SP CONCARE PVT. LTD.

ISO 9001 : 2015 COMPANY

Structural Strengthening by FRP system …
INTRO………

 Leading construction chemical Manufacturer

 It was established in 2008
 Excellent track records
 Quality products and services
 Well equipped laboratory
 Innovative Products
 WHAT IS STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING ?
 Structural strengthening is the process of upgrading structures to
improve performance under existing loads. or to increase the
strength of structural members to carry additional loads.

 Upgradation
1) Flexural Capacity
2) Shear Capacity
3) Axial Load Bearing capacity
4) Seismic Resistance
WHAT IS STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING ?

20 KN

40 KN
WHY STRENGTHENING ?

Design Stage Errors :

Loading
Specification

Change of code

Drafting errors
Construction Errors

Insufficient
compaction

Inadequate curing
time

Poor Workmanship
 Service Stage Errors

Overloading Upgrading

Earthquake/Seis Lack of regular

mic forces maintenance

Concrete
deterioration
 WHAT ARE THE CONVENTIONAL
STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES ?

Steel Plate Bonding

Bulky set-up Labor and Time intensive

Difficult to align and install

Design needs to cater for weight of steel plates

Requires heavy equipment

Steel plates need to be tailor made

Drilling and bolting cause further distress

 RCC Jacketing

 Bulky set-up with massive formwork

 Labor and Time intensive

 Fairly destructive

 Improper bond between new and existing

concrete

 Lack of compatibility between old and new

concrete

 Offset from original alignment

External Post tensioning

 Labor and Time intensive

 Requires special equipment

 Requires skilled labor

 Requires easy access to work area

 Fairly destructive

 Uneven surface finish

 Offset from original alignment

 May not be aesthetically acceptable

 What is FRP ?
 Fibre-reinforced plastic is a composite material made of a
polymer matrix reinforced with fibres
History
 Europe :- In 1980 for flexural
strengthening of bridge

 Germany :- Experimental work, 1978.

 Japan :- Confinement of RCC columns,

1980.

 US :- Researches since 1930

 India :- Researches since 1997

Initiative of National Science Foundation

(NSF), Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA), 1980.
FRP Application System :-

 Precured

 Wet-lay up
 Fibres ?
Carbon Fibre :- Produced by heating
organic precursor materials containing
substantial amount of carbon

Properties
Thickness
Aramid Fibers

Chain of aromatic poly-amide molecules

Properties
Thickness
Glass Fibers

 Filament drawn from inorganic fusion of

silica-based material.

Properties
Thickness
Resins

 Epoxy
 Polyester
 Vinyl esters
 Poly urethane (NDR)
Products

 Precured/Bond critical  Wet layup System/contact critical

applications applications

RIPSTAR 122 (epoxy Putty)

RIPSTAR 122
RIPSTAR 155
RIPSTAR 155 DUROCON 49
DUROCON 49 RIPSTAR Primer
RIPSTAR Primer RIPSTAR Saturant

RIPSTAR laminate adhesive RIPSTAR Fiber

Topcoat or sand sprinkle
RIPSTAR Laminate
Things to check ……….

1) Pull off strength of substrate

2) Compressive strength
Application
Procedure
Surface Preparation
• Remove existing finishes to
expose bare concrete
surface
• Concrete surface to be
smoothen to give an even
surface with no voids or pot-
holes
• Chamfer edges and corners
to a radius of approximately
20 mm.
Surface repairing
Material Preparation
 Application of RIPSTAR Primer
 Saturation of substrate using RIPSTAR
Saturant
 Application Fibre sheets
 Rolling to remove air gaps
 Second coat of Saturant
 Sand Sprinkling
Impregnation? Fibre

Resin
After strengthening
 Protective Coatings

 Epoxy coating :- SMARTSIL 1234

 Polyurethane :- SPANDEK 325
 Acrylic coating :- SMARTSIL 450
 Intumescent coating :- SMARTSIL IR
Advantages
Does not require
Easy to install
High Strength- Low labor and heavy and
and non-
to-Weight Ratio less downtime special
destructive
equipment

Can be used in Flexible and Durable, non-

No off-setting
space- able to adapt corrosive and
from original
constrained to various able to resist
alignment
areas shapes corrosion

No
maintenance
 Area of application

Beams

Slab

Column

Walls

Joints/connection

Chimneys

Domes

Tunnels

Pipes

Silos

Timber

Cast-Iron

Steel trusses

Vaults
Mechanism of action ?
Confinement
Enhancement
Flexural capacity
of flexural
elements
shear capacity
Crack of beams,
propagation columns and
walls

vertical load-
bearing
Corrosion
capacity of
columns

Seismic ductility under

resistance cyclic loadings
Strengthening
configurations
Shear
Strengthening
Need of shear anchor
 Fire resistance

Under water applications

Special
Cases

Environmental effect
How SPC executes strengthening enquiry

 Step 1 :- Acquire input data

 Step 2 :- Existing load by reverse engineering

𝑃𝑢 = (0.4 × 𝑓𝑐𝑘 × 𝐴𝑐 ) + (0.67 × f𝑦 × 𝐴𝑠𝑐 )

Pu : Existing axial compressive strength of non-slender, normal-weight concrete

member
fck : compressive strength of concrete(MPa)
Fy :- Specified yield strength of non-prestressed steel reinforcement, psi (MPa)
Asc: - Total area of longitudinal reinforcement, (mm2)
Ac:- Cross-sectional area of concrete in compression member
 Step 3 : - Basic strength analysis and assessment

Rn :- Existing load capacity of column, KN

SDL : - Additional dead load
SLL : - Additional live load

 Step 4 : - System selection

Glass Fiber :- RIPSTAR G FIBRE 600 GSM
RIPSTAR G FIBRE 750 GSM
RIPSTAR G FIBRE 900 GSM
Carbon Fiber :- RIPSTAR C FIBRE 200 GSM
RIPSTAR C FIBRE 400 GSM
RIPSTAR C FIBRE 600 GSM

 Step 5 :- Calculation of confining pressure

′ −𝑓′ )
(𝑓𝑐𝑐
𝑓1 = 𝑐
……………
(3.3×𝑘𝑎 )

fl : maximum confining pressure due to FRP jacket, MPa

f’cc : compressive strength of confined concrete, MPa
f’c : specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa
ka: efficiency factor for FRP reinforcement based on geometry of cross section.
 Step 6 :- Assessment of strength achieved by selected fibre type
 Fatigue resistance of FRPS :-
1) Substantial data on fatigue behaviour is generated from materials used by
aerospace industry.

2) After 1 million cycles, fatigue strength of CFRP is generally between 60 and 70

percent of the initial static ultimate strength and is relatively unaffected by the
moisture and temperature exposures of concrete structures.
 Creep resistance of FRPS

1) GFRP/AFRP materials subjected to a sustained load can suddenly fail after a time
period referred to as the endurance time.

2) Sustained stress in the FRP is should be kept below the creep rupture stress limits, the
strength of the FRP is available for no sustained loads.

3) Carbon fiber is least susceptible to creep.

Our Work in
this field
 SPC’s Presence in
international
research papers

Paper 1 :- Multidiscipline modelling

in Materials and structures
 SPC’s Presence in
international
research papers

Paper 2 :- Optimization of dynamic

properties of dynamic composite
shaft with NDR and other saturants
 SPC’s Presence in
international
research papers

Paper 3 :- Optimization of design

variables for carbon and glass
composites laminates
 Total 12 specimens
were casted. 6 were
Inhouse tests were
of circular cross
performed to check
section having dia.
effectiveness of FRP
of 150 mm and 6
sheet systems over
were rectangular
column.
having cross section
of 150X150 mm.
Indoor Tests :
on columns Out of 6 specimens
All the specimens of each set, 3 were
were provided with 4 wrapped with 900
bar of 12 mm as GSM unidirectional
longitudinal glass fiber sheets
reinforcement and 8 and 3 were without
mm dia stirrups. any FRP
reinforcement
 Results

Column Specimen Peak Load (Ton)

Circular specimen without wrapped with FRP 45

Circular specimen wrapped with FRP > 95

(Limited by
machine capacity)
Square column without wrapped with FRP 50

Square column wrapped with FRP > 95

(Limited by
machine capacity)
 Total 4 specimens
Tests were taken were casted, 2
on RCC beams were control
strengthened with specimens and 2
CFRP laminate were
system strengthened with
CFRP laminates.
Test on
beams Reinforced with 2
bars 10 mm as
Cross section of
bottom
specimens was of
reinforcement
230 mm X 300
and 2 bars of 8
mm
mm as top
reinforcement
 Results
Load Carrying capacity
DESIGNATION LOAD IN KN

SPECIMEN 1 CONTROL BEAM (KN) STRENGTHNED BEAM (KN)

BEAM 1 78.55 130.24

BEAM 2 82 134.13

AVERAGE 80.275 132.185

Shear strength

DESIGNATION SHEAR STRENGTH IN N/MM(V/BD)

SPECIMEN 1 CONTROL BEAM STRENGTHNED BEAM

BEAM 1 2.27 3.77

BEAM 2 2.37 3.88

AVERAGE 2.32 3.825

Case Studies
Repairing and strengthening of RCC
chimney
Concrete deterioration

Spalling and wide cracks

Repairing by DUROCON 49 and RIPSTAR 155

Wrapping of RIPSTAR C FIBRE 400 GSM for

concrete confinement
Strengthening of beams and columns
to increase aging capacity
Institutional building

Wrapping of RIPSTAR G Fibre 900 GSM over

columns

Application of RIPSTAR Laminate 100 GSM over

beams

Strengthening work was carried out in 2019

Strengthening to rectify defect caused
by omission of steel bars

Commercial complex

RCC flat slab

Steel bars of 12 mm dia were omitted during

construction

Application 100 mm width strips of RIPSTAR C FIBRE

400 GSM
Structural strengthening due to faulty
RCC design.
Structural steel was less than half of its actual
requirement.

Application of RIPSTAR Laminate 50/1.4 on beam

bottom

Application of I sections for shear strengthening

Load Test ?
 Load test

In order to cross check strength achieved by beam after strengthening, load

testing was carried out.

Loading was applied over beam by using sandbags to match magnitudes of floor
finish load, live load and safety factor load.

Deflectometers were attached to mid of beam soffit in order to detect deflection

at every required time interval.

After monitoring the results for 24 hours it was concluded that strengthening
carried out was strong enough to sustain the loading for which it is designed.
Thank You