A STUDY ON AWARENESS ABOUT STRESS AMONG WORKING

FEMALES (GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SECTOR)

A CASE STUDY OF SOLAN CITY
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(2019-2021)

Under the supervision of Submitted By

Dr.Ashok Kumar Bansal Mancy Chauhan
A.P, MBA, ICDEOL Roll no: 191561231230128
Semester: MBA IV

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION

ICDEOL
HIMACHAL PRADESH SHIMLA -05
 Certificate
This is to certify that the project entitled ‘A STUDY ON AWARENESS ABOUT STRESS
AMONG WORKING FEMALES (GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SECTOR) A CASE OF
SOLAN CITY’ the benefited work carried out by Mancy Chauhan (Roll no. 191561231230128)
student of MBA, ICDEOL, HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY (H.P), during the year
2021 in the partial fulfillment of requirement for the awards of Degree Of Master Of Business
Administration, under my guidance and this work is seems to be original.

Date Signature
Place (Dr. Ashok Kumar Bansal)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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I feel it as a deep sense of privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to all those who
rendered their selfless service during my project work. I want to show my sincere thanks to all
those who made this study possible. First of all, I am thankful to the helpful staff and faculty of
ICDEOL One of the most important task in every good study is its critical evaluation and
feedback which was done by my project guide Dr. Ashok Kumar Bansal (M.B.A) for investing
his precious time to discuss and analysis this study in depth and explain me the meaning of
different concepts and how to think when it comes to problem discussion and theoretical
discussions. All this made my task very interesting and challenging for me at the same time, it
also provided me an opportunity to remove any flaws and weakness. My sincere thanks go to
my family members and friends, who indirectly participated in this study encouraging and
supporting me

Date: Signature
Place: (Dr. Ashok Kumar Bansal)

Mancy Chauhan
Thank you

CONTENTS

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Sr.No Particular Page. No

I Title Page I
Cover page II
Candidate’s Declaration III
Certificate IV
Acknowledgement V

Ch. No 1 Introduction 5-18

2 Literature Review 19-20

3 Research Methodology 21-25

4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 26-49

5 Finding ,summary suggestions 50-51

&conditions

Annexure Bibliography 52

Questionnaire 53-54

Introduction
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Stress is a normal reaction the body has when changes occur. It can respond to these changes
physically, mentally, or emotionally. Stress is the body's reaction to any change that requires
an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and
emotional responses. Stress is a normal part of life. You can experience stress from your
environment, your body, and your thoughts. Even positive life changes such as a promotion, a
mortgage, or the birth of a child produce stress. Stress generally refers to two things: the
psychological perception of pressure, on the one hand, and the body's response to it, on the
other, which involves multiple systems, from metabolism to muscles to memory. Some stress
is necessary for all living systems; it is the means by which they encounter and respond to the
challenges and uncertainties of existence. The perception of danger sets off an automatic
response system, known as the fight-or-flight response that activated through hormonal
signals prepares an animal to meet a threat or flee from it. A stressful event—whether an
external phenomenon like the sudden appearance of a snake on the path or an internal event
like fear of losing one's job when the boss yells—triggers a cascade of hormones, including
adrenaline and cortical, that surge through the entire body, speeding heartbeat and the
circulation of blood to support quick action, mobilizing fat and sugar for fast energy, focusing
attention to track the danger, preparing muscles for movement, and more. Lifesaving as the
stress response is, it was meant to solve short-term, life-threatening problems, not extended
difficulties such as daily traffic jams or marital problems. It generally takes some time for the
body to calm down after the stress response has been triggered. Prolonged or repeated
arousal of the stress response, a characteristic of modern life, can have harmful physical and

psychological consequences, including heart disease and depression.

Nature of Stress

Stress problems are very common. The American Psychological Association's 2007 "Stress in
America" poll found that one-third of people in the United States report experiencing extreme
levels of negative stress. In addition, nearly one out of five people report that they are
experiencing high levels of negative stress 15 or more days per month. Impressive as these
figures are, they represent only a cross-section of people's stress levels at one particular moment
of their lives. When stress is considered as something that occurs repeatedly across the full
lifespan, the true incidence of stress problems is much higher. Being "stressed out" is thus a
universal human phenomenon that affects almost everyone.

What are we talking about when we discuss stress? Generally, most people use the word stress
to refer to negative experiences that leave us feeling overwhelmed. Thinking about stress
exclusively as something negative gives us a false impression of its true nature, however. Stress
is a reaction to a changing, demanding environment. Properly considered, stress is really more
about our capacity to handle change than it is about whether that change makes us feel good or
bad. Change happens all the time and stress is in large part what we feel when we are reacting to
it.

We can define stress by saying that it involves the "set of emotional, physical, and cognitive
(i.e., thought) reactions to a change." Thinking about stress as a reaction to change suggests that
it is not necessarily bad, and sometimes, could even be a good thing. Some life changes such as
getting a new job, moving in with a new romantic partner, or studying to master a new skill are

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generally considered positive and life-enhancing events, even though they can also be quite
stressful. Other life changes such as losing a job or an important relationship are more negative,
and also stressful.

Our experience of stress varies in intensity between high and low. How intensely stressed we
feel in response to a particular event has to do with how much we need to accomplish in order to
meet the demands of that situation. When we don't have to do much in order to keep up with
demands, we don't experience much stress. Conversely, when we have to do a lot, we tend to
feel much more stressed out.

Generally speaking, people do not like experiencing the extremes of stress. This is true for each
end of the spectrum of stress intensity, both high and low. Few people enjoy the feeling of being
overwhelmingly stressed in the face of great change. However, most people do not like a total
absence of stress either, at least after a while. There is a word for such a condition (i.e., a lack of
stress and challenge) which conveys this negative meaning: boredom. What most people tend to
seek is the middle ground; a balance between a lack of stress and too much stress. They want a
little challenge and excitement in life, but not so much that they feel overwhelmed by it.

A variety of events and environmental demands cause us to experience stress, including: routine
hassles (such as getting the family out the door in the morning, or dealing with a difficult co-
worker), one-time events that alter our lives (such as moving, marriage, childbirth, or changing
jobs), and ongoing long-term demands (such as dealing with a chronic disease, or caring for a
child or sick family member). Though different people may experience the same type of events,
each of them will experience that event in a unique way. That is, some people are more
vulnerable to becoming stressed out than others are in any given situation. An event like getting
stuck in traffic might cause one person to become very stressed out while it might not affect
another person much at all. Even "good" stressors such as getting married can impact
individuals differently. Some people become highly anxious while others remain calm and
composed

Mental Stress

Mental stress is a component of sport that is more pronounced in its effects on the athlete the
more significant the event. Mental stress in the pressure brought to bear on the existing mental
balance or emotional equilibrium of any person; the symptoms of mental stress will most
commonly be exhibited when the demands of a situation are seen as exceeding the personal
resources that the individual can bring to bear on them at that moment.

Mental stress is distinct from the broad variety of mental health conditions that are defined as
illnesses, such as depression or a post-traumatic stress disorder. Stress is a more transient and
focused circumstance, usually tied to well-defined and identifiable factors that are close to the
subject. Stress is also a distinct psychological condition from anxiety, which is a feeling of a
lack of control over one's future circumstances. Stress is usually related to the pending present
event

Physical stress

The most apparent form of physical stress is through an acute injury. An acute injury is an
injury that has occurred as a result of a specific event. Pulling a muscle slipping, fracturing your
wrist bowling, dislocating a shoulder skiing; these are examples of acute injury that constitute

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physical stress. Acute injuries encompass everything from muscle pulls, fractures, and ligament
sprains to dislocations.

However, not all types of physical stress come in such obvious form. The most common and
under treated form of physical stress comes from a longstanding condition or overuse, both of
which are also known as chronic stress. The accumulation of sitting with bad posture daily or
conditions such as arthritis create a stress on the body that can be just as harmful as any injury.

Fortunately, there are available and affordable approaches to treating physical stress and in turn
achieve optimal wellness.

Types of stress

1. Acute stress

Acute stress is the most common type of stress. It’s your body's immediate reaction to a new
challenge, event, or demand, and it triggers your fight-or-flight response. As the pressures of a
near-miss automobile accident, an argument with a family member or a costly mistake at work
sink in, your body turns on this biological response.

Acute stress isn't always negative. It's also the experience you have when riding a rollercoaster
or having a person jump out at you in a haunted house. Isolated episodes of acute stress should
not have any lingering health effects. In fact, they might actually be healthy for you, as these
stressful situations give your body and brain practice in developing the best response to future
stressful situations.

Severe acute stress such as stress suffered as the victim of a crime or life-threatening situation
can lead to mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder or acute stress
disorder.

2. Episodic acute stress

When acute stress happens frequently, it’s called episodic acute stress. People who always seem
to be having a crisis tend to have episodic acute stress. They are often short-tempered, irritable,
and anxious. People who are “worry warts” or pessimistic or who tend to see the negative side
of everything also tend to have episodic acute stress.

Negative health effects are persistent in people with episodic acute stress. It may be hard for
people with this type of stress to change their lifestyle, as they accept stress as a part of life.

3. Chronic stress

If acute stress isn't resolved and begins to increase or lasts for long periods of time, it becomes
chronic stress. This stress is constant and doesn’t go away. It can stem from such things as:

 poverty
 a dysfunctional family
 an unhappy marriage
 a bad job

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 Chronic stress can be detrimental to your health, as it can contribute to several serious
diseases or health risks, such as:

 heart disease
 cancer
 lung disease
 accidents
 cirrhosis of the liver
 suicide

Stress symptoms: Effects on your body and behavior

Stress symptoms may be affecting your health, even though you might not realize it. You may
think illness is to blame for that irritating headache, your frequent insomnia or your decreased
productivity at work. But stress may actually be the cause.

Common effects of stress

Indeed, stress symptoms can affect your body, your thoughts and feelings, and your behavior.
Being able to recognize common stress symptoms can help you manage them. Stress that's left
unchecked can contribute too many health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease,
obesity and diabetes.

Common effects of stress

On your body On your mood On your behavior

Headache Anxiety Overeating or

undereating

Muscle tension or Restlessness Angry outbursts

pain

Chest pain Lack of motivation or Drug or alcohol

focus misuse

Fatigue Feeling overwhelmed Tobacco use

Change in sex drive Irritability or anger Social withdrawal

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 Common effects of stress

On your body On your mood On your behavior

Stomach upset Sadness or depression Exercising less often

Sleep problems

Act to manage stress

If you have stress symptoms, taking steps to manage your stress can have many health benefits.
Explore stress management strategies, such as:

 Getting regular physical activity

 Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, tai chi or
massage
 Keeping a sense of humor
 Spending time with family and friends
 Setting aside time for hobbies, such as reading a book or listening to music
Aim to find active ways to manage your stress. Inactive ways to manage stress — such as
watching television, surfing the internet or playing video games — may seem relaxing, but they
may increase your stress over the long term.
And be sure to get plenty of sleep and eat a healthy, balanced diet. Avoid tobacco use, excess
caffeine and alcohol, and the use of illegal substances.

When to seek help

If you're not sure if stress is the cause or if you've taken steps to control your stress but your
symptoms continue, see your doctor. Your healthcare provider may want to check for other
potential causes. Or consider seeing a professional counselor or therapist, who can help you
identify sources of your stress and learn new coping tools.
Also, get emergency help immediately if you have chest pain, especially if you also have
shortness of breath, jaw or back pain, pain radiating into your shoulder and arm, sweating,
dizziness, or nausea. These may be warning signs of a heart attack and not simply stress
symptoms.

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How can we handle stress in healthy ways?

Stress serves an important purpose—it enables us to respond quickly to threats and avoid
danger. However, lengthy exposure to stress may lead to mental health difficulties (for example,
anxiety and depression) or increased physical health problems. A large body of research
suggests that increased stress levels interfere with your ability to deal with physical illness.
While no one can avoid all stress, you can work to handle it in healthy ways that increase your
potential to recover.

1. Eat and drink to optimize your health. Some people try to reduce stress by drinking
alcohol or eating too much. These actions may seem to help in the moment, but actually
may add to stress in the long run. Caffeine also can compound the effects of stress.
Consuming a healthy, balanced diet can help to combat stress.
2. Exercise regularly. In addition to having physical health benefits, exercise has been
shown to be a powerful stress reliever. Consider non-competitive aerobic exercise,
strengthening with weights, or movement activities like yoga or Tai Chi, and set
reasonable goals for yourself. Aerobic exercise has been shown to release endorphins—
natural substances that help you feel better and maintain a positive attitude.
3. Stop using tobacco and nicotine products. People who use nicotine often refer to it as
a stress reliever. However, nicotine actually places more stress on the body by increasing
physical arousal and reducing blood flow and breathing.
4. Study and practice relaxation techniques. Taking the time to relax every day helps to
manage stress and to protect the body from the effects of stress. You can choose from a
variety of techniques, such as deep breathing, imagery, progressive muscle relaxation,
and mindfulness meditation. There are many online and smart phone apps that provide
guidance on these techniques; although some entail purchase costs, many are available
free of charge.
5. Reduce triggers of stress. If you are like most people, your life may be filled with too
many demands and too little time. For the most part, these demands are ones we have
chosen. You can free up time by practicing time-management skills like asking for help
when it’s appropriate, setting priorities, pacing yourself, and reserving time to take care
of yourself.
6. Examine your values and live by them. The more your actions reflect your beliefs, the
better you will feel, no matter how busy your life is. Use your values when choosing
your activities.
7. Assert yourself. It’s okay to say “No” to demands on your time and energy that will
place too much stress on you. You don’t have always have to meet the expectations of
others.
8. Set realistic goals and expectations. It's okay—and healthy—to realize you cannot be
100% successful at everything all at once. Be mindful of the things you can control and
work on accepting the things that you can’t control.
9. Sell yourself to yourself. When you’re feeling overwhelmed, remind yourself of what
you do well. Have a healthy sense of self-esteem.

There are several other methods you can use to relax or reduce stress, including:

 Deep breathing exercises.

 Meditation.
 Mindfulness meditation.
 Progressive muscle relaxation.

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  Mental imagery relaxation.
 Relaxation to music.
 Biofeedback (explained below).
 Counseling, to help you recognize and release stress.

Ask your healthcare provider for more information about these techniques or other suggestions.

Biofeedback

Biofeedback helps a person learn stress reduction skills by providing information about muscle
tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as a person attempts to relax. It is used to gain control
over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain.

Biofeedback can be used to help you learn how your body responds in stressful situations, and
how to cope better. If a headache, such as a migraine, begins slowly, many people can use
biofeedback to stop the attack before it becomes full- blown.

What to do if you have trouble sleeping

You may experience insomnia (an inability to sleep) because of discomfort, stress from personal
concerns, or side effects from your medications. If you cannot sleep, try these tips:

 Establish a regular sleep schedule – go to bed and get up at the same time every day.
 Make sure your bed and surroundings are comfortable. Arrange the pillows so you can
maintain a comfortable position.
 Keep your bedroom dark and quiet.
 Use your bedroom for sleeping only. Don't work or watch TV in your bedroom.
 Avoid napping too much during the day. At the same time, remember to balance activity
with periods of rest.
 If you feel nervous or anxious, talk to your spouse, partner, or a trusted friend. Get your
troubles off your mind.
 Listen to relaxing music.
 Do not rely on sleeping pills. They can be harmful when taken with other medications.
Use them only if recommended for a brief period by your healthcare provider if other
non-medication methods don’t work.
 Take diuretics, or "water pills," earlier if possible, so you don't have to get up in the
middle of the night to use the bathroom.
 If you can't sleep, get up and do something relaxing until you feel tired. Don't stay in bed
worrying about when you're going to fall asleep.
 Avoid caffeine.
 Maintain a regular exercise routine, but don’t exercise within two to three hours before
the time you go to bed.

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Managing stress

Stress affects each person differently. Some people may get headaches or stomachaches, while
others may lose sleep or get depressed or angry. People under constant stress may also get sick a
lot. Managing stress is important to staying healthy.

It’s impossible to completely get rid of stress. The goal of stress management is to identify your
stressors, which are the things that cause you the most problems or demand the most of your
energy. In doing so, you can overcome the negative stress those things induce.

Common effect of stress on your stress

 Headache
 Muscle tension or pain
 Chest pain
 Fatigue
 Change in sex drive
 Stomach upset
 Sleep problems

Common effect of stress on your mood

 Anxiety
 Restlessness
 Lack of motivation or focus
 Feeling overwhelmed
 Irritability or anger
 Sadness or depression

Common effect of stress on your behavior

 Overeating or underrating
 Angry outbursts
 Drug or alcohol abuse
 Tobacco use
 Social withdrawal
 Exercising less often

How to manage stress

Take a break from the stressor: It may seem difficult to get away from a big work
project, a crying baby or a growing credit card bill. But when you give yourself permission to
step away from it, you let yourself have time to do something else, which can help you have a
new perspective or practice techniques to feel less overwhelmed. It’s important to not avoid
your stress (those bills have to be paid sometime), but even just 20-minutes to take care of
yourself is helpful.

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Exercise: The research keeps growing — exercise benefits your mind just as well as your
body. We keep hearing about the long-term benefits of a regular exercise routine. But even a
20-minute walk, run, swim or dance session in the midst of a stressful time can give an
immediate effect that can last for several hours.

Smile and laugh: Our brains are interconnected with our emotions and facial expressions.
When people are stressed, they often hold a lot of the stress in their face. So laughs or smiles
can help relieve some of that tension and improve the situation.

Get social support: Call a friend, send an email. When you share your concerns or feelings
with another person, it does help relieve stress. But it’s important that the person whom you talk
to is someone whom you trust and whom you feel can understand and validate you. If your
family is a stressor, for example, it may not alleviate your stress if you share your works woes
with one of them.

Meditate: Meditation and mindful prayer help the mind and body to relax and focus.
Mindfulness can help people see new perspectives, develop self-compassion and forgiveness.
When practicing a form of mindfulness, people can release emotions that may have been
causing the body physical stress. Much like exercise, research has shown that even meditating
briefly can reap immediate benefits.

Causes of work-related stress:

 Some of the factors that commonly cause work-related stress include:

 Long hours
 Heavy workload
 Changes within the organization
 Tight deadlines
 Changes to duties
 Job insecurity
 Lack of autonomy
 Boring work
 Insufficient skills for the job
 Over-supervision
 Inadequate working environment
 Lack of proper resources
 Lack of equipment
 Few promotional opportunities
 Harassment
 Discrimination
 Poor relationships with colleagues or bosses
 Crisis incidents, such as an armed hold-up or workplace death.

Symptoms of work-related stress:

The signs or symptoms of work-related stress can be physical, psychological and behavioral.

Physical symptoms include:

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  Fatigue
 Muscular tension
 Headaches
 Heart palpitations
 Sleeping difficulties, such as insomnia
 Gastrointestinal upsets, such as diarrhea or constipation
 Dermatological disorders.

Psychological symptoms include:

 Depression
 Anxiety
 Discouragement
 Irritability
 Pessimism
 Feelings of being overwhelmed and unable to cope
 Cognitive difficulties, such as a reduced ability to concentrate or make decisions.

Behavioral symptoms include:

 An increase in sick days or absenteeism

 Aggression
 Diminished creativity and initiative
 A drop in work performance
 Problems with interpersonal relationships

Stress Management

While it may seem like there’s nothing you can do about stress at work and home, there are
steps you can take to relieve the pressure and regain control.
The importance of managing stress

If you’re living with high levels of stress, you’re putting your entire well-being at risk. Stress
wreaks havoc on your emotional equilibrium, as well as your physical health. It narrows your
ability to think clearly, function effectively, and enjoy life. It may seem like there’s nothing you
can do about stress. The bills won’t stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day, and
your work and family responsibilities will always be demanding. But you have a lot more
control than you might think.

Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be
happier, healthier, and more productive. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work,
relationships, relaxation, and fun—and the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet
challenges head on. But stress management is not one-size-fits-all. That’s why it’s important to
experiment and find out what works best for you. The following stress management tips can
help you do that.

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Tip 1: Identify the sources of stress in your life

Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. This isn’t as
straightforward as it sounds. While it’s easy to identify major stressors such as changing jobs,
moving, or going through a divorce, pinpointing the sources of chronic stress can be more
complicated. It’s all too easy to overlook how your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
contribute to your everyday stress levels.

Sure, you may know that you’re constantly worried about work deadlines, but maybe it’s your
procrastination, rather than the actual job demands, that is causing the stress.

To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and excuses:

 Do you explain away stress as temporary (“I just have a million things going on right
now”) even though you can’t remember the last time you took a breather?

 Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (“Things are always
crazy around here”) or as a part of your personality (“I have a lot of nervous energy,
that’s all”)?

 Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as entirely
normal and unexceptional?

Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it, your stress
level will remain outside your control.

Tip 2: Practice the 4 A’s of stress management

While stress is an automatic response from your nervous system, some stressors arise at
predictable times: your commute to work, a meeting with your boss, or family gatherings, for
example. When handling such predictable stressors, you can either change the situation or
change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose in any given scenario, it’s helpful
to think of the four A’s: avoid, alter, adapt, or accept.

Tip 3: Get moving

When you’re stressed, the last thing you probably feel like doing is getting up and exercising.
But physical activity is a huge stress reliever—and you don’t have to be an athlete or spend
hours in a gym to experience the benefits. Exercise releases endorphins that make you feel
good, and it can also serve as a valuable distraction from your daily worries.

While you’ll get the most benefit from regularly exercising for 30 minutes or more, it’s okay to
build up your fitness level gradually. Even very small activities can add up over the course of a
day. The first step is to get yourself up and moving. Here are some easy ways to incorporate
exercise into your daily schedule:

 Put on some music and dance around.

 Take your dog for a walk.

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  Walk or cycle to the grocery store.

 Use the stairs at home or work rather than an elevator.

 Park your car in the farthest spot in the lot and walk the rest of the way.

 Pair up with an exercise partner and encourage each other as you work out.

 Play Ping-Pong or an activity-based video game with your kids.

Tip 4: Connect to others

There is nothing more calming than spending quality time with another human being who
makes you feel safe and understood. In fact, face-to-face interaction triggers a cascade of
hormones that counteracts the body’s defensive “fight-or-flight” response. Its nature’s natural
stress reliever (as an added bonus, it also helps stave off depression and anxiety). So make it a
point to connect regularly—and in person—with family and friends.

Keep in mind that the people you talk to don’t have to be able to fix your stress. They simply
need to be good listeners. And try not to let worries about looking weak or being a burden keep
you from opening up. The people who care about you will be flattered by your trust. It will only
strengthen your bond.

Of course, it’s not always realistic to have a pal close by to lean on when you feel overwhelmed
by stress, but by building and maintaining a network of close friends you can improve your
resiliency to life’s stressors.

Tip 5: Make time for fun and relaxation

Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your life by
carving out “me” time. Don’t get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to
take care of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury. If you regularly
make time for fun and relaxation, you’ll be in a better place to handle life’s stressors.

Set aside leisure time. Include rest and relaxation in your daily schedule. Don’t allow other
obligations to encroach. This is your time to take a break from all responsibilities and recharge
your batteries.

Do something you enjoy every day. Make time for leisure activities that bring you joy, whether
it be stargazing, playing the piano, or working on your bike.

Keep your sense of humor. This includes the ability to laugh at yourself. The act of
laughing helps your body fight stress in a number of ways.

Take up a relaxation practice. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep
breathing activate the body’s relaxation response, a state of restfulness that is the opposite of the
fight or flight or mobilization stress response. As you learn and practice these techniques, your
stress levels will decrease and your mind and body will become calm and centered.

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Tip 6: Manage your time better

Poor time management can cause a lot of stress. When you’re stretched too thin and running
behind, it’s hard to stay calm and focused. Plus, you’ll be tempted to avoid or cut back on all the
healthy things you should be doing to keep stress in check, like socializing and getting enough
sleep. The good news: there are things you can do to achieve a healthier work-life balance.

Don’t over-commit yourself. Avoid scheduling things back-to-back or trying to fit too much
into one day. All too often, we underestimate how long things will take.

Prioritize tasks. Make a list of tasks you have to do, and tackle them in order of importance.
Do the high-priority items first. If you have something particularly unpleasant or stressful to do,
get it over with early. The rest of your day will be more pleasant as a result.

Break projects into small steps. If a large project seems overwhelming, make a step-by-step
plan. Focus on one manageable step at a time, rather than taking on everything at once.

Delegate responsibility. You don’t have to do it all yourself, whether at home, school, or on the
job. If other people can take care of the task, why not let them? Let go of the desire to control or
oversee every little step. You’ll be letting go of unnecessary stress in the process.

Tip 7: Maintain balance with a healthy lifestyle

In addition to regular exercise, there are other healthy lifestyle choices that can increase your
resistance to stress.

Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with stress, so be mindful
of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and keep your energy up and your mind
clear with balanced, nutritious meals throughout the day.

Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary “highs” caffeine and sugar provide often end with a
crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, and sugar
snacks in your diet, you’ll feel more relaxed and you’ll sleep better.

Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs may provide an
easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Don’t avoid or mask the issue at hand;
deal with problems head on and with a clear mind.

Get enough sleep. Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body. Feeling tired will
increase your stress because it may cause you to think irrationally.

Tip 8: Learn to relieve stress in the moment

When you’re frazzled by your morning commute, stuck in a stressful meeting at work, or fried
from another argument with your spouse, you need a way to manage your stress levels right
now. That’s where quick stress relief comes in.

The fastest way to reduce stress is by taking a deep breath and using your senses—what you
see, hear, taste, and touch—or through a soothing movement. By viewing a favorite photo,

17
smelling a specific scent, listening to a favorite piece of music, tasting a piece of gum, or
hugging a pet, for example, you can quickly relax and focus yourself.

Of course, not everyone responds to each sensory experience in the same way. The key to quick
stress relief is to experiment and discover the unique sensory experiences that work best for
you.

Literature Review
18
Objectives:
Various studies across the globe have emphasised that students undertaking professional
courses, such as medical and dental studies, are subjected to higher stress. Excessive stress
could lead to psychological problems like depression and anxiety. The objective of the current
study was to assess stress among students of various professional colleges and its association
with various academic, social and health-related factors.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2011 to February 2012 among
students of medical, dental and engineering colleges from the urban area of Sangli district,
Maharashtra, India, using a convenience sampling technique. The calculated total sample size
was 1,200. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.
Analysis was done using percentage, the chi-square test, binary logistic regression and
multinomial logistic regression.

Results:
Out of the 1,224 respondents, 299 (24.4%) experienced stress. Among them 115 (38.5%), 102
(34.1%) and 82 (27.4%) were dental, medical and engineering students, respectively. There was
a statistically significant association between stress and the field of education. Stress was
observed in 187 (27.7%) females and 112 (20.4%) males; the association with gender was
statistically significant. By applying binary logistic regression, medical studies, health and
lifestyle factors, and academic factors were the significant predictors for stress.

Conclusion:
Students from all the three fields studied were exposed to stress. Academic factors were one of
the most important stressors. The introduction of stress management education into the
curriculum could prove useful in combatting this problem.
Selye was the first scientist to identify ‘stress’ as underpinning the nonspecific signs and
symptoms of illness. The stress concept re-entered Selye’s life during his fellowship at McGill
when Prof Collip placed him in charge of identifying various female sex hormones that were yet
undiscovered. For this project, he collected cow ovaries for processing and examination, and
injected various extracts into female rats and measured their responses. His autopsies yielded a
triad of surprising findings: enlargement of the adrenal glands, atrophy of the lymphatic system
including the thymus, and peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. It was not due to a
hypothetical new hormone, as every injected noxious agent produced the same findings. He
continued his experiments by placing the rats in various stressful situations, such as on the cold
roof of the medical building, or the familiar revolving treadmill that required continuous
running for the animals to stay upright. The findings in each experiment were the same: adrenal
hyperactivity, lymphatic atrophy and peptic ulcers. Selye recognised that his discovery was an
expression of Claude Bernard’s milieu intérieur and homeostasis at work, and cleverly linked
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to the way the body coped with stress.
Selye’s proposal stipulated that stress was present in an individual throughout the entire period
of exposure to a nonspecific demand. He distinguished acute stress from the total response to
chronically applied stressors, terming the latter condition ‘general adaptation syndrome’, which
is also known in the literature as Selye’s Syndrome. The syndrome divides the total response
from stress into three phases: the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance and the stage of

19
exhaustion. When individuals are exposed to a stressor, they are at first taken off guard, then
attempt to maintain homeostasis by resisting the change, and eventually fall victim to
exhaustion in countering the stressor. Stress is a choreographed state of events, not a mere
psychological term, and is encountered by all individuals during a period of illness. It differs
fundamentally from the fight-or-flight or acute stress response that occurs when facing a
perceived threat, as first described by physiologist Walter Cannon in 1915. The acute release of
neurotransmitters from the sympathetic and central nervous systems, as well as hormones from
the adrenal cortex and medulla, pituitary and other endocrine glands, mediate the response in
acute stress.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

20
Research methodology is way to systematically solve the problems. It may be understand as a
science of how research is done scientifically we studies the various sets that are generally
adopted by researcher in study his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is
necessary for the researcher to know not only the research method or techniques but also
research methodology. Research methodology is referring to a search for knowledge for its
advancement. It is persuade of truth with the help of study.

According to C R Kothari, Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods

applied to the field study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and
principles associated with a branch of knowledge.

Scope of the Study

The present study entitled as “A Study on Job Performance of working females in Public and
government sectors Solan (H.P)”

Need of the Study

In present era there is lot of challenges in front of women like stress absenteeism, employee
satisfaction etc. In addition to this women performance is on measure issue. Because the growth
and existence of a sectors totally depend upon the fact that how happy and productive are the
employee.

Objectives of Study:

The objectives of this research are as follows:

 To find awareness about stress among working females of solan city with regard to
Sector ( private and government)
 To find out various measure taken by women to reduce stress.
 To find out effects of stress on their performance.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: There are following hypothesis of the study

Ho: 1 There is no association between demographic factors and job performance.

Ho: 1(a) There is no association between age and job performance.

Ho: 1 (b) Association between job performance and gender is not significant.

Ho: 1(c) Relationship between education and job performance is not significant.

21
Ho: 1(d) There is no significant relationship between marital status and job performance.

Variables of the study: For the present study purpose dependent as well as independent,
variables were considered. The description of these is given as below

Independent variables: age, education, gender, marital status.

Dependent Variables: time, culture, environment, grievance handling, interrelationship,

supervision, public relation, motivation, appraisal team, emotional support, facility,
communication, team work, leadership, job satisfaction.

Research Design

A research design is a map developed to guide a research. It is a part of planning stage of

research a blue print for collection measurement and analysis of data. For the present study
research design is followed. This research design takes the three decisions for the present study
purpose namely.

a.) Data collection

b.) Sample design

c.) Analysis instrument

Exploratory Research

All research projects must start with exploratory research. This is a preliminary phase and s
absolute essential in order to obtain a proper definition of problem in hand. The major emphasis
on the discovery if ideas and insights. The exploratory study is particularly helpful in breaking
board and vague problems into smaller, more precise sub problem statements help in
formulating hypothesis. In nutshell we can say that exploratory studies help in formulating
hypothesis for the further research. Exploratory research is also used to increase the familiarity
with the problem under investigation.

Descriptive Research

Descriptive research design is the one that simply describe something such as demographic
characteristics of people. The descriptive study is typically concerned with determining
frequency with something occurs or how two variables vary together. This study is typically

22
guided by an initial hypothesis. A descriptive study requires a clear specification of who, what,
when and why apex of the research. It requires formulation of more specific hypothesis and the
testing these through statistical inference technique.

Developing Research Plan

The data for this research project has been collected thought self-administrative. Due to time
limitation and other constraints direct personal interview method is used. A structured
questionnaire was framed as it less time consuming generates specific and interpret, move over
respondent proper give direct answer development of research plan has the following step:

a.) Universe of the study

b.) Sample size

c.) Sample technique

d.) Sample unit

Universe of the study

For the present study purpose Meridian Medicare Limited Solan (H.P) is considered as universe.

Sample Size

This is refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample. For
the present study purpose 20 respondents constitute a sample for the present study.

Sampling Technique

For the purpose of present study convenience sampling technique was used which a non-
probability is sampling.

Sampling Unit

The target population must be defining that has to be sampled. For the present study purpose
sample units include people of Meridian Medicare Limited Solan (H.P) which include Manager,
technician and workers.

23
RESEARCH DESIGN

The study basically is an attempt of awareness about stress and health plans amongst working
females with regard to occupation. A case study of solan town .it was done with the help of
Questionnaire analysis

Descriptive research design has been used in the study

 Sampling design
 Data collection
 Methods of analysis

A) Sampling Design

Sampling design is a mathematical function that gives you the probability of any given sample
being drawn.

Sampling Technique

A sampling technique is the name or other identification of the specific process by which the
entities of the sample have been selected.

Sample Size

Sample size is a term used in market research for defining the number of subjects included in a
sample. By sample, we understand a group of subjects that is selected from the general
population and is considered a representative of the true population for that specific study. In
this research the sample size is 100.

B) Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring data, information or any variables of
interest in a standardized and established manner that enables the collector to answer or test
hypothesis and evaluate outcomes of the particular collection. In this research data is collected
from primary source.

Primary Data

Primary data is that data which is collected by a researcher from first-hand sources , using methods
like surveys, interviews, or experiments. It is collected with the research project in mind,
directly from primary sources.

24
In my research the data collection was mainly done through the questionnaires. I meet the
respondents personally & requested to answer my questions for the requirement of my study.

Questionnaires

A questionnaire is defined as a research instrument that consist a set of questions or other types
of prompts that aims to collect information from a respondent.

A questionnaire is a set of questions typically used for research purposes which can be
both qualitative as well as quantitative in nature. A questionnaire may or may not be delivered
in the form of a survey, but a survey always consists of questionnaire.

Data Analysis Tools

Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the
goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making.
Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a
variety of names, and is used in different business, science, and social science domains.

Limitations

The following are the limitations of the study

 This study is only for a short period of time

 Lack of professional approach since researcher is a student
 The information might be given wrong while answering the questionnaires
 Shortage of time was a big hindrance in the implementation of the project
 The study confined only among the females working in banks
 A Sample size of 100 Respondents might not be enough to forward exact findings

25
 CHAPTER: IV

Analysis and Interpretation

In Table No 4.1 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards their age
the details description of the same is given below,
Table no 4.1

COMPOSITION OF DATA ON THE BASIS OF AGE AND SECTOR

Sr.No Age Group Private Sector Government Total
Sector
1 20-30 20 (51%) 16 (44%) 36 (100%)

26
 2 30-40 23 (55%) 19 (45%) 42 (100%)
3 Above 40 7 (31%) 15 (68%) 22 (100%)
Total 50 (50%) 50 (50%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

COMPOSITION OF DATA ON THE BASIS OF AGE AND SECTOR

Private Sector Government Sector

20-30 15 16 20-30
20 30-40 30-40
Above 40 Above 40

23
19

Fig No.4.1
Interpretation:
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards their age group in which it is found
that majority of the respondents i.e. 55%fall in 30-40 yrs. age group and only 31% of the
respondents fall in above 40 years age group in context to private sectors where as in context to
government sector majority of the respondents i.e. 45%fall in 30-40 yrs. age group and only
44% of the respondents fall in above 20-30 years age group

In Table No 4.2 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards their
feeling about stress The details description of the same is given below,
Table No 4.2
RESPONSE OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS THEIR FEELING ABOUT STRESS
Felt stress
Sr. No Response Private sector Government Total
sector

27
1 Yes 48 (49%) 49 (51%) 97 (100%)
2 No 2 (2%) 1 (1%) 3 (100%)
Total 50 (50%) 50 (50%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.

RESPONSE OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS THEIR FEELING ABOUT STRESS

60

50 48 49

40

30 Yes
No

20

10

2 1
0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig. No 4.2
Interpretation:
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards their feelings about stress that about
49% of private sector females and 51% of government sector female’s respondents responded
yes as they were feeling stress and about 2% of private sector and 1% of government sector
females respondents responded no. so it can be concluded that female face stress.
So it can be concluded that 97% of female were facing stress

In the Table No 4.3 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards kind
of stress they are facing
Table No.4.3
RESPONSE OF THE RESPONDENTS TOWARDS KIND OF STRESS THEY ARE
FACING
Sr. No STRESS Private Sector Government sector Total

28
 1 Physical 13 (56%) 10 (43%) 23 (100%)
2 Mental 37 (48%) 40 (52%) 77 (100%)
Total 50 (50%) 50 (50%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.

RESPONSE OF THE RESPONDENTS TOWARDS KIND OF STRESS THEY ARE

FACING

45
40
40
37
35

30

25
Physical Stress
20 Mental Stress

15 13
10
10

0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig. No 4.3
Interpretation:
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards Kind of stress they are facing that
about 56% of private sector females and 43% of government sector female’s respondent’s
responded Physical stress and about 48% of private sector and 52% of government sector
female’s respondent’s responded mental stress they were facing.
So it can be concluded that 77% of female were facing mental stress and 23%of female were
facing physical stress
In the Table No 4.4 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards stress
prove there point wrong
Table No 4.4
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS STRESS PROVES THEIR POINT
WRONG
Sr. No RESPONSE Private Government Total
Sector Sector

29
 1 Yes 34 (55%) 28 (45%) 62 (100%)
2 No 16 (42%) 22 (58%) 38 (100%)
Total 50 (50%) 50 (50%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.

RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS STRESS PROVES THEIR POINT

WRONG

40

35 34

30 28

25
22
20 Yes
16 No
15

10

0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig. No 4.4
Interpretation:
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards stress proves their point wrong
55%of private sector females and 45% of government sector female’s respondent’s responded
yes stress proves their point wrong and about 42% of private sector and 58% of government
sector female’s respondents responded no stress don’t prove their point wrong.
So it can be concluded that 62% of female point prove wrong due to stress and 38% of women’s
sad no
In Table No 4.5 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards working
time period spend
Table No.4.5
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS WORKING TIME PERIOD SPEND
WORKING HOURS PER WEEK
Sr. Age 40-50 hour 50-60 60-70 Above TOTAL
No hour hour 70 hour

30
1 20-30 12 (29%) 15 (36%) 12 (29%) 2 (5%) 41 (100%)
2 30-40 14 (32%) 8 (19%) 9 (20%) 12 43 (100%)
(28%)
3 Above 40 years 4 (25%) 8 (50%) 2 (12%) 2 (12%) 16 (100%)
Total 30 (30%) 31 (31%) 23 (23%) 16 100
(16%) (100%)
Sr.N Types of sector
o
1 Private sector 16 (32%) 15 (30%) 13 (26%) 6 (12%) 50(100%)
2 Government 19 (38%) 13 (26%) 8 (16%) 10 50(100%)
sector (20%)
Total 35 (35%) 28 (28%) 21 (21%) 15 100(100%)
(15%)
Fig. No 4.5
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.

Interpretation:
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards no of working period time spend
working hour per week is 50-60 hours which is 31%overal .Out of 41 respondents of 20-30 age
groups where only 29% of employees devote 40-50 hours per week for the above mentioned
activities. 36% devote 50-60 hour per week. 29%devote above 60-70 hour per week and 5%
devote above 70hour per week. Out of 43 respondents of 30-40 age groups where only 32% of
employees devote 40-50 hours per week for the above mentioned activities. 19% devote 50-60
hour per week. 20% devote above 60-70 hour per week and 28%devote above 70hour per
week. Out of 16 respondents of 40-50 age groups where only 25% of employees devote 40-50
hours per week for the above mentioned activities. 50% devote 50-60 hour per week. 12%
devote above 60-70 hour per week and 12% devote above 70hour per week. With regards to
banks 32% of private sector female and 38% 0f government sector female have been working in
the sector for 40-50 hour per week.
So it can be concluded that 43% of women’s of 30-40 age group spend more time in working
and private and government employees spend 40-50 hour in working
In Table No 4.6 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards factors
creating stress at work place
Table No 4.6
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS FACTORS CREATING STRESS AT
WORK PLACE

Age Workplace Working Poor Risk Total

31
 long hours management
20-30 17 (40%) 14 (33%) 8 (19%) 3 (7%) 42 (100%)
30-40 8 (38%) 3 (14%) 8 (38%) 2 (10%) 21 (100%)
Above 40 25 (67%) 5 (13%) 4 (12%) 3 (8%) 37 (100%)
Total 50 (50%) 22 (22%) 20 (20%) 8 (8%) 100 (100%)
Types of
Sector
Private 12 (24%) 18 (36%) 17 (34%) 3 (6%) 50 (100%)
Government 5 (10%) 30 (60%) 13 (26%) 2 (4%) 50 (100%)
Total 17 (17%) 48 (48%) 30 (30%) 5 (5%) 100 (100%)
Fig. No 4.6
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.

Interpretation:
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards creating stress at work place is
workplace is 50% and 42% of 20-30 age group overall. Out of 42 respondents of 20-30 age
groups where only 40% of employees face workplace stress. 33% face working long hours.
19% face poor management 7% say risk factor creating stress Out of 21 respondents of 20-30
age groups where only 38% of employees face workplace stress.14% face working long hours.
38% face poor management creating stress 10% say risk factor creating stress Out of 37
respondents of 20-30 age group where only 67% of employees face workplace stress 13% face
working long hours. 12% face poor management creating stress 8% say risk factor creating
stress. On the basis banks 36% of private sector female and 60% 0f government sector female
face working long hour creating stress at work place.
So it can be concluded that 50% of employee were stress from work place

In Table No 4.6 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents on consulting an
authority on important decision
Table No 4.6
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS ON CONSULTING AN AUTHORITY ON
IMPORTANT DECISION

Sr.No Response Private Sector Government sector Total

32
 1 A)Agree 23 (56%) 18 (44%) 41 (41%)
2 B) Disagree 27 (46%) 32 (54%) 59 (59%)
Total 50 (50%) 50 (50%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.

RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS ON CONSULTING AN AUTHORITY ON

IMPORTANT DECISION
35
32
30
27
25 23

20 18
A
15 B

10

0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig 4.6
Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards respondents responded disagree on
consulting an authority on important decisions.56%of private sector females and 44% of
government sector female’s respondent’s responded agree on consulting an authority on
important decisions and about 46% of private sector and 54% of government sector female’s
respondents responded disagree on consulting an authority on important decisions.

So it can be concluded that 59% of employees disagree on consulting and authority for
important decision
In Table No 4.7 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents on their behavior
in stressful events
Table No.4.7
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR IN STRESSFUL EVENTS
Sr. No Age Confused Irritation Positive Tired Total
handling
1 20-30 1 (25%) 22 (55%) 7 (17%) 10 (25%) 40 (100%)

33
2 30-40 8 (20%) 9 (22%) 14 (35%) 10 (25%) 41 (100%)
3 40 above 2 (5%) 4 (10%) 8 (20%) 5 (12%) 19 (100%)
Total 11 (11%) 35 (35%) 29 (29%) 25 (25%) 100 (100%)
Sr. No Type of
sector
1 Private 5 (10%) 17 (34%) 15 (30%) 13 (26%) 50 (100%)
sector
2 Government 6 (12%) 22 (44%) 14 (28%) 8 (18%) 50 (100%)
sector
Total 11 (11%) 39 (39%) 29 (29%) 21 (21%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards behavior in stressful events in which
irritation is the main behavior in stressful events 35% and 41% of 30-40 age groups. Out of 40
respondents of 20-30 age groups where only 25% of employees face confused behavior for the
above mentioned activities. 55% face irritation. 17% positive handling and 25% behavior. Out
of 41 respondents of 30-40 ages groups where only 20% of employees face confused behavior
for the above mentioned activities. 22% face irritation. 35% positive handling and 25%behavior
was tired. Out of 19 respondents of above 40 group age group where only 5% of employees face
confused behavior for the above mentioned activities. 10%face irritation. 20% positive handling
and 12% behavior was tired. With regards to 34% of private sector female and 44% 0f
government sector female feel irritated in stressful events.
So it can be concluded that 35% of employee were have irritation behavior in stress full events

In Table No 4.8 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents in level of stress
they face
Table No 4.8
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS IN LEVEL OF STRESS THEY FACE
Sr. No Age Below Average Above High Total
average average
1 20-30 3(7%) 21(52%) 11(27%) 8(20%) 43(100%)

34
 2 30-40 7(17%) 12(30%) 9(22%) 9(22%) 37(100%)
3 Above 40 4(40%) 8(21%) 6(15%) 2(5%) 20(100%)
Total 14(14%) 41(41%) 26(26%) 19(19%) 100(100%)
Sr.No Type of
Sector
1 Private 7(14%) 8(16%) 5(10%) 30(60%) 50(100%)
2 Government 6(12%) 22(44%) 14(28%) 8(16%) 50(100%)
Total 13(13%) 30(30%) 19(19%) 38(38%) 100(100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards their stress face in personal level in
which average is the main level in stress is 41% and 43% of 20-30 age groups. Out of 43
respondents of 20-30 age groups where only 7% of employees say below average for the above
mentioned activity. 52% says average. 27% say above average and 20% said High stress level.
Out of 37 respondents of 30-40 age groups where only 17% of employees say below average for
the above mentioned activity. 30% says average. 22% say above average and 22% said High
stress level. Out of 20 respondents of 40 above age where only 40% of employees say below
average for the above mentioned activity. 21% says average. 15% say above average and 5%
said High stress level. With regards to banks 60% of private sector female said high stress level
and 44% 0f government sector female said average stress level.
So it can be concluded that 41% of female responds average in there stress level

In Table No 4.9 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards working
in the sector
Table No 4.9
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS WHILE WORKING IN THE SECTOR
Sr.No Age Great Satisfied Frustrated Depressed Total
1 20-30 9(21%) 19(45%) 10(24%) 4(10%) 42(100%)

35
2 30-40 5(22%) 10(43%) 5(22%) 3(13%) 23(100%)
3 Above 40 6(17%) 17(48%) 9(25%) 3(8%) 35(100%)
Total 20(20%) 46(46%) 24(24%) 10(10%) 100(100%)
Sr. Type of
No Sector
1 Private 14(28%) 7(14%) 20(40%) 9(18%) 50(100%)
2 Government 10(20%) 20(40%) 16(32%) 4(8%) 50(100%)
Total 24(24%) 27(27%) 36(36%) 13(13%) 100(100%)

36
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards their behavior in stressful events
which irritation is the main behavior in stress is 35% and 41% of 30-40 age groups. Total 42
respondents of 20-30 age groups where only 21% of females feel great while working in the
bank. 45% was satisfied. 24% was frustrated and 10% was depressed. Total 23 respondents of
30-40 age groups where only 22% of females feel great while working in the sector. 43% was
satisfied. 22% was frustrated and 13% was depressed. Out of 35 respondents of 40 above age
groups where only 17% of females feel great while working in the bank. 48% was satisfied.
25% was frustrated and 8% was depressed. With regards to sector 40% of private sector female
were frustrate and 40% 0f government sector female were satisfied.
So it can be concluded that 46% of employee were satisfied from their work

37
 Age
Sr. No Working 20-30 30-40 Above 40 Total
1 Dealing with customer 1 3 2
2 Administration 3 1 2
3 To achieve goal 4 2 4
4 Relationship with manager 1 4 1
5 Learning new skills at work 3 1 4 49
6 Job is not worthwhile 5 6 2
7 Any other specify - - -
Total 17 17 15
Sr. No Home
1 Culture of family - 2 -
2 Busy with children 4 12 2
3 Privacy 8 4 3
4 No appreciation by family - 3 -
5 House hold duties 4 2 - 46
6 Things intact at home 2 - -
7 Any other specify - - -
Total 18 23 5
Sr. No Social Media
1 Identity fraud 1 - -
2 Relationship status and - - -
posts
3 Online shopping - - -
4 News - 2 2
5 Lifestyle envy - - - 5
6 Virtual friendship - - -
7 Any other specify - - -
Total 1 2 2
100

38
In Table No 4.10 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards various
stress factors
Table No 4.10
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS VARIOUS STRESS FACTORS
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards stress factors they are facing in
working, social media and home in which total respondents 49 female ere facing work stress, 46
female were facing home stress and 5 were facing social media stress, so it can be concluded
that most of the females were facing work stress .So it can be concluded that 49% of employee
were stressed due to their working

39
In Table No 4.11 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents in rating the
stress factors
Table No 4.11
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS IN RATING THE STRESS FACTORS
Age
Sr.No Working 20-30 30-40 Above Total
40
1 Dealing with customer 5 1 1
2 Administration 1 2 1
3 To achieve goal 3 1 2
4 Relationship with manager 2 3 1
5 Learning new skills at work 4 1 - 32
6 Job is not worthwhile 2 1 -
7 Any other specify - - -
Total 17 10 5
Sr. No Home
1 Culture of family 1 1 4
2 Busy with children 2 2 2
3 Privacy 7 1
4 No appreciation by family 1 2 2
5 House hold duties 6 3 1 40
6 Things intact at home 1 1 3
7 Any other specify - - -
Total 11 16 13
Sr. No Social Media
1 Identity fraud 1 1 -
2 Relationship status and posts 4 - -
3 Online shopping 9 - -
4 News 3 3 3
5 Lifestyle envy 2 - -

40
 28
6 Virtual friendship - 2 -
7 Any other specify - - -
Total 19 6 3
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards various main factors creating stress in
sector .Out of 17 respondents of 20-30 age group said learning new skills at work place main
cause of stress and rate highest and Administration was rated lowest Out of 16 respondents of
30-40 age group said privacy at home main cause of stress and rate highest and culture of family
and things intact at home was rated lowest. Out of 19 respondents of 19 of 20-30 age group said
online shopping on social media main cause of stress and rate highest and identity fraud was
rated lowest
So it can be concluded that 40 % of females rated home stress being highest

41
In Table No 4.12 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards the
upper management pressure
Table No 4.12
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS THE UPPER MANAGEMENT
PRESSURE

Sr.No Type of Sector Yes No Total

1 Private 43 (86%) 7 (14%) 50 (100%)
2 Government 32 (64%) 18 (36%) 50 (100%)
Total 75 (75%) 25 (25%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS THE UPPER MANAGEMENT
PRESSURE

50

45 43

40

35
32
30

25 Yes
No
20 18

15

10
7
5

0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig. No 4.12

42
Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards employees’ main reason of stress was
upper management pressure 86% of private sector female’s and 64% of government sector
female’s respondents responded said yes upper management is the main reason of stress and
about 14%of private sector females and 36% of government sector females respondents
responded no upper management is not the reason of stress.
So it can be concluded that 75% employees’ main reason of stress was upper management
pressure
In Table No 4.13 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards helping
employees to reduce stress
Table No 4.13
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS HELPING EMPLOYEE TO REDUCE
STRESS
Sr.N Age Family Friends Colleagues Others Total
o
1 20-30 10 (26%) 20 (53%) 5 (13%) 3 (18%) 38 (100%)
2 30-40 12 (32%) 11 (30%) 9 (24%) 5 (13%) 37 (100%)
3 Above 40 9 (36%) 13 (52%) 2 (8%) 1 (4%) 25 (100%)
Total 31 (31%) 44 (44%) 16 (16%) 9 (4%) 100 (100%)
Sr. Type of Sector
No
1 Private 10 (20%) 9 (18%) 21 (42%) 10 (20%) 50 (100%)
2 Government 14 (28%) 7 (14%) 16 (32%) 13 (26%) 50 (100%)
Total 24 (24%) 16 (16%) 37 (37%) 23 (13%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards reducing their stress in which friend
was the main reason in reducing the stress 44% and 38% of 20-30 age group. Out of 38
respondents 20-30 age group where 26% of employees find family main reason to reduce stress
in the above mentioned activities. 53% females find friend main reason to reduce stress. 13%
females find colleagues main reason to reduce stress and only 18% of employees find others
main reason to reduce stress. Out of 37 respondents of 20-30 age groups where 32% of
employees find family main reason to reduce stress in the above mentioned activities. 30%
females find friend main reason to reduce stress. 24% females find colleagues main reason to
reduce stress and only 13% of employees find others main reason to reduce stress. Out of 25
respondents of 20-30 age groups where 36% of employees find family main reason to reduce
stress in the above mentioned activities. 52% females find friend main reason to reduce stress.

43
8% females find colleagues main reason to reduce stress and only 4% of employees find others
main reason to reduce stress. With regards to sector 42 % of private sector female and 32% 0f
government sector female find colleagues main reason to reduce stress.
So it can concluded that 44% of employees seek help from friends to reduce stress

In Table No 4.14efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards support
to manage stress
Table No 4.14
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS SUPPORT TO MANAGE STRESS

Sr.No Type of Sector Large extend Less extend Total

1 Private 13 (26%) 37 (74%) 50 (100%)

2 Government 14 (28%) 36 (72%) 50 (100%)

Total 27 (27%) 73 (73%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS SUPPORT TO MANAGE STRESS

40
37
36
35

30

25

20 Large Extend
Less Extend
15 14
13

10

0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig. No 4.14

44
Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards support to manage stress 26% of
private sector females and 28% of government sector employees mentioned large extend in
supporting to manage stress and about74% of private sector and 72% of government sector
employees mentioned less extend in supporting to manage stress.
So it can be concluded that 73% that there stress were reduce at less extent

In Table No 4.15efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents do stress effect
on their health
Table No 4.15
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS DO STRESS EFFECT ON THEIR HEALTH

Sr.No Response Private Government Total

1 Agree 29 (52%) 26 (47%) 55 (100%)
2 Disagree 0 0 0 (0%)
3 Can’t say 21 (47%) 24 (53%) 45 (100%)
Total 50 (50%) 50 (50%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS DO STRESS EFFECT ON THEIR HEALTH

35

30 29
26
25 24
21
20
Agree
Disagree
15 Can't Say

10

0
Private Sector Government Sector

45
 Fig. No 4.15
Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards stress effect on health52% of private
sector females and about 47% of government sector females mentioned agree for having
adverse effect on health and 47% of private sector females and 53% of government sector
female mentioned can’t say for adverse effect on heath and no one answered disagree.
So it can be concluded that 55% of employees agree to have an adverse effect on their health

In Table No 4.16efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards various
ill habit are included due to stress
Table No 4.16
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS VARIOUS ILL HABIT ARE INCLUDED
DUE TO STRESS
Sr.No Age Drugs Smoking Alcohol None Total
1 20-30 - - - 42(100%) 42(100%)
2 30-40 - - 3(8%) 36(92%) 39(100%)
3 Above 40 - - - 19(100%) 19(100%)
Total - - 3(3%) 97(97%) 100(100%)
Sr.No Type of
sector
1 Private 0 0 19(38%) 31(65%) 50(100%)
2 Government 0 0 0 50(100%) 50(100%)
Total 0 0 19(19%) 81(81%) 100(100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards their ill habits included due to stress
in which 97% of females said none 42% of 20-30 age group. Out of 42 respondents of 20-30
ages group where 100% of females said none .Out of 39 respondents 39% of 30-40 age groups
where 8% of female said alcohol ill habit to reduce stress and 92% said none .Out of 19
respondent of above 40 age group where 100% of females said none. With regard to sector
65%of private sector and 100of government sector said none for ill habits.
So it can be concluded that 97% of employee do not included any ill habit due to stress.

46
In Table No 4.17efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents for personally
wellness plan
Table No 4.17
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS FOR PERSONALLY WELLNESS PLAN

Sr.No Type of Sector Yes No Total

1 Private 38 (76%) 12 (24%) 50 (100%)
2 Government 13 (26%) 37 (74%) 50 (100%)
Total 51 (51%) 49 (49%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method.
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS FOR PERSONALLY WELLNESS PLAN

40 38
37
35

30

25

20 Yes
No
15 13
12
10

0
Private Sector Government Sector

Fig. No 4.17

47
 Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards personally wellness plan 76% of
private sector females and 26% of government sector females mentioned yes for personally
wellness plan and 24% of private and 74% of government females mentioned no for personally
wellness plan.
So it can be concluded that 51% of employees do have personally wellness plan

In Table No 4.18efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents on health and
fitness
Table No 4.18
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS ON HEALTH AND FITNESS
Sr.N Age Learn to Reduce Improve Decrease Total
o eat balance stress overall body fat
diet health
1 20-30 8 (23%) 8 (23%) 9 (26%) 10 (28%) 35 (100%)
2 30-40 3 (8%) 19 (50%) 11 (30%) 5 (13%) 38 (100%)
3 Above 40 - 8 (30%) 5 (18%) 14 (51%) 27 (100%)
Total 11 (11%) 35(35%) 25 (25%) 29 (29%) 100 (100%)
Sr.N Type of Sector
o
1 Private 11 (22%) 18 (36%) 20 (40%) 1 (2%) 50 (100%)
2 Government 16 (32%) 15 (30%) 6 (12%) 13 (26%) 50 (100%)
Total 27 (27%) 33 (33%) 26 (26%) 14 (14%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards various fitness and nutrition goal in
which reducing stress was the main goal in which 35% and 38%of 20-30 age group. Out of 35
respondents of 20-30 age group where 23% mentioned learn to eat balance for above mentioned
activities.23% mentioned reduce stress 26% mentioned improve overall health and 13%
mentioned to decrease body fat. Out of 38 respondents of 20-30 age group 8% mentioned learn
to eat balance for above mentioned activities. 50% mentioned reduce stress 30% mentioned
improve overall health and 13% mentioned to decrease body fat. Out of 27 respondents of 20-30
age group where 23% no one mentioned learn to eat balance for above mentioned activities.

48
 30% mentioned reduce stress 18% mentioned improve overall health and 51% mentioned to
decrease body fat. With regards to sector 40% of private sector females mentioned improve
overall health and 32% of government sector females mentioned learn to eat balance diet
So it can be concluded that 35% of employees want to reduce stress as there fitness goal.

In Table No 4.19 efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards various
things done while stressed
Table No 4.19
Q19 RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS VARIOUS THINGS DONE WHILE
STRESSED
Sr.No Age Yoga Meditation Outing Others Total
1 20-30 10 (21%) 17 (36%) 12 (26%) 8 (17%) 47 (100%)
2 30-40 15 (38%) 14 (36%) 6 (15%) 4 (10%) 39 (100%)
3 Above 40 6 (43%) 3 (21%) 1 (28%) 4 (28%) 14 (100%)
Total 31 (31%) 34 (34%) 19 (19%) 16 (16%) 100 (100%)
Sr.No Type of
Sector
1 Private 17 (34%) 7 (14%) 20 (40%) 6 (12%) 50 (100%)
2 Government 6 (12%) 12 (24%) 13 (26%) 19 (38%) 50 (100%)
Total 23 (23%) 19 (19%) 33 (33%) 25 (25%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards things to do when stress in which
meditation was the main response of the female’s employees 34% and 47 of 20-30 ages. Out of
47 respondents of 20-30 age group where only 21% females do yoga for the above mentioned
activity 36% do meditation 26% do outing and 17% mentioned other activities. Out of 39
respondents of 20-30 age group where only 38% females do yoga for the above mentioned
activity 36% do meditation 15% do outing and 10% mentioned other activities. Out of 14
respondents of 20-30 age group where only 43% females do yoga for the above mentioned

49
activity 21% do meditation 28% do outing and 28% mentioned other activities. With regards to
sector 40% of private sector female’s mention outing to reduce stress and 38% of government
sector female mentioned other things to reduce stress
So it can be concluded that 34% of employees do meditation when they are stressed

In Table No 4.17efforts has been made to analyze the response of respondents towards time
devote for above activity
Table No 4.20
RESPONSE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS TIME DEVOTE FOR ABOVE
ACTIVITY
Sr.No Age Less than 1 More than 5 1-5 hour a Total
hour a week hour a week week
1 20-30 19 (45%) 15 (36%) 8 (19%) 42 (100%)
2 30-40 10 (28%) 12 (33%) 14 (39%) 36 (100%)
3 Above 40 27 (6%) 12 (34%) 4 (18%) 22 (100%)
Total 35 (35%) 39 (39%) 26 (26%) 100 (100%)
Sr.No Type of sector
1 Private 13 (26%) 28 (56%) 9 (18%) 50 (100%)
2 Government 10 (20%) 16 (32%) 24 (48%) 50 (100%)
Total 23 (23%) 44 (19%) 33 (33%) 100 (100%)
Source: - Data collected through questionnaire method

Interpretation
In above Table shows the response of respondent towards time devoted for above activity is
more than 5 hour a week in which 39% and 42% of 20-30 age groups. Out of 42 respondents of
20-30 age groups where only 45% employees devoted less than 1 hour a week. For the above
mentioned activity 36% devoted more than 5 hour a week 19% devoted 1-5 hour a week .Out of
36 respondents of 20-30 age groups where only 28% employees devoted less than 1 hour a
week. For the above mentioned activity 33% devoted more than 5 hour a week 139% devoted 1-
5 hour a week. Out of 22 respondents of 20-30 age groups where only 6% employees devoted

50
less than 1 hour a week. For the above mentioned activity 34% devoted more than 5 hours a
week 18% devoted 1-5 hour a week .With regards to sector 56% of private sector females
devote more than 5 hour a week and 48% of government sector females devote 1-5 hour a week
So it can be concluded that 39% of employees devote more than 5 hour of week for the above
mention

Summary

This training report named as “A STUDY ON AWARENESS ABOUT STRESS AMONG

WORKING FEMALES (GOVERNMENT &PRIVATE) SECTOR Solan (H.P)” involved
the day to day working at both the sectors for women. This study is structured of five chapters
namely, Introduction, Literature Review, Research Methodology and last one is summary and
conclusion.

First chapter covers the introduction efforts has been made to explore the concepts related to
stress ,meaning, definitions, feature, advantages, disadvantages, objectives,

The second chapter i.e. literature review analyze the work of all those researcher who worked in
the field of stress

In third chapter i.e. research methodology highlights the scope of the study, need of the study,
objectives of study,

The forth chapter i.e. data analysis and interpretation, efforts have been made to analyses the
data with the help of percentage method

After the analysis of collected data the following findings were emerged
 97 % of Females were aware about stress in which 49% of female was in private sector
and 51% in government sector
 Maximum female employee were facing mental stress in which 48% of private sector
and 52% of government sector

51
  Maximum number of working females said 50% work place creating stress in which
more stress was seen in 20-30 age group
 On consulting and authority on important decision 41% of employees ask for authority
 Maximum female work for 50-60 hour per week in which most of the employees were
of age 30-40
 Most of the employee were irritated when they are stressed 34% of private sector and
44% of government sector in which most of the employees lie in 30-40 age group
 41% of employees said average level of stressed faced by female in which most of the
females age was 20-30
 46% of employees was satisfied while working in the sector in which 14% of private
sector and 40% of government sector
 Among stress factor most of the employees was stressed from their work which is 5%
from social media and 40% from home
 Maximum female highly rated privacy and house hold duty creating more stress factor
under home
 75% of employees agreed for facing upper management pressure in which most of =the
employees was of private sector
 44% of employee respondent as their friend help to reduce stress in which 38% of
employees age was 20-30
 73% of employee responded less extend to manage their stress
 Maximum number of female employee was not indulge in ill habit due to stress only
3% of women age group 30-40 was indulge in alcohol
 35% of females wants to reduce stress as a health and fitness goal in which most of the
employees lie in 30-40 age group in 36% of private sector and 30% of government
sector
 Maximum number of female 34% do meditation when they are stressed in which most
of the employees age was 30-40 14% of private sector and 24% of government sector

Suggestion

1) The private sector need to improve the job satisfaction of the women by providing job
security and facility of promotion.

2) The government sector need to improve the culture of the organization by providing various
programs.

3) The private sector need to improve upper Management by showing soft behavior.

4) Both the sectors need to work on the personal and wellness plan

Conclusion:

52
In sum it can be said that stress affect the performance of women as it can be seen in the tables
presented in the previous chapters, there may be some other factors which affect the
performance of the women. Hence a good impact of the communication, meditation, and to be
around the family and friends can help in managing the stress

53
 CHAPTER: VI

BIBLOGRAPHY

 GUPTA SHASHI K.“Human Resource Management” 2009 Edition

Kalyani Publisher
 PATTANAYAK BISWAJEET “HUMAN RESOURSE
MANAGEMENT” Third Edition Ashok K. Ghosh Publisher
 WATERMAN RICHARD P. “BASIC BUSINESS STATISTICS”Vikas
publisher
 Web Sites: www.stress.about.com
www.hr.com
www.virtualpsych.com
www.humanresourse.hrvinet.com

54
 Questionnaire on Stress Management
Name _______________ Age______

Types of sector

Private__________________ b) Government __________

1. Have you felt stress?

a) Yes b) no

2. What kinds of stress you are facing

a) physical b) Mental

3. Does stress proves your point wrong

a) Agree b) disagree

4. Please estimate the average no of working hour per week

a) 40-50 c) 60-70
b) 50-60 d) 70 above

5. What are the factors creating stress at work place

a) Workplace b) Working long hours
c) Poor Management d) Risk

6. When you are stressed do you consult an authority on important decisions?

a) Agree b) disagree

7. What is your behavior in stressful events?

a) Confused c) Positive Handling
b) Irritated d) Tired
8. Rate your Personal level of stress you face
a) Below average c)Above Average
b) Average d)High

9. How do you feel while working in the organization?

a) Great c) Frustrated
b) Satisfied d) Depressed

10. Tick the Appropriate stress factor you are facing?

Working Home Social media

Dealing with customer Culture of family Identity fraud
Administration Busy with children Relationship status and posts
To achieve goal Privacy Online shopping
Relationship with manager No appreciation by family News
Learning new skills at work House hold duties Lifestyle envy
Job is not worthwhile Things intact at home Virtual friendship
Any other___________________ specify Any other ___________________Specify Any other ____________________specify

55
11. Rate the following factors from 1-6 where 6 being highest

Working Home Social media

Dealing with customer Culture of family Identity fraud
Administration Busy with children Relationship status and posts
To achieve goal Privacy Online shopping
Relationship with manager No appreciation by family News
Learning new skills at work House hold duties Lifestyle envy
Job is not worthwhile Things intact at home Virtual friendship

12. Does the upper Management pressure main reason of stress?

a) Yes b) No

13. Among the following help you to reduce your stress

a) Family c) Friends
b) Colleagues d) Others

14. To what extent does they support you to manage your stress?
a) Large extend b) Less extend

15. Stress has an adverse effect on our health

a) Agree
b) Disagree
c) Can’t say

16. What ill Habit you are included due to stress

a) Drugs c) Alcohol
b) Smoking d) None

17. Do you have any personally wellness plan

a) Yes b) no

18. What are your fitness & nutrition goal

a) Learn to eat balance diet
b) Reduce stress
c) Improve overall heath
d) Decrease body fat

19. What you do when you are stressed

a) Yoga b) Meditation
c) Outing d) Others__________________

20. How much time you devote for above activity

a) Less than 1 hour a week
b) More than 5 hour in a week
c) 1-5 hour a week

56