5.

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Flower Functions of Root
Angiosperms show a large diversity in
H2O & minerals absorption from soil (absorptive in function).

Shoot system
morphology. Possibly the variation in Fruit
different parts are due to the adaptation Stem
Leaf Anchorage to the plant (fixative in function).
to various habitats.
A plant has root system & shoot system.Node Storage of reserve food materials. e.g. Carrot, Radish.
Internode
Bud
The Root Synthesis of plant growth regulators (Hormones).

Root system
Descending/underground part of plant axis. 1° root Root hair
Region of the Root
Primary root: direct elongation of radicle 2° root (Unicellular)
which grows inside the soil. Region of maturation
· Position -Above elongation zone.
Primary root bears several lateral roots · Cells - Differentiated and mature.
termed as 2° roots, tertiary roots etc. · Epidermal cells form delicate root hair.
· Root hair - Absorb water & minerals
Types of Roots from soil.
Tap Primary root and its branches. Region of elongation
root e.g. all dicot roots like mango, tomato etc. · Position – Above meristematic zone.
· Cells undergo rapid elongation & enlargement.
1° root is short-lived & replaced by large · These cells are responsible for growth of root.
Fibrous no. of roots arising from the base of stem.
Region of meristematic activity
root e.g. many monocot roots like wheat, rice etc. · Position - On root cap Root cap
· Cells-small, thin-walled, with dense · Thimble-like
Adventit- Root arising from some part of plant other than radicle.
protoplasm. · Covers the root at apex.
ious root e.g. roots of grasses, banyan tree, Monstera. · Cells divide repeatedly. · Protects root apex.

Modifications of Root Support

Roots of some plants Modify their structure, shape For functions such as Respiration
Fusiform: Storage
Shape: Spindle like. e.g. Radish
Conical: Carrot
Storage roots Shape: Cone like. e.g. carrot.
Radish

Napiform:
Shape: Top like. e.g. Turnip, Beet. Beet
Modified
Tap roots
· Plants grow in swampy areas.
· Many roots come out of ground &
Respiratory roots grow vertically upwards.
· Function - Pneumatophore has lenticels Pneumatophore
(Pneumatophores)
(Pores) for gaseous exchange.
· e.g. -Rhizophora.

Fasiculated : e.g. Asparagus.

Storage roots
Tuberous : e.g. Sweet potato.
Asparagus Sweet Potato
Modified
Adventitious Prop roots : e.g. Ficus benghalensis
Prop roots in
roots (Banyan tree).
Banyan tree
Hanging roots
Supportive roots
Stilt roots : Sugarcane, Maize.
Stilt roots in
Sugarcane
Come out from lower nodes of stem.
 The Stem 5 Stems may help in spread & vegetative propagation
Ascending part of the plant. Grass
A Underground Stem Strawberry
Arises from plumule.
Negatively geotropic in direction of growth. Spreads to new niches

Bears nodes, internodes, leaves, buds & flowers. &

Stem
Stem hairs - multicellular. When old parts die, new
Roots arising
plants is formed Oxalis sp. from nodes
Branches come out exogenously from the stem.
B Slender, Lateral branch
Usually green in colour when young, but
later it becomes woody & dark-coloured.
Arises from the base of main axis Stolon
Conduction of water & minerals from roots and
food from leaves. This branch grows aerially for sometimes

Stolon
Spreading out of branches to bear leaves, fruits,
and flowers. Then this branch becomes arch,
Functions goes downwards to touch ground
of Stem Storage of food e.g. potato. Root
and gives rise new plant.
Protection and support to the plant.
Seen in Mint and Jasmine
Used in vegetative propagation (by stem cutting).
A rosette
Modifications of stem C Lateral
branch
Has short internodes
11 Underground Modification of stems of leaves
Each node bears
Offset

Offset
A tuft
Potato Ginger Colocasia Turmeric Zaminkand E.g: Pistia, Eicchornia of roots

Aquatic plants
Modified Ginger
Purposes
· Food storage C Lateral branch
· Tolerate adverse condition To store
(Perennation). Arises from basal & underground
· Vegetative reproduction. part of main stem
Food
Zaminkand Potato

Developed from Axillary bud This branch grows horizontally

for sometimes beneath the soil
Sucker

2 Stem tendrils Are slender spirally coiled

Climbing in function Then this branch comes out
Example Sucker
obliquely & gives raise new plant.

Gourds Grapevines Seen in Banana, Pineapple

Cucumber and Chrysanthemum
Pumpkin, Axillary bud
Watermelon modified The Leaf
into tendril (Kitchen of plant or food factory)
3 Thorns Developed from Axillary bud Lateral outgrowth of the stem.
Axillary bud
modified Woody, Straight, Pointed Generally flattened.
into thorn.
Function - protection from brows-
Arranged in an acropetal order.
ing animal
Bougainvillea Citrus Borne on stem in the region of a node.
Flattened stem Shoot
Bears axillary buds. Apical
Phylloclade e.g. Opuntia (In Arid Region) meristem
4
Most important vegetative organ for Youngest Young
developing
Fleshy cylindrical stem photosynthetic. developing
leaf
Has chlorophyll leaf
for Photosynthesis e.g. Euphorbia (In Arid Region) Originate from shoot apical meristem.
 Petiole Stipule Arrangement of leaves
Leaf base Mid rib
on stem or branch
Phyllotaxy
Parts of Vein
Petiole
a leaf Blade Single leaf arises at each node.
Lamina / Leaf blade Leaf Axillary Leaves are alternate to each other.
Tip base bud Alternate
Phyllotaxy e.g. China rose, mustard, sunflower.
Leaf It attaches leaf with the stem.
base May bear two stipules (lateral, small leaf-like str.) Code : All Sun Must in China

In monocots, leaf base expands into a sheath cov- Two leaves at each node.
Lamina
ering stem partially or wholly.
Sheath Opposite Opposite to each other.
Pulvinus – Swollen leaf base. e.g. In some legu- Phyllotaxy
Stem minous plants (Mimosa / lajvanti / touch-me-not). e.g. Guava, Calotropis.
Code : Gora Cala = Opposite
Holds the leaf blade to light.
Petiole More than 2 leaves from each node.
Allows leaves to flutter & bringing fresh air to
leaf surface, thus making leaf cool. Whorled
e.g. Alstonia.
Phyllotaxy
Green expanded part with midrib & veins Code : Whole Australia
Veins provide rigidity to leaf. Helps in transport Leaf
Lamina of water, minerals and food. Leaf Tendrils Tendril
for climbing
Mid rib + Vein + Veinlet have xylem and phloem. e.g. peas
Venation
Arrangement of veins and Leaves modified
Leaf spines into spines
veinlets on lamina of leaf
for defense
e.g. cacti.

Reticulate Venation Parallel Venation

Fleshy leaves
Veinlets form a network. Veinlets parallel to each other. store food in
Generally monocots like onion & garlic. Fleshy
Generally dicots like mango. rice, wheat, sugarcane, etc. Modifications leaves
of Leaves
Types of Leaves Lamina (To perform fun- Phyllode
ctions other than e.g. Australian acacia.
Simple Leaf photosynthesis) Leaves-small &
Lamina is entire, or when incised, Midrib short-lived.
incisions do not touch midrib. Petioles expand,
become green &
A bud is present in axil of petiole. Axillary synthesise food .
bud Phyllode
Compound Leaf Pitcher
· Incisions reach midrib & break Leaves modify into
Lid
it into no. of leaflets pitcher to trap insect.
· A bud is present in axile of rachis e.g. venus-flytrap,
or petiole. Bud is not present in pitcher plant (Nepenthes)
axil of leaflets. Photosynthetic, trap Pitcher
Carpels (G) body
insect for nitrogen.
Stamen (A) Arrangement of flowers on floral axis
Pinnately compound leaf Palmately compound leaf Petal (C)
Leaflets are borne laterally Leaflets are attached at a Sepal (K) The Inorescence
on a common axis (rachis). common point. like a palm at L.S. Reproductive Apex · Flower is a modified shoot.
midrib e.g. neem). tip of petiole. e.g. silk cotton. Apical meristem changes into a floral meristem.
Leaflet Internodes do not elongate & axis gets condensed.
During
owering Different floral appendages are produced laterally
at nodes in place of leaves.
Axillary Rachis Shoot tip is modified into solitary flower.
bud
 Two major types of Inflorescence

Racemose Cymose
· Main axis continues to grow. · Main axis terminates into a flower (limited growth).
· Flowers borne laterally in acropetal succession. · Flowers borne in basipetal succession.

Flower (Reproductive Unit of Angiosperms)

Androecium
Parts of Flower
Gynoecium
Corolla
Accessory Organs Reproductive Organs
Calyx
Pedicel

Calyx Corolla Androecium Gynoecium

* Members called sepals. * Members called petals. (Male) (Female)
* Generally green in colour. * Shape & color vary greatly in plants.
* Protects floral parts in bud stage. * Non green, brightly coloured. Petal
*Attract insects for pollination.

Gamosepalous Polysepalous Gamopetalous Polypetalous Calyx Corolla Androecium Gynoecium

(Sepals united) (Separate Sepals) (Petals united) (Petals separate)

It is swollen end of stalk or pedicel They are reduced leaf found at pedicel base.
Thalamus (a) Ebracteate Flower – Without bracts.
on which four different kinds of whorls Bracts
or receptacle Bract
are arranged successively. (b) Bracteate Flower – With bracts.

This term given when calyx and corolla are not differentiated. Its unit is tepal. e.g. Lily
Perianth

Flower can be divided into two equal Flower can be divided into two similar Non-divisible into 2 equal
halves in any plane passing through centre halves only in one particular vertical plane halves by any plane.
e.g Chilli, Mustard, Datura e.g. Pea, Bean, Cassia, Gulmohur e.g. Canna

Actinomoriphic (Radial Symmetry) Zygomorphic (Bilateral Symmetry) Asymmetric

a Symmetry Trimerous - Floral appendages

Flower either have are multiples of 3
androecium or carpels Unisexual Types Types Floral appendages
The Flower Tetramerous- are multiple of 4
Flower have both b c
stamens and carplts Bisexual Floral appendages
d Types Pentamerous - are multiple of 5

Hypogynous Perigynous Epigynous

· Gynoecium occupies highest position, · Gynoecium situated in centre, other · Margin of thalamus grows upward
other parts are situated below it. parts located at the rim of thalamus enclosing ovary completely & get
· Superior ovary Eg. BMC China rose · Ovary half inferior fused with it, other parts arise
Eg. 2PR Rose above ovary.
Mustard Brinjal · Ovary inferior. Eg. Guava, Cucumber
Plum Peach & ray florets of sunflower
 Monadelphy
Aestivation All stamen in one bundle.
TYPES
[ orArrangement of sepals
petals in floral buds.[ e.g. Chinarose A(a)
[Code : Mono China]
Sepals or petals in a whorl just Diadelphy
touch one another at margin. All stamen in two bundle.
Adelphy e.g. pulse A (9) +1
1 Valvate No overlapping,
[Code : Do Matar]
e.g. Calotropis.
Polyadelphy
Code : CV raman All stamen in many bundle.
One margin of sepals or
e.g. Citrus
petals overlaps next one. [Code : Many City]
e.g. China rose, Lady’s A P Epiphyllous
2 Twisted finger & Cotton. Stamens fuse with perianth e.g. Lily
Adhesion
Code : China Lady has A C Epipetalous
Twin Children Stamens fuse with petal e.g. Solanaceae
Margins of sepals or petals ove- Equal Didynamous
rlap one another but not in any Polyandrous (2 long & 2 short)
particular direction. (Free stamens) e.g. Tulsi, Salvia
3 Imbricate Unequal
e.g. Cassia and gulmohur Tetradynamous
Female reproductive (4 long and 2 short)
Code : Gulshan Case is fabriCated e.g. Radish, Mustard
part of flower
There are five petals. Gynoecium
e.g. Pulse family / Fabaceae, like pea & Made up of one or
Vexillary
4 (Papilionaceous)
bean flowers. more carpels / pistils. Made up of
Standard or vexillum (Largest) Posterior
Wings Compound Carpels
Anther lobes Lateral or alae (More than one carpels) Stigma
Keel or carina Usually at tip of style.
Connective Anterior Receptive surface for
(smallest) Placenta
Apocarpous Syncarpous pollen grains.
Androecium (Free carpels) (Fused carpels)
Filament e.g. Rose, e.g. Mustard, Style
Composed of stamens. Butter cup, Connects stigma to ov-
Figure Lotus, Michelia Tomato ary. Elongated tube.
Stamen- Male reproductive organs of a flower.
Stamen
Each stamen has filament (thread-like stalk) Ovary
Str. of and terminal anther (knob-like). Enlarged basal part .
Stamen It bears one or more Ovules
An anther has two lobes attached by a sterile ovules attached to
cushion-like placenta.
band (connective).
Anther is bithecous in most cases. Placentation
Each anther lobe has 2 pollen sacs or pollen Arrangement of placentas or ovules within an ovary.
chambers or microsporangia. So anther is
Microsporangium tetramicrosporangiate. 1 Placenta on margin
with Microspores
Pollen sacs contain microspores or pollen Marginal Placenta forms a ridge along ventral suture of ovary.
Figure T. S. of grains.
anther Placentation
Ovules are borne on this ridge forming 2 rows.
Staminode - It is sterile stamen.
e.g. Pulses like pea. Code : MP
Cohesion Adelphy - Only filaments united
(Stamens unit Ovules develop on inner wall of ovary or on
Syngenesious United Parietal
themselves) anthers peripheral part.
Only anther united Placentation
Union of Free
e.g. sunflower filaments Ovary is 1-chambered but it becomes 2-chambered
Stamen due to formation of false septum.
Synandrous United
Adhesion anthers
Total stamens united e.g. Mustard, Argemone.
(Union of stamen e.g. cucurbita United
with other whorls) filaments Code : Pari Are Must
 2 Placenta on axis The Seed
After fertilization
Axile Placenta is axial. Ovules are attached to it Ovules Develop into Seeds
Placentation in a multilocular ovary. Consist of
Seeds Seed coat + Embryo
No. of carpel = no. of chamber in ovary Consist of
Embryo Embroynal axis + Cotyledon
e.g. China rose, tomato & lemon. 1 in Monocot seeds like wheat, maize.
Code:Are China Landing Tomorrow Cotyledon
2 in Dicot seeds like gram, pea.
Cotyledon
3 Placenta at base Seed coat Plumule
Placenta develops at base of ovary. Structure of a Dic-
Basal
Placentation otyledonous Seed Hilum
Single ovule is attached to it. Micropyle
Radicle
e.g. Sunflower, Marigold. Outer covering of a seed.
Code : Bas Sun Marigold Seed coat Testa (outer)
Free Central Many ovules are borne on central axis. Bilayered
Tegmen (inner)
Placentation
Septa absent. Scar on seed coat where devel-
e.g. Dianthus, Primrose. Hilum oping seed was attached to the
Code : Free Dial Prime number fruit by stalk (funicle).
Small pore above hilum, for
Carpel is only one Marginal Micropyle entry of water & oxygen dur-
Carpels many All except marginal ing seeds germination.

Ovary one chambered All except axile Radicle present

Embryo- at one end
Most common placentation Axile nal axis
Plumule at other
Embryo consists of end.
Ovule only one Basal
Two cotyledons (Often fleshy
Code For China Rose: Mona China Ke Hyaat Hotel Mein Hai and full of food reserves).
Mona China Hy a a t Non-endospermous seed Mature seeds without endosp-
Monade- Hibiscus Hypog- Actinom- Alternate Twisted or exalbuminous seed. erm. e.g. pea, bean, gram.
lphous rosa sinensis ynous orphous leaf aestivation
In some seeds, e.g Castor endo-
Endospermous seed sperm formed by double fertil-
The Fruit or albuminous seed. ization. Endosperm stores food.
Consist of Fruit Characteristic feature of flowering
plants. Structure of a Monoctyledonous Seed
Seeds Pericarp
Endosperm Seed coat &
May be dry It is matured ovary developed after fruit-wall
or fleshy fertilization.
Divided into Endosperm
Epicarp Parthenocarpic fruits or Seedless
Mesocarp fruit are formed without fertiliza- Coleoptile
tion of ovary e.g. Banana.
Endocarp scutellum Plumule
Embryo
Radicle
Mango Situated in a groove
Epicarp at end of endosperm. Coleorhiza
Mesocarp Type of fruit - drupe Fig: Maize grain
Mesocarp Seed
is edible. Endocarp Developed from mon- Membranous and fused to the fruit wall.
ocarpellary superior Seed coat
ovaries. e.g. seeds of cereals (maize)
Coconut · Mesocarp is fibrous.
· Endosperm is edible. Endospermous
One seeded fruit. Most of the monocot seeds
Mesocarp or Albuminous
Endocarp Endocarp is stony.
Seed Non-endospermous seed E.g orchids
Endosperm or exalbuminous seed.
 Structure of a Monoctyledonous Seed (contd.) Floral
Diagrams Number of parts of a flower
Endosperm Bulky and stores food.
Arrangement of the parts of a flower with
Proteinous outer layer of endosperm Inform respect to each other
Aleurone layer
Separates embryo from endosperm. Relation of parts of a flower with each other.

1 Scutellum (shield shaped cotyledon). Position of mother axis with respect to flower
(represented by a dot on top of floral diagram)
2 Radicle present at one
Embryo end, enclosed in a sheath K, C, A & G are drawn in successive whorls.
Embryonal
Consists of (coleorhiza)
axis (Short)
Plumule at other end, Cohesion & adhesion.
enclosed in a sheath
(coleoptile) Information not given by Floral Diagram : Position of Ovary.

Brassicaceae or Cruciferae or Mustard Family

Semi-Technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant Superior, bicarpellary;
Parietal placentation,
FLORAL FORMULAE Replum or false septum

Tetradynamous
[filaps]
Mother axis
Br Bracteate f = four
K Calyx i = inner (+2 outer short)
C Corolla l = long
a = antipetalous
P Perianth
s = stamens
A Androecium
G Gynoecium Description of Some Important Families
G Superior ovary Fabaceae It is sub family
Old name-Papilionoideae of Leguminosae.
G Inferior ovary
Male Root Root nodules.

+ Female Inflorescence Racemose

+
Bisexual Fruit Legume; seed: 1 to many, non-endospermic.
Actinomorphic
% or Zygomrphic
Kn Polysepalous
K(n) Gamosepalous Flowering twig Flower Petals Androecium Carpel
Cn Polypetalous K Sepals 5, gamosepalous;
C(n) Gamopetalous imbricate / Valvate aestivation.
Gn Apocarpus
G(n) Syncarpous
An Polyandrous G
ovary unilocular A
A(n) Cohesion with 1 to many
10, diadelphous,
ovules. Marginal anther dithecous.
K A Episepalous
placenta.
C A Epipetalous
Figure:
PA Epiphyllous or Epitepalous Floral Diagram of Fabaceae
C
Information not given by Floral Formula : Placenta, Petals 5, polypetalous, paplionaceous,
aestivation, All types of cohesion. consisting of a posterior standard, 2
lateral wings, 2 anterior ones forming
a keel (enclosing stamens and pistil).
Vexillary aestivation.
 Floral Formula of Fabaceae
Floral Formula: K(5) C(5) A5 G(2) Code - 555
% ⚥ K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1 +
= Flower is actinomorphic.
% = Flower is zygomorphic.
⚥ = Bisexual flower. + = Bisexual flower.
K(5) = Sepals - 5 & bracket indicates gamoseplous condition. K(5) = Sepals- 5 & bracket shows gamosepalous condition.
C1+2+(2) = Number of petals are 5, only 2 petals are fused. C(5) = Number of petals are 5, gamopetalous condition.
A(9)+1 = Number of stamen is 10, diadelphous. C(5) A5 = A5 shows that stamens-5, upper line shows epipetaly.
G1 = Monocarpellary, underline indicates ovary is superior G(2) = Bicarpellary, underline shows ovary is superior & so
& so flower is hypogynous.
flower is hypogynous, (---) shows G is syncarpous.
gram, arhar, sem,
moong, soyabean. Vegetables (tomato, brinjal, potato).
(i) Sources of Pulses e.g Garden pea Economic
Economic importance Spice (Chilli).
(ii) Edible Oil (soyabean, groundnut).
importance Medicine
(iii) Dye (Indigofera).
● Atropa belladonna produces atropine.
(iv) Fibres (Sunhemp). ● Withania (Ashwagandha)-Use as nerve tonic.

(v) Fodder (Sesbania, Trifolium). Fumigatory (Tobacco).

(vi) Ornamentals (Lupin, sweet pea). Ornamentals (Petunia).
(vii) Medicine (Muliathi). CODE: Bella Ashwa Pe Tobacco + Vegetables lene Chali
Fabaceae Bella Ashwa Pe Tobacco+Vegetables Chali
[Code : In February Try Mulaithi + Pulse with Sweety & Belladonna Ashwagandha Petunia Tobacco Vegetables Chilli
See Sunrise In Lupin garden]
Liliaceae [Lily family] Monocotyled-
Code : MP ka FOOD Fibre hota hai onous family
M P F O O D Perennial herbs with underground bulbs or
Medicine Pulses Fodder Oil Ornamentals Dye Plant body
corms or rhizomes.
Solanaceae Potato family
Leaves With parallel venation.
Plant body Mostly herbs, shrubs & rarely small trees.
Inflorescence Solitary / cymose; often umbellate clusters
Inflorescence Solitary, axillary or cymose in Solanum.
Fruits Capsule, rarely berry
Fruits Berry or capsule. Seeds many, endospermous.
Seeds Endospermous

Plant
Flowering twig Flower L.S. of flower Stamens Carpel Inflorescence Flower
K P Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, often
Sepals 5, gamosepalous;
gamophyllous, valvate aestivation
Valvate aestivation.
4
3 G
C 1 Tricarpellary, ovary _ Trilo-
Petals 5, gamo-
2
cular with many ovules,
petalous, valvate 5 A axile placentation
aestivation. 3 4 5, anther dithecous.
A C
= Epipetalous.
6 5 A
Stamens 6, in 2 whorls of
Figure:
Floral Diagram of Solanaceae 2 3 each, often attached to tepals
G
Bicarpellary, ovary - oblique + bilocular, placenta (epitepalous), anthers dithecous
swollen with many ovules, axile placenta. Figure: Floral Diagram of Liliaceae
 Floral Formula - Br P(3+3) A3+3 G(3) Ornamentals (Tulip, Gloriosa).
+
Code:3 Idiots (PAGaLi)
Br = Bracteate. Source of medicine (Aloe).
Economic
= Flower is actinomorphic. importance
Vegetables (Asparagus).
+
= Bisexual flower.
P(3+3) = 6 tepals in 2 whorls, (---) shows gamophylous. Colchicine (Colchicum autumnale).
A(3+3) = 6 Stamens in 2 whorls.
CODE: Aaspas Akela Glorious + Talented Coaching hai
P A = Epiphyllous / Epitepalous.
G(3) = Tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, so flower Aaspas Akela Glorious + Talented Coaching
is hypogynous. Asparagus Aloe Gloriosa Tulip Colchicum

1. Stilt roots are found in. [NCERT Pg. 67] 11. In lady’s finger, corolla shows [NCERT Pg. 74]
(i) Sugarcane (ii) Rhizophora (i) Valvate aestivation
(iii) Banyan (iv) Turnip. (ii) Vexillary aestivation
2. Thorns are [NCERT Pg. 68] (iii) Twisted aestivation
(a) Modified axillary buds (iv) Imbricate aestivation
(b) Found in Opuntia 12. Select the wrong match [NCERT Pg. 75]
(c) Modification of stem to protect plants from (i) Diadelphous stamens - Pea
browsing animals (ii) Epiphyllous stamens - Lily
(i) a and b only (ii) b and c only (iii) Polyadelphous stamens - China rose
(iii) a and c only (iv) All a, b and c (iv) Epipetalous stamens - Brinjal
3. Which of the following is not true for Pistia and 13. In lotus NCERT Pg. 75]
Eichhornia. [NCERT Pg. 69] a. Gynoecium has single carpel.
(i) Stem has short internodes. b. Gynoecium is apocarpous.
(ii) Rosette of leaves are found on nodes c. Carpels are numerous and united.
(iii) Stem modifies to store food (i) Only a is true
(iv) Each node bear tuft of roots (ii) Both b and c are true
4. Inferior ovary is seen in all of the following plants, (iii) Only b is true
except [NCERT Pg. 73] (iv) Both a and c are true
(i) Guava (ii) Cucumber 14. In maize seed, aleurone layer. [NCERT Pg. 77]
(iii) Ray florests of sunflower (iv) Brinjal (i) Is proteinous
5. Epidermal cells of which region of root form root hairs? (ii) Is diploid tissue
[NCERT Pg. 67] (iii) Is outer covering of seed coat
(i) Root cap (ii) Maturation zone (iv) Represents its single cotyledon
(iii) Elongation zone (iv) Meristematic 15. Drupe fruits [NCERT Pg. 76]
6. Which of the given option has pair of plants in which (i) Are dry fruits
stem is modified to store food? [NCERT Pg. 68]
(ii) Develop from monocarpellary inferior ovary
(i) Potato, turnip (ii) Zaminkand, turmeric
(iii) Have well differentiated pericarp
(iii) Sweet potato, Colocasia (iv) Ginger, carrot
(iv) Develop without fertilisation
7. In some leguminous plants leaf base is [NCERT Pg. 70]
16. In floral formula of fabaceae family the androecium is
(i) Called pulvinus represented correctly as [NCERT Pg. 79]
(ii) Sheath like, covering stem partially or completely
(i) A (10) (ii) A 9 + 1
(iii) Modified to spine
(iv) Both (1) and (3) (iii) A 8 + 2 (iv) A (9) + 1
8. Palmately compound leaves are found in[NCERT Pg. 71] 17. Select the incorrect match [NCERT Pg. 79]
(i) Alstonia (ii) Guava (i) Fabaceae - Muliathi
(iii) Silk cotton (iv) Neem (ii) Solanaceae - Belladonna
9. In some flowers like lily [NCERT Pg. 72] (iii) Liliaceae - Aloe
(i) Calyx and corolla are present (iv) Brassicaceae - Indigofera
(ii) Perianth is the outermost floral whorl 18. Ornamental plant of solanaceae family is
(iii) Accessory organs are absent [NCERT Pg. 80]
(iv) Corolla are fused with stamens (i) Lupin (ii) Petunia
10. Flowers are asymmetric in [NCERT Pg. 72] (iii) Tulip (iv) Gloriosa
(i) Cassia (ii) Bean
(iii) Datura (iv) Canna