PROJECT BY
VIGNESHWARAN D
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MY SQL
SQL STANDS FOR STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL) WHICH IS
FUNDAMENTALLY A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE DESIGNED FOR ACCESSING,
MODIFYING AND EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM RELATIONAL DATABASES .
MYSQL IS THE WORLD’S MOST POPULAR OPEN SOURCE DATABASE.
ACCORDING TO DB ENGINES.
MYSQL POWERS MANY OF THE MOST ACCESSED APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING
FACEBOOK, TWITTER, NETFLIX, UBER, AIRBNB, SHOPIFY, AND BOOKING.COM
DBMS STANDS FOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS A SOFTWARE THAT
MANAGE OR ORGANIZE THE DATA IN A DATABASE.
WE CAN ARRANGE THE DATA IN A TABULAR FORM ( I.E. IN ROW OR COLUMN ).
IT HELPS THE USER TO RETRIEVE THE DATA FROM THE DATABASE.
BEST EXAMPLES OF DBMS ARE – MYSQL, ORACLE, DBASE ETC.
• RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
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MYSQL, MICROSOFT SQL SERVER, ORACLE MICROSOFT ACCESS
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• DBMS • RDBMS
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• XML • MYSQL POSTGRESQL
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Numeric data type Description
INT -2147483648 to 2147483647
0 to 42949677295
(11 DIGITS)
TINYINT -128 to 127
0 to 255
(4 digits)
SMALLINT -327688 to 32767
0 to 65535
(5 digits)
MEDIUMINT -8388608 to 8388607
0 to 16777215
(9 digits)
Numeric data type Description
BIGINT -9223372036854775808 to
9223372036854775808
0 to 18446744073709551615
(20 digits)
FLOAT(m,d) Default to 12,2
24 places for a float.
DOUBLE(m,d) Default to 16,4
53 places for double.
• IN SQL , STRING DATA TYPES ARE USED TO STORE ANY KIND OF DATA
IN THE TABLE , THE DIFFERRENT TYPES OF STRING DATA TYPES ARE :
• CHAR (NUM): A FIXED LENGTH STRING WHICH CAN CONTAIN LETTERS, NUMBERS AND
SPECIAL CHARACTERS.
• VARCHAR (NUM): A VARIABLE LENGTH STRING WHICH CAN CONTAIN LETTERS,
NUMBER AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS.
• BINARY (NUM): EQUAL TO CHAR, BUT STORES BINARY BYTES
• VARBINARY (NUM): EQUAL TO VARCHAR , BUT STORES BINARY BYTES
• TEXT: CONTAINS NON-BINARY STRINGS. THE LENGTH IS FIXED, YOU SPECIFY IT WHEN
DECLARING.
VARCHAR (Size) Maximum size of 255 characters.
TINYTEXT(Size) Maximum size of 255 characters.
TEXT(Size) Maximum size of 65,535 characters.
5 digits
MEDIUMTEXT (Size) Maximum size of 16,777,215 characters.
9 digits
LONGTEXT (Size) Maximum size of 4GB or 4,294,967,295
characters.
BINARY (Size) Maximum size of 255 Characters
VARBINARY (Size) Maximum size of 255 Characters
Datatype Range Example
Date ‘1000-01-01’ to ‘9999-12-31’. Displayed as
‘yyyy-mm-dd’.
Date Time ‘1000-01-01 00:00:00’ to Displayed as
‘9999-12-31 23:59:59’. ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:MM:SS’.
Timestamp ‘1970-01-01 00:00:01’ UTC to Displayed as
‘2038-01-19 03:14:07’ TC. ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:MM:SS’.
Time ‘-838:59:59’ to ‘838:59:59’. Displayed as
‘HH:MM:SS’
Year 2 digits or 4 digits. Default is 4 digits.
• CREATE DATABASE (CREATE A NEW • ALTER TABLE ( FOR NEW COLUMN CREATION)
DATABASE) • ALTER TABLE MODIFY
• SHOW DATABASE (VIEW DATABASES) • ALTER TABLE DROP ( DROP THE COLUMN)
• DROP DATABASE • ALTER TABLE RENAME (RENAME THE TABLE)
• ALTER DATABASE (MODIFY DATABASE) • UPDATE TABLE ( TO CHANGE THE VALUES)
• CREATE TABLES
• SHOW TABLES
• INSERT VALUES
• DROP TABLE
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• MARIA DB MYSQL
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• CREATE DATABASE - USED TO CREATE A NEW DATABASE OR A NEW TABLE.
• SHOW DATABASE - USED TO VIEW THE DATABASE.
• DROP DATABASE - USED TO DELETE A VIEW, TABLE OR INDEX FROM A DATABASE.
• ALTER DATABASE - USED TO ALTER OR CHANGE THE STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE.
• CREATE TABLES - USED TO CREATE A NEW TABLE IN A DATABASE.
• SHOW TABLES - USED TO VIEW THE TABLE IN A DATABASE.
• INSERT VALUES - USED TO ADD NEW DATA TO A TABLE IN A DATABASE.
• DROP TABLE - USED TO DELETE THE ENTIRE TABLE FROM A DATABASE.
• ALTER TABLE - USED TO MODIFYING THE TABLE TO ADD NEW ROWS AND COLUMNS.
• ALTER TABLE MODIFY -
• ALTER TABLE DROP - USED TO DROP THE COLUMN OF THE TABLE.
• ALTER TABLE RENAME - USED TO RENAME THE TABLE.
• UPDATE TABLE - USED TO CHANGE THE VALUES IN A TABLE.
• SQL CREATE DATABASE THIS STATEMENT IS USED TO CREATE A NEW SQL DATABASE.
- SYNTAX - CREATE DATABASE DATABASENAME ;
- EXAMPLE - CREATE DATABASE VIKKYWOOFYZ;
• SQL DROP DATABASE - THIS STATEMENT IS USED TO DROP A EXISTING DATABASE.
- SYNTAX - DROP DATABASE DATABASENAME ;
- EXAMPLE - DROP DATABASE VIKKYWOOFYZ ;
• SQL CREATE TABLE - USED TO CREATE A NEW TABLE IN A DATABASE.
- EXAMPLE - CREATE TABLE SUPPLIERS ( SUPPLIERID INT, FIRSTNAME VARCHAR(25),
LASTNAME VARCHAR(25), CITY VARCHAR(25), COUNTRY VARCHAR(25) );
SQL DESCRIBE STATEMENT
SYNTAX - DESCRIBE TABLENAME; OR DESC TABLENAME;
EXAMPLE - DESCRIBE STUDENT_INFO;
• SQL DROP TABLE
SQL ALTER TABLE ( DROP COLUMN )
SYNTAX
EXAMPLE EMP_DET
SQL ALTER TABLE ( ADD COLUMN ) - USED TO ADD A COLUMN
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• SYNTAX
INSERT INTO
VALUES
INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO
VALUES
EXAMPLE
INSERT INTO STUDENT_INFO
SELECT STATEMENT
SYNTAX
EXAMPLE
DISTINCT STATEMENT DISTINCT
DIFFERENT VALUES
SYNTAX - SELECT DISTINCT COLUMNNAME FROM TABLE_NAME;
EXAMPLE - SELECT DISTINCT MARKS FROM STUDENT_INFO;
• UPDATE STATEMENT
• SYNTAX
EXAMPLE
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• CONDITION
• SYNTAX - SELECT COLUMNNAME FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE CONDITION;
• EXAMPLE - SELECT CITY_STATE, INCOME FROM EMP_DET WHERE EMP_ID = 101;
• HAVING CLAUSE
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE
• SQL CONSTRAINTS
SYNTAX
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• SQL AND OPERATOR
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE
• SQL OR OPERATOR
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE
• SQL NOT OPERATOR
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE
• SQL IN OPERATOR
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE
• SQL BETWEEN OPERATOR – THE BETWEEN OPERATOR SELECTS VALUES WITHIN A
GIVEN RANGE. THE VALUES CAN BE NUMBERS, TEXT AND DATES .THE BETWEEN OPERATOR
IS INCLUSIVE: BEGIN AND END VALUES ARE INCLUDED.
• SYNTAX - SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE COLUMN_NAME BETWEEN VALUE1 AND VALUE2;
EXAMPLE - SELECT * FROM STUDENT_INFO WHERE MARKS BETWEEN 50 AND 100;
ORDER BY
SYNTAX
EXAMPLE
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SYNTAX
EXAMPLE
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• SQL JOINS
• SQL JOIN STATEMENTS
• INNER JOIN
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE - SELECT PRODUCTID, PRODUCTNAME, CATEGORYNAME
• FROM PRODUCTS
• INNER JOIN CATEGORIES ON PRODUCTS.CATEGORYID = CATEGORIES.CATEGORYID;
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• CASE EXPRESSION
• SYNTAX
• EXAMPLE
INDEX
INDEXES
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• PROCEDURES STORED PROCEDURES
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• TRIGGER
• EXAMPLE
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AFTER INSERT TRIGGERS
AFTER UPDATE TRIGGERS
AFTER DELETE TRIGGERS
BEFORE INSERT TRIGGERS
BEFORE INSERT TRIGGERS
BEFORE DELETE TRIGGERS
