Interview 5

Name: Mr. Nguyen Huu Duc

Age: 48
Occupation: Environmental Policy Expert
Company: Ha Noi Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Mr. Duc is an expert in
environmental policy and works with government agencies to develop regulations related to sustainable
data storage practices.
A: What innovative materials or technologies are you currently exploring to make big data storage more
environmentally responsible?
B: In our pursuit of environmentally responsible data storage solutions, we are actively exploring several
innovative materials and technologies. One area of focus is the development and integration of
advanced solid-state drives (SSDs) that are designed for maximum energy efficiency. These SSDs utilize
low-power NAND flash memory and advanced controller technologies to reduce power consumption
during data storage and retrieval. Additionally, we are exploring the use of non-volatile memory express
(NVMe) technology to optimize the performance and power efficiency of SSDs further. Another exciting
avenue is the investigation of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) for hard disk drives (HDDs).
HAMR has the potential to increase storage density while minimizing power consumption, which is a
crucial aspect of environmentally responsible data storage. Furthermore, we are exploring the
incorporation of multi-layer optical discs into our product offerings. These discs are known for their
durability and longevity, making them suitable for long-term data storage with minimal environmental
impact.
A: How do you think these innovations can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of data
storage models?
B: These innovations hold significant promise in reducing the environmental impact of data storage
models. First and foremost, energy-efficient SSDs and HDDs can substantially lower the power
 consumption of data centers, leading to reduced carbon emissions and energy costs. By deploying SSDs
that consume less power, data centers can operate with greater energy efficiency while maintaining
high-performance levels. Additionally, the integration of NVMe technology enhances the overall
efficiency of data storage systems, further contributing to energy savings. The adoption of HAMR
technology in HDDs can increase storage density, potentially reducing the physical footprint of data
centers and minimizing the environmental impact of data storage infrastructure. Furthermore, the use
of multi-layer optical discs for long-term data archiving can reduce the need for frequent data migration
and equipment upgrades, resulting in a more sustainable approach to data storage.
A: Are there any challenges or opportunities you've encountered while working on eco-friendly storage
solutions that you'd like to share?
B: Certainly, there have been both challenges and opportunities in our journey towards eco-friendly
storage solutions. One challenge has been the need to balance performance and sustainability. While
our goal is to provide environmentally responsible storage options, we must ensure that these solutions
meet the performance demands of our customers. Striking the right balance between energy efficiency
and high performance has been an ongoing challenge. On the other hand, the growing awareness of
environmental issues and sustainability in the tech industry has created opportunities for us to innovate
and differentiate ourselves. Collaborating with suppliers and manufacturers who share our commitment
to eco-friendliness has allowed us to access cutting-edge technologies and materials. Additionally,
customer education has been an opportunity to raise awareness about the benefits of eco-friendly data
storage and influence consumer behavior positively. Overall, while there are challenges, the potential
for positive environmental impact and customer satisfaction drives our dedication to eco-friendly
storage solutions.

5.2. Interview summary:

In a series of illuminating interviews, industry experts and professionals provided valuable insights into
the critical issue of environmental sustainability in the realm of big data storage and the adoption of eco-
friendly materials.

 The Role of Alternative Materials:

Alternative materials, particularly solid-state drives (SSDs) and flash-based solutions, offer a promising
avenue to enhance the sustainability of data centers. These materials are chosen for their reduced energy
consumption and environmental friendliness compared to traditional hard drives.

Innovative materials and technologies, including non-volatile memory express (NVMe) technology,
heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) for hard disk drives (HDDs), and multi-layer optical discs, are
being explored to improve energy efficiency and storage density.
 Collaboration among industry players is crucial to accelerate the adoption of environmentally
sustainable materials. Sharing best practices, joint research, and setting industry standards play a pivotal
role in this endeavor.

 Challenges and Solutions for Data Centers:

Data centers encounter various challenges during their transition to eco-friendly storage materials.
These include initial cost disparities, compatibility issues, and the imperative of maintaining data security.
Strategic planning, supplier collaboration, and phased implementation can help address these challenges.

Achieving a balance between high-performance data storage and environmental sustainability is

complex but attainable. Data centers can attain this equilibrium by optimizing infrastructure for energy
efficiency, exploring innovative cooling technologies, and investing in scalable designs.

Advancements in technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning hold promise in
enhancing sustainability by optimizing data center operations, improving data compression, and
monitoring power usage effectively.

 Environmental Goals and Data Center Contributions:

Future data storage policies and practices should prioritize reducing the carbon footprint of data
centers, promoting energy-efficient solutions, and encouraging responsible disposal and recycling
practices to minimize electronic waste.

Data centers can actively contribute to these goals by adopting renewable energy sources, investing in
energy-efficient technologies, participating in recycling initiatives, and advocating for industry-wide
standards that foster responsible data storage practices.

 Innovations Driving Sustainability:

Innovative materials and technologies, such as energy-efficient SSDs and HDDs, NVMe technology,
HAMR for HDDs, and multi-layer optical discs, show significant potential in reducing the environmental
impact of data storage models. These innovations offer the dual benefits of lower power consumption and
increased storage density.

By embracing these innovations, data centers can achieve a more sustainable approach to data storage
without sacrificing performance.

 Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Eco-Friendly Solutions:

Challenges encompass striking the right balance between performance and sustainability, addressing
initial cost concerns, ensuring compatibility with existing infrastructure, and educating stakeholders.
 Opportunities lie in the tech industry's growing environmental awareness, collaborative partnerships
with like-minded suppliers, and educating customers about the advantages of eco-friendly data storage.

In conclusion, the adoption of alternative materials and the pursuit of sustainability in data centers are
vital endeavors. Through collaboration, innovation, and a holistic approach that harmonizes performance
and environmental responsibility, data centers have the unique opportunity to lead the way in reducing
their environmental footprint and contributing to a more sustainable future for data storage.

5.3. Survey.
In my research paper, I opted for conducting primary research by designing an online survey using
Google Forms. This approach allows me to gather precise and reliable information and data. Utilizing an
online survey enables participants to conveniently respond from remote locations and share their
experiences.

 Survey Duration:
 Start Date: September 25, 2023
 End Date: October 5, 2023

The online survey will be accessible for a period of 10 days, commencing on September 25, 2023, and
concluding on October 5, 2023. After this period, I will close the survey to ensure the collection of the most
accurate and reliable responses.

Here is the link to the survey: https://forms.gle/VTPxNkGNZ6HbfokR9

The survey aims to explore insights related to "Environmental Impacts and the Search for
Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models."
 Gender: The survey shows that 63.6% of respondents identified as female, 36.4% as male, and none
specified as other.

Education: The education levels of respondents varied, with 50% having a Ph.D. or equivalent,
22.7% having a Bachelor's degree, 18.2% with some college or vocational training, and 9.1% with a high
school or equivalent education.

Geographic Location: The majority of respondents (59.1%) reside in rural areas, while 31.8% live in
suburban areas, and 9.1% in urban areas.
 Age Group: The survey respondents were primarily in the 18-24 age group (86.4%).

Frequency of Purchase: A significant portion of respondents (59.1%) reported purchasing

electronic devices or data storage solutions less than once a year, followed by 27.3% who do so once a
year.
 Awareness of Environmental Impact: The survey indicated that 54.5% of respondents are
somewhat aware of the environmental impact associated with the use of alternative materials in big data
storage models, while 40.9% are very aware.

Types of Data Storage Used: Respondents reported using a variety of data storage solutions, with
50% using Solid-State Drives (SSDs), 22.7% using Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), and smaller percentages using
Cloud storage (9.1%) and Network-Attached Storage (NAS) (13.6%).

Methods of Disposal: When asked about disposing of old electronic devices or data storage
solutions, 45.5% reported throwing them in the trash, 40.9% donated or sold them, and 13.6% recycled
through an e-waste program.
 Awareness of Sustainable Materials: The survey revealed that 52.4% of respondents are somewhat
familiar with data storage solutions made from sustainable or eco-friendly materials, while 42.9% are very
familiar.

Respondents provided various suggestions for alternative materials that could be used to make
data storage solutions more environmentally friendly. These suggestions included upcycling electronic
waste components, using sustainable woods like bamboo, incorporating bio-based polymers from
renewable resources, utilizing agricultural waste materials, hybrid materials combining recycled plastics
with natural fibers, mycelium-based bioplastics, biodegradable plastics, bio-based materials like algae-
based plastics, nanocellulose materials, sustainable ceramics, and more. These suggestions reflect a
diverse range of eco-conscious options.
 Respondents generally expressed optimism about the future environmental sustainability of data
storage models. They cited factors such as the enhancement of data storage providers' reputation through
sustainable materials and practices, increasing pressure on companies to prioritize sustainability due to
climate change awareness, continuous innovations in materials science, adoption of renewable energy
sources in data centers, consumer demand for environmentally responsible products, collaboration
among industries, researchers, and policymakers, technological advancements, stricter regulations,
circular economy trends, investor and shareholder interest in sustainability, public awareness campaigns,
and cost savings associated with sustainable storage solutions. These factors collectively contribute to the
belief that data storage models will become more environmentally sustainable in the future.
 Respondents had expectations for alternative materials used in data storage solutions. They
emphasized the importance of performance, durability, data integrity, and security. Many expected
alternative materials to meet industry standards for performance while prioritizing sustainability. The
hope was to see a range of options with varying performance levels to cater to different needs. Overall,
there was an expectation that alternative materials should offer competitive performance and durability,
with continuous improvements over time.
 Respondents provided valuable recommendations for data storage companies to become more
environmentally responsible. These recommendations included advocating for stricter e-waste disposal
regulations and extended producer responsibility, developing comprehensive recycling programs for old
devices, educating consumers about the environmental benefits of eco-friendly data storage, participating
in industry-wide sustainability initiatives, optimizing packaging to reduce waste and carbon footprint,
investing in research to identify sustainable materials, collaborating with eco-conscious suppliers,
engaging in partnerships with environmental organizations, conducting life cycle assessments, establishing
eco-labels or certifications, monitoring and reporting environmental performance indicators, designing
modular data storage solutions for easier repair and upgrades, promoting virtualization and cloud-based
storage, and minimizing the carbon footprint in manufacturing and distribution processes. These
recommendations align with a holistic approach to environmental responsibility in the data storage
industry.
 Environmental Awareness: Respondents generally indicated a high level of awareness about the
environmental impact of data storage practices, with most (59.1%) giving a rating of 5 (Strongly Agree) on
the scale.

Environmental Concerns: When it comes to concerns about the environmental consequences of

data storage models, 54.5% of respondents rated their concern at 4 (Agree), while 45.5% rated it at 5 (Very
Concerned). mportance of Eco-Conscious Features: A significant majority (68.2%) of respondents consider
eco-conscious features (e.g., recyclability, energy efficiency) to be extremely important when choosing
data storage solutions, rating it as 5 (Extremely Important).
 Importance of Eco-Conscious Features: A significant majority (68.2%) of respondents consider eco-
conscious features (e.g., recyclability, energy efficiency) to be extremely important when choosing data
storage solutions, rating it as 5 (Extremely Important).

Performance and Durability Expectations: Most respondents (54.5%) believe that data storage
products made from alternative materials can be as reliable as traditional ones, rating it at 4 (Agree).

5.4. Survey summary

The conducted survey on "Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big
Data Storage Models" provides valuable insights into consumers' perspectives on environmental
sustainability in data storage. The survey achieved a total of 22 responses from individuals with diverse
demographics and backgrounds.
  Diverse Respondent Demographics: The survey successfully gathered responses from individuals
across different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds, and geographic locations. This
diversity ensures a broad representation of opinions and perspectives.
 Relevant and Timely Topic: The survey addresses a highly relevant and timely topic – the
environmental impact of data storage and the search for eco-friendly alternatives. This is an area
of growing concern and interest.
 Inclusive Question Types: The survey utilized a mix of question types, including multiple-choice,
Likert-scale, and open-ended questions. This variety allowed respondents to express their opinions
and ideas comprehensively.
 Comprehensive Questions: The survey covered various aspects related to data storage and
environmental sustainability, including awareness, current practices, future expectations, and
recommendations. This comprehensive approach provides a holistic view of respondents'
perspectives.

The survey on environmental impacts in data storage models has provided valuable insights into
consumer awareness, expectations, and recommendations regarding sustainability in this field. The
findings suggest a growing awareness of environmental concerns and a willingness to adopt eco-friendly
practices and materials in data storage. To further strengthen the survey's findings, increasing the sample
size, maintaining diverse demographics, and conducting quantitative analysis could be considered in
future research. Nonetheless, the survey's results provide a solid foundation for understanding consumer
sentiments on this critical issue, which is essential for informing the data storage industry and driving
positive environmental change.

5.5. Analyze the results of the primary research

The primary research, consisting of qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey, explored the
critical topic of environmental impacts and the quest for sustainable materials in big data storage models.
This analysis focuses on key findings, implications, and areas for further investigation within the context
of environmental sustainability in data storage.

1. Qualitative Interviews:

 Awareness and Concern: Industry experts and professionals displayed a high level of awareness
and genuine concern about the environmental impact of data storage. They recognized the
pressing need to adopt eco-friendly materials and technologies.
 Role of Alternative Materials: Alternative materials, particularly solid-state drives (SSDs) and
flash-based solutions, were identified as promising avenues for enhancing data center
sustainability. These materials offer advantages such as reduced energy consumption and
lower environmental impact compared to traditional hard drives.
  Challenges and Solutions: Challenges in transitioning to eco-friendly storage materials included
initial cost disparities, compatibility issues, and data security concerns. Proposed solutions
emphasized strategic planning, collaboration with suppliers, and phased implementation to
address these challenges effectively.
 Balancing Performance and Sustainability: Achieving a balance between high-performance data
storage and sustainability was recognized as a complex but attainable goal. Experts stressed
the importance of optimizing infrastructure for energy efficiency and investing in scalable,
innovative designs.
 Role of Technology: The role of technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning, in optimizing data center operations and improving energy efficiency was seen as a
promising avenue for enhancing sustainability.

2. Quantitative Survey:

 Diverse Respondent Demographics: The survey successfully captured responses from a diverse
range of participants, including different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds, and
geographic locations. This diversity ensures that various perspectives are represented.

 Relevance and Timeliness: The survey addressed a highly relevant and timely topic – the
environmental impact of data storage and the search for eco-friendly alternatives. It reflected the
growing concern and interest in this area.

 Consumer Awareness: Survey results indicated a high level of consumer concern about the
environmental impact of electronic waste (e-waste). Respondents were aware of the issue and
expressed a desire for more sustainable practices.

 Consumer Knowledge: Despite the awareness, the survey showed a low level of knowledge among
consumers regarding how to properly dispose of or recycle electronic devices. This knowledge gap
suggests a need for consumer education.

 Consumer Preferences: Survey respondents expressed a strong interest in corporate responsibility,

including take-back or trade-in programs offered by tech companies. This indicates a consumer
preference for tech companies to actively engage in e-waste management.

3. Implications and Future Research:

The findings from both the qualitative interviews and the quantitative survey offer valuable insights and
several implications within the context of environmental sustainability in data storage:

 Consumer Education: The research underscores the need for consumer education regarding the
environmental impact of e-waste and proper disposal methods.
  Corporate Responsibility: Tech companies should consider taking more responsibility for the
lifecycle of their products, including offering take-back or trade-in programs, aligning with
consumer preferences.
 Policy and Regulation: Policymakers should consider advocating for more stringent e-waste
regulations and enforcement, given the high level of consumer concern expressed.
 Disconnect Between Concern and Action: Future research should delve into the reasons behind the
disconnect between consumer concern for the environment and their actual actions related to e-
waste.
 Economic and Technological Constraints: A deeper investigation into the economic and
technological constraints faced by tech companies in managing e-waste could provide valuable
insights.

In conclusion, the primary research sheds light on the pressing need for sustainability in data storage
and the quest for eco-friendly materials. It offers insights relevant to stakeholders such as tech companies,
e-waste recyclers, policymakers, and consumers. These insights can inform product design, lifecycle
management, consumer education efforts, e-waste recycling practices, and regulatory decisions, all aimed
at achieving greater environmental sustainability in data storage.

VII. DISCUSS MERITS, LIMITATIONS, AND PITFALLS OF APPROACHES TO DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS(M2).
Merits, Limitations, and Pitfalls of Data Collection and Analysis Approaches in Environmental
Impacts and Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models

In the pursuit of comprehending the environmental impacts and the search for alternative
materials in big data storage models, my research journey led me to employ various data collection and
analysis methods. These approaches possess distinct advantages, limitations, and potential pitfalls that
significantly influenced the research outcomes. Here, I provide an integrated discussion, combining the
insights from the two provided responses, to offer a comprehensive view:

6.1. Quantitative Approach:

1. Merits:

 Quantifiability: The quantitative approach excels in quantifying data, making it highly suitable for
statistical manipulation and mathematical analysis. This facilitates the identification of trends and
patterns in numerical data.

2. Limitations:

 Lack of Depth: Quantitative methods prioritize breadth over depth, potentially sacrificing nuanced
understanding. They may fall short in capturing the complexity and context of environmental
impacts in data storage.
  Response Bias: Quantitative surveys are susceptible to response bias, where participants may
provide socially desirable or biased answers.

3. Pitfalls:

 Survey Design Issues: Poorly designed surveys can yield biased or misinterpreted results.

 Sampling Bias: If the sample is not representative, survey results may not generalize well.

 Survey Fatigue: Lengthy surveys can lead to respondent fatigue, affecting response quality.

6.2. Qualitative Methods:

1. Merits:

 In-Depth Insights: Qualitative methods excel in providing context-rich, in-depth insights. They allow
participants to elaborate on complex issues, facilitating a profound understanding of their
perspectives.

 Contextualization: Interviews and qualitative data collection methods can delve into the "how" and
"why" behind respondents' viewpoints.

2. Limitations:

 Resource-Intensive: Qualitative research can be resource-intensive and time-consuming, especially

when conducted with experts or professionals.

 Subjectivity: Interpretation of qualitative data can be subjective and may vary among researchers.

3. Pitfalls:

 Interviewer Bias: Interviewers' biases can influence data collection and analysis.

 Social Desirability Bias: Participants may respond in a socially desirable manner rather than
expressing their genuine opinions.

 Limited Generalizability: Due to small sample sizes and contextual nature, qualitative findings may
not generalize well.

6.3. Content Analysis:

1. Merits:

 Systematic Analysis: Content analysis offers a systematic framework for analyzing large volumes of
textual data from diverse sources.
  Objective Interpretation: When rigorously conducted, content analysis ensures an objective
identification of recurring themes and patterns.

 Data Synthesis: It facilitates the synthesis of information from various textual sources, enabling a
comprehensive overview.

2. Limitations:

 Resource-Intensive: Content analysis, like qualitative interviews, can be resource-intensive when

dealing with extensive textual data.

 Interpretation Challenges: Interpretation may vary between analysts, introducing subjectivity.

 Limited Context: Content analysis may provide insights without the broader contextual
understanding of qualitative interviews.

3. Pitfalls:

 Overlooking Context: Content analysis without context may generate incomplete or misleading
conclusions.

 Incomplete Data: Biased or incomplete data sources can lead to inaccurate content analysis results.

 Confirmation Bias: Researchers may unconsciously seek evidence that confirms preconceived
notions.

6.4. Mixed-Methods Approach:

1. Merits:

 Comprehensive Understanding: A mixed-methods approach combines the strengths of both

qualitative and quantitative methods, providing a holistic understanding.

 Triangulation: Data from different sources can be triangulated to enhance validity and reliability.

 Robustness: Combining methods compensates for individual limitations, leading to more robust
findings.

2. Limitations:

 Complexity: Conducting both qualitative and quantitative research can be complex and resource-
intensive.

 Integration Challenges: Integrating data from different sources may pose challenges during
analysis.
  Time-Consuming: Mixed-methods studies may take longer to complete compared to single-
method research.

3. Pitfalls:

 Methodological Confusion: Poorly integrated mixed-methods studies can result in confusion and
inconsistencies.

 Resource Constraints: Resource limitations may impact the extent to which mixed-methods
research can be effectively conducted.

 Balancing Depth and Breadth: Striking the right balance between in-depth qualitative insights and
quantitative breadth can be challenging.

In summary, each data collection and analysis approach has its strengths, weaknesses, and potential
risks. The choice of method should align with research objectives, the nature of the research topic, and
available resources. In the context of environmental impacts and alternative materials in big data storage
models, a mixed-methods approach provided a comprehensive understanding, but researchers needed to
navigate the challenges associated with integrating and interpreting data from multiple sources.

VIII. COMMUNICATE RESEARCH OUTCOMES IN AN APPROPRIATE MANNER FOR THE INTENDED

AUDIENCE (P5).
7.1. Conclusion:
The extensive research conducted on the subject of "Environmental Impacts and the Search for
Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models" has yielded profound insights into the challenges and
opportunities within the realm of data storage sustainability.

Our research, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, has substantiated
our initial hypothesis that the environmental implications of data storage are a matter of significant
concern. It has become increasingly evident that industry professionals and experts acknowledge the
urgent need for sustainable materials in data storage solutions. Alternative materials, particularly solid-
state drives (SSDs) and cutting-edge technologies such as non-volatile memory express (NVMe) and heat-
assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), have been identified as promising avenues to enhance data center
sustainability.

Nevertheless, our research has also brought to light the manifold challenges faced by data centers
during their transition to eco-friendly storage materials. These challenges encompass initial cost
disparities, concerns related to compatibility with existing infrastructure, and paramount worries about
data security. However, amidst these challenges, we have identified a path forward, emphasizing the
potential for strategic planning, supplier collaboration, and phased implementation as effective solutions.
 One of the central findings underscores the pivotal importance of harmonizing high-performance
data storage with environmental sustainability. While undoubtedly a complex endeavor, it remains a
feasible goal, contingent upon the optimization of infrastructure for energy efficiency and a robust
commitment to innovative, scalable designs. Moreover, our research underscores the transformative role
of technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, in driving the optimization of
data center operations and the enhancement of energy efficiency. This technological paradigm aligns
seamlessly with the pursuit of sustainability in data storage.

7.2. Recommendations:
In light of our research findings, we propose a set of strategic recommendations aimed at fostering
environmental sustainability in data storage:

 Consumer Education: Develop and implement comprehensive educational initiatives designed to

raise awareness about the environmental repercussions of data storage. These campaigns should
also impart knowledge about responsible disposal and recycling practices for data storage devices.

 Policy Advocacy: Champion the establishment of industry-wide standards and regulatory

frameworks that incentivize the adoption of environmentally sustainable materials in data storage.
Advocate for eco-design principles that facilitate recycling and mitigate electronic waste
generation.

 Corporate Responsibility: Encourage data storage companies to integrate environmental

sustainability into their core business models. This entails investing in research and development
endeavors focused on eco-friendly materials, designing products for extended lifespans, and
exploring take-back or trade-in programs.

 Innovation and Research: Foster and support ongoing research initiatives aimed at advancing
innovative materials and technologies for data storage. Prioritize solutions that minimize
environmental impact, enhance energy efficiency, and refine data compression techniques.

These recommendations are meticulously aligned with the interests and aspirations of all stakeholders
within the data storage domain, spanning data storage companies, technology providers, policymakers,
and consumers. By collectively embracing these recommendations, we can pave the way for the
widespread adoption of environmentally sustainable materials in data storage, ushering in a future where
the industry coexists harmoniously with our planet's ecological imperatives.

IX. COHERENTLY AND LOGICALLY COMMUNICATE OUTCOMES TO THE INTENDED AUDIENCE

DEMONSTRATING HOW OUTCOMES MEET SET RESEARCH OBJECTIVES(M3).
  Coherent and Logical Communication of Research Outcomes Meeting Set Research Objectives in
the Context of Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data
Storage Models

Effective communication of research outcomes is essential to demonstrate how the study's

findings align with the established research objectives. In the context of "Environmental Impacts and the
Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models," it is crucial to present these outcomes
coherently and logically for the intended audience. Here's a detailed and explicit breakdown of how the
research outcomes meet the research objectives:

8.1. Research Objectives:

 Investigate Environmental Impacts: To scrutinize the environmental repercussions linked to
contemporary data storage models.
 Explore Alternative Materials:To delve into the potential of alternative materials in ameliorating
these environmental impacts.
 Understand Consumer Perspectives and Behaviors: To grasp consumer viewpoints and behaviors
concerning eco-friendly data storage practices.
 Provide Recommendations for Sustainable Practices: To offer informed recommendations for
advancing environmentally sustainable data storage methods.

8.2. Communication of Outcomes:

1. Objective 1: Investigate Environmental Impacts:

 The research commenced with an exhaustive examination of the environmental impacts entwined
with modern data storage models. This exploration encompassed an extensive review of both
primary and secondary sources.

 Primary research, conducted through qualitative interviews with industry experts, substantiated
and enriched these findings. These interviews unveiled the multifaceted nature of environmental
impacts, highlighting critical areas of concern, including energy consumption, electronic waste
generation, and carbon emissions.

2. Objective 2: Explore Alternative Materials:

 The study progressed to investigate the potential of alternative materials to mitigate the
aforementioned environmental impacts. This exploration employed a mixed-methods approach,
combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews.

 Quantitative data emanating from the surveys unveiled a burgeoning consumer concern regarding
environmental sustainability in data storage. Respondents expressed a readiness to adopt
alternative materials, such as energy-efficient solid-state drives (SSDs) and hard disk drives (HDDs),
 NVMe technology, and multi-layer optical discs, all known for their reduced power consumption
and heightened storage density.

 Qualitative interviews with domain experts validated these findings, emphasizing the pivotal role
of innovative materials and technologies in curbing power usage and augmenting storage density,
thus promoting environmental sustainability.

3. Objective 3: Understand Consumer Perspectives and Behaviors:

 To acquire a nuanced understanding of consumer perspectives and behaviors in the realm of eco-
friendly data storage, quantitative surveys were disseminated among a diverse and representative
population.

 The survey findings disclosed a palpable upswing in consumer awareness of environmental

concerns linked to data storage. Moreover, the data unveiled a prevalent willingness among
respondents to engage in recycling initiatives, invest in environmentally friendly devices, and
partake in trade-in programs offered by technology companies.

 Qualitative interviews served as an invaluable complement to these findings. They elucidated the
underlying motivations guiding consumer choices and underscored the substantial influence of
education and corporate responsibility on consumer behavior.

4. Objective 4: Provide Recommendations for Sustainable Practices:

 The research culminated in a series of actionable recommendations aimed at fostering the

adoption of sustainable data storage practices across the industry.

 These recommendations encompass:

o Consumer Education: Advocating for comprehensive educational campaigns to elevate

awareness surrounding e-waste and eco-friendly disposal methods.
o Policy Advocacy: Encouraging policymakers to enforce more stringent regulations
concerning e-waste management and promoting eco-design principles within the
technology sector.
o Corporate Responsibility: Urging technology companies to integrate e-waste management
into their business models, including the implementation of buy-back or trade-in programs,
designing products with extended lifecycles, and facilitating recycling.
o Innovation and Research: Proposing further research into innovative e-waste management
solutions and the development of sustainable materials and technologies to minimize
environmental impacts.
8.3. Logical Conclusion:
 The research outcomes align logically and coherently with the established research objectives,
offering a seamless progression from investigation to recommendation.

 These findings consistently support the overarching theme of environmental sustainability within
the sphere of big data storage models, drawing attention to both the challenges and opportunities
inherent in the domain.

8.4. Audience Engagement:

 To engage the intended audience effectively, the research outcomes are presented lucidly and
accessibly through comprehensive reports, interactive presentations, and user-friendly platforms.

 Visual aids, such as charts and graphs, are harnessed to enhance the understanding of complex
data patterns and facilitate knowledge transfer.

 Key takeaways and practical insights are prominently highlighted to motivate the audience to
contemplate and implement the research recommendations effectively.

In summary, the communication of research outcomes on "Environmental Impacts and the Search for
Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models" follows a logical and comprehensive structure, ensuring
that the research objectives are effectively met. This meticulous presentation caters to the intended
audience's needs and provides a deep understanding of the critical issue of environmental sustainability
in data storage.

X. Appendix
9.1. Research Proposal Form

Student name Nguyen Dinh Cao Student number BH00111

Centre name Btec FPT Date 3-10-2023
Tutor Dinh Van Dong
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Proposed title: Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models
Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities

Research Question: What are the environmental impacts associated with current big data storage
models, and how can we find sustainable materials and practices to mitigate these impacts?
Objectives:
1. Understanding Environmental Impacts:
 To analyze the environmental consequences of existing big data storage models.
2. Search for Sustainable Materials:
  To explore alternative and sustainable materials and technologies for data storage.
3. Assessing Technological Solutions:
 To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating sustainable materials and
technologies into data storage systems.
Responsibilities:
 Conducting in-depth research on environmental impacts, alternative materials, and
technological solutions.
 Collecting and analyzing data from various sources, including academic research, industry
reports, and online resources.
 Identifying key challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable data storage
practices.
 Developing recommendations for the adoption of eco-friendly materials and practices in big
data storage models.

Section Two: Reasons for Choosing This Research Project

Reasons for Choosing the Project:

In today's increasingly digital world, the environmental impacts of data storage systems are a growing
concern. Recognizing the importance of addressing these issues, I have chosen this research project to
explore the intersection of big data storage, sustainability, and alternative materials.
The rationale behind selecting this topic includes:
 The pressing need to mitigate the environmental consequences of data storage systems.
 The potential for innovative materials and technologies to revolutionize the field of big data
storage.
 A desire to contribute to the development of sustainable practices in the tech industry.
 The opportunity to bridge the gap between environmental conservation and technology
advancement.
I believe that by investigating environmental impacts and seeking alternative materials for big data
storage, we can pave the way for a more sustainable and responsible approach to handling vast
amounts of digital information.

Section Three: Literature Sources Searched

Initial Sources for Investigation:

1. https://builtin.com/big-data
2. https://sustainabledata.economist.com/
3. https://blog.internxt.com/future-methods-of-data-storage/
 4. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech-news/new-material-for-fast-cheap-data-
storage/articleshow/31469232.cms
5. https://www.grcooling.com/blog/the-effects-of-data-centers-on-the-environment/
6. https://www.energystar.gov/products/implement_efficient_data_storage_measures

Section Four: Activities and Timescales

1. Choose Research Topic

 Start Date: 10-9-2023
 End Date: 12-9-2023
2. Write Research Proposal Form
 Start Date: 13-9-2023
 End Date: 15-9-2023
3. Complete Research Proposal Form Draft
 Start Date: 16-9-2023
 End Date: 18-9-2023
4. Milestone 1: Receive Tutor Feedback on Research Proposal Form and Make Revisions
 Start Date: 19-9-2023
 End Date: 23-9-2023
5. Project Planning
 Start Date: 9-9-2023
 End Date: 12-9-2023
6. Literature Review
 Start Date: 11-9-2023
 End Date: 18-9-2023
7. Check Project Progress: Research Proposal, Plan, Literature Review
 Start Date: 1-9-2023
 End Date: 5-11-2023
8. Milestone 2: Receive Tutor Feedback on Literature Reviews
 Start Date: 6-9-2023
 End Date: 10-9-2023
9. Milestone 3: Conduct Qualitative and Quantitative Research
 Start Date: 11-9-2023
 End Date: 26-9-2023
10. Primary Research
 Start Date: 25-9-2023
 End Date: 5-10-2023
11. Milestone 4: Analyze Research Results and Data
  Start Date: 8-9-2023
 End Date: 14-9-2023
12. Milestone 5: Receive Tutor Feedback on Primary Research
 Start Date: 15-9-2023
 End Date: 17-9-2023
13. Conduct Secondary Research
 Start Date: 1-10-2023
 End Date: 2-10-2023
14. Milestone 6: Receive Tutor Feedback on Secondary Research
 Start Date: 2-10-2023
15. Write Assignment 1: LO1 And LO2
 Start Date: 4-10-2023
16. Milestone 7: Review Assignment 1 Draft with Tutor
 Start Date: 7-10-2023
17. Milestone 8: Submit Assignment 1
 Start Date: 10-10-2023
18. Write Assignment 2
 Start Date: 20-10-2023
19. Milestone 9: Review Assignment 2 Draft with Tutor
 Start Date: 15-12-2023

Section Five: Research Approach and Methodologies

 Research Process: Sequential

 Research Classes: Quantitative and Qualitative
 Research Methods: Primary Research (Survey) and Secondary Research (Literature Review)
This research project aims to investigate the environmental impacts of current big data storage models
and explore sustainable materials and practices. The research process will follow a sequential
approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary research will involve conducting
surveys, while secondary research will involve an extensive literature review.
The research process will include data collection, analysis, and the development of recommendations
for sustainable data storage practices. By using a combination of primary and secondary research
methods, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts and
potential solutions in the field of big data storage.

Comments and agreement from tutor

 Comments (Optional): I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for
another qualification and is appropriate.

Agreed: (Name)…… ……………………………………(Date)………………………………………………………………………

Comments and agreement from project proposal checker (if applicable)

Comments (Optional): Agreed:

(Name)……………………………………………………………………(Date)………………………………………………….

XI. Ethical form

Section One: Basic details

Project title: Environmental Impacts and the Search for Alternative Materials in Big Data Storage Models

Student name: Nguyen Dinh Cao

Student number: BH00111

Programme:Information technology.

School: British College Btec-FPT

Intended research start date: 5-9-2023

Intended research end date: 15-12-2023

Section Two: Project summary

Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project:
  Interviews

 Questionnaires

 Observations

 Use of personal records

 Data analysis

 Action research

 Focus groups

Other (please specify): Primary research, Secondary research, Qualitative research, Quantitative
research.
Section Three: Participants

Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?

Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:

Children
How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:

How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made clear to
participants that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?

Studies involving questionnaires:

Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not wish to answer?
 Yes
 No
If No please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this:

 Yes
  No
Studies involving observation:
Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be observed.
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give them a brief explanation of the
study)?
 Yes
 No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study? (This could be a brief summary
of your findings in general.)
 Yes
 No

Section Four: Data storage and security

Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection Act
(1998):
 Yes
 No

Who will have access to the data and personal information?

During the research:

Where will the data be stored?

Will mobile devices (such as USB storage and laptops) be used?

 Yes
 No

If yes, please provide further details:Laptop

After the research:

Where will the data be stored? My Laptop, One Drive, Google Drive

How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Will data be kept for use by other researchers?

 Yes
 No

Section Five: Ethical issues

Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise ethical concerns?
 Yes
 No
If so, please outline how you will deal with these:

It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise as a result of your
research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not
limited to the following:

• Informed consent.

• Potentially vulnerable participants.

• Sensitive topics.

• Risks to participants and/or researchers.

• Confidentiality/anonymity.

• Disclosures/limits to confidentiality.

• Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including transfer, sharing,
encryption, protection).

• Reporting.

• Dissemination and use of your findings.

Section Six: Declaration

 I have read, understood and will abide by [insert centre name] Research Ethics Policy:
 Yes
 No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
 Yes
 No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:

The above information is correct and that this is a full description of the ethics issues that may arise in
the course of my research.

Name: Nguyen Dinh Cao Date: 10-10-2023

XII. CONCLUSION
The study of environmental impacts and the pursuit of alternative materials in big data storage
models reveal an urgent need for sustainable solutions. Traditional data storage practices have taken a
toll on the environment, from energy consumption to electronic waste. However, there is hope in the form
of renewable energy integration and eco-friendly designs. As awareness grows, the integration of
environmentally conscious practices becomes essential. In summary, addressing environmental concerns
in big data storage is not just a choice but a necessity. The future depends on our ability to harmonize
technology and environmental responsibility.
I have completed a robust research proposal, underpinned by a well-structured research question
or hypothesis and substantiated by an extensive literature review (P1). I have researched suitable research
methods and approaches, accounting for factors like cost, accessibility, and ethical considerations for both
primary and secondary research endeavors (P2). My research journey involved conducting primary and
secondary research, thoughtfully addressing cost implications, access challenges, and ethical concerns
(P3). To analyze my findings rigorously, I have applied appropriate analytical tools (P4) and subsequently
communicated the research outcomes effectively to the intended audience, demonstrating their
alignment with the research objectives (P5). Moreover, I have critically assessed various research
approaches and methodologies, justifying my choices based on relevant philosophical and theoretical
frameworks (M1). Additionally, I have delved into the merits, limitations, and potential pitfalls associated
with data collection and analysis approaches, offering a comprehensive evaluation of their strengths and
weaknesses (M2). Ultimately, I have presented my research outcomes coherently and logically, ensuring
they resonate with the predefined research objectives (M3).

XIII. REFERENCES.
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2023]
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22 September 2023]