CLASS: XI PREPARED BY
SUBJECT:MATHEMATICS SAMA KALYAN BABU,PGT(MATHS)
CHAPTER: PERMUTATIONS AECS, MYSORE
ANDCOMBINATIONS , MODULE-2
In this module we are going to learn about:
PERMUTATIONS
Permutation of n different objects
Factorial notation :
The number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a
time
The number of permutations of n objects ,where p objects are of the
same kind and rest are all different
The number of permutations of n objects ,where 𝑃1 objects are of one
kind ,𝑃2 objects are of the second kind,… ,…..𝑃𝑘 are of k th kind
Lets take an example ,
If all the letters of the word ‘ROSE’ are to be arranged, then the
number of possibilities is 4x3x2x1 = 24
For the same word ‘ROSE’ ,if only two letters of it are to be
arranged ,then the number of possibilities is 4x3 =12
Thus ,
A Permutation is an arrangement in a definite order of a number
of objects taken some or all at a time
Permutation of n different objects The number of permutations of n
different objects taken r at a time when 0< 𝑟 ≤ 𝑛 and the objects do not
repeat can be obtained by fundamental principle of counting as
n(n-1)(n-2)……(n-r+1) , which is denoted by 𝑛𝑃𝑟
Factorial notation :
The notation n! represents the product of first n natural
numbers ,i.e., the product
1x2x3x….x(n-1)xn = n! and 0! defined as 1 .
𝑛!
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑝𝑟 =
𝑛 − 𝑟)!
Examples: (i) 5! = 5x4x3x2x1=120
(ii)7!= 7x6x5x4x3x2x1= 5040
12! 12 .11.10.9.8.7.6.5!
(iii) =
5! 5!
= 12.11.10.9.8.7.6 = 3991680
(iv) 6! – 5! = 600
1 1 𝑥
(v) If + = ,find x.
8! 9! 10!
1 1 𝑥
We have + =
8! 9𝑋8! 10.9.8!
1 𝑥 10 𝑥
Therefore , 1+ = or =
9 10𝑋9 9 10𝑋9
So, x = 100.
1 1 𝑥
(vi) If + = ,find x
6! 7! 8!
1 1 𝑥
We have + =
6! 7𝑋6! .8!
1 1 𝑥
(1+ ) = ,
6! 7 8𝑋7𝑋6!
1 8 𝑥
x = ,Hence x = 64
6! 7 8𝑋7𝑋6!
Find the number of different four-digit numbers that can
be formed with the digits 2,3,4,7 and using each digit
only once is ?
The required number of ways= 4𝑝4 = 4! = 24
• The number of 3 letter words which can be formed by
the letters of the word ‘NUMBER’ if repetitions are not
allowed is 6𝑝3 = 120.
• The number of permutations of n different objects
taken r at a time ,where repetitions is allowed ,is
𝑛𝑟 .
• Examples:
The number of 3 letter words which can be formed
by the letters of the word ‘NUMBER’ if repetitions are
3
allowed is 6 .
• Find the number of possible outcomes when a coin is
tossed 6 times is?
Ans:
When a coin is tossed 6 times ,then the total number
of possibilities is 26 = 64
The number of permutations of n objects ,where p objects
𝑛!
are of the same kind and rest are all different =
𝑝!
Examples:
How many words with or with out meaning can be formed
from the word ‘HELLO’?
Ans: Total number of letters in the word is 5
out of which the letter L repeats twice
5!
Hence total number of words possible is = 60
2!
The number of permutations of n objects ,where 𝑃1 objects are of
one kind ,𝑃2 objects are of the second kind,… ,…..𝑃𝑘 are of k th
𝑛!
kind and the rest ,if any ,are of different kind is
𝑝1 !𝑝2 ! 𝑝3 !…. 𝑝𝑘 !
Example :
There are 4 identical apples and 5 identical bananas.
In how many ways can you arrange all of the fruits in a
row?
Ans: Total number of fruits is 9 ,out of which 4 of one kind and 5
are of second kind
9!
Hence total number of permutations is
4!.5!
Practice questions:
11!
1. Find the value of (i) (ii) 6𝑃3 − 5𝑃2
10!
2. How many 3-digit numbers can be formed
using the digits 1 to 9 if no digit is repeated?
3. Find the number of 4-digit numbers that can
be formed using the digits 1, 2,3,4,5 if no
digit is repeated.How many of these will be
even?
4. Find the number of 5-digit telephone numbers having
at least one of the two digits repeated is ?
5.Find the total number of 9-digit numbers which have all
different digits?
6.How many words with or with out meaning can be formed
from the word :
(i)NICE
(ii)CARAVAN
(iii)INTELLIGENT
(iv)MATHEMATICS
REFERENCES:
THANK YOU NCERT TEXT BOOK,
NCERT EXEMPLAR,
HAPPY LEARNING DIKSHA WEBSITE
