{BANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHINOLOGY, LUCKNOW ‘| DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEM LAB-I (KEE-6S1) Experiment Ne Objects To determine foult current for L-G,L-L,L-L-G and L-L-L faults at the terminals of an altemator at Very low excitation, Experimental setup consists of 3 KW DC Motor coupled with 2KVA. Instruments Required- ‘of DC Motor for providing Alternator blong with panel consisting of arrangement for sta variable,excitation to the alternator. 1. Clamp on Ammeter 2. Volt meter (AC & DC) 3, Amméter DC ‘Theory Various type of faults at the terminals of the altemator.Broadly speaking the faults ean be dassified as + 1. Shunt faults (short cireuits) 2. Series faults (open conductor) Shunt type of faults involve power conductor or conductors-to-ground or short circuit between anductors, When circuits are controlled by fuses or any device which does not open all three fhases; die or two phases ofthe circuit may be opened while the other phases or phase is closed. ‘hese ate called series type of faults, These faults may also occur with one or two I Noten conductors. Shunt faults are characterized by inerease in current and fll in voltage and } Regiency whereas series faults are characterized by inrease in voltage and frequency and fan in Ganent in the faulted phases, Shunt type of faults are classified as (@) Lineto-ground fault; (i) Tine to-line fault; (ii) Double line-to-ground fault, and (iv) 3-phase fault. Of these, the fint three are the unsymmetrical faults as the symmetry is disturbed in one or two pases, The method of symmetrical eomponens wil be uilized to analyze the unbalancing in bbe system, The 3-phase fault is a balanced fault which could also be analyze using symmetrical Feoponcats, The eves Faults ae clasited gs: @) one open conductor, and (ji) two open Jeonductors, These faults also disturb the symmetry in one or two phases and are, therefore, ‘ubulaiced faults, The method of symmetzical components ean be used for analyzing such sitations ID the system. Here we will discuss only the shunt type of faults E Single Line to ground Fault Boundary condition Va=0 CE Scanned with OKEN Scanner3; Double Line to ground Fault ‘conditions t= Ia=0 Yo=0 Ve=0 {f=1b + Ic @ scanned with OKEN Scanneroy. Th DeParMeNT oF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING [ans INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW et Ni POWER SYSTEM LAB. (KEE-6S1) ‘agriayoaning exes a 4. Three Phase Fault * pandary conditions: lat b+ 1e=0 Va=Vb= Ve IM afore I 1 Confect the altemator in star configuration and ground the neutral. 2. Saf the DC Motor and bring i to rated speed of 1500 rpm by Keeping field supply tothe ‘llenator switched off and terminals of alternator open ci 3.Swiieh on the field supply to altemator and slowly increase the field current so that open iret voltage at the terminals of alternator is 25V (Line to Neutral). __ 4.Switch off field supply of alternator without disturbing the setting of field current and crete 45. Switch on the field supply to alternator and measure the fault current with clamp on meter. 6 Repeat the steps 3, 4 and 5 for open circuit voltage of SOV and 75V. Note;-Open circuit voltage of alternator should not be inereased beyond 100V for study of faultio avoid damage to alternator winding. 7 Repeat steps 3, 4. 5 and 6 for Line to Line Fault, Line to Line to Ground xylt and Three Phase Fait @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPOWER SYSTEM LAB-I (KEE-651) Result: = find out the fault current of alternator at very low excitation for Above faults at the terminal of Unloaded alternator. Precautions:~ 1. Connection carefully’ 2. Measure Current by clamp meter. 3. Do not touch live wire. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner, BANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW 2, £ if, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Bey POWER SYSTEM LAB-II (KEE-651) Experiment No-2 the over-current relay and the effect of PSM and TSM. pct: To study rat tr (0 0 V) Digital D ‘Ammeter (0-10 A) Digital 3 Loading C.T. ‘Auto Transformer 0-270V_ 5 Indicating Light G1DM.T: Relay Type CDG Timer with Start & Stop facility 8, Push Button for Timer START & STOP 9.Rotary Switch 10, DP Switch I Ingulating terminals ‘Theory: ‘There are several over current protection such as fuse, thermal relay & IDMT Relay. JOM Caverse Definite Minimum Time) Relay is a high accuracy over current relay. If we does ; sotwant t6 flow the current in lines more than 1 Amp, we will set the tipping current in our relsy 1 Amp. As the current will become 1.10 oF 1.20, the relay disc will start forward and trip the breaker ‘after certain time. It is widely used to prevent over current transmission lines, gowerifansformers ete, because the eror& tripping time ofthe relay is tolerable by the Tines aad angtormer | Asthe rejuiement of system is that he faulted ine should be open instantaneously. Ifthe felted ling breaker fails to open the faulted line, the next supply breaker have to be open to for shaking dead the faulty line. The next breaker may be at higher voltage line or the same voltage, Tenet breaker sould ope only athe fist beaker failure, So we will allow approx 0.4 see Es | tine io operate first breaker. If first breaker does not become open within 0.4 sec than it will be assume faijure and the next made by IDMT relay. breaker will become functional. These time and current distinguish is @ scanned with OKEN Scanner__ BANS(L- INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW cae DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEM LABeII (KEE-651) To timer | “Stop” terminals ‘Siudy the operating current & de-operating current of dise, @eep the current source at minimum, (GMb dnp a ely test ctr switch sept at AMP ADI. Gi Switch ON the test set. Gv) Increase the current source slowly and pay attention at dise of relay. (Atcertain current it just moves in forward direction, this current is operating current and note the current. Gi) Now decrease the current through current source and pay hard attention at disc. will stop at certain current and moves in reverse direction just after reducing the (ithe al ) Cuirent;This current is de-operating current and note its value. 7D econ | "| tear iene | Caos ae 1 \ | eine viens @ scanned with OKEN Scanneraaa i pasa INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW re pi DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Oe POWER SYSTEM LAB-H (KBE-651) ‘OPERATING | DE-OPERATING CURRENT CURRENT, uations: = Connection carefully. 2. Measure Current by clamp meter 3. Do not touch tive wit @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER POWER SYSTEM LAB-II (KEE-651) - Experiment No. -3 ; get To Study impedance, MHO and Reactance type distance relays and zone of protection. pstruments Rei 1, Distance protection Relay for study 2, Timer-2 Nos |. Digital Voltmeter-1 NO. 5, Transformer 220/110 Instant rating 10 Amp. 6. Transformer having the facilities to select the voltage by friction of 1% 7. Current transformer 20/10 Amp. 8. Different value of Resistance. 9. Impedances | Theory: There is several types of line protections uses in the transmission system. Every type of | protections has its own merit & de-merits. In line protection our motto is to isolate the fault zone without disturbing the healthy area. The distance protection relay is one of the sensitive, fast and accurate relay. Here the tripping of relay is divided into three zone, zone-1, zone-2 and zone — 3. ‘otal line length is called principal section. Zone-1 is the 80% of principal Section or total line. If the fault occurs within the 80% of line the relay will cover it zone -1 and the tripping time in zone-1 should be instant or minimum as possible.80% to 120% of principal section or total ine length is, covered in zone-2. We can delay in tripping of zone -2. Practically itis selected approximate | (seconds. For testing or study purpose we can selected as our convenience. | 120% to 150% of the principal section or total line length is covered in zone-3, We can delay in tripping of zone-3, Practically it is selected approximate 1.2 seconds. For testing or study purpose we | can selected as our convenience. When fault occurs in line, the zone-3 section of relay will operate. It | iscalled the starter section. If the fault occurs in zone-1 than also zone -3 section will operate. the zone -3 section will come into function at the fault condition 0 to 150% but it will trip the cireuit beaker after the time set 1.2 seconds or may other. , When the fault occurs in line the zone-3 section or starter section senses and start the time of zone-2 ‘nd zone-3, If the fault is within 80% of the principal section the zone-1 section will trip the circuit breaker without any delay and if the fault is more than 80%, The timer of zone-2 extended the reach ofzone-1 relay 80% to 120%. Than after the time set for zone-2 the zone -1 section will measured the fault from 0 to 120% and trip the circuit breaker accordingly. If the fault is more than 120% the Zone-3 section is already in operative condition, after the time of 1.2 seconds or othersset value the Telay will trip the circuit breaker. Od), Apne ee 7 HOD. engineering | es meas ete NH-24y Sites Soe i @ scanned with OKEN Scannerans SAL WsTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW | DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER! SARERASERASR POWER SYSTEM LAB.II(KEE-SS1) [MENT NO. 1 study of the testing set o tance protection R Forthe ‘oad of distance protection relay, a testing set is design and give the representation of line and line fault in controlled way. The testing set is divided into four sections. 1, Supply Unit 2, Control Unit 3, Impedance Unit 4, Current transformer unit Insupply unit, here a transformer placed 220/110 v to supply to line. The supply section is representation of the electric source and PT of line. ‘The control Unit isto create the fault and step down the voltage by artificial manner. Inimpedance Unit, we can set the fault resistance or impedance. Inthe current transformer unit, we can change the current to lower side as the sense or operate by distance protection relay comfortably. This section is the representation of line CT. EXPERIMENT NO. 2 ‘Study the setting of Zone-1 in distance protection relay. 1, Check the switch OFF the testing set of distance protection relay set. 2. Check the switch OFF the distance protection relay. 3, Set Zone -2 preset timer 9.9 second, 4, Set Zorie -3 preset timer 9.9 second. 5, Set Zone -3 Adjusting knob complete clock wise, 6 7. 8, 5. Set Zone -2 Knob complete anti- clock wise. Set Zone -1 Knob complete anti- clock wise. Set the voltage to distance protection relay at 100% by rotary switches. 9. Connect the leads 10, Switelr ON the Distance Protection Relay. 11. Switch ON the Testing set of Distance Protection Relay. Be Careful that no current flows in current circuit or load circuit. 12, Cheek that push the fault push button fora second and observe a sound of operating of contactor a well as a current flows in load circuit. 1B, Check the voltage of TP-1 and TP-2 from testing set distance protection relay reaches at voltage point of distance protection relay. é @ scanned with OKEN ScannerITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW INBA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERE mene owen syste Lap. kets 14, Now relay is ready to set Zone- 1. Faul i and incase of observing rang nt Push button snot allowed to push normally one second i ie. current &voltage the push button may push not more than cease i.e. cum ty push not more tl aed Pa an ie clay and testing set isnot design to field the fault continuously. 5 Push push the fa one Second and observe that Zone-2 and Zone-3 timer starts, 16. Again It push button for a second and check Z-1 ill ne Ww theknow of Z-1 approximate 10°, Peer cee 17, Again Ps 7 Fault push button fora second and check Z-1 flag, it may appear ifs not then again © knob of Z-1 approximate 10° , Repeat the process tll appear of Z| flag. 18, We have selected the line resistance 16 ohms, 19, Cheek the flag 2-1 should not appear by increasing the line resistance lor 2 ohms. ie. 17 or 18 20, In case the flag of Z-1 appears by selecting 18 ohms now Z-1 and repeat the same process. 21, The value of Z-1 is set. EXPERIMENT NO. 3 ‘Study the setting of Zone ~2 in Distance Protection Relay Complete the above said process of Z ~ 1 knob setting. Set Zone- 2 preset timer 0.2 second. Set Zone- 3 preset timer 9.9 second. Set Zone-3 adjusting knob complete clockwise. Set Zone- 2 Knob complete anti-clock wis Do not disturb the knob Z-1. Connect the lead as given in Fig- ‘2°. Now relay is ready to set Zone-2, Fault push button isnot allowed to push normally one sevond and in ‘ase of observing reading i.e. current & voltage the push button may push not more than three seconds. ‘The relay and testing set is push design to field the fault continuously. 9. Push the fault button for one second and observe that zone-2 and zone-3 timer starts. 10. Again push the fault push button for a second wait the timer of zone-2 and check Z-2 flag, it will not appear now. Rotate the knob of Z-2 approximate 10°, 11, Again push the fault push button for a second wait the timer of zonme-2 and check Z-2 flag, it may ‘appear if is not then again rotate the knob of Z-2 approximate 10°, Repeat the process till appear of Z-2 fag, 12. We have selected the line resistance 24 ohms. 1B, Check the 2-2 should not appear by increasing the line resistance 1 or 2 ohms ie 25 oF 26 obms. 4 Incase the flag of Z-2 appears by selecting 26 ohms now its need to again fine set the knob of 2 and "epeat the same process. |S. The value of Z-2 is set eo _—— need to again fine set the knob of nd "HOD, Deparment of lesen eeleeint st Keny bach 24, Sitapr West Ea NH-24, Sita @ scanned with OKEN ScannerNBA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERI Pett POWER SYSTEM LAD-II (KEE-651) EXPERIMENT NO. 4 EXPERIMENT NO. 4 sudy the setting of Zone 4 in Distance Protect ceteris 1¢ Protection Relay Process of Z-1 & Z.2 knob; Set Zone-2 preset timer 9.9 second. ad Set Zone-3 preset timer 0.5 second, Set Zone-3 adjusting knob complete clock wine, Donot disturb the knob 2-2, Do not disturb the knob Z-1 Connect the lead as given in Fig ~ 3°, Now relay i ead to setZone-3. Fault push bution is ntallowed o push nomally one second and in caseof observing reading ic. cument& voltage the push button may push not mre than thre seconds, The rely nd testing sti not design to fed the fault continuously. 9. Push the fault button for one second and observe that xone-2 and zone-3 timer starts. 10 Agnin push the fault push button fora second wait the timer of zone? and zone 3 will start. Rotate the knob of Z-3 approximate 10° anti ~clockwise. 11, Again push the fault push button for a second wait the timer of zone-2 and Zone-3 may not start, if starts again rotate the knob of z-3 approximate 10° in anticlockwise direction. Repeat the process till the timer of zone-2 and zone-3 will not start. It is the value of slightly less than 30 ohms. Now slightly rotate the zone —3 knob in clockwise direction that the zone-3 the flag of zone-3 will appear. 12 Wehave selected the line resistance 30 ohms. 13, Check the flag Z-3 appear by increasing the line RA AMEYpem istance 1 or 2 ohms ie 31 or 32 Ohms, 14, Incase the flag of Z-3 appear by selecting 32 ohms now its need to again fine se tthe knob of Z-3 and repeat the same process. 15, The value of Z-3 is set. Complete the above said process of Z-1, Z-2 and Z-3 knob setting. Set Zone-2 preset timer 9.9 second. Set Zone-3 preset timer 0.9 second. Do not disturb the knob Z-3. Do not disturb the knob Z-2. Donot disturb the knob Z-2. Connect the lead as given in Fig — ‘4’. Hear the current transformer brought in service the fault currents reduces by 50% Push the fault button for a second and check the flag of zone — 1 should appear and if's not reduce the voltage by rotary switch step by step till appearance of zone -1 flag and that voltage will be approximate 50 %. Sen anaeee @ scanned with OKEN ScannerSetZone-2 preset timer 9.9 second Donot disturb the knob 233° Do not distur the knob 2-9 5 6 Do not disturb the ‘knob Z-1, 7, Connect the lead as given in Figs 8, —_Hearthe current transformer is brought in service the faut current is reduces by 50% 9. Pash the ful button for a second and wat for 02 econd che ag of zone ~2 should appear and id is not reduce the volt it 7 voltage will be appront Te sag Oar switch step by step tl appearane of zone = fag and that EXPERIMENT NO. 7 Study the checking of setting of Zone—3 in Distance Protection Relay, 1, Complete the above said process of Z-1, 7-2 and Z-3 knobs setting. 2, Set Zone-2 preset timer 9.9 second. 3, Set Zone ~3 preset timer 0.5 second, Do not disturb the knob X-3. 5, Donot disturb the knob Z-2. 6 Donot disturb the knob Z-1, 7. Connect the lead as given in fig-‘6. Here the current transformer brought in service the fault curent is reduces by 50%, 9. Push the fault button the timer should start if itis not appear, reduce the voltage by rotary switch step by step tll appearance of timer and wait for 0.5 second. The Zone-3 flag will appear and that voltage will be approximate 50%. 5. Result- Performed testing distances relay so our aim is proved, PRECAUTION! Make connection see the circuit diagram, : Connect the leads carefully and should be check another member for escape from mistake, Supply switch on. ay, Fault push button should not push continuously. In the case of reading maximum 3 seconds. Supply switch off ween “ @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION — REMIER TRADING CoRz op, PEE STUDY OF DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerLS PREMIER TRADING CORPORATION @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION ; ia cee ety HIER TRADING CoRPoR, @ scanned with OKEN ScannereA NE °REMIER TRADING CORPORATION RELAY ~~ | | — —--— | HOP eat Gesinesae | | Deparment of Flere gine | | | Bansal ine. NEIA, Sgpue Kons ae : 12 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION 10 20.40 00 98 NIN @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBANSAL INSTITUTE ‘STITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW pep: EPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERE POWER SYSTEM LAB-I (KEE-651) Exy ent Nc oyst study Ferranti effect of a transmission line/cable. ratus Used: ; ‘Fposmission line model is consisting of four actions of transmission online operatable at 220V nt sating at 2A connected in pi network. A continues variable power supply with two Di ‘voltmeter and two digital ammeter mounted on front panel with Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive load sheet complete with patch chords for interconnection. : sited in M. ‘Tyo: Transmission line model consists of four sections and each section represents 50 km jong 400 KY transmission line, along transmission line draws a substantial quantity of charging current If such @ line is open Greited for a very lightly loaded at the receiving end, the voltage atthe receiving end may ‘pecome higher than the voltage at the sending end. This is known as *FERRANTI EFFECT’ and {)) isdue to the voltage drop across the line inductance (due to the charging current) being in phase / fhesending end voltage. The both capacitance and inductance are necessary to produce this Phenomenon. The capacitance and charging current is negligible in short line but significant in medium length lines and appreciable in long lines. Therefore, phenomenon occurs in medium and long lines. Inthe phaser diagram, Ferranti el circuit so that half of the total line capa end, OM represents the receiving end voltage. OC rep | capacitance assumed to be consetrated at the receiving en saductive reactance drop. OP is the sending end voltage under no receiving end voltage. Procedure: { Apply the voltage (208 V max.) to the connect | ammeter and voltmeter to each end (receiving and sending). Gi) Connect the load comprising of R, Land Cat the receiving end and note down the value of receiving end voltage. | Gii) Now remove the load from the receiving end and This voltage at the receiving end is quite large as comp: fect is illustrated, The line may be represented by a nominal pi citance is assumed to be concentrated at the receiving resents the current drawn by the dd. MN is the resistance drop and NP is, load condition and is less than sending end and connect power factor meter. Also note down the voltage on receiving end. ared to sending end voltage. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner[BANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER POWER SYSTEM LAB (KEE-651) the sty | Pare Panecting Wires. ag w ‘Figure? TA) VatW) TRA) Cosh ForResistive | 1. 0 Load he core sequential 6] efficiency and AtNoLoad e 3. The technical Result: - We have performed Ferranti effect and voltage distribution in H.V. long transmission line sing transmission line model. Precautions:- 1, Make connection circuit diagram carefully. 2.Do not touch live wire. 3.Note reading carefully. rminals, internal | ee -——- wan Depareart sc Hela Pasa. an eat Ni gar nora LAO @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPOWER SYSTEM LAB-II (KEE-651) Experiment No. fo measure the dielectric strength of transformer oil. ‘Apparatus Used: Oil Testing Set ‘Theory: When a sample of oil is subjected to dielectric stress in a gap between two spheres the materials of higher conductivity and higher spheres capacity are drawn into the intense field between the spheres and causes a distortion of the field resulting in local high density and disruption begins at these points. When testing transformer oil it is found often that one or more discharge occur across the gap at i omparatively low voltages due to the presence of water particles but that the voltage can be raised to very much higher value before complete rupture occurs. : dati of higher dielectric constant than the oil are drawn into the intense field, they will | Cause exbessive local stress which may result in dissociation or ionization of oil and the gases of | iontbatidA inay bridge the gap and causes complete rupture. |Insandard specifications for ‘Insulating Oil’ the method of applying the testing voltage (which || Mast be alternating or approximately sine waveform of frequeney between 25 and100 Hz and Wit a peak factor of 2 +5% has been laid down, The test has to be carried out under standard conditions:The minimum dimensions of the test cell, diameter ofthe electrode and the distance ee y @ scanned with OKEN Scanner[Nol INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEM LABAII(KEE-651) probedite When testing oils the set is operated according to @ particular method(in- donipfance withthe regulations) te, with fixed spark gap and variable testing voltage: The Yoltagt ota be increased gradually under continues observation of the measuring ‘until the ‘peaked occurs. To test ols of high quay the distance baween ‘electrodes should be adjusted to 2inm: The equipment permit 310 KV/em to be measured. For testing oils ‘of medium quality or inferior quality the spark gap should be adjusted to 4 mm by means of a distance gauge-The {ngulatig, material oil testing euP is equipped normally with two calotte-shaped electrodes of ‘36mm dia, radius of each sphere is 25 mm, The oil testing cup is kept as small as possible to do of oil, Suitable safeyy contacts re provided to put the set out of ned in order to insert or remove the test cup, thus ture occurs. No ‘with minimum quantity ‘operation as soon as the top Tid is op eliminating HT danger. The set is disconnected ‘automatically as soon as the pun arg pos a ng thi sears aie oF Radi: Distance between electrodes = _ “4 Breakdown voltage 1, Make'eonnection circuit diy 2,Do not touch live wire. 3, Note reading carefully 7 a \ @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPOWER SYSTEM LAB-II (KEES!) Experiment No.6 ¢.To determine positive sequence, negative sequence and. altro ero sequence reactance of an atusUsed juantit ‘Name of instruments |} ‘Rani {Voltmeter ML 9-230volt 2 “Ametet MI O-10A, 2 ‘Auto transformer ‘Bir coal | _0-260volt 1 ‘Aliemator, TRVA.Sphase | 1 D.C.Shunt Motor, shont__[3-KW,Amp-1 [1 Connecting wire Smut = = The sequence impedances ofan alternator have different values, ‘This is because of the Fon the DC field m.m.f for different sequences. ference inthe effect ofthe armature mam. yy may be defined @s fundamental component of armature uence component of armature current, to this y. This is the usual impedance (either Hf caste Sequence impedance: Itis the ratio of the Pre Bete te rntaent postve 0 | comapapent of armature curent at rated frequenc} | Gpentondus or ransient or sub transient) of alemetor it of armature voltage, ccer- Its the ratio of fundamental component i “Negative Sequence Impedan i of armature current, to this component of due tse fundamental negative sequence compones armature urrent at rated [requency. jo of fundamental component of armature voltage, due sdance:= It is the rat armature current, to this component of armature Zero Sequence Lmpe' 9 sequence component of to the fundamental 721 | eam at rated frequency. '; Positive Séquence Impedance eb Ka XNGB + Oar (XK + ee KP} 27" th at { bem @ scanned with OKEN ScannerITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEM LAB-I (KEE-6S1) @ scanned with OKEN ScannerObservations table: F Power system Hog nor. rroF senses a TEMOLON ENON -"), DEPAReM E oh ENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Lana (ceE-4s1) KER BRT RITA [Rae x se Results fxr xg Precautions: i 2 3 4 5 x0" Make the connection with help of circuit diagram . Instruments used proper range. ‘Main supply switeh off than make connection. ‘Alter Gonnetion than min switch on Nové the reading caret Experiment perform than switch off main supply. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBANS ‘SAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERI SRE RAR POWER SYSTEM LAB-II (KEE-6S1) ‘Aim: To determine th Experiment No.7 Scone Sub-transient (x), transient (x) and steady state reactane (x) of Apparatus Used: Name T, pe Ran; “Ammeter MI oe Voltmeter MI 0-300 - 230/0-270 V, 06 A Single phase variac ‘Theory: The direct-axis sub transient reactance and quardrature-axis sub transient reactance of 3 phase synchronous machine can be measured by applying a reduced single phase voltage to the two stator phase connected in series, with the field winding short circuited and the machine being stationary. The rotor is moved by hand, so that the current in the short circuited field winding is maximum, Under this condition. The reactance offered by the armature is direct-axis sub transient reactance i.e. v ae : o lext the rotor is tured through half a pole pitch, so that q axis coincides with the crest of the lrmature mmf and the current in the field winding is minimum. The reactance offered by the ‘mature under this condition will be quardrature-axis sub transient reactance. This method necessitates an exact alignment of the rotor with the armature mmf wave, which is not possible. As ich a more convenient method discussed below can be adopted for the measurement of sub “ransient reactance. Direct-axis sub transient reactance, Xd” Directaxis sub transient reactance can be determined by applied voltage method (most convenient method) in which single phase voltage of reduced magnitude and of rated frequency {s applied across the two terminals of the stator winding the third eing lft isolated as shown in Fig ‘A’. The testis repeated for another two combinations of connections of stator terminals ie. first voltage applied between terminals A,B, second between B,C and third between terminals GA. During this test rotor is stationary and the field winding on the rotor is short cireited ttrough an armature. The test should be conducted at full oad curent flowing in the stator ‘winding as such applied voltage should be adjusted accordingly. Direct-axis sub transient reactance can now be found out as discussed below. | 7 soni 2} Engineering | Desainsecefer tm ing Pt Sion @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERI SERRE POWER SYSTEM LAB. (KEE-651) 1. Let the applied voltage across the terminals A,B of the stator winding with terminal C kept isolated be volts and the current flowing through the winding in currentbe | amperes. The ration of voltage across each phase to current is a reactance which can be represented by a quantity A’ Le. E/2 E I 21 Similarly the ratio of applied voltage E'/2 across each phase with voltage €” across the terminals 8,C and the resultant current flowing, ' can be represented bya quantity B’ Le. e 20 Ina similar way the ratio of applied voltage, E"/2across each phase with voltage E” ‘across the terminals C.A and current flowing I” is represented by a quantity C’ ie. Gi) B em c=-— 2° From the value od A’, B’, and C’ determined from the experimental data, calculate the values of K and M from the equations given below. a i ~ “Fon ek Deparment of Blea! Engineering ‘ee ‘onslnstuto Face & Tech r LMR Staph tasaow @ scanned with OKEN Scanner‘BANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER ees [POWER SYSTEM LAB-I(KEE-651) ke and = —M (smaller possible stationary rotor 5. Then direct-anis sub transient reactance Xd" reactance). Procedure: 1, Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram. 2. Ensure that the moving knob of single phase varac i at zero position, 3. Switch on the AC supply. 4, Apply @ reduced voltage to the circuit consisting of stator terminals A and B in series, so that the current flowing inthe stator winding is of fullload value. Record the voltage applied and the current flowing inthe circuit. 5, Repeat step 4 with stator terminals 8 and C connected in series. 6. Repeat step 4 with stator terminals Cand A connected in series. 7. Repeat step 4, § and 6 for a new positon ofthe rotor to confirm that the value of Kand M ‘aresame for the both the position of rotor. 8, Switch off the supply. Observation Tal S.No] E | 1 Te] Fr in =| Pa Le Results We have performed the test and direct-axis sub transient reactance of synchronous machine. Precautions:- ‘Make the connection with help of cireut diagram, Instruments used proper range, Main supply switches off than make connection. 4, Note the reading carefully. eee oe —= ecco geeanaarl Toineerieatane | N24, Staper Rou Lucknow @ scanned with OKEN Scanner