Workbook audioscript B2+

Unit 1 within the site, members can publish Presenter:

their own blog posts. And there are lots Now, that sounds like the site for me – I
Developing vocabulary and of groups you can join on the site, for love knitting! Now, if you know of any
example, horse care, horse art, jobs with similar sites, text or email us or join our
listening p7 horses, and so on. So within the site you phone-in after the break.
4 and 5 01 can find and join really specific groups.
Presenter: Developing speaking p9
Presenter:
How many social networking sites do you
I’m not sure that’s the site for me … I would 1, 2 and 3 02
go horse riding every week in the summer
use? If you’re like most people, perhaps Interviewer:
holidays as a child, but that was a long time
you use one or two of the most well-known What do you like doing in your free time?
ago! Is there anything similar for people
ones such as Facebook or Twitter …, but
who are dog-lovers, like me? Tomas:
what you might not know is that there are
Jack: Well, I hate being bored, so I’m always
hundreds of social networking sites. Jack
Yes, there is! It’s called Dogster, and there’s busy. I’ll usually play football two or three
Jones has been doing some research. Jack,
one called Catster for people who love times a week and I often go swimming, too.
what sort of following do these sites have?
cats. On Dogster, for example, you can find I’m one of the organisers of the film club at
Jack:
out about different breeds of dog, food school, and that takes quite a lot of time. I
It varies, but you’d be surprised – some of often watch films, of course, and I meet my
and treats, healthcare, training, behaviour
them have millions of followers. And they friends most weekends.
… and so on. It started in America, but
can go from being relatively unknown to
there’s definitely a Dogster UK, too. And of Interviewer:
being hugely popular. Look at Pinterest, for
course, all three of these animal sites have What’s the best way to learn a language?
example. It used to be a small website for
Facebook pages, so you can follow those if Tomas:
people to save images of their hobbies and
you don’t want to join the sites. To my mind, it’s visiting the country where
categorise them on different boards, and
follow other users with similar tastes. But Presenter: the language is spoken. I’ve been learning
nine months after it launched it had 10,000 My dog is always behaving badly so that English for six years and I’ve been to
users and within two years it had become might be helpful for him! So, there are England twice to summer schools. Those
one of the top ten largest social networking plenty of sites for people with pets. What stays really helped me! I would speak to
sites with 11 million visits a week! else? English people whenever I could to practise.
Presenter: Jack: I used to listen to songs in English, too. Of
For me, one of the strangest ones I came course, you also have to study hard!
That sounds a lot – but is it really, in terms
of social networking sites? across is called REMcloud. REM stands for Interviewer:
Jack: Rapid Eye Movement, and it’s the phase Who has been the most important person
of sleep when we dream. REMcloud is a in your life so far?
Well, it was the fastest site in history
site where you can share your dreams and Tomas:
to break through 10 million visitors.
compare them with other people’s. It has Let me think about that for a second … My
In March 2012 it was the third largest
over a million users, so it’s pretty popular. parents are important of course, but I think
social networking site in America, behind
What’s interesting about it is that we tend the most important person has been my
Facebook and Twitter. In February of 2013
to think of our dreams as being unique and grandma. She’ll always listen to me and
it had 48.7 million users and just a few
personal, but in fact you’ll probably find she’s a great person to discuss any problems
months later in July, that figure had gone
your dream is the same or pretty similar to with. She’s a lot of fun, too. She’s always
up to 70 million users worldwide.
at least one other person’s dream. It seems making me laugh. I’ve learnt a lot from her.
Presenter: dreaming is more of a shared experience
That’s pretty amazing for a site that started Interviewer:
than we might think.
as a place for people to share their interest What do you usually do on holiday?
Presenter:
in arts and crafts, fashion and food! I Tomas:
That’s no good for me because I never
remember that I was always posting ideas Hmm … I usually go to the beach with
remember my dreams! Any other sites?
and looking at people’s boards when it first my family. We used to spend all summer
started. So what are some of the other sites Jack:
there when I was a child, but now we go
you’ve found out about? Another interesting site I found was called for a month. We go to the same village
Jack: RedKaraoke. As you’d imagine, it’s for every year, so I see my friends there, do
people who like singing karaoke. You can water sports … swimming and surfing for
There really is something for everybody …
actually sing karaoke together with people instance, and relax. Personally, I think that’s
One of the first sites I looked at is called
on the site and other users become your what holidays are for!
Trot On.
fans! It’s got over 4.5 million members and
Presenter: Interviewer:
over 2.5 million people have downloaded
Trot On? Let me guess … it’s something to Thank you.
the app. There are lots of karaoke songs
do with horses. and lyrics, too. Developing vocabulary and
Jack: Presenter: listening p15
Yes! It’s a social networking site for horse- So, do you have to pay?
lovers and riders. It’s free to join, and Jack:
4 and 5 03
members can share photos, videos and
Well, you can join up for free and try it, but Presenter:
experiences with each other, and the site
you need to buy VIP membership to sing We continue our series of interviews
has its own blog. The posts look pretty
with other people. And while we’re on the with people about their jobs. On today’s
varied: I saw one giving tips for riding
subject of hobbies, there’s also a site for programme we’ll be talking to Teresa
competitions, another was dedicated to
knitters called Ravelry. It’s got over 3 million Lyons. Teresa, you have what’s often been
clothing for horse riders and there was
members, and they share knitting patterns described as one of the most dangerous
another about improving technique. And
and ideas with fellow knitting enthusiasts. jobs in the world. What is it that you do?

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Teresa: Teresa: Presenter:

Well, I’m not a mountain climber or an No, traffic congestion and constant road So even with all the difficulties, you still love
astronaut or a firefighter, if that’s what repairs can cause road conditions that your job?
you’re thinking … But I do put my life on are almost like gridlock. That can try the Teresa:
the line every day when I get in to my car to patience of the most even-tempered Oh yes, it may be hard, but it’s a secure job.
do my job teaching people to drive. drivers and some, inevitably, get angry and People will always need driving instructors.
Presenter: take unnecessary risks that make driving And I enjoy the challenges and I certainly
There can’t be too many people who want unsafe for others. never get bored. That might be the best
to risk getting into a car with someone Presenter: reason for doing this job!
who’s never driven before. Yes, driving is not just about being safe
Teresa: yourself, it’s about staying safe when other Unit 2
I love it in spite of the risks … but drivers do silly things, too. What about road
sometimes I think it would be easier to be rage? Do you think that exists? Developing speaking p17
an astronaut or a firefighter! Teresa:
1 and 2 04
Presenter: Definitely! Most people are very
How long have you been doing your job? considerate of learner drivers, as they can David: The picture shows some people.
still remember what it was like learning to I think they might be tourists
Teresa:
drive. So they’re patient if a learner driver because they’re on an open-top
Believe it or not, I started in the business
goes more slowly or is a bit hesitant. But bus, the type used for city tours
just over 30 years ago. In fact, it’s coming
I remember once I was giving a young and sightseeing. They must be in a
up for 32 years now. I was just 23 when I
driver his first lesson and he stalled the car city because you can see an historic
started.
in the middle of a busy road junction. He building in the background and
Presenter: started the engine again quite quickly but street lights on the left. The people
It can’t have been easy being a female by that time, the traffic lights had changed. are dressed in warm clothes so it
instructor then. What were people’s A driver coming in the opposite direction must be a cold or windy day. They
reactions? couldn’t turn right. Instead of waiting, he might be on a group tour from the
Teresa: got out of his car and started shouting and same country or maybe they’re on
To be honest, I never had any problems. I he even banged on the roof of the car. a city break having a short holiday
suppose if I’d started in the fifties it would Presenter: to relax from their busy lives, or
have been a different story, but when I That must have been very frightening. perhaps they’re visiting the city as
started it was a little unusual, but nothing Teresa: part of a longer holiday. I imagine
extraordinary. I had a few people who were they chose to travel by open-top
It was. He kept shouting about how he had
surprised at first because my nickname’s bus so they could see the sights in
to get to hospital to see his wife, but it was
Terry, so they were expecting a man. After a relatively short time and get a feel
scary. Driving can definitely bring out the
that I put my full name on my business for the layout of the city. That’s what
worst in some people.
page. A lot of women prefer a female I would do. I think these tours are a
Presenter: great way to sightsee. It’s certainly
teacher, so I was never short of clients.
He was probably a nice, calm person something I’d try.
Presenter:
normally. Being worried could well have
And have things changed much?
been the reason he behaved like that, but
Teresa: he shouldn’t have done it. Gateway to exams: Units 1–2
It’s not like it was when I started. Of course, Teresa:
some things are the same. It’s still hard to Gateway to exams p21
You’re right. Part of my job is helping
learn to drive. That hasn’t changed. You
people cope with the problems they may 4 05
have to master the physical controls of the
face with other road users. Luckily that
vehicle and then there are the different Presenter 1:
learner coped well and wasn’t put off
behavioural responses you need to
driving completely. Some people might If you’ve ever been driving somewhere
develop, too.
never have got behind the wheel again. and got lost, then you’ll know how hard it
Presenter: can be to navigate using a map. Since they
Presenter:
Such as? were invented, satnavs have made drivers’
What about in-car distractions?
Teresa: lives much easier. These electronic gadgets
Teresa:
Making split-second decisions like slowing use computer systems and information
Getting people to understand the dangers
down when you see someone is about from satellites to tell you how to reach
of using phones, even hands-free devices,
to cross the road or knowing instinctively places. They are incredibly reliable most of
is incredibly difficult. It’s one of the trickiest
when a car is going to pull out in front the time and almost always direct drivers to
parts of my job! People don’t realise how
of you. That’s all part of it. But with the the correct destination.
distracting they can be. A distraction,
increase in traffic, learning to drive is a Presenter 2:
even a small one, can cause an accident.
whole new ball game these days. They do, however, rely on people putting in
Anything that takes your concentration
Presenter: from the road is a potential danger. Even the correct information about their
Yes, it must be much more difficult to learn distractions such as listening to music, destination. It’s also important to have an
to drive on today’s roads. talking to people or eating and drinking. idea of where you’re going and stop and
Teresa: Some people want to ban drivers eating check if the directions seem to be sending
Absolutely. I’m glad I’m not learning now! in cars, but I think it’s OK to eat a banana you to the wrong place. Here are some
or a chocolate bar … especially if you’re examples of times when motorists would
Presenter:
driving long distances and need to eat to have been better to ignore the voice on the
Of course, it’s not just the sheer number of
stay awake. satnav giving directions, and instead look
cars that makes driving more difficult, is it?
out the window and use their common sense.

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Presenter 1: directions, she ended up driving her van things. We’re creatures of habit, we tend to
Two Swedish holidaymakers were right into the water! Fortunately, she was take the same routes when we drive places
attempting to get to the island of Capri, unhurt although her van got stuck. and do things in the same order when we
about 40 kilometres off the coast of Presenter 2: get up in the morning … So every day I
Naples in southern Italy. However, after So, listeners, the next time you use your try to do at least one thing differently from
mistakenly typing in Carpi, they ended up satnav, make sure you don’t repeat any of normal. For example, I go on walks but
in an industrial town almost 650 kilometres these mistakes! never follow the same route. That forces
away in the north of the country! It’s hard my brain to stay active by planning and
to understand how they managed it, since Unit 3 thinking. Sometimes I use the computer,
the two places are not in the same area of other times I jot down notes, so my brain
the country and Carpi is an inland town and has to keep switching between different
Developing vocabulary and
Capri is an island. When they discovered activities. All the research shows variety
listening p25 really is the spice of life.
their mistake, the two Swedes were
surprised, but not angry. They simply got 5 and 6 06 Speaker 4:
back in the car and started driving south. Speaker 1: I used to work in a big law firm, but I work
Presenter 2: I’ve always loved challenging my brain and for myself now running a taxi business. The
A group of tourists on a Christmas really making myself think. I think that’s hours are really long and setting up on your
shopping trip ended up in completely what improves your thinking power, you own is tough, I’ve found it stressful. When
the wrong country after their coach driver know, the more you use it, the better it you’re stressed, thinking logically becomes
picked the wrong destination on his satnav. gets. When I was younger I used to do a lot more difficult. One day I was talking about
The shoppers were supposed to be going of word puzzles. I think doing crosswords the problem to a friend when we were
to Lille in France, but they ended up in a made me think about the meaning of having a drink in a café … Anyway, as we
village of the same name 160 kilometres words and improve my vocabulary. That’s were leaving a lady came up to us. She’d
away in Belgium. Unfortunately, the detour one of the reasons I fell in love with words overheard us discussing different ways to
added four hours to their journey so when and got into my job now … When you relax and she made a fantastic suggestion.
they eventually arrived in the right Lille they simultaneously translate what one person It turned out she was a yoga teacher and
only had two hours to buy things before all says for another to understand, then you she let me come to one of her classes. After
the shops shut for the evening. really have to love working with language that, I went on an eight-week course, and
Presenter 1: and be able to think on your feet! I already now I spend about 30 minutes a day sitting
speak four languages and now I’m studying and using the different techniques I’ve
You wouldn’t expect to find a car satnav
Russian. Research has shown that bilingual learnt. Sitting still and breathing deeply has
on board a boat, and still less for someone
speakers have higher levels of cognitive decreased my stress and I can now focus
to try to use it – but that’s just what an
control: they think better and solve better. My decision-making and memory
amateur sailor did. He ran into trouble on
problems better than monolingual adults. have also improved. Everyone has noticed
the River Thames in London while trying
So I’d encourage everyone to learn at least the change in me.
to reach the city of Rochester in Kent.
Unfortunately, his boat ran aground near one other language if they want to keep Speaker 5:
Canvey Island and coastguards had to their brain healthy. I give classes in different sports at a big
rescue him. When police investigated, they Speaker 2: fitness centre and I always thought I was
were astonished to find the man using the Numbers are my thing, and I spend all quite coordinated, but when I started
satnav system to try and navigate! Not only day sitting at a desk working with them. learning to play the double bass I found
that, despite the bad weather conditions, I don’t deal with customers, just the it difficult that one hand was doing a
the man had no maps, no functioning radio numbers. I work in the foreign exchange completely different thing to the other! I
and no emergency flares. department, so I need to know about could already read music, so that wasn’t a
Presenter 2: different currencies and about making problem … but I’m really having to practise
transactions. Anyway, recently, one of my hard. The benefits for my brain are huge,
And bad weather was involved in another
colleagues persuaded me to go to salsa though. It stimulates different parts of the
satnav disaster when a group of four British
classes with her and I haven’t looked back! brain … you’ve got motor control, hearing,
tourists were stuck in a remote part of
Apart from getting fitter, I’ve found it really visual and spatial skills … and memory, of
Australia for days before authorities could
does sharpen your brain. Moving around course. And it’s one of the few activities
rescue them. The tourists were driving in
improves the flow of blood to the brain, that really involves both sides of the brain
the Australian outback when their satnav
and because you need to use different – the right hemisphere, the creative part
sent them down a muddy road. The driver
parts of the brain – the cerebral cortex and of the brain, and the left hemisphere,
didn’t notice a road sign warning that the
the hippocampus – new neural pathways the more logical side of the brain. It also
road was closed because of heavy rain. The
are formed. Since I started, I’ve found stimulates emotions, so you’ve got that
car got stuck in the mud and because the
I’m more creative and I’ve noticed myself aspect, too. In my case, it allows me to
weather was so bad the rescuers couldn’t
making complex decisions more quickly. I’m relax and switch off after a day running
reach them for four days.
totally hooked – I’m even thinking about around with my students!
Presenter 1:
Rob Jones from Doncaster in England and training to become a teacher! Developing speaking p27
Petra Lang from Austria both had lucky Speaker 3:
escapes following their satnav disasters. I don’t work now, though I used to work 5, 6 and 7 07
43-year-old Jones was trying to find his in an office … that’s why I’m interested in Speaker 1:
way to a friend’s house in Yorkshire when keeping my brain as healthy and sharp as I’d like to start by saying that I’m totally in
his satnav took him down a steep path possible. They say that your diet is really favour of home schooling. Firstly, it’s perfect
resulting in his car getting stuck against important, you’re supposed to eat fish for talented children because it lets them
a small fence, dangerously close to a 30 three times a week, and lots of vegetables progress at their own speed and this is very
metre cliff. 27-year-old Lang was trying to and nuts, things like that. I don’t know … I motivating. Secondly, it’s beneficial for other
get to Lake Grundlsee, a popular bathing don’t really believe in all that stuff. What I children, too. There’s no denying that there’s
area near her home. Following her satnav like to do is not get into set ways of doing a lot of bullying in schools and furthermore

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many children suffer from peer pressure. Presenter: And so everyone who now has blue eyes
With home schooling, there is no bullying So, when you trace back paternal lines is descended from this one ancestor in
and no peer pressure. Let’s not forget that far enough there would only be one northern Europe. It’s a mutation of the gene
many less-gifted children struggle in school. man whose paternal line has continued that we get the colour of our hair, eyes and
Home schooling means that they get unbroken until now, and that man is genetic skin from.
continuous one-to-one teaching. In short, Adam … the most recent common male Presenter:
there are many reasons why home schooling ancestor. Right.
is the ideal form of education. Jake: Jake:
Speaker 2: Yes, that’s right. You could say he was And knowing this sort of information allows
Some people say that home schooling is the man that all Y chromosomes come scientists to calculate more accurately
good for gifted children because they aren’t from. And geneticists have been trying to events in human history, for example, the
really catered for well in our education calculate just how long ago he lived for date when humans first arrived in Europe
system, but I don’t agree. And home quite some time. from Africa. I think people are fascinated by
schooling isn’t a good idea for most children. Presenter: their origins: knowing where we came from
They need to learn about things like social and when is something that fascinates all
Now, the study was done in Iceland, wasn’t
interaction. They get that from mixing with of us.
it? How exactly did they work out genetic
other children in class and in the playground
Adam’s age? Presenter:
and playing sports at school. That’s another
Jake: So genetic Adam and genetic Eve can tell
useful thing to learn, being a team player.
Iceland is an interesting population us something about our shared history …
You miss out a lot if you’re home schooled.
because historically they’ve had fewer where we’ve come from and perhaps a little
Some parents that home school their
invasions from other countries than much more about how our species is evolving –
children can push them too much, so that’s
of the rest of the world. In other words, and possibly what might happen to us next.
a reason why home schooling isn’t always
there have been fewer people from the Thank you, Jake.
good for gifted children.
outside coming into the country and
Developing speaking p35
Unit 4 changing the gene pool and so there are
a smaller number of Y chromosomes in the 4 09
population. The researchers compared the
Developing vocabulary and Presenter:
Y chromosomes of just over 750 Icelandic
listening p33 men and grouped them into 274 paternal Now, we come to the results of our survey
lines. Then they looked at the number of on climate change. The pie chart in A
3 and 4 08
changes, or mutations, that happen in the shows how participants rated their actions
Presenter: to help limit climate change. They had
DNA in each generation and they used this
Welcome to Science Weekly. In today’s data to calculate Adam’s age. to respond to the statement ‘My actions
programme we’ll be hearing why the results can limit the effects of climate change’.
Presenter:
of a recent study have excited geneticists. Participants could respond: strongly agree,
Jake Simpson is here to tell us about it. They don’t have an exact figure, do they?
agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree
Now, Jake, this is the largest ever genetic Jake: or strongly disagree. An overwhelming
study of a single population, isn’t it? So No, it’s still an estimate, but it is later majority said they agreed or strongly
what exactly has it shown and why are than originally believed. Previously, it was agreed that their actions were effective to
geneticists so interested? thought that genetic Adam lived about help limit the effects of climate change – in
Jake: 350,000 years ago, but they now know he fact, the biggest proportion, just under
The study has shown that humans are most likely lived about 250,000 years ago. 50%, strongly agreed and about a third
evolving more quickly than scientists had Presenter: agreed. Just under 20% said they neither
previously thought. They’ve shown that So if genetic Adam lived around then, what agreed nor disagreed, and almost 1 in 10
practically every man alive today can trace about genetic Eve? She would be the last said they disagreed. A little under 5% said
his origins back to the same male ancestor, woman that all living females can trace their they strongly disagreed.
who’s been given the name of ‘genetic Adam’. DNA back to. Is that right? The bar chart in B shows who people trust
Presenter: Jake: to get their information about climate
So is genetic Adam the first male ever? Yes. Genetic Eve is believed to have lived change from. Considerably more people
Jake: around 200,000 years ago. And before you trust scientists than any other source,
ask me genetic Adam and genetic Eve are making a total of 475 people. Charities
No, there would have been other men alive at
very unlikely to have ever met! and pressure groups were also considered
the time, but most paternal lines come to an
Presenter: very reliable, with a total of just over 450
end. The paternal line is the genetic material
people. Friends and family also ranked
that is passed down from father to son. The scientists have obviously gone to a lot
highly with a total of 230. The fourth
Presenter: of effort to date these earliest ancestors …
largest group was the national media who
So why do paternal lines come to an end? why do they want to know when they were
scored 200 votes. In comparison with this,
alive?
Jake: celebrities scored the lowest with only 20
Jake:
Well, men have, on average, one male votes. The second smallest number of votes
child … and males have one X and one Y Well, as I said earlier, it shows that humans went to businesses, with a total of 30 votes.
chromosome, inherited from their parents. are evolving more quickly now. At least 7%
The graph in C shows the percentages of
Females have two X chromosomes but no of human genes have evolved relatively
people who think that global warming will
Y. So, for example, if I have a son in future, recently. For example, humans originally
affect them in their lifetime. Until 2008, the
he will inherit a Y chromosome from me. all had brown eyes – there were no blue
number of people who thought it would
But if my son then had no sons – so no or green eyes at all. Then somewhere
gradually increased and the number of
children or only daughters – the paternal between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago
people who thought it wouldn’t slowly
line would end. As you can imagine, this there was a genetic mutation that led to
decreased. Since then, the figures have
happens quite frequently. one person having blue eyes and fair skin.
changed somewhat. Between 2010 and

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2013, the percentage of people who but that’s a mistake. I’m a manager in a small playing games – they should be looking
thought global warming would affect them company and we recruit people for their at the problems young people face, like
rose from 32% to 38%. But by 2013 it had overall skills, not just their qualifications. Two conditions at home and lack of funding for
dropped to 34%. However, after that it rose of the last three people I’ve employed have schools and limited job prospects.
quite dramatically to an all-time high of been gamers – they’ve got great attention
58% in 2015. In contrast, the percentage spans, excellent memories and they’re Unit 5
of people who though global warming really good at making quick decisions when
wouldn’t affect them dropped from 67% necessary. In my opinion that’s all down to Developing vocabulary and
in 2010 to 61% in 2012. Then it levelled playing games. listening p43
off, rising only to 64% in 2013. In 2015 it Speaker 3:
reached a low of 40%. There’s no question about the effects of 3 and 4 12
playing computer games on the brain. I’ve Rob: Hi, Rob Bailey here on Crime Time.
Developing speaking p35 In today’s digital world the police
been doing some research for an article
5 10 and the facts are pretty alarming. Studies need to find ways to help them
have demonstrated that children who play catch criminals and prevent further
Presenter: crimes. Sam Hawkins has been
violent video games over a long period of
An overwhelming majority said they agreed time develop more aggressive behaviour. I investigating the future of crime
or strongly agreed that their actions were know there are other studies that show that prevention and the latest technology
effective to help limit the effects of climate family and social problems probably have available to US police. Sam, are
change – in fact, the biggest proportion, more of an effect than gaming, but none American police stations soon going
just under 50%, strongly agreed and about of them, as far as I know, were carried out to be like something from a sci-fi
a third agreed. Just under 20% said they over such a long period of time; they’re film?
neither agreed nor disagreed, and almost just not conclusive. I’d like to write another Sam: Not quite yet, but they are starting
one in ten said they disagreed. A little article about the differences in the games to use, or they’re looking at using,
under 5% said they strongly disagreed. boys and girls play, as I think that’d be a some interesting technology.
really interesting subject, too. It’s always difficult for police
Gateway to exams: Units 3–4 Speaker 4: when questioning a suspect to
In my profession, you need great spatial tell whether or not they’re lying.
awareness and studies have shown that Most police stations are currently
Gateway to exams p39 equipped with some sort of lie
playing action video games improves
3 and 4 11 people’s ability to quickly locate a target detector machine, which uses
Speaker 1: when there are a lot of distractions around. indicators such as heart rate or facial
Another study demonstrated that action expressions. But it seems that police
Some young people play computer games
games increase the ability of children and will soon be using a system called
too often and then they just can’t live
adults to keep track of a set of moving brain fingerprinting that is far more
without them, they get totally hooked.
objects … those are exactly the kind of accurate. As the name suggests,
When you ask them to switch them off, they
skills you need to play basketball. I’m it can look into a person’s brain to
protest … it’s almost as if they’re addicted.
convinced that it has helped me improve see their brainwaves and it can see
They exercise less because they’d rather
my game and it’s a great way to relax, how a person reacts when looking at
be indoors playing than outside running
especially when you’ve got an important certain images. It means that police
around. The worst thing is that these games
match coming up. I also find it helps me to will have a potential window into
are having a serious effect on standards of
wind down after a hard game. Another someone’s past.
literacy. In the school where I work, I see it
all the time. The kids have terrible problems interesting thing about video gaming is that Rob: But will it be 100% accurate?
concentrating and learning, and their levels it’s been shown to reduce impulsiveness, so Sam: As far as scientists can tell, yes.
of reading and writing are poor. They have it helps you decide when to take action and Because it looks inside the brain at
trouble focussing on things for more than a when not to – that’s great for me. I definitely its activity, it will be very difficult for
few minutes in class. To my mind, computer won’t stop playing! I really think if you want someone to cheat.
games are the cause of declining standards to develop a range of different skills then Rob: So is it being used everywhere?
in learning. And of course, some young you should take up video gaming. Sam: Not yet. It’s taken a long time for
people aren’t interested in anything else Speaker 5: the technology to be developed.
besides their games. I know they’ve got the There have been a lot of studies about But it has been used in some court
potential to do much better in class and the effects of gaming, and many people cases and I believe they’re on the
work towards better qualifications, but they worry it encourages violent behaviour point of using it more widely around
can’t be bothered. … but I don’t really think there’s any the country and even around the
Speaker 2: conclusive evidence. What I can say from world. It’s possible that by the end
The newspapers are full of talk about the my experience at work is that juvenile of this century it will have become
harmful effects of computer games and crime has fallen. There’s some evidence impossible for criminals to get away
video games … but I don’t believe it’s that most crimes such as vandalism or theft with crime!
true. I read recently that video gamers by young people are committed by kids Rob: And what about other technology?
were better than non-gamers at flying and that don’t play games and it could well Sam: Well, police in some areas such
landing drones – in fact they were as skilled be right. I mean, if you’ve got a place to as Los Angeles are already using
as qualified pilots! And a group of surgeons hang out with your friends and play games, a programme call PredPol. It’s
who spent time playing video games later why would you be out on the street doing predictive software that calculates
became better at operating on people than things that you shouldn’t be doing? I where crimes are most likely to
those who didn’t. Well, that speaks for itself, reckon that kids learn quite a lot from these happen.
doesn’t it? I expect a lot of young people games, you know, things like developing
Rob: And how can a computer accurately
don’t put video games as an interest on their problem-solving and thinking skills. People
predict where a crime might happen?
CV because they think it’ll put people off, are too concerned about the effects of

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Sam: Well, it uses software to make … If the police are chasing a car with to be one of the best works of American
predictions based on times and this system, they can ask an OnStar architecture and it is listed among the
locations of previous crimes, together operator to send a signal to the car. Smithsonian’s Life List of 28 places to
with information about the way The signal slows the car down to visit before you die. The house became a
criminals operate. By the end of the about five miles an hour and it also National Historic Landmark in 1966. It sits in
month, the police will have only been restricts the fuel supply, so the car the 5,000 acre Bear Run National Park.
using it for six months, but the results can’t travel far, making it much more Lloyd Wright designed and built it for
have been very promising so far. Since difficult for criminals to get away. the Kaufmann family, a leading family in
they started using it, burglaries have Again, this type of technology means the Pittsburgh area: Edgar Kaufmann, his
fallen by 19%, which is remarkable. that it would be theoretically possible wife Liliane and their son Edgar Jr. At that
Rob: So what sort of crimes is it being to keep track of everyone’s movements. stage in his life, Wright was known to have
used for? I can definitely see why people are designed many innovative buildings and
Sam: Interestingly, it was first used worried. But does it mean that we to be a nature lover, and Edgar Jr was
to predict where home and car shouldn’t use this type of technology fascinated by his designs … In fact, Edgar
burglaries might happen and officers at all and so catch fewer criminals? Jr had briefly studied architecture under
were given printouts of the locations Rob: That’s a good question, Sam, and Wright, so he was the natural choice for the
at the start of their shifts. Now it’s one that I’m sure will continue to be family when they wanted someone to make
also being used to try and prevent asked as more technology like this is a very special house for them.
bike thefts and attacks. developed. Thank you for talking to Wright is reported to have drawn up the
Rob: And what about marking property to us today. plans in two hours … although the planning
prevent burglaries? Something that’s took much longer than that! He first visited
Developing speaking p45 the site at the very end of 1934 and then a
just starting to catch on in the UK
with property owners is SmartWater. 1 and 2 13 detailed survey of the property was done.
As the name suggests, it’s a water- Nine months after their first meeting,
Max: Hi Kate, I hope I’m not interrupting? Kaufmann rang Wright to say that he would
based liquid which you spray over
I just wanted to ask you something. be visiting later that day. Wright had told
your possessions. Each bottle of
SmartWater has a unique chemical Kate: That’s fine. him he had been working hard on the plans,
code, sort of like a barcode, so stolen Max: I’d like some advice about ways to but in fact he hadn’t actually put anything
items can be identified and returned. improve my English. down on paper! By the time Kaufmann
Sam: I haven’t heard about that. Kate: Well, you like music, so what about arrived two hours later, Wright had calmly
downloading some songs in English? drawn the plans. It is reported that
Rob: And there’s also 3D imaging. I know
Max: The only problem is, I don’t always Kaufmann was initially very upset that Wright
the police here are talking about using
understand what they’re saying. had designed the house to sit at the top of
that more to help them with crime
Kate: There are some great websites with the 30 foot waterfall because he loved the
scenes. Do you use that in the US?
song lyrics. Why don’t you check view of the waterfall from directly opposite
Sam: Yes, 3D technology in crime-fighting
them out? and he had wanted the house on the south
is really starting to take off. Forensic
bank of the river, looking at the waterfall.
scientists in Connecticut are using a Max: That’s a good idea. Do you think I
should try to learn the lyrics? Luckily, Wright managed to convince him
program called DeltaSphere-3000 to
and the result is this incredible house that
recreate 3D images of crime scenes Kate: No, I don’t think that’s necessary!
seems to be part of the environment, not
so they can study them after the Watching films is good, too. Have
separate from it. The house appears to float
scene has been cleared up and then you thought about that?
over a waterfall and although it has three
use them in court … And, this is my Max: Do you mean films in English?
floors, it blends right into the landscape,
favourite, police in Japan are using Kate: Of course! You can always watch which totally reflects the fact that it was
3D imaging for facial recognition to them with subtitles, to help your conceived as a nature retreat for its owners.
catch foreign criminals. We aren’t comprehension. There are a few interesting features that
using it like that yet, but I do think
Max: Yes, that sounds sensible. help reinforce this impression. One is that
we’ll be using 3D technology far
the huge windows have no frames – they
more for facial recognition soon.
Rob: What about concerns that this sort
Unit 6 appear to emerge directly from the rock.
This was achieved by carving out narrow
of facial recognition technology
Developing vocabulary and channels in the rock and setting the glass
might invade people’s privacy? You
know, what if we end up with a giant listening p51 straight into it. Another feature is the
colours – Wright restricted himself to just
computer database with everyone’s 3 and 4 14 two natural colours, a very light brown for
face on, whether they’re a criminal
Presenter: the concrete and a deep red for the metal,
or not?
the two main materials for the house. The
Sam: Yes, I know a lot of people object to Fallingwater is the name of a unique house
final feature that helps the house to feel
this kind of technology being used built in the magnificent Laurel Highlands
part of nature is the constant sound of the
because they don’t want to be about 90 minutes south of Pittsburgh,
waterfall inside the house and the fact that
monitored constantly. But as far as I Pennsylvania, in the US. It was designed in
the rock it is built on is integrated into the
know, police in this country won’t be 1935 by the American architect Frank Lloyd
living room floor.
able to include people without a Wright and is probably one of his most
iconic works. The main house was built Interestingly, there’s a stairway directly from
criminal record. And connected to
between 1936 and 1938, but it could easily the living room down to the river below,
this issue is a piece of technology
have been built in the past few years since and the views from the balconies are said
developed by General Motors, one
its design looks modern even today. to be spectacular. It has been suggested
of the biggest car manufacturers in
that the house has achieved an amazing
the US. It’s fitted all its cars with a The finished house was featured on the
harmony with nature … that it is truly an
vehicle safety system called OnStar cover of Time magazine in 1938 and
organic design.
instantly became famous. Today it is said

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The original estimate for building the house Presenter 2: homeless population so it’s no surprise that
was $35,000 but in the end, the final cost People become homeless for a number since Utah’s dramatic success, other states
was $155,000, the equivalent of $2.6 million of reasons such as losing their job, including Indiana, Hawaii and Washington
today. Restoration of the house in 2009 was a lack of affordable housing, health are considering doing the same.
reported to have cost over $11.4 million. problems or debt. Whatever the reason Presenter 1:
The guest quarters, built two years after the for being homeless, the consequences And it’s not only other states in America
main house, include the servants’ quarters are devastating. If you are homeless, it is that are considering adopting the policy.
and cost considerably less, at $58,000. extremely difficult to get a job or stay in a Officials in Utah hope that one day other
What’s interesting is that they use the same job. Accessing healthcare and other social countries might be interested, too.
quality of materials and blend in with nature care is also much more difficult if you don’t
just as well. And they feature a swimming have a home. You’re also much more likely Unit 7
pool which uses water from a spring that to experience problems with health, self-
then drains into the river below. confidence and isolation. So it’s a really Developing vocabulary and
Fallingwater was donated to the public crucial issue.
listening p61
as a museum in 1963. It is thought that Presenter 1:
over five million people have visited it Now one of the states in America is leading 3 and 4 17
since it opened to the public in 1964, and the way in solving the problem. In Utah, Presenter:
it receives well over 150,000 visitors a one of the inland states not too far from Today on Making Your Mark we’re talking
year. If you are interested in architecture, California, 14% of the homeless population to Sandra Billingham, head of an award-
you can go on one of the Fallingwater used to be chronically homeless – that’s winning advertising agency. Sandra, you’ve
camp residency programmes which are 1,932 people. People are considered said that an American entrepreneur was
designed for adults and students as a way to be chronically homeless if they’ve one of your inspirations to try something a
of using architecture to help with learning been without a home for a full year or if little different. Can you tell us about him?
and personal transformation. There are they’ve been homeless three times in four Sandra:
also several youth programmes every year years. But Utah has now reduced chronic
where you can study poetry, creative writing Well, his name was originally Jason Sadler,
homelessness by an incredible 91%. Only
and do an apprenticeship. and is now Jason Zook, but that may
178 people in the whole state now remain
change. He’s quite extraordinary. Each
chronically homeless and Utah’s housing
Developing speaking p53 of the methods he’s used for advertising
officials know them all by name. How did
has been innovative. None have been
1, 2 and 3 15 they achieve this? With a simple solution –
traditional. In fact, the reason his name
giving homeless people homes.
Examiner: Can you describe the photo? has changed is that he sold his surname to
Presenter 2: advertisers. In 2013, he set up a website,
Student: The picture shows a couple of
people, they look as if they’re The state of Utah adopted a policy buymylastname, where he auctioned his
related … they’re probably mother called ‘Housing First’ in 2005. Previously, surname to the highest bidder.
and daughter because they look homeless people had been required to get Presenter:
quite similar. I’m not sure where a job and solve any health issues that had
And he got a bidder?
they are – maybe in the garden led them to become homeless before they
Sandra:
of their house because there’s a could apply to social services for housing.
However, for most homeless people this Eleven companies bid in the auction
large white house in the actually, and in the end Headsets.com
background or I suppose it could is just too difficult to achieve. How do you
apply for a job if you have no address or bought the rights for a year, for the sum of
be their allotment as the garden $45,000.
area looks big. They’re wearing phone number? How do you improve your
health? How can you get to work or job Presenter:
T-shirts and the mother is wearing
a light-weight jacket because interviews? It’s incredibly difficult to do any Presumably Headsets.com sell headsets
generally speaking that’s what of these when your main concern is getting … so what exactly did they get for their
you wear on a sunny day like your next meal and finding a safe place to money?
this. It’s definitely summertime. sleep. Sandra:
They’re working on the vegetable Presenter 1: Yes, that’s right, they’re a San Francisco-
plot. Presumably they’ve just Now, that policy has been reversed – based company and they specialise in
picked some of the ripe homeless people are first given a house headsets for telemarketing and offices.
vegetables very carefully, maybe and then given help to tackle the problems Jason Sadler legally changed his name to
some carrots, I think. They look that led them to becoming homeless. Many Jason Headsetsdotcom. The auction hit
relaxed, apparently they’re quite have already found jobs and are turning the headlines and after he’d changed his
at home there, so I imagine this their lives around. Having a place to live name, Jason blogged about the company.
is something they regularly do. has allowed them to do that. It doesn’t just Their investment paid off because they
They seem quite content. make sense from a social point of view, it generated around $250,000 in new sales
also makes financial sense. It costs $19,000 and over $6 million in media coverage.
to take care of someone who is living on Presenter:
Gateway to exams: Units 5–6 the streets, but less than $8,000 to house You said that was the first time he sold his
and help someone through the Housing surname?
Gateway to exams p57 First plan in Utah. Sandra:
Presenter 2:
3 16 Yes, Headsets.com bought the rights to his
Utah is the only state that has achieved surname for a year, and then he auctioned
Presenter 1:
such a sharp reduction in homelessness. it again and SurfrApp won. The company
During today’s programme, we’ll be They’ve had no extra funding, just taken a wanted people to know about their app
discussing possible solutions to a problem different approach to solving the problem. which gives you access to surf reports about
faced by a growing number of people Chronic homelessness rates across the top surfing areas, weather forecasts and
today – homelessness. United States stand at about 10% of the

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travel resources in 68 countries. And after was employing four other people to wear product before you buy it. In my opinion,
SurfrApp’s year was over, Jason changed T-shirts and blog about the companies … it’s the best place to buy music.
his surname again, this time to Jason and his business IWearYourShirt was Student 1:
Zook. He chose the surname after his great bringing in an annual turnover of $500,000. I suppose so, but I think it has disadvantages,
grandfather, Roy Zook, who he admired. He had some pretty major clients, too, too. For example, I wouldn’t buy clothes
Presenter: including Starbucks and Pizza Hut. online. I think people prefer to buy things
So that wasn’t a commercial decision? Presenter: like clothes in a shop where they can try
Sandra: And did he still follow the same pricing them on and …
No, a personal choice. model? Student 2:
Presenter: Sandra: In this picture you can see a market. A
Selling your surname’s a pretty unusual Yes, but by 2010 he was charging $5 on woman is buying fruit and vegetables. She’s
form of advertising. Why do you think it 1st January, $10 on 2nd January, $15 on looking at all the fruit and deciding what
was so successful? 3rd January and so on. to buy. She’s probably gone to the market
Presenter: because they have the freshest produce.
Sandra:
So his employees must be good at Student 1:
By the time he first sold his surname in 2013,
Jason had already built up a reputation for blogging and using social media. Yes, you’re right, the produce is always
using social media and blogging to advertise Sandra: fresh and the prices are usually reasonable.
a huge variety of products. In 2008, he had Yes, he used social media to find them. I think the only disadvantage of markets
set up his innovative company IWearYourShirt. All potential employees had to make a really is that they don’t always have them
New clients were asking him about social video CV which people then voted for on every day, they’re usually only on certain
media, something which he had no experience YouTube. Again, it was great publicity for days. And parking can be a problem if you
in, and he saw it as an opportunity for the company. go to them by car. What do you think about
advertising. supermarkets?
Presenter:
Presenter: Student 2:
So does the company still exist?
And Sadler came up with an interactive way In supermarkets, you can buy everything
Sandra:
for companies to advertise, using T-shirts with you want in one place, but I don’t like them.
Well, by 2013 and with a bigger number of
company logos on them and social media. Student 1:
employees Sadler was struggling. It wasn’t
Sandra: as easy to fill everyone’s calendar and I like them, but I don’t think they’re the best
Yes, it was very simple, but very effective. some bloggers were more popular than place to buy everything … I mean, look at
He sold the advertising on a day-to-day basis. others. Also, by then a large number of fruit and vegetables, you don’t know how
Every day he would photograph himself in companies had their own online presence fresh they are and I don’t think supermarkets
a T-shirt with the logo of the company that and there was less demand. Sadler decided benefit farmers. Supermarkets are good for
had bought advertising for that day. Then that IWearYourShirt had run its course and things like tinned food and rice and pasta,
he’d blog about the company or products in May 2013 he shut the company down and of course they often have special offers,
and make videos to post online. … and moved on to other projects like so you can save money on these things.
buymylastname. Do you …
Presenter:
Presenter: Student 2:
Presumably people weren’t paying thousands
of dollars for this advertising. I can see why his methods might inspire Here you can see a shopping centre with
you … so after the break Sandra Billingham many shops.
Sandra:
will be telling us about her award-winning Student 1:
No. It’s no surprise that Sadler came up
with a very ingenious pricing policy, which campaign. Join us then. OK, let’s talk about the advantages and
corresponded with the calendar day the disadvantages of shopping centres. I think
Developing speaking p63 the main advantage is that you get all
company chose to advertise on. In a normal
year, there are 365 days, so advertising on 1 and 2 18 the shops in one place which saves you
1st January cost only $1, and on 2nd January time because you don’t have to travel to
Examiner:
it cost $2; it cost $3 on 3rd January and different places. What about you?
Here are some pictures showing people
so on, going all the way up to $365 on Student 2:
buying things in different places. First talk
31st December. Sadler spent a lot of time to each other about the advantages and I like shopping centres. They’re my
emailing people and blogging about his disadvantages of buying things in these favourite place to go shopping because
idea and in just six months, the whole year different places. Then decide which place I meet my friends there and there’s also
had sold out. In his first year of business, he offers the best value for money. lots of choice. They’re the best place for
made $70,000, which is pretty impressive. shopping as far as I’m concerned.
Student 1:
Presenter:
And this incremental pricing system worked
So shall we start with this picture? It shows
Internet shopping. From my point of view,
Unit 8
well. shopping online has some advantages.
Sandra: For example, it’s easy to compare prices in
Developing vocabulary and
Definitely. It was a good strategy for a start-up a lot of different shops and websites, and listening p69
company. Paying a few dollars for a day’s you can get some great deals. It’s also very 4 and 5 19
advertising early in the year wasn’t much of quick and the things you buy get delivered
a risk and none of the companies had to to your home, so you don’t have to go Speaker 1:
pay more than $365 for a day’s advertising, anywhere. I was doing a soul-destroying job and to
which is pretty low considering some Student 2: be honest I was feeling a bit low, and I
companies’ budgets. And word-of-mouth The Internet is very influential. People wasn’t sleeping well. I often had insomnia.
meant the company got new contacts, as can share their opinions when they write I knew I had to do something about it. But
well as getting them through Twitter and reviews so you can learn more about a what? Then I read this article that said by
the press. Four years down the line, Sadler far the most important thing for improving

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low mood was regular exercise because feel a bit better and so can reduce pain. more expensive than the other
experiments have shown that doing Psychologists say that even if you don’t two activities, so, I wouldn’t
exercise releases endorphins – they’re feel like smiling, even if you fake a smile, choose it for that reason.
the chemicals that make us feel happier. I using those smile muscles will improve your I think he’d like sailing and I can
wasn’t nearly as active as I used to be, so I mood. So I gave it a try – and it worked! sail well, so I could take him out.
decided to give it a go. Far fewer people That was a turning point for me. I was still in There are some great places
do sufficient exercise nowadays than even pain, and still having to do these exercises, to visit near here and I’m sure
ten years ago. Getting started was really but I felt much happier and noticed the he’d enjoy having a go. It’s a
tough, but I made an agreement with a pain less. I started smiling a lot and it made great deal easier to learn than
friend and we started exercising together. a huge difference. It was eye-opening and skateboarding, which means
I got considerably stronger and my body I’ll never forget it. Instead of feeling sad you can really enjoy it. I’ve got
felt better, and I felt happier, of course, but and anxious, I started to feel incredibly a small sailing boat, it wouldn’t
the biggest improvement was that for the thankful for being alive and appreciative of cost anything and we’d have a
first time in ages I could think more clearly the care I was getting. great time.
… making decisions was easier and I’ve Speaker 5: Examiner: Thank you. Do you think you
started applying for new jobs. There’s no I was in a busy job, which I loved, but I have to spend a lot of money to
way I’m going to stop exercising now. often felt stressed. I noticed that one of have a good time?
Speaker 2: my colleagues seemed to be coping much Marta: No, because … how can I put
I often end up staying up late and suffering better with stress than he had previously it … you can have lots of fun
for it the next day, but I never thought it done and I asked him how he was doing without spending any money
had any effect on me, other than making it. He said he’d started meditating. More at all. Some of the best times
me a bit tired. Then a friend told me that and more people are taking up meditation I’ve ever had have been spent
having too little sleep could really be to help reduce stress. He told me that with friends just hanging out
affecting me in ways I wasn’t aware of. he’d signed up for a six-week course on or doing sports that don’t cost
The hippocampus, the part of the brain meditation and said I should give it a try, much. The truth is, spending
that processes positive experiences, is too. I wasn’t convinced it was for me, but time with people is more
affected by lack of sleep. That means it’s I did the eight-week course and it literally important than spending money.
harder to remember good experiences. So was mind-blowing. It wasn’t nearly as Examiner: Do you think you should plan
lack of sleep actually makes you feel more difficult as I’d imagined. It’s true I’m more activities in advance or be
negative! Now I make sure I’m not sleep- content, I spend significantly less time spontaneous?
deprived and I get a good eight hours a worrying about things, but the biggest
Marta: Let me think about that for a
night. Since I started this new sleep regime, surprise for me was that it changed me as
second … Well, I think you do
I’ve noticed good things in my life more. a person – the better I get at meditation,
need to plan things sometimes
Being aware of it has made me a more the more aware of my feelings and other
– for example, before a trip you
positive person – life just gets better and people’s feelings I am. And I’m kinder – to
need to organise your route,
better! myself and to others. And yes, my stress
where you want to stay and so
Speaker 3: levels did go down, too!
on – but I’m definitely in favour
I was working part-time in a job I enjoyed of spontaneity, too! I remember
Developing speaking p71
and I had some free time. I knew that I one time my mum decided to
didn’t want to work full-time, and I had 1, 2 and 3 20 take us to a water park … we
more money than I needed. But I found Examiner: Look at the three photos. It’s a were driving home from the
that having more money, even a lot more friend’s birthday and you want supermarket and it was hot
money, didn’t make me a great deal to plan a day out. You know … my sister and I were in the
happier. I wanted to do something positive he likes outdoor activities so back of the car complaining
with my time. I thought about doing a you want to do something and suddenly my mum turned
course, maybe studying something new, special. You have three activities the car around and drove to
but in the end I signed up to help out eight to choose from. Choose the the water park. We had to buy
hours a week at a centre for homeless activity that in your opinion is costumes there but we spent
people. It wasn’t paid work but it’s the the most suitable and explain the rest of the day having fun –
best thing I’ve ever done. It turns out your choice. Explain why you it’s a really great memory.
that helping other people really is heart- have rejected the other two.
warming. It’s not the same doing things for Marta: Let me see … Well, although
yourself as it is doing things for others. I I think skateboarding is fun
Gateway to exams: Units 7–8
found out later that it’s been scientifically it’s probably something that
proven that helping someone selflessly my friend could do any time. I Gateway to exams p75
releases serotonin in your brain. That’s suppose that what I’m saying is
the hormone that controls your mood, so
3 21
that it’s by far the least exciting
helping someone else makes you feel good activity and he might find it a Speaker 1:
about yourself. bit boring. Also, it takes quite a Well, it’s something I’ve always dreamt
Speaker 4: while to get to a good level. In of doing and when I got the opportunity
I’d been in an accident and the recovery other words, it’s not so much fun I immediately accepted the position. I’d
period was very hard. I was finding it very at the beginning. Horse-trekking been working there for only a few months
painful to do all the exercises I needed sounds good, but it’s rather when I was asked to work with two other
to do, and I started to feel quite anxious. expensive and you have to book people on a campaign for some online
Then one day my physiotherapist told me in advance and it would be a advertising. It was only a small campaign,
to smile. She explained that even though waste if he didn’t like horses … but for me it was a thrilling opportunity.
I might not feel happy, using the muscles What I meant was, it would be a I was really worried about getting it right
that are used to smile can also make you waste of money. It’s considerably though because it was my first campaign

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for my new company. The three of us funny side of it – in the end. We laugh Presenter:
worked together as a team, sharing ideas about it now, but it was terrible at the time. Marina, working at a recruitment agency,
and really getting creative together. It was Speaker 5: you must have read hundreds of CVs. Have
a great way to work, building that working Adverts? I can take them or leave them, you got anything to add to that?
relationship with each other. We spent they don’t really bother me one way or the Marina:
hours creating the campaign and testing other. I know people get really excited about I totally agree. I can tell within 20 seconds
out our ideas on different people before them or just plain furious with them, but I of looking at a CV if the person has sent
making the final advert. When we had to can’t see what the fuss is all about. I never a generic CV, in which case it ends up in
show our advert in front of everyone it was watch them on TV, I just turn the sound the bin. A CV in which the information has
nail-biting to say the least! It went down down, and I don’t read them when people been adapted for the job is likely to get a
really well … All I could think was, phew, post them on social networking sites either, second look. It shows us that the person
thank goodness for that! I just hide them from my feed. I suppose has thought about why they might be a
Speaker 2: there are a few adverts that are quite funny good fit for a particular job or company,
I saw this advert for a new phone … it but most of them aren’t memorable at and that makes them stand out. With
came on while I was watching my favourite all. I don’t think I’ve ever bought anything hundreds, or even thousands, of candidates
TV series and it was funny, so I noticed it because of an advert. I don’t think adverts with the same qualifications, a good CV
but I didn’t think anything of it. Then the affect the choices I make in any way. If I want and covering letter is all about making
advert seemed to be on TV all the time. something I look online to find the best yourself stand out. You can really show your
I didn’t really need a new phone, but the product and price and then I buy it online or potential that way.
advert got me thinking that maybe I should go to a shop and get it. To be honest, I can’t Presenter:
buy one. Well, to cut a long story short, I see what all the fuss is about.
Sam, how do you think candidates can
ordered a new one online. When it came,
make themselves stand out?
it wouldn’t turn on! It was faulty so I had Unit 9 Sam:
to send it back. They took ages to send
For me there are two things. The first is
the new one and when I finally got it I’d Developing vocabulary and
forgotten why I wanted it so much in the to do your homework. Find out about the
listening p79 company and the job … Show that you
first place! I couldn’t help thinking I’d been
really stupid to buy it. Honestly, I wish I 3 and 4 22 understand the industry and what you
hadn’t bothered because it’s really not that know of the company, and that you’re
Presenter: aware of what will be expected of you,
much better than my old one. I think the
Hello and welcome to the careers podcast. and of course, that you have the relevant
adverts were a bit misleading – I’ll never
If you’re a university student or a recent qualifications. That’s one side of it, but
trust them again!
graduate, the chances are you’ve been arguably more important is to ensure that
Speaker 3:
looking for a job. As anyone who’s tried to your covering letter or CV reflects your
They drive me up the wall! I don’t think get a job recently knows, the competition is competencies … that is, all the other skills
they should be allowed. Take yesterday fierce. With me, I have three guests here to you have that will help you in the job.
for example. I needed to find some discuss how to get your first job, Katie West, So, for example, if the job requires good
information in a hurry and the website took Sam Smith and Marina Boyle. First, we have communication skills you need to give
ages to load because, as it turned out, it Katie, who graduated last year. Katie, what’s concrete examples of when you used your
had an animated advert on it that you had been your experience of job hunting? communication skills … or show how you
to watch for 20 seconds before you could
Katie: overcame challenges … or learnt time
skip it. It’s so irritating. If I want something,
Well, I’ve just started my first job in a law management skills. In each case you need
I can do a search for it. I definitely wouldn’t
firm, but it took ages to get it. I spent ages to give specific examples.
buy anything because of an advert, I mean
emailing literally hundreds of CVs but didn’t Presenter:
you can’t believe everything they tell you,
get any interviews, at which point I decided Katie, you mentioned you got your job
can you? I’ve actually installed software to
to revise my job-hunting strategy a little. through contacts. Tell us about that.
block adverts, but although it blocks most
I didn’t send out nearly so many CVs, and Katie:
adverts, it doesn’t block all of them. And
I adapted my CV for each application. In I did an internship there two summers ago,
now people have started recommending
the end, I was lucky, I got my job through and I contacted them after graduating,
stuff on social networking sites so you can’t
contacts from my internship. but they weren’t looking for anyone at that
totally get away from advertising. It’s a
nightmare … I get so angry about it! Presenter: point. Then just last month the manager
Speaker 4: Sam, you advise university students about for whom I’d worked got in contact with
their future careers. Have you got any me. I’d put my profile on a professional
When I was a student I got a job as a human
comments on Katie’s experience? networking site and she saw it and got in
advert! It was for a pizza restaurant in the
next town and I had to wear this ridiculous Sam: touch through the site.
costume to look like a slice of pizza and The first thing to think about with CVs is Presenter:
walk up and down the street outside the making the best use of your time. What’s Is that fairly typical, would you say, Marina?
restaurant. I really needed the money so I most important is quality not quantity. Marina:
did it, but it was incredibly boring and I Sending off hundreds of identical CVs, We do look on several professional
hated people always laughing at me. Luckily, most of which never get read, is a waste networking sites when we want to recruit
none of my friends knew because it wasn’t of time. It’s very disheartening not to get people. When you consider that the most
in my town. However, one day, three of my any replies, so you end up feeling rejected popular professional networking site has
friends decided to meet me after work as a and demoralised. I think you need to put over 238 million members, it is a great
surprise – and they saw me in my costume! your time and energy into carefully tailoring resource. We’ll look at hundreds of profiles,
I nearly died! I wanted the ground to your CV for an application … so you have some of which are a good fit. Some
swallow me up, but of course I couldn’t to research the company and relate your companies are also happy to look at an
even run away because I was wearing this skills and knowledge to their needs and the online profile instead of a CV, so it’s well
big bulky costume. Luckily, they saw the requirements of the advert.

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worth spending time on your profile. And of another essential job, I mean because some sounds really are beautiful?
course there are groups on the site that you they help young people learn Or is there another reason?
can join that have articles on professional and prepare them for the future. Presenter 2:
and career topics, so it’s a good way of Teen boy: Absolutely. We couldn’t do Familiarity with the sounds of the language
keeping up to date with the latest trends in without teachers, and I think is one important factor. Languages
the industry. they’re undervalued by society. that have sounds that don’t exist in a
Presenter: What about farmers? I think listener’s native language tend to sound
Sam, you look like you want to add most people would agree less attractive. This explains why many
something to that? they do a really important job Europeans find French or Italian more
Sam: because they grow food. melodious and attractive than, say, Thai or
Yes, apart from general professional Teen girl: Yes, you’re right – and it’s not Mandarin, which are tonal languages. In
networking sites you can also join just food such as crops and tonal languages, the meaning can change
professional networking sites that are meat that they provide. They depending on the pitch – that is, whether
specific to your area, for example, also provide other products it is high or low, and if the intonation is
technology or journalism, so that’s worth such as wool and cotton that are rising or falling. These languages can sound
bearing in mind. And as Katie’s experience used to make our clothes. harsh simply because tones don’t exist in
shows, it can have very positive results. You Teen boy: Rubbish collectors are important European languages, so the sounds are
should also try and maintain contacts from because they help keep our unexpected and surprising.
past job experience or internships, as you towns and cities clean, and that Presenter 1:
never know when something might come is very necessary. It’s a hard The linguist Guy Deutscher talks about how
up. A good way of doing that is to ask your job, too – they have to work in familiarity with sounds can make a language
supervisor to be a referee. all weather conditions and it’s more attractive in his book Through the
Presenter: physically hard. Language Glass: Why the World Looks
OK, well we’ll have to stop there. If you Teen girl: Definitely. I think to a great Different in Other Languages. Deutscher
have any comments or other advice, then extent people also forget explains how some sounds appear in
please do contact us … that rubbish collectors do a almost all languages, for example, m, b,
dangerous job. I mean they g, d, while others are rarer and appear in
Developing speaking p81 sometimes deal with dangerous fewer languages, for example, th in English
chemicals, broken glass and or ch in German and Dutch. Languages
2 and 3 23
medical waste. They play an with rarer sounds are at greater risk of
Examiner: Talk together about how important role in making the sounding less pleasant to speakers of other
important you think these jobs places we live better. languages who are not familiar with these
are for society. Teen boy: I agree. sounds. So perhaps this is the reason why
Teen girl: Broadly speaking, I think they’re Examiner: Thank you. Italian, which has very few sounds that are
all important because they all not shared by other European languages,
provide services. Unit 10 is commonly considered a ‘beautiful’
Teen boy: Yes, I agree. They’re different language.
kinds of services relating to Developing vocabulary and Presenter 2:
food, health and so on, but they listening p87 The attractiveness of a language can
are important in different ways. also depend on how much we value it.
Teen girl: I think that while factory workers’ 3 and 4 24 Languages that allow us to communicate
jobs might be very mundane with a greater number of people are
Presenter 1:
and boring, they make many valued more highly. So English, which
Come stai? ¿Cómo estás? Comment
products that are essential for has about 359,000,000 native speakers
allez- vous? That’s ‘How are you?’ in Italian,
everyday life. and 850,000,000 other speakers and is
Spanish and French. Sound nice? If you like
Teen boy: I agree, and they make such used in business and learning all over the
the sound of Italian, Spanish and French,
a range of products from cars world, is valued far more highly than other
you’re not alone. Most people describe
to computers, from clothes languages which are spoken by much
them using words such as ‘beautiful’,
to gadgets, that it’s hard to smaller communities. Mandarin Chinese
‘romantic’ or ‘sophisticated’.
imagine life without them. is a tonal language so up until recently it
Presenter 2: wasn’t considered a particularly attractive
Teen girl: That’s true. What about being But other languages don’t come off as well. language in Europe, but it is becoming
a bus driver? I think that’s People describe them as ‘strange’ or having more popular because China is seen as an
important because not everyone ‘too many vowels’ or sounding ‘harsh’. So area of economic growth, so many believe
has a car, so they need to use why is it that one language can sound like that being able to speak it can lead to a
public transport to get around. music to our ears while another sounds better job.
Teen boy: Yes, buses provide an important unpleasant? Presenter 1:
service for getting to work or Presenter 1:
school and other places, so I Some sociolinguists have another theory.
People all over the world are fascinated by Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect
think it is an important job for
this question. There are many videos on of different aspects of society on the
society.
YouTube of people speaking gibberish with way language is used and the effects
Teen girl: Right, and their job is good for perfect accents to show how a language of language use on society … in other
the environment. might sound to someone who doesn’t words the study of the relationship
Teen boy: What about nurses? Healthcare speak it. And even without understanding between language and society. These
is a really important job. I think a single word, it is possible to identify the sociolinguists believe that the attractiveness
what nurses do is essential. language and know if it sounds pleasant of a language may well depend on how
Teen girl: I agree … people’s lives depend to you or not. So why do some languages positively we view the culture of the
on them. I think teachers do sound more attractive than others? Is it speakers of that language. If we think

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positively about a community, then we are chant. I had more problems Presenter:
likely to think positively about the language when I got older and we started And was there any difference in the groups?
they speak. writing. What struck me was how I can’t imagine how the type of secret you
Presenter 2: difficult it was to spell English are keeping would affect how you see a hill.
It’s a difficult theory to prove because it’s words. I still have problems with Julia:
almost impossible to separate fact from spelling, so I use a dictionary to
It’s called the Hill Slant Test. Interestingly,
opinion. However hard we try not to let our check my writing and I practise
the participants who were keeping a
personal experiences affect our judgement, writing the words. Then I test
worrying secret, that is, the participants in
it’s inevitable they do. Our opinion of how myself, I find that helps me to
the first group, thought the hill was steeper
attractive a language is, is influenced by remember. Sometimes I make
and therefore more difficult to climb than
our personal experiences with speakers of up simple chants, things like
those who were keeping secrets that
that language and the things we associate ‘B-U-one-s-I-N-E-double-s spells
weren’t worrying.
with that country. Brazilian Portuguese, business’. That works, too.
Presenter:
for example, is often considered soft and Pronunciation can be tricky, too.
What sticks in my mind is that So what is the reason for that? Does
melodic – and this is no surprise when it’s
I could never pronounce ‘the’ Professor Slepian have a theory?
associated with thoughts of the bossa nova
correctly and the teacher kept Julia:
and Carnival.
making me practise it. I seem to Definitely. We often talk about secrets
Presenter 1:
remember thinking that I would weighing us down, and it turns out they
Sociolinguists are keen to point out that no
never get it right, but I did in the do. The more you’re worried by a secret
one language is any better than another.
end! If I could go back and start and constantly thinking about it, the more
Every language plays an important role in
again, I’d start learning English you’re using your own energy. It takes
allowing speakers to communicate with
when I was younger, maybe energy to think and to motivate yourself
each other. In the end, it probably comes
three or four years old … I think to do things, and if you’re using a lot of
down to personal preference. The language
that would have helped me. I’d energy or brain power worrying about
that sounds wonderful to you might sound
listen to more songs and watch something, then you have less energy
unattractive to me, just as your favourite
more films, too. available for other things. So, what might
band might sound wonderful to you, but
be a simple task seems harder … and a hill
terrible to me.
looks steeper. Carrying a worrying secret
Presenter 2: Gateway to exams: Units 9–10 really is like carrying a heavy bag – just as
And learning another language can change a hill would look steeper if you had to carry
our perception of how attractive it is. Before Gateway to exams p93 a heavy bag up it, so it looks steeper when
I started learning Arabic, it didn’t sound you’re carrying mental baggage.
particularly attractive to me. After studying 3 26
Presenter:
it for just a few months that changed. The Presenter: So secrets can actually affect how we
once unfamiliar sounds became familiar Part of good communication is about experience the world?
and, as I learned the language, I began to knowing when to say something and Julia:
appreciate Arabic culture more. Whenever when to keep quiet. What do you do
I hear Arabic now, I find it beautiful and Absolutely. You see things around you as
when someone tells you a secret? Do you more difficult, more of a challenge if you’re
melodious. immediately tell all your friends? And what keeping a worrying secret from the people
Developing speaking p89 about when you have a secret? Do you closest to you. It’s not the actual secret
keep it to yourself or do you tell people? itself, but the degree to which you spend
2 and 3 25 You might think that keeping secrets is a time and energy thinking about it.
good thing to do, but Julia Styles is here
Examiner: Talk about the main difficulties Presenter:
to tell us about new research that suggests
you had when you started Presumably the solution is to tell someone
otherwise. Julia, what does the research
learning English. You should say your worrying secret? I mean, we do have
say? Are secrets bad for us?
what the main difficulties have the saying ‘A secret shared is a secret
been, why you think these were Julia:
halved’.
problematic for you, how you Not all secrets are bad, but keeping secrets
Julia:
dealt with the difficulties and can have a serious impact on our minds and
our perspective. Professor Michael Slepian Yes, that’s right. Interestingly, Professor
then say what you might do
carried out the research at Columbia Slepian did another study in 2014 that
differently if you could go back
University in the US. He worked with two showed that telling someone your secret
and start again.
groups, and both had to keep a secret. can help tremendously. Of course, we’re
Girl: I started learning English when not suggesting that if you have a secret
I was really young, about eight Participants in one group were asked to
keep what he calls ‘preoccupying’ secrets. that’s worrying you, you should rush out
years old. Children start earlier and tell everyone you meet. It may be that
now, at six years old, which I These are secrets that you think and worry
about a lot, whether they are significant you choose to confide in one close friend
think is good. Anyway, I seem or a parent. That’s fine.
to remember that my first ‘big’ secrets or just small little secrets. The
other group was asked to keep a ‘non- Presenter:
English teacher liked wearing
preoccupying’ secret. What is clear, though, is that if a secret is
red clothes and I have a vague
Presenter: really stressful, then you should take action.
memory of being asked to
Presumably that’s something that didn’t Don’t keep it to yourself.
pretend that I was a banana!
I don’t remember having any worry them? Julia:
difficulties – I remember it was Julia: Definitely … tell someone and you may be
fun. The most vivid memory I That’s right. Then all the participants were surprised by how much it changes how you
have is of jumping up and down shown a picture of a hill and asked to feel about your whole life.
to the rhythm of an English decide how difficult to climb it was.

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