CHAPTER

Worksheet 1

1 Learn about
Maps
Direction
Directions given on a map help us to locate places on
it easily. There are four cardinal or main directions—
north, south, east and west. We also have the following
intermediate directions or sub-directions—the north-
east, the south-east, the south-west and the north-west.
Most maps are drawn with the north direction at the directions
1. Match the following. N
top of the page, shown by this symbol ( ). We can find
all other directions using this information. If no such symbol is shown, then the
top portion of the map is taken as the north and the bottom, right and left of the
ColumnDirection
A Column B
map as the south, the east, and the west, respectively.
Directions given on a map help us toScale
locate places on
it easily. There are four cardinal or Maps
mainreduce
directions—
a very large area to fit on a sheet of paper because it is not possible
north, south, east and west. We also have
to drawthe following
a map as big as the Earth. Maps are, therefore, drawn to a scale, which is
a. map i.
reduced carefully.
intermediate directions or sub-directions—the north- This scale uses a small distance on paper to represent a large
distance on land. The scale is usually mentioned in one corner of the map. For
a city seen from above a map of the city

east, the south-east, the south-west and the north-west.

QUICK CHECK example, suppose the distance between your home and your friend’s home is 10
Most maps are drawn with the north
Let’s explore—geography
kmdirection
on land. Youat canthe show this distance of 10 km by using a scale of 2 cm on a map.
directions
N
Location means ......................... a particular place can be found, on the Earth.
top of the page, shown by this symbol ( ). We can find
Physical features such as mountains, hills, plateaus and 2 cmplains are also

b. globe all other directions using this information.

called
ii.If no such 10 km symbol
............................................................................ . 0 is shown,10 then
20 the30 40 km
A map is always drawn from a bird’s-eye view—the view that a bird gets when it flies overhead—or

top portion of the map is taken as the north and the bottom, right and left of the
the view you have when you look down from an aeroplane. Objects look different when viewed from
We need land to live, grow .................................. and C set up ..................................A. B
above than how they appear while standing on the ground.

a scale
Winter, summer and monsoon are ...................................................................
TYPES OF MAPS .
map as the south, the east, and the helps
Geography west, us study
Look
respectively.
at these
the scale along with weather and climate.
and complete the following:
There are different types of maps.
Each map shows different kinds
N
I am a farmer, and I want to grow rice in my field. Geography will tell me the of details and serves a different
1. 1 cm on the map will show .................................... km on theTheland.
Scale type of ......................... and soil that will be needed to grow rice.
2. How many kilometres is it between point C and point
purpose.

A? ......................................
most common types
of maps are:

We went to Nainital in Uttarakhand during the last holidays. Geography physical maps, which show the

Maps reduce a very large area to fit on a sheet of paper because it is not possible
3. the
helped us to choose How many
correct kilometres
route to reach our is it between
......................... . point
C and pointphysical or natural features of
B? ......................................
the Earth such as mountains,

c. continent
to draw a map as big as the Earth. Maps are, iii. therefore, drawnsuch
Delhi has recorded more than 10 earthquakes since April 2020. Geography
There
tells us what causes are large-scale maps and
...................................................................
to asa earthquakes
hills, plains, plateaus, deserts
scale, which is and waterbodies. Talk About It!
small-scale maps. Large-scale
political maps, which Have show you ever
reduced carefully. This scale uses a small
and how we
mapsdistance
can protect
show a loton
ourselves from paperabout
them.
of details to represent
a small area.aSmall-scale
large boundaries maps
countries,
of continents,
wondered why
states; and locations

distance on land. The scale is usually show mentioned lesser details in one of acorner largeARCTIC of the
area. OCEAN
For map. For
example,
of cities and towns.
a map of a
thematic maps, which smaller
India looks
on a
TOOLS THAT HELP IN STUDYING GEOGRAPHY show

example, suppose the distance between your home

residential colony and
Maps and globes are the main tools that help us to understand the location of
your friend’s
is a large-scale home
map, while is 10
a map of acrops,
country
certain themes or topics such
worldas
industry, climate of a place
Map not to scale
map
is a small-scale
bymap.
or rainfall, roads, railways thanand on a map
km on land. You can showplaces
thisand
distance of 10onkm using a scale of 2 cm on a map. airline routes in different areas.
a physical map of India
physical
6 features the Earth. of Asia?
WORD TO KNOW
3
Globe
theme: something that you talk, write or draw (in this case) about

2 cm
A globe is a model of the spherical Earth, which looks like
a miniature version of it. It is useful because:
d. directions 10 km 0 10
iv.20
it shows the true shape of the Earth.
30 40 km

C A B
it helps us to know the location of the continents and
a scale
oceans on the Earth’s surface.

Look at the scale and complete the following: ATLANTIC a globe

WORDS TO KNOW
1. 1 cm on the map will show ....................................
model: a small copy of something
spherical: round-shaped
kmOCEAN
on the land. PAC
OC
2. How many kilometres is it between point C and point A? ......................................
miniature: much smaller than things of the same kind
5
continents: one of the very large areas of land on the Earth
PACIFIC
3. How many kilometres is it between point C and point B? ......................................
OCEAN
e. scale v.
Talk About It!
There are large-scale maps and small-scale maps. Large-scale INDIAN OCEAN
Have you ever
maps show a lot of details about a small area. Small-scale maps wondered why
India looks
show lesser details of a large area. For example, a map of a smaller on a
residential colony is a large-scale map, while a map of a country world map
SOUTHERNthan
OCEAN
Copyright © 2021map.
is a small-scale Macmillan Publishers India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. on a map
6 of Asia?

1
a map of the world showing continents and oceans Map not to
2. Choose the correct answer.
a. What do we call directions that come between the cardinal directions?
i. primary directions ii. intermediate directions
iii. middle directions iv. sub-directions
b. Which of the following is not an intermediate direction?
i. north-east ii. south-west
iii. west-east iv. south-east
c. Which type of map will you need if you are planning a road trip?
i. world map ii. physical map
iii. ocean map iv. road map
d. On which of the following map you can find valleys, mountains,
plains, waterbodies and deserts?
i. political map ii. physical map
iii. population map iv. compass rose

3. What is a scale? How does it help us?

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Copyright © 2021 Macmillan Publishers India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

2
4. Create a map of your neighbourhood and use symbols and colours to
show different human-made and physical features, respectively.

5. Nowadays almost every vehicle has the Global Positioning System

(GPS). How does it work and help us to find our way?

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Copyright © 2021 Macmillan Publishers India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.