The General objectives
The study is to identify the determinant factors that affect continued use of soil conservation
measure in sululta , Oromia region .
The specific objectives are
1. To assess farmer’s perception towards soil conservation measures in the study area.
2. To describe traditional and modern soil conservation practices used by study households.
3. To evaluate effectiveness of soil conservation measures in rehabilitating degraded land in the
study area.
4. To examine socio-economic and environmental factors that hinder the implementation of soil
conservation measures in the study area.
5. To identify the determinant factors that affect continued use of soil conservation measure in
the study area.
Appendix 1:
Formal Household Survey Questionnaire SURVEY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF
SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES AMONG THE SUBSISTENCE FARMERS
IN SULULTA , OROMIA REGION.
Part I Identification and Household background
1. Name of the peasant association ____________________________
1.2) Woreda __________________
1.3) Age ______________ and sex___________
1.4) Family size__________________________________ a) Single. b) Married. c) Divorced (separated).
d) Widowed
1.5. Educational status: a) Illiterate b) Read and write only c) Elementary school completed d) High
school completed e) certificate holder f) Diploma Holder g) If above diploma, please
specify______________________
1.6) Religions: a) Muslim b) Orthodox c) protestant d) Catholic e) If others, pleases specify______
1.7) Social position in the Kebele: a) PA executive member. b) Kebele cadre. c) Religious leader. d) Eder
and other social committee member. e) Ordinary member. f) Kebele justice committee. g) Kebele
development committee. h)
Others, please specify ________________________________
Part II: land –use and soil condition
2.1 What are the total sizes of land type under your possession?
Land use types Unit(timed) Hectare
Cultivated land
Fallow land
Grazing land
Forest land
Home stead
Others
2.2. The slope of your farm(s) a) valley_____ b) hill_______ c) moderate____________ d) Valley
bottom______________
2.3. Forms of ownership of your farm a) Private___ b) rented._______.c) share crop___ d)
communal___e) others, specify_____
2.4. the color of the soil on your farm a) balk___b) red____ c) .Brown___ d) grey___
2.5. What is the soil status on your farm? a) Moderately eroded_____ b) severely eroded______ c)
cannot determined_____
2.6. If your farms are less fertile, in your opinion what are the main causes of decline? a) Soil erosion b)
continues cultivation c) mono cultural. d) Over grazing. e) Traditional farming practices f) Specify,
others________________________________
2.7. If you use soil conservation techniques on your farm, identify the techniques used. a) Stone
terracing b) contour ridge c) grass strip d) Maturing e) mulching f) agroforestry
2.8. What is the state of vegetation cover in your Pas for the last 10 years?
a) Stable___b) depleted____ c) cannot determinant____ d) Increased________
2.9 If your response to the above question is depleted, can you rank the main causes? a) Charcoal and
fuel wood consumption______ b) Land use for cultivation________ c) Construction and settlement___d)
Over grazing_____e) Due to the increase of popn no
2.10 What type of agricultural practices is dominant in your area? a) Household subsistence agriculture
c) Commercial and subsistence agriculture b) Commercial agriculture d) Nomadic way of life
Part-IV: Perception of Soil Erosion and Decline Productivity
4.1 Do you think that soil erosion is a problem for your farm plots? a). Yes b) No
4.2 Give rank to the following major causes of soil erosion in your area? a) Deforestation ___b) Over
grazing _______c) Over cultivation ________ d) Poor agricultural practices ____ e) Cultivation of steep
slopes ___f) Excess rainfall _______g) Poor government polices ________ h) others (specify) ______
4.3. Do you use soil conservation techniques on your farm? a) Yes b) No c) Some times
4.4. What are the conditions of soil fertility on your farm? a) Fertile b) infertile c) average d) unable to
decide
4.5. Do you perceive any change on the status of soil fertility on your farm for the last ten years? a) Yes
b) No c) unable to determinant
4.6. How do you know that your farmland is degraded? a) By decline of agricultural productivity c) Size
and color of seedlings/crops b) Devoid of vegetation cover d) Change in soil color
4.7. If the productivity of your land is declining, what is the reason? 1. Frequent cultivation of land
without fallowing 3. Unreliable rainfall 2. High price of fertilizer 4. Mass wash 5. Other specify _____
4.8. What is the cause for the decline in soil fertility on your farm? a) Frequent cultivation of land
without fallowing b) high price of fertilizer c) unreliable rainfall d) other specify
________________________________________________ Farmers‟ perceptions of soil erosion in the
study area Perception on erosion Proportion of total respondents (%) Whether soil erosion was
perceived as a problem in own farm Yes _______________________No
___________________________ Severity of the problem, if yes to the above question Severe
__________________________ Medium ___________________ Moderate
____________________________ Observed change in soil erosion severity over the past 5 years Has
become more severe ---------------------------Has become less severe _________ No
change____________________________________ Extent of impact of soil erosion on farm production
Severe _________________Moderate __________________ Has no effect
_____________________________________ Believing that soil erosion can be controlled Yes
__________________No ___________________
Part-V: Soil Conservation
5.1. Do you use soil conservation techniques on your farm? a) Yes b) No c) un able to decide
5.2. If your answer for question ‟4.1. Is „Yes‟, have you been practicing soil conservation? a) Yes b) No,
c) .un able to decide
5.3. If your answer for question ‟5.1. Is „No‟, what is the reason behind? ____________
5.4. If your answer for question „5.2‟ is „Yes‟, what kinds of soil conservation methods do you apply?
(More than one answer is allowed)
No Item x
1 Less effective
2 Effective
3 More effective
4 Do not know
