INGM413 FLUID MACHINES
TUTORIAL 3
Student:
Mr. Gontse Sempa
Student number: 37218050
Lecturer:
Prof. L.J. Grobler
Submitted in pursuit of the degree.
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
North-West University
Potchefstroom Campus
Question 1
Provided quantities:
• Static head, 𝐻𝑠 = 40 𝑚
• Total length of the pipe, 𝐿 = 1400 𝑚
• Friction factor, 𝑓 = 0.005
• Diameter, 𝐷 = 204 𝑚𝑚
• Water density, 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
a) Rate of flow, 𝑸 :
Head loss due to pipe friction,
4𝑓𝑙𝑣 2
ℎ𝑓 =
2𝑔𝐷
𝑄
𝑣=
𝐴
4𝑓𝑙 4 2 2 32𝑓𝑙
∴ ℎ𝑓 = ( ) ( 2 ) 𝑄 = ( 2 5) 𝑄2
2𝑔𝐷 𝜋𝐷 𝑔𝜋 𝐷
32 × 0.005 × 1400 2
ℎ𝑓 = ( )𝑄
9.81 × 𝜋 2 × 0.2045
ℎ𝑓 = 6548.2979𝑄 2 [𝑚]
Therefore, system resistance is given as,
𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐾𝑄 2
𝐻 = 40 + 6548.2979𝑄 2 [𝑚]
Characteristics of the pump,
𝑸 [𝒎𝟑 /𝒉] 0 46 92 138 184 230
𝑯 [𝒎] 68 64 54 45 26.4 8
𝜼 [%] 0 49.5 61 63.5 53 10
Using the system resistance formula,
𝑸 [𝒎𝟑 /𝒉] 0 46 92 138 184 230
𝑯 [𝒎] 40 41.07 44.28 49.62 57.11 66.73
The pump and system characteristics curve,
Pump & System Characteristics
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
Efficiency [%]
Head [m]
40 40 Pump Characteristics
Efficiency
30 30
System Resistance
20 20
10 10
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Volume flow rate, Q [m^3/h]
The operating point is at the intersection point between the pump characteristics curve
and system resistance curve. Therefore,
𝑄 = 138 [𝑚3 /ℎ]
𝐻 = 49.622 [𝑚]
b) Power required to drive the pump:
Efficiency at the operating point is, 𝜂 = 63.50%.
𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 =
𝜂
1000 × 9.81 × 138 × 49.622
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 =
3600 × 0.635
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 29386.383 𝑊 = 29.386 𝑘𝑊
Question 2
Provided quantities:
• Dimensionless specific speed, 𝑁 = 0.3 𝑟𝑎𝑑
• Vertical distance, 𝐻𝑠 = 65 𝑚
• Flow rate, 𝑄 = 0.007 𝑚3 /𝑠
• Suction and delivery pipe diameter, 𝐷 = 65 𝑚𝑚
• Combined length, 𝐿 = 90 𝑚
• Friction factor, 𝑓 = 0.0008
𝑣2
• Total secondary losses, 4.4 × 2𝑔
• Backward facing blades
• Outlet angle, 𝛽2 = 30°
• Width at inlet, 𝑏 = 40 𝑚𝑚
• Width at outlet, 𝑏 = 25 𝑚𝑚
• Number of blades, 𝑍 = 8
• Blade thickness, 𝑡 = 6 𝑚𝑚
a) Diameter of the pump impeller:
𝜂𝐻 = 88%
Velocity in the pipe,
𝑄
𝑣=
𝐴
0.007 × 4
𝑣=
𝜋 × 0.0652
𝑣 = 2.110 [𝑚/𝑠]
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
4𝑓𝑙𝑣 2 4.4𝑣 2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = +
2𝑔𝐷 2𝑔
4 × 0.0008 × 90 2.1102
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = ( + 4.4) ( )
0.065 2 × 9.81
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 2.003 𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 65 𝑚 + 2.003 𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 67.003 𝑚
Speed of the pump,
𝑁𝑄1/2
𝑁𝑠 =
(𝑔𝐻)3/4
(0.0477)(9.81 × 67.003)3/4
𝑁=
(0.007)1/2
𝑁 = 74.082 [𝑟𝑒𝑣/𝑠]
Flow area perpendicular to the impeller outlet periphery,
=𝜋×𝐷×𝑏
= 𝜋 × 𝐷 × 0.025
𝜋𝐷
= [𝑚2 ]
40
𝑄
𝐶𝑟2 =
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
0.007
𝐶𝑟2 =
𝜋𝐷
40
0.007 × 40
𝐶𝑟2 = [𝑚/𝑠]
𝜋𝐷
𝑈2 = 𝑁𝜋𝐷
𝑈2 = 74.082𝜋𝐷 [𝑚/𝑠]
Then, hydraulic efficiency is,
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
𝜂𝐻 =
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
𝐻
𝜂𝐻 =
𝐸
OR
𝑔𝐻
𝐶𝑥 2 =
𝑈2 𝜂
9.81 × 67.003
𝐶𝑥 2 =
74.082𝜋𝐷 × 0.88
10.082
𝐶𝑥 2 = [𝑚/𝑠]
𝐷
The outlet velocity triangle gives,
𝐶𝑟2
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° =
𝐶𝑥 2 − 𝑈2
0.0891/𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° =
10.082/𝐷 − 74.082𝜋𝐷
0.0891 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° = ×
𝐷 10.082
𝐷 − 74.082𝜋𝐷
0.0891
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° =
10.082 − 74.082𝜋𝐷2
10.082𝑡𝑎𝑛150° − 74.082𝜋𝐷2 𝑡𝑎𝑛150° = 0.0891
∴ 𝐷 = 0.210 𝑚
c) Slip factor:
Using Stodola slip factor,
𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽2
𝜎𝑠 = 1 −
𝐶𝑟
𝑍[1 − ( 𝑈 2 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽2 ]
2
𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
𝜎𝑠 = 1 −
(0.0891/0.210)
8[1 − (74.082𝜋 × 0.210) 𝑐𝑜𝑡30° ]
∴ 𝜎𝑠 = 0.801
