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Dictionary For EPC-1

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

490 views142 pages

Dictionary For EPC-1

Gggg

Uploaded by

Mohamed Achour

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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The Dictionary of EPC Projects

Copy Rights

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written
permission from the author, except in the case of a reviewer, who may quote brief passages
embodied in critical articles or a review. Trademarked names appear throughout this book. Rather
than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, names are used in
an editorial fashion, with no intention of infringement of the respective owner’s trademark. The
information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every
precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor the publisher
shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged
to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this book.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 26. ASME (American Society of

Mechanical Engineers): .............................18
1. 3PL (Third-Party Logistics): ................ 15
27. ASP (As-Built System Plan):............18
2. 4D (Four-Dimensional): ..................... 15
28. ASTM (American Society for Testing
3. 4PL (Fourth-Party Logistics): .............. 15 and Materials): ..........................................18
4. A&E (Architectural and Engineering): 15 29. AVL (Approved Vendor List): ..........19
5. AAA (American Arbitration 30. AWB (Air Waybill): .........................19
Association): ............................................. 15
31. AWS (American Welding Society): .19
6. AB (As Built): ..................................... 15
32. B/L (Bill of Lading):.........................19
7. ABB (Approval by Buyer): .................. 15
33. B2B (Business-to-Business): ...........19
8. ABG (Advance Bank Guarantee):....... 16
34. B2C (Business-to-Consumer): .........19
9. ABT (Actual By Target): ..................... 16
35. BAC (Budget at Completion): .........20
10. AC (Actual Cost):............................ 16
36. BC (Bill of Consumption): ...............20
11. ACWP (Actual Cost of Work
Performed): .............................................. 16 37. BCWP (Budgeted Cost of Work
Performed): ...............................................20
12. ACWS (Actual Cost of Work
Scheduled): ............................................... 16 38. BCWR (Budgeted Cost of Work
Remaining): ...............................................20
13. ADR (Alternative Dispute
Resolution): .............................................. 16 39. BCWS (Budgeted Cost of Work
Scheduled): ...............................................20
14. AFC (Approved for Construction): . 16
40. BEP (Best Estimated
15. AFE (Authorized for Expenditure):. 17 Performance): ...........................................20
16. AIA (American Institute of 41. BGA (Ball Grid Array): ....................20
Architects): ............................................... 17
42. BIM (Building Information
17. AIMS (Approved Item Master Modeling): .................................................21
List): 17
43. BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand): .21
18. AO (Automatic Operation): ........... 17
44. BOM (Bill of Materials): .................21
19. AP (Advance Payment): ................. 17
45. BOM (Bill of Material): ...................21
20. API (American Petroleum
Institute): .................................................. 17 46. BOQ (Bill of Quantities): ................21

21. APS (Advanced Planning and 47. BOS (Bill of Services): .....................21
Scheduling): .............................................. 17 48. BPA (Blanket Purchase
22. AQL (Acceptable Quality Level): .... 18 Agreement): ..............................................21

23. AR (Award Recommendation): ...... 18 49. BPO (Business Process

Outsourcing): ............................................21
24. ARO (Annual Repair and
Overhaul): ................................................. 18 50. BQ (Bill of Quantity):......................22

25. ASL (Approved Supplier List): ........ 18 51. BR (Bill of Rights): ..........................22

52. C&F (Cost and Freight): ................. 22 79. CIS (Contractual Information
53. C&I (Control and System): ....................................................26
Instrumentation): ..................................... 22 80. CM (Construction Manager): .........26
54. C&P (Contract and Purchase): ....... 22 81. CMM (Coordinate Measuring
55. CA (Change Accumulation): ........... 22 Machine): ..................................................26

56. CAD (Computer-Aided Design): ..... 23 82. CNC (Computer Numerical

Control): ....................................................26
57. CAL (Calibration): .......................... 23
83. CO (Change Order): ........................27
58. CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): ........ 23
84. COA (Certificate of Analysis): .........27
59. CC (Cost Code): .............................. 23
85. COC (Certificate of Compliance): ....27
60. CCA (Copper Clad Aluminum): ....... 23
86. COD (Cash on Delivery): .................27
61. CCC (Cost Control Center): ............. 23
87. COGS (Cost of Goods Sold): ............27
62. CCM (Claims and Contract
Management): .......................................... 23 88. COM (Certificate of Manufacture): 27

63. CCP (Critical Control Point): ........... 24 89. COO (Certificate of Origin): ............27

64. CCR (Contract Change Request):.... 24 90. COQ (Cost of Quality):....................28

65. CD (Change Directives): ................. 24 91. COS (Cost of Sales): ........................28

66. CDA (Construction Design and 92. CP (Control Plan): ...........................28

Administration): ....................................... 24 93. CPA (Cost Performance Analysis): ..28
67. CDS (Concept Design Study): ......... 24 94. CPE (Customer Provided
68. CE (Civil Engineering): .................... 24 Equipment): ..............................................28

69. CE Mark (Conformité Européene 95. CPFF (Cost Plus Fixed Fee): .............28
Mark): 25 96. CPI (Cost Performance Index): .......29
70. CEM (Commissioning, Engineering, 97. CPK (Capability Process Index): ......29
and Maintenance): ................................... 25 98. CPM (Critical Path Method): ..........29
71. CEP (Continuous Engineering 99. CPO (Chief Procurement Officer): ..29
Process): ................................................... 25
100. CPPC (Cost Plus Percentage of
72. CER (Claim Event Report): ............. 25 Cost): 29
73. CFA (Cost and Freight Analysis): .... 25 101. CPR (Cost Performance Report): ....29
74. CFR (Cost Forecast Report): ........... 25 102. CPRA (Cost Performance Report
75. CFT (Cubic Feet): ............................ 25 Assessment): .............................................29
76. CIArb (Chartered Institute of 103. CPRB (Cost Performance Report
Arbitrators): .............................................. 26 Breakdown):..............................................30
77. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight): . 26 104. CPRE (Cost Performance Report
78. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid Element): ...................................................30
To): 26

105. CPRI (Cost Performance Report 130. DAP (Delivered at Place): ...............34
Index): 30 131. DB (Design Build): ..........................34
106. CPRM (Cost Performance Report 132. DC (Direct Current): .......................34
Manager): ................................................. 30
133. DCC (Design Control Center): .........35
107. CPRP (Cost Performance Report
Progress): .................................................. 30 134. DCN (Document Change Notice): ...35

108. CPRR (Cost Performance Report 135. DCP (Data Collection Plan): ............35
Review): .................................................... 30 136. DCR (Document Control Register): .35
109. CPRV (Cost Performance Report 137. DCS (Distributed Control System): .35
Variance): ................................................. 31 138. DD (Document Distribution): .........35
110. CPT (Carriage Paid To): .................. 31 139. DDL (Data Delivery List): ................35
111. CPV (Common Procurement 140. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): ............36
Vocabulary): ............................................. 31
141. DDP-Incoterm (Delivered Duty Paid
112. CQC (Continuous Quality Control): 31 Incoterm): .................................................36
113. CR (Change Request): .................... 31 142. DDR (Double Data Rate): ...............36
114. CRA (Contract Review Board 143. DDS (Document Distribution
Approval): ................................................. 31 System): ....................................................36
115. CRL (Change Request Log): ............ 32 144. DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid): .......36
116. CRM (Customer Relationship 145. DES (Delivered Ex Ship): .................36
Management): .......................................... 32
146. DF (Document Filing): ....................37
117. CRV (Change Request Value): ........ 32
147. DFA (Design for Assembly): ............37
118. CSC (Contract Security
Classification): .......................................... 32 148. DFD (Design for Disassembly): .......37

119. CTR (Change Trend Review): ......... 32 149. DFL (Document Filing Log): ............37

120. CV (Cost Variance): ........................ 32 150. DFM (Design for

Manufacturability): ...................................37
121. CVA (Contractor Volume
Allowance): ............................................... 33 151. DFP (Document Filing Plan): ..........37

122. CVD (Countervailing Duties): ......... 33 152. DFR (Document Filing Register): ....38

123. CVR (Cost Variance Report): .......... 33 153. DFT (Dry Film Thickness): ...............38

124. CWA (Contract Work Authorized): 33 154. DFW (Document Filing Workflow): 38

125. DA (Delayed Activity): ................... 33 155. DGS (Detail General Specification): 38

126. DAA (Delayed Authorization for 156. DIFOT (Delivery In Full on Time): ...38
Advancement): ......................................... 33 157. DIN (Deutsches Institut für
127. DAB (Dispute Adjudication Board): 34 Normung): .................................................38

128. DAE (Design Approval Entry): ........ 34 158. DIS (German Institution of
Arbitration): ..............................................39
129. DAF (Delivered at Frontier): .......... 34

159. DL (Delivery Lead Time):................ 39 185. EAC (Estimate at Completion): .......43

160. DLT (Delivery Lead Time): .............. 39 186. EBS (Estimate at Completion): .......43
161. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, 187. ECO (Engineering Change Order): ..43
Improve, Control): .................................... 39 188. ECR (Engineering Change
162. DMC (Direct Material Cost): .......... 39 Request): ...................................................44
163. DMS (Document Management 189. EDDR (Engineering Document
System): .................................................... 39 Deliverable Register): ................................44
164. DN (Delivery Note): ....................... 40 190. EDMS (Electronic Document
165. DOC (Document): .......................... 40 Management System): ..............................44

166. DP (Delivery Performance): ........... 40 191. EDR (Electronic Document

Register): ...................................................44
167. DPO (Designated Procurement
Officer): .................................................... 40 192. EHS (Environment, Health, and
Safety): ......................................................44
168. DPR (Detailed Project Report): ...... 40
193. EI (Engineering Instruction):...........44
169. DQ (Data Quality): ......................... 40
194. EIA (Electronic Industries
170. DR (Document Register): ............... 41 Alliance): ...................................................45
171. DRB (Dispute Review Board): ........ 41 195. EL (Event List):................................45
172. DRF (Document Reference File): .... 41 196. EOI (Expression of Interest): ..........45
173. DRR (Document Review and 197. EOQ (Economic Order Quantity): ...45
Release): ................................................... 41
198. EOT (Extension of Time): ................45
174. DRS (Document Review System): .. 41
199. EOT (Extension of Time): ................45
175. DS (Design Services): ..................... 41
200. EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and
176. DSC (Document Status Report):..... 42 Construction): ...........................................45
177. DSO (Days Sales Outstanding): ...... 42 201. EPCC (Engineering, Procurement,
178. DSRS (Document Status Report Construction, and Commissioning): ...........46
System): .................................................... 42 202. EPCM (Engineering, Procurement,
179. DVA (Document Version Construction, and Management): .............46
Approval): ................................................. 42 203. EPe (Engineering, Procurement,
180. DVC (Direct Vendor Cost): ............. 42 Construction, and Commissioning): ...........46
181. DVP (Delivery versus Payment): .... 42 204. EQ (Equipment): ............................46
182. E&I (Electrical and 205. ERP (Enterprise Resource
Instrumentation): ..................................... 43 Planning): ..................................................46
183. E&M (Engineering and 206. ERT (Emergency Response Team): .46
Manufacturing): ........................................ 43 207. ESD (Electrostatic Discharge): ........46
184. E&O (Engineering and 208. ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival): ....47
Operations):.............................................. 43
209. EV (Earned Value): .........................47

210. EXW (Ex Works): ............................ 47 238. FRR (Financial Requirement

211. EX-Work (Ex Works Incoterm): ...... 47 Report): .....................................................51

212. FAB (Fabrication): .......................... 47 239. FVC (Flexible Volume

Commitment): ...........................................51
213. FAS (Free Alongside Ship): ............. 48
240. GA (General Arrangement) ............51
214. FAT (Factory Acceptance Test): ..... 48
241. Gage R&R (Gage Repeatability and
215. FAT (Final Acceptance Test):.......... 48 Reproducibility).........................................52
216. FC (Fixed Cost): .............................. 48 242. Gantt Chart ....................................52
217. FCA (Free Carrier): ......................... 48 243. GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs
218. FCE (Final Cost Estimate): .............. 48 and Trade) .................................................52
219. FCL (Full Container Load): .............. 48 244. GC (General Contractor) ................52
220. FDD (Final Design Document): ....... 49 245. GCC (General Conditions of
Contract) ...................................................52
221. FDD (Final Design Document): ....... 49
222. FDP (Fabrication and Delivery 246. GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and
Plan): 49 Tolerancing) ..............................................52

223. FDR (First Document Review): ....... 49 247. GDS (Global Document System) .....52

224. FEC (Forecast for Completion): ...... 49 248. GFC (Good for Construction) ..........52

225. FEED (Front End Engineering 249. GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit
Design): ..................................................... 49 Interrupter) ...............................................53
250. GFE (Government Furnished
226. FF&E (Furniture, Fixtures, and
Equipment): .............................................. 49 Equipment)................................................53

227. FIDIC (International Federation of 251. GHS (Global Harmonized System) ..53
Consulting Engineers): .............................. 50 252. GIS (Geographic Information
System) .....................................................53
228. FIFO (First In, First Out): ................ 50
229. FLC (Final Lifetime Cost): ............... 50 253. GMP (Guaranteed Maximum
Price) 53
230. FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects
254. GTC (General Terms and
Analysis): .................................................. 50
Conditions) ................................................53
231. FOB (Free on Board): ..................... 50
255. HAZID (Hazard Identification) ........53
232. FOV (Field of View): ....................... 50
256. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability
233. FP (Floating Point): ........................ 50 Study) 54
234. FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit): ........ 51 257. HC (Historical Cost) ........................54
235. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate 258. HRA (Hazard Risk Assessment) ......54
Array): 51
259. HSE (Health, Safety, and
236. FR (Fire-Retardant): ....................... 51 Environment) ............................................54
237. FRP (Firm Revised Price): ............... 51 260. HSE Plan (Health, Safety, and
Environmental Plan) ..................................54

261. HSEQ (Health, Safety, Environment, 286. IFA (Issued for Approval) ...............58
and Quality) .............................................. 54 287. IFB (Invitation for Bid)....................58
262. HSSE (Health, Safety, Security, and 288. IFC (Issued for Construction) ..........58
Environment) ............................................ 54
289. IFD (Issued for Design) ...................58
263. HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule) . 55
290. IFI (Issued for Information) ............58
264. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning) ............................................ 55 291. IFR (Issued for Internal Review) .....58

265. I/O (Input/Output) ........................ 55 292. IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) .58

266. IA (Interim Approval) .................... 55 293. IMCO (International Maritime

Consultative Organization) ........................58
267. IAC (Interim Assessed Cost) ........... 55
294. IMP (Incoming Material Plan) ........59
268. IAP (Incentive Award Plan) ............ 55
295. IMS (Integrated Master Schedule) .59
269. IATA (International Air Transport
Association) .............................................. 55 296. INCO (Incoterms) ...........................59

270. IATF (International Automotive Task 297. Incoterm (International Commercial

Force) 56 Terms) 59

271. IAUC (Interim Acceptance Under 298. IP (Intellectual Property)................59

Conditions) ............................................... 56 299. IPC (Institute of Printed Circuits) ...59
272. IBC (International Building Code) .. 56 300. IPI (Inland Point of Interchange) ....59
273. IBS (Integrated Business System) .. 56 301. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) .........59
274. IC (Integrated Circuit) .................... 56 302. ISA (Instrument Society of
275. ICC (International Chamber of America) ....................................................60
Commerce) ............................................... 56 303. ISO (International Organization for
276. ICD (Interface Control Document) . 56 Standardization) ........................................60

277. ICE (Institute of Civil Engineers) .... 56 304. IT (Information Technology) ..........60

278. ICO (Initial Coin Offering) .............. 57 305. ITB (Invitation to Bid).....................60

279. ICP (Indent Contract Procedure) .... 57 306. ITP (Inspection and Test Plan) ........60

280. ICR (Issued for Client 307. ITT (Invitation to Tender) ...............60
Review/Comments) .................................. 57 308. IWP (Integrated Work Plan) ...........60
281. ICT (Information and 309. JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal) ........61
Communication Technology) .................... 57 310. JIT (Just-in-Time) ............................61
282. IDD (Integrated Design Document) 57
311. JSA (Job Safety Analysis) ................61
283. IDIQ (Indefinite Delivery Indefinite 312. JV (Joint Venture) ..........................61
Quantity) .................................................. 57
313. KDS (Knowledge Document
284. IDS (Integrated Document System) 57 System) .....................................................62
285. IEE (Institute of Electrical 314. KPI (Key Performance Indicator) ....62
Engineers) ................................................. 57

315. L/C, LC, LC (Letter of Credit) .......... 62 344. MOE (Measure of Effectiveness) ....68
316. LCC (Life Cycle Cost)....................... 63 345. MOM (Minutes of Meeting)...........68
317. LCIA (London Court of International 346. MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) ..68
Arbitration) ............................................... 63 347. MOU (Memorandum of
318. LCL (Less than Container Load) ...... 63 Understanding) .........................................68
319. LD (Liquidity Damage) ................... 63 348. MP (Milestone Payment) ...............68
320. LDD (Latest Design Document) ...... 63 349. MPR (Monthly Progress Report) ....69
321. LED (Light Emitting Diode) ............. 64 350. MR (Material Requisition) .............69
322. LIFO (Last In, First Out) .................. 64 351. MR (Material Request) ..................69
323. LMAA (London Maritime Arbitrators 352. MRB (Material Record Book) .........69
Association) .............................................. 64 353. MRN / GRN (Material/ Goods
324. LOA, LOA (Letter of Award) ........... 64 Received Note) ..........................................69
325. LOC (Line of Credit) ....................... 64 354. MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and
326. LOE (Level of Effort)....................... 64 Operations) ...............................................70

327. LOI (Letter of Intent) ..................... 65 355. MRP (Material Requirement

Planning) ...................................................70
328. LOP (Logistics Operating Plan) ....... 65
356. MRV (Material Receipt Voucher) ...70
329. LOTO (Lockout/Tagout) ................. 65
357. MS (Milestone) ..............................70
330. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) ...... 65
358. MSA (Measurement System
331. LPO (Logistics Purchase Order) ...... 65 Analysis) ....................................................70
332. LPO (Local Purchase Order) ........... 65 359. MSDS (Material Safety Data
333. LSTK (Lump Sum Turnkey) ............. 66 Sheet) 70
334. LTI (Lost Time Incident) ................. 66 360. MSP (Milestone Payment
335. LWD (Logistics Workforce Schedule)...................................................71
Development) ........................................... 66 361. MTO (Material Take-Off) ...............71
336. M&C (Monitoring and Controlling) 66 362. MTO (Material Take-off Note) .......71
337. M&E (Mechanical and Electrical) ... 66 363. NCE (Not-to-Exceed) ......................71
338. MAR (Material Approval Request) 67 364. NCR (Non-Conformance Report) ....71
339. MC (Management Contract).......... 67 365. NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) .71
340. MCR (Master Change Request)...... 67 366. NDC (Not Directly Charged) ...........72
341. MDR (Master Document Register) 67 367. NDE (Non-Destructive
342. MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Examination) .............................................72
Plumbing) ................................................. 67 368. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) ......72
343. MOA (Memorandum of 369. NEC (New Engineering Contract)....72
Agreement)............................................... 68 370. NF (Notification of Forecast) ..........72

371. NFE (Not For Execution) ................ 72 398. PCE (Project Control Engineer) .......78
372. NOC (No Objection Certificate) ..... 73 399. PCI (Project Control Index) .............78
373. NOM (Nominal) ............................. 73 400. PCM (Project Control Manager) .....78
374. NPC (Non-Production Cost) ........... 73 401. PCN (Project Change Notice) ..........78
375. NPI (New Product Introduction) .... 73 402. PCP (Project Control Plan)..............79
376. NPV (Net Present Value) ............... 73 403. PCR (Performance Control Report) 79
377. NRC (Net Revenue Contract) ......... 73 404. PCRA (Performance Control Report
378. NTE (Not-To-Exceed) ..................... 74 Assessment) ..............................................79

379. NTP (Notice to Proceed) ................ 74 405. PCRB (Performance Control Report
Breakdown)...............................................79
380. OA (Owner Advisor) ...................... 74
406. PCRE (Performance Control Report
381. OEE (Overall Equipment Element) ....................................................79
Effectiveness)............................................ 74
407. PCRG (Performance Control Report
382. OEM (Original Equipment Guidance) ..................................................80
Manufacturer) .......................................... 75
408. PCRH (Performance Control Report
383. OPEX (Operating Expenditure) ...... 75 Handbook) ................................................80
384. OTP (Owner's Test Procedures) ..... 75 409. PCRi (Performance Control Report
385. OTS (Off-the-Shelf) ........................ 75 Index) 80
386. P&E (Procurement and 410. PCRM (Performance Control Report
Engineering).............................................. 76 Manager)...................................................80
387. P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation 411. PCRQ (Performance Control Report
Diagram) ................................................... 76 Quality) .....................................................80
388. PA (Procurement Approval) .......... 76 412. PCRV (Performance Control Report
Variance) ...................................................81
389. PAC (Provisional Acceptance
Certificate) ................................................ 76 413. PCS (Procurement and Contract
390. Packing List .................................... 76 Services) ....................................................81
414. PD (Performance Data) ..................81
391. PAI (Periodic Assessment
Inspection) ................................................ 77 415. PDC (Post Dated Cheque)...............81
392. PBG (Performance Bank 416. PDD (Project Development
Guarantee)................................................ 77 Document) ................................................81
393. PBR (Performance Based Reward). 77 417. PDI (Pre-Delivery Inspection) .........82
394. PC (Purchase Contract) .................. 77 418. PDM (Product Data Management).82
395. PC (Payment Certificate) ............... 77 419. PDP (Project Development Plan) ...82
396. PCA (Performance Criteria 420. PDR (Project Design Review) .........82
Assessment) .............................................. 77 421. PDS (Project Definition Statement)82
397. PCC (Process Control Center) ......... 78 422. PDU (Project Delivery Unit) ...........83

423. PE (Project Estimate) ..................... 83 449. POV (Purchase Order Variance) .....88
424. PEP (Procurement Execution Plan) 83 450. PPA (Project Performance
425. PERT (Program Evaluation and Assessment) ..............................................88
Review Technique) ................................... 83 451. PPC (Performance Progress Curve) 88
426. PFA (Project Failure Analysis) ........ 83 452. PPE (Personal Protective
427. PFD (Process Flow Diagram) .......... 83 Equipment)................................................88

428. PFE (Project Final Report) .............. 84 453. PPI (Purchase Price Index) .............89

429. PFI (Performance Factor Index) ..... 84 454. PPP (Performance Progress Plot) ...89

430. PGA (Project Governance 455. PPR (Performance Progress

Authority) ................................................. 84 Report) ......................................................89

431. PI (Performance Indicator) ............ 84 456. PPS (Performance Payment

Schedule)...................................................89
432. PLC (Programmable Logic
Controller) ................................................ 84 457. PPV (Purchase Price Variance) .......89

433. PLM (Product Lifecycle 458. PQ (Performance Qualification) .....89

Management) ........................................... 85 459. PQC (Performance Quality
434. PM (Project Manager) ................... 85 Control) .....................................................90

435. PMB (Project Management Board) 85 460. PQI (Performance Quality

Indicator)...................................................90
436. PMBOK (Project Management Body
of Knowledge)........................................... 85 461. PQM (Performance Quality
Management)............................................90
437. PMC (Project Management
Committee) ............................................... 86 462. PQP (Project Quality Plan) .............90

438. PMI (Project Management 463. PQR (Procedure Qualification

Institute) ................................................... 86 Record) ......................................................90

439. PMO (Project Management Office) 86 464. PQS (Performance Quality System)90

440. PMP (Project Management Plan) .. 86 465. PQT (Performance Quality Test) ....91

441. PMR (Project Management 466. PR (Purchase Requisition) ..............91

Review) ..................................................... 86 467. PRA (Project Risk Assessment) .......91
442. PMS (Project Management 468. PRC (Performance Review
System) ..................................................... 87 Committee) ...............................................91
443. PMT (Project Management Team) 87 469. Principal (Party in Interest) ............91
444. PMU (Project Management Unit) .. 87 470. PRM (Project Risk Management) ...91
445. PO (Purchase Order) ...................... 87 471. PRO (Project Review) .....................92
446. POA (Purchase Order 472. PRP (Project Risk Plan) ...................92
Amendment)............................................. 87 473. PRS (Project Requirements
447. POB (Plant on Board) .................... 87 Statement) ................................................92
448. POC (Percentage of Completion) ... 88

474. PRT (Procurement Responsibility 501. RACI (Responsible, Accountable,

Transfer) ................................................... 92 Consulted, Informed) ................................97
475. PS (Performance Standard) ........... 92 502. RAM (Reliability, Availability, and
476. PSD (Performance Status Maintainability).........................................97
Dashboard) ............................................... 92 503. RAMS (Reliability, Availability,
477. PSM (Performance Scorecard Maintainability, and Safety) ......................98
Metrics) .................................................... 93 504. RBS (Resource Breakdown
478. PSR (Project Status Report) ........... 93 Structure) ..................................................98

479. PT (Pressure Test) .......................... 93 505. RC (Risk Category)..........................98

480. PTT (Project Time Tracking) ........... 93 506. RCC (Reinforced Cement
Concrete)...................................................98
481. PTW (Permit to Work) ................... 93
507. RCM (Risk Control Matrix) .............98
482. PUR (Purchase Order).................... 93
508. RCO (Risk Control Officer) ..............98
483. PV (Planned Value)........................ 94
509. RE (Revised Estimate) ....................99
484. PVC (Project Variance at
Completion) .............................................. 94 510. REA (Revised Estimate Approval)...99

485. PXI (PCI eXtensions for 511. REV (Revision) ................................99

Instrumentation) ...................................... 94 512. RF (Request for) .............................99
486. QA (Quality Assurance) ................. 94 513. RFA (Request For Approval) ...........99
487. QA/QC (Quality Assurance/Quality 514. RFB (Request for Bid) .....................99
Control)..................................................... 95 515. RFC (Request for Change) ............100
488. QAP (Quality Assurance Plan) ....... 95 516. RFI (Request for Information) ......100
489. QAS (Quality Assurance System) ... 95 517. RFO (Request for Offer) ...............100
490. QC (Quality Control) ...................... 95 518. RFP (Request for Proposal) ..........100
491. QCP (Quality Control Plan) ............ 95 519. RFQ (Request for Quotation) .......100
492. QCT (Quality Control Team) .......... 95 520. RFS (Request for Services) ...........100
493. QD (Quantity Surveyor) ................. 96 521. RFT (Request for Tender) .............100
494. QMS (Quality Management 522. RFx (Request for Proposal, Request
System) ..................................................... 96 for Quotation, Request for Information) .101
495. QP (Quality Plan) ........................... 96 523. RI (Risk Impact) ............................101
496. QS (Quantity Surveyor) ................. 96 524. RISK (Risk Assessment & Mitigation
497. Qty (Quantity) ............................... 96 Planning) .................................................101
498. QVL (Qualified Vendors List) ......... 96 525. Risks (Risks and Opportunities) ...101
499. R&R (Repeatability and 526. RMA (Return Material
Reproducibility) ........................................ 97 Authorization) .........................................101
500. RA (Risk Assessment) .................... 97 527. RMS (Risk Management System) .101

528. RN (Risk Number) ........................ 102 556. SDRL (Shop Detail and Review
529. ROI (Return on Investment) ........ 102 List): 106

530. ROM (Rough Order of 557. SF (Schedule Factor):....................107

Magnitude) ............................................. 102 558. SFC (Sales and Freight Cost): ........107
531. ROW (Right-of-Way).................... 102 559. SFL (Schedule Float Logic): ...........107
532. RP (Risk Plan) .............................. 102 560. SFPD (Schedule Performance
533. RR (Request for Resource)........... 102 Data): 107

534. RSO (Responsibility, Authority, and 561. SFPI (Schedule Performance

Relationships matrix) .............................. 103 Index): 107

535. RT (Risk Tolerance) ...................... 103 562. SFR (Schedule Forecast Report): ..107

536. RTB (Reason to Believe) .............. 103 563. SFU (Schedule Float Usage):.........108

537. RTM (Requirements Traceability 564. SI (Supply Invoice): ......................108

Matrix) .................................................... 103 565. SIT (System Integration Test): ......108
538. RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) ....... 103 566. SLA (Service Level Agreement):....108
539. RV (Risk Value) ............................ 103 567. SLD (Single Line Diagram): ...........108
540. RWA (Risk Work Assessment) ..... 104 568. SME (Subject Matter Expert): ......108
541. S (Schedule):................................ 104 569. SOP (Standard Operating
542. SA (Schedule Assessment): .......... 104 Procedure): .............................................109

543. SAC (Schedule At Completion): ... 104 570. SOR (Statement of

Requirements): .......................................109
544. SAP (Schedule Assessment
Process): ................................................. 104 571. SOV (Share of Voices): .................109

545. SAT (System Acceptance Test):.... 104 572. SOW (Scope of Work): .................109

546. SBI (System Built Inspection): ...... 105 573. SP (Specification): ........................109

547. SC (Schedule Compliance): .......... 105 574. SP3D (Smart Plant 3D): ................109

548. SCC (Schedule Control 575. SPC (Statistical Process Control): .110
Committee):............................................ 105 576. SPI (Schedule Performance
549. SCE (Schedule Control Engineer): 105 Index): 110

550. SCL (Schedule Control Logic): ...... 105 577. SPIR (Spare Parts Interchangeability
Record): ...................................................110
551. SCP (Schedule Control Plan): ....... 106
578. SPMS (Schedule Performance
552. SCT (Schedule Control Team): ..... 106 Measurement System): ...........................110
553. S-Curve (A graphical representation 579. SPQ (Single Purchase Order): .......110
of cumulative project performance): ...... 106
580. SQ (System Qualification): ...........110
554. SD (Secure Digital): ...................... 106
581. SQA (Software Quality
555. SDR (Second Document Review): 106 Assurance):..............................................111

582. SQC (Statistical Quality Control): . 111 609. TDP (Technology Development
583. SR (Schedule Review): ................. 111 Plan): 115

584. SRA (Supplier Rating 610. TE (Tender Evaluation):................116

Assessment):........................................... 111 611. TEC (Total Estimated Cost): ..........116
585. SRE (Supplier Request for 612. TEM (Tender Evaluation
Quotation): ............................................. 111 Method): .................................................116
586. SRM (Supplier Relationship 613. TEP (Tender Evaluation Plan): ......116
Management): ........................................ 111 614. TET (Tender Evaluation Team): ....116
587. SRP (Schedule Risk Plan): ............ 112 615. TIC (Total Installed Cost): .............116
588. SRS (Schedule Risk Score): ........... 112 616. TO (Technical Offer): ....................117
589. SS (Stainless Steel): ..................... 112 617. TOC (Total Owned Cost):..............117
590. SSR (Subcontractors' Schedule 618. TPI (Third Party Inspection): ........117
Review): .................................................. 112
619. TPM (Total Project
591. ST (Schedule Tolerance): ............. 112 Management):.........................................117
592. STS (Schedule Tracking System): . 112 620. TQM (Total Quality
593. SV (Schedule Variance):............... 113 Management):.........................................117
594. SW (Scope of Work): ................... 113 621. TR (Trend Report): .......................117
595. SWI (Standard Work Instruction): 113 622. TRB (Technical Review Board): ....117
596. SWMS (Safe Work Method 623. TRR (Technical Review Report): ...118
Statement):............................................. 113 624. TRR Meeting (Technical Review
597. T&C (Terms and Conditions):....... 113 Report Meeting): .....................................118
598. T&M (Time and Material): ........... 114 625. TSD (Technical Specification
599. TA (Technical Agreement): .......... 114 Document): .............................................118

600. TAT (Turnaround Time): .............. 114 626. TTO (Tender Turnover): ...............118

601. TBE (Technical Bid Evaluation): ... 114 627. TVC (Total Variable Cost): ............118

602. TBM (Total Budget 628. TVP (Total Value of Purchases): ...118
Management): ........................................ 114 629. UART (Universal Asynchronous
603. TC (Total Cost): ............................ 114 Receiver/Transmitter): ............................119

604. TCF (Technical Communication 630. UAT (User Acceptance Test): ........119
Format): .................................................. 115 631. UNIDROIT (International Institute for
605. TCM (Total Cost Management): .. 115 the Unification of Private Law): ...............119

606. TCN (Technical Communication 632. UOM (Unit of Measure): ..............119

Notice): ................................................... 115 633. UPC (Universal Product Code):.....119
607. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership): ... 115 634. URS (User Requirement
608. TD (Total Duration): .................... 115 Specification): .........................................119

635. UTC (Unit Technical 660. WCRR (Work Change Request

Characteristic):........................................ 120 Report): ...................................................125
636. V&V (Verification and 661. WFI (Water for Injection): ............125
Validation): ............................................. 120 662. WG (Working Group): ..................125
637. VAC (Variance at Completion): .... 120 663. WIP (Work in Progress): ...............126
638. VDRL (Vendor Document Register 664. WLA (Work-Life Analysis): ...........126
List): 120
665. WMS (Workflow Management
639. VE (Value Engineering): ............... 120 System): ..................................................126
640. VIP (Very Important Person): ...... 121 666. WP (Work Package): ....................126
641. VMI (Vendor Managed 667. WPA (Work Package
Inventory): .............................................. 121 Assessment): ...........................................127
642. VMS (Vendor Management 668. WPB (Work Package
System): .................................................. 121 Breakdown):............................................127
643. VOR (Value of Requirements): .... 121 669. WPC (Work Package Control):......127
644. VOWD (Variance at Completion - 670. WPCC (Work Package Control
Overall Work Done): ............................... 121 Committee): ............................................127
645. VR (Variation Request): ............... 122 671. WPCS (Work Package Control
646. VRR (Variation Request Report): . 122 System): ..................................................128
647. WACC (Weighted Average Cost of 672. WPCT (Work Package Control
Capital): .................................................. 122 Team): 128
648. WBS (Work Breakdown 673. WPF (Work Package Flow): ..........128
Structure):............................................... 122 674. WPI (Work Package Index):..........128
649. WBSC (Work Breakdown Structure 675. WPM (Work Package Manager): ..128
Code): 123
676. WPO (Work Package Outline): .....129
650. WBSD (WBS Dictionary): ............. 123
677. WPP (Work Package Progress): ....129
651. WBSE (WBS Element): ................. 123
678. WPQ (Welder Performance
652. WBSN (Work Breakdown Structure Qualification): .........................................129
Number): ................................................ 123
679. WPR (Work Package Report): ......129
653. WBSR (Work Breakdown Structure
Revision): ................................................ 123 680. WPRP (Work Package Resource
Plan): 130
654. WBSW (WBS Work Package): ...... 124
681. WPS (Workflow Processing
655. WC (Work Conversion): ............... 124 System): ..................................................130
656. WCC (Work Control Center): ....... 124 682. WPST (Work Package Schedule and
657. WCD (Work Control Document): . 124 Timeline): ................................................130
658. WCF (Work Conversion Factor): .. 124 683. WPT (Work Package Team): .........130
659. WCR (Work Change Request): ..... 125

684. WPTM (Work Package Team 710. ZBB (Zero-Based Budgeting): .......137
Member): ................................................ 131 711. ZBV (Zero-Based Variances): ........137
685. WPV (Work Package Variance): ... 131 712. ZBW (Zero-Based WBS): ...............138
686. WQ (Work Quality):..................... 131 713. Z-Score (Z-Statistic): .....................138
687. WQA (Water Quality
Association): ........................................... 131
688. WQC (Water Quality Control):..... 132
689. WQCP (Work Quality Control
Plan): 132
690. WQCR (Work Quality Control
Report): .................................................. 132
691. WQI (Work Quality Index): .......... 132
692. WR (Work Request):.................... 133
693. WS (Work Statement): ................ 133
694. WSC (Work Schedule Control): .... 133
695. WSJF (Weighted Shortest Job
First): 133
696. WSS (Work Schedule System): .... 134
697. WST (Work Schedule Team): ....... 134
698. WSTM (Work Schedule Team
Member): ................................................ 134
699. WTO (World Trade
Organization): ......................................... 134
700. XER (Project XER file):.................. 135
701. XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene):135
702. XLD (eXcel-based Load
Distribution): .......................................... 135
703. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction): .............. 135
704. XER (Project XER file):.................. 136
705. XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene):136
706. XLD (eXcel-based Load
Distribution): .......................................... 136
707. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction): .............. 136
708. YOY (Year over Year): .................. 137
709. YTD (Year-to-Date): ..................... 137

1. 3PL (Third-Party Logistics): A&E refers to the combined disciplines of

architecture and engineering, often
Third-Party Logistics refers to outsourcing collaborating in projects to design and
logistics and distribution services to a construct buildings, infrastructure, and other
specialized company. A 3PL provider structures. Architects focus on the aesthetic
manages functions such as transportation, and functional aspects, while engineers
warehousing, and fulfillment, allowing provide technical expertise for structural
businesses to focus on core activities without integrity and systems design.
managing these aspects directly.

5. AAA (American Arbitration

2. 4D (Four-Dimensional): Association):
In the context of project management and The American Arbitration Association is a
modeling, 4D refers to integrating the nonprofit organization that provides
element of time or schedule into a 3D model. arbitration and mediation services to resolve
This approach enhances visualization by disputes outside of court. It establishes rules
adding a temporal dimension, allowing and procedures for arbitration cases and
stakeholders to simulate construction appoints arbitrators to adjudicate disputes
progress over time and anticipate scheduling based on agreed-upon terms.
conflicts or efficiencies.

6. AB (As Built):
3. 4PL (Fourth-Party Logistics):
As Built refers to drawings or documents that
Fourth-Party Logistics extends beyond 3PL reflect the actual condition or configuration
by integrating and managing additional of a construction or engineering project after
resources, technology, and capabilities for completion. These documents are updated
comprehensive supply chain management. A from initial plans to reflect any changes
4PL provider typically oversees multiple
made during construction, providing an
3PLs, optimizing logistics strategies across an accurate record of the final built
entire supply network. environment.

A 7. ABB (Approval by Buyer):

Approval by Buyer signifies formal consent or

authorization granted by the client or
purchaser for specific project deliverables,
materials, or processes. It confirms that the
4. A&E (Architectural and Engineering):
buyer has reviewed and accepted the item or

action in accordance with agreed-upon Actual Cost of Work Performed is the total
specifications or requirements. cost incurred for completed work activities
during a specific period in project
management. It helps assess cost
8. ABG (Advance Bank Guarantee): performance by comparing actual expenses
against budgeted costs, contributing to
An Advance Bank Guarantee is a financial accurate financial reporting and forecasting.
instrument issued by a bank on behalf of a
contractor or supplier, guaranteeing
repayment of an advance payment made by 12. ACWS (Actual Cost of Work Scheduled):
the buyer. It ensures that the advance
amount will be refunded if the terms of the Actual Cost of Work Scheduled represents
contract are not fulfilled as agreed. the total cost expected to be spent on
planned project activities within a given
timeframe. It helps monitor and control
9. ABT (Actual By Target): project expenditures by comparing
scheduled costs against actual expenses,
Actual By Target refers to a performance facilitating proactive management of project
measurement method used in project finances.
management to compare actual project
performance against predefined targets or
benchmarks. It helps assess project progress 13. ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution):
and identify deviations from planned goals,
enabling corrective actions to be taken if Alternative Dispute Resolution refers to
necessary. methods for resolving conflicts and disputes
outside of traditional litigation, such as
arbitration, mediation, or negotiation. ADR
10. AC (Actual Cost): processes are chosen to achieve faster, more
cost-effective, and often more collaborative
Actual Cost refers to the real expenditure resolutions compared to formal court
incurred for completing a specific activity, proceedings.
task, or project phase. It includes direct costs
(e.g., labor, materials) and indirect costs
(e.g., overhead), providing an accurate 14. AFC (Approved for Construction):
financial record of project expenses for
budgeting and cost control purposes. Approved for Construction indicates that
design documents or plans have received
final approval and are ready to be
11. ACWP (Actual Cost of Work Performed): implemented or executed in a construction
project. It confirms that all necessary reviews
and revisions have been completed,

ensuring readiness for construction activities Automatic Operation refers to systems or

to begin. processes that operate without manual
intervention or human control, relying on
automated technologies, sensors, and
15. AFE (Authorized for Expenditure): algorithms to perform tasks or functions. AO
enhances efficiency, reliability, and safety in
Authorized for Expenditure refers to formal various industrial, manufacturing, and
approval granted by management or infrastructure applications.
stakeholders to allocate funds for a specific
project, initiative, or expense. It ensures that
financial resources are allocated according to 19. AP (Advance Payment):
budgetary plans and project priorities,
supporting effective financial management. Advance Payment is a partial payment made
by a buyer to a supplier or contractor before
goods are delivered or services are
16. AIA (American Institute of Architects): performed. It provides financial liquidity to
the supplier and may be secured through
The American Institute of Architects is a guarantees to ensure fulfillment of
professional organization representing contractual obligations.
architects in the United States. It provides
support, resources, and advocacy for the
architectural profession, including 20. API (American Petroleum Institute):
education, professional development, and
standards for ethical practice. The American Petroleum Institute is a trade
association representing the oil and natural
gas industry in the United States. It develops
17. AIMS (Approved Item Master List): standards and certifications for equipment,
processes, and environmental practices,
Approved Item Master List refers to a promoting safety, efficiency, and
comprehensive inventory of approved sustainability in the energy sector.
materials, components, or products that
meet specified quality and performance
standards for use in a project or 21. APS (Advanced Planning and
manufacturing process. It ensures Scheduling):
consistency, quality control, and compliance
with project requirements. Advanced Planning and Scheduling refers to
software tools and methodologies used in
manufacturing and production
18. AO (Automatic Operation): environments to optimize production plans,
schedules, and resource allocation. APS
systems enhance efficiency, reduce lead

times, and improve on-time delivery by 25. ASL (Approved Supplier List):
integrating real-time data and advanced
algorithms. Approved Supplier List is a catalog of
vendors, suppliers, or subcontractors who
have met specified criteria for quality,
reliability, and performance standards. ASL
22. AQL (Acceptable Quality Level):
ensures that only approved suppliers are
Acceptable Quality Level defines the selected for procurement activities,
maximum number of defects or deviations promoting consistency and quality assurance
from specified standards that are considered in supply chain management.
acceptable in a batch or sample of products.
AQL is used in quality control to ensure
consistency and reliability of manufactured 26. ASME (American Society of Mechanical
goods before they are released to customers. Engineers):

The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers is a professional organization that
23. AR (Award Recommendation):
promotes the advancement and practice of
Award Recommendation is a formal proposal mechanical engineering. ASME develops
or decision document recommending a codes, standards, and certifications for
specific contractor, vendor, or proposal for mechanical devices, equipment, and systems
acceptance and contract award in to ensure safety, efficiency, and innovation.
procurement processes. It includes
evaluation criteria, findings, and justification
for selecting the recommended entity or 27. ASP (As-Built System Plan):
proposal.
As-Built System Plan documents the actual
configuration, installation, and specifications
of mechanical, electrical, or technological
24. ARO (Annual Repair and Overhaul):
systems after construction or installation is
Annual Repair and Overhaul refers to completed. It provides a record of system
scheduled maintenance activities performed modifications, additions, or deviations from
on equipment, machinery, or systems to original design plans for reference and
ensure optimal performance, reliability, and maintenance purposes.
longevity. ARO involves inspections, repairs,
and replacements of components as
necessary, minimizing downtime and 28. ASTM (American Society for Testing and
extending operational life. Materials):

The American Society for Testing and

Materials develops and publishes voluntary

consensus standards for materials, products,

systems, and services across various
industries. ASTM standards ensure quality,

B
safety, and compatibility, supporting
regulatory compliance and product
performance.

29. AVL (Approved Vendor List):

32. B/L (Bill of Lading):
Approved Vendor List is a register of vendors,
suppliers, or manufacturers who have been A Bill of Lading is a legal document issued by
qualified and approved to provide goods, a carrier or its agent that serves as a receipt
materials, or services for a specific project or for goods shipped, a contract of carriage, and
organization. AVL facilitates efficient a document of title. It details the type,
procurement, ensuring that only authorized quantity, and destination of the goods being
vendors are engaged based on predefined transported, facilitating shipment tracking
criteria. and transfer of ownership.

30. AWB (Air Waybill): 33. B2B (Business-to-Business):

Air Waybill is a shipping document issued by Business-to-Business refers to commerce

an airline or air freight carrier that serves as transactions between businesses, such as
a contract of carriage and receipt for goods manufacturers, wholesalers, or service
transported by air. AWB includes shipment providers, rather than between a business
details, consignor and consignee and individual consumers. B2B transactions
information, and terms of transport, involve bulk orders, specialized products,
facilitating international trade and logistics. and often negotiated contracts tailored to
business needs.

31. AWS (American Welding Society):

34. B2C (Business-to-Consumer):
The American Welding Society is a nonprofit
organization that establishes standards and Business-to-Consumer describes commerce
certifications for welding procedures, transactions where businesses sell goods or
techniques, and personnel in the welding services directly to individual consumers.
industry. AWS promotes best practices, B2C transactions typically involve retail sales
safety, and quality in welding operations through online platforms, stores, or direct
through education, training, and industry marketing, focusing on meeting consumer
collaboration. preferences and needs.

project activities based on the original

budget plan. BCWR helps forecast total
35. BAC (Budget at Completion): project costs and budget adjustments,
supporting proactive management of
Budget at Completion represents the total
resources and financial planning.
budgeted cost of a project when all work is
completed. BAC serves as the baseline for
comparing actual project costs and
performance throughout its lifecycle, 39. BCWS (Budgeted Cost of Work
helping to assess financial performance and Scheduled):
manage budgetary expectations.
Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled outlines
the planned costs for scheduled project
activities within a specific timeframe. BCWS
36. BC (Bill of Consumption): serves as a benchmark for comparing actual
costs and performance, facilitating budget
Bill of Consumption is a document used in
control, and schedule adherence throughout
procurement to track and record the
project execution.
consumption of goods or services within an
organization. It provides a detailed account
of quantities consumed, allowing for
accurate inventory management, cost 40. BEP (Best Estimated Performance):
allocation, and budget planning.
Best Estimated Performance refers to the
expected or projected performance level of
a system, process, or project based on
37. BCWP (Budgeted Cost of Work analysis, simulations, or historical data. BEP
Performed): helps set realistic goals, predict outcomes,
and optimize resource allocation for
Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
achieving desired performance metrics.
represents the value of completed work
according to the project budget plan at a
specific point in time. BCWP is a key metric
in earned value management, indicating 41. BGA (Ball Grid Array):
progress and performance relative to
Ball Grid Array is a packaging technology
planned costs and schedules.
used in integrated circuits (ICs) where solder
balls are arranged in a grid pattern on the
underside of the IC. BGA enhances electrical
38. BCWR (Budgeted Cost of Work connections, thermal dissipation, and
Remaining): reliability in electronic devices compared to
traditional packaging methods.
Budgeted Cost of Work Remaining estimates
the cost required to complete remaining

42. BIM (Building Information Modeling): required for manufacturing or assembling a

product.
Building Information Modeling is a digital
representation of physical and functional
characteristics of a building or infrastructure
46. BOQ (Bill of Quantities):
project. BIM integrates architecture,
engineering, and construction data into a Bill of Quantities is a document used in
unified model, enhancing collaboration, construction and procurement that lists and
visualization, and project management describes the quantities of materials, parts,
throughout the lifecycle. and labor required to complete a project.
BOQ facilitates accurate cost estimation,
tendering, and contract administration
43. BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand): during project execution.

Biological Oxygen Demand measures the

amount of oxygen consumed by
47. BOS (Bill of Services):
microorganisms during the decomposition of
organic matter in water. BOD is a key Bill of Services outlines the scope, terms, and
indicator of water quality and pollution conditions of services to be provided by a
levels, influencing environmental contractor or service provider. BOS includes
assessments, wastewater treatment details such as service descriptions,
processes, and regulatory compliance. deliverables, pricing, and timelines, ensuring
clarity and agreement between parties
involved in service contracts.
44. BOM (Bill of Materials):

Bill of Materials is a comprehensive list of

48. BPA (Blanket Purchase Agreement):
components, parts, and materials required
to manufacture a product or assemble a Blanket Purchase Agreement is a long-term
system. BOM specifies quantities, procurement contract between a buyer and
descriptions, and sourcing details for each a supplier for recurring goods or services.
item, guiding procurement, production BPA establishes terms and conditions,
planning, and inventory management. pricing, and delivery requirements,
streamlining purchasing processes and
ensuring consistency in supply management.
45. BOM (Bill of Material):

In some contexts, Bill of Material refers to

49. BPO (Business Process Outsourcing):
the same concept as explained above—a
detailed list of components and materials Business Process Outsourcing involves
contracting specific business functions or

processes to external service providers. BPO charges to transport them to a named port
aims to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and of destination. C&F requires the seller to
focus internal resources on core activities, arrange and pay for transportation to the
leveraging specialized expertise and agreed-upon port, while the buyer assumes
scalability offered by outsourcing partners. responsibility once the goods are loaded
onto the ship.

50. BQ (Bill of Quantity):

53. C&I (Control and Instrumentation):
Bill of Quantity is another term referring to
the document listing and detailing the Control and Instrumentation refers to the
quantities of materials, components, and discipline involving the design,
labor required for construction or implementation, and maintenance of control
manufacturing projects. BQ serves as a basis
systems and instruments used in industrial
for cost estimation, procurement, and processes, automation, and machinery. C&I
project planning, ensuring accurate resource professionals ensure efficient operation,
allocation. monitoring, and control of processes
through sensors, actuators, and control
systems.
51. BR (Bill of Rights):

Bill of Rights refers to a formal statement or

document outlining fundamental rights and 54. C&P (Contract and Purchase):
freedoms guaranteed to individuals or
citizens by law. BR ensures protection against Contract and Purchase involves the
infringement of civil liberties and establishes procurement process where contracts are
principles of justice, equality, and due established and purchases are made for
process in democratic societies. goods, services, or works required by an
organization. C&P encompasses sourcing,
negotiating contracts, managing supplier

C
relationships, and ensuring compliance with
procurement policies and regulations.

55. CA (Change Accumulation):

52. C&F (Cost and Freight): Change Accumulation refers to the process
of tracking and documenting cumulative
Cost and Freight is an Incoterm used in changes or modifications made to a project,
international trade where the seller is system, or document over time. CA helps
responsible for the cost of goods and freight maintain a comprehensive record of

alterations, updates, and revisions, ensuring 59. CC (Cost Code):

transparency and accountability in change
management. Cost Code is a unique identifier used in
project accounting and cost management to
categorize expenses, labor, or materials
associated with specific activities or tasks. CC
56. CAD (Computer-Aided Design): facilitates cost tracking, budget allocation,
and financial reporting, ensuring accurate
Computer-Aided Design utilizes software
cost control and analysis in project
tools to create, modify, analyze, and optimize
management.
designs for products, buildings, or
mechanical systems. CAD enhances design
accuracy, efficiency, and collaboration
among architects, engineers, and designers 60. CCA (Copper Clad Aluminum):
by providing 2D and 3D modeling
capabilities. Copper Clad Aluminum is a composite
material consisting of an aluminum core
covered with a layer of copper. CCA is used in
electrical wiring and applications where
57. CAL (Calibration): conductivity of copper is required but with
reduced weight and cost compared to solid
Calibration involves comparing
copper.
measurements of a device, instrument, or
system against a standard to ensure accuracy
and reliability. CAL is essential in maintaining
quality control, compliance with regulatory 61. CCC (Cost Control Center):
standards, and optimal performance of
equipment in various fields such as Cost Control Center refers to a designated
manufacturing, healthcare, and research. entity or department within an organization
responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and
managing costs related to operations,
projects, or departments. CCC helps
58. CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): optimize resource allocation, identify cost-
saving opportunities, and ensure adherence
Capital Expenditure refers to funds used by a
to budgetary constraints.
company to acquire, upgrade, or maintain
physical assets such as buildings, equipment,
or infrastructure. CAPEX investments are
long-term and strategic, aimed at enhancing 62. CCM (Claims and Contract
operational efficiency, productivity, and Management):
competitive advantage.
Claims and Contract Management involves
the process of handling disputes, claims, and

legal issues arising from contracts or execution while ensuring contractual

agreements between parties. CCM includes compliance.
negotiation, resolution, and documentation
of claims to mitigate risks and protect the
interests of involved parties.
66. CDA (Construction Design and
Administration):

63. CCP (Critical Control Point): Construction Design and Administration

involves the planning, design, and oversight
Critical Control Point is a specific step or of construction projects, encompassing
stage in a manufacturing, production, or architectural, engineering, and
food processing process where control administrative tasks. CDA ensures project
measures are applied to prevent, eliminate, feasibility, regulatory compliance, and
or reduce hazards to acceptable levels. CCP successful project delivery through
is crucial in ensuring product safety, quality, comprehensive design and project
and regulatory compliance in various management practices.
industries.

67. CDS (Concept Design Study):

64. CCR (Contract Change Request):
Concept Design Study explores initial design
Contract Change Request is a formal concepts and ideas for a project to evaluate
document used to propose modifications, feasibility, functionality, and potential
revisions, or amendments to the terms, outcomes. CDS involves conceptualization,
scope, or conditions of a contract. CCR analysis, and preliminary design
initiates the change control process, development, providing a basis for decision-
facilitating review, approval, and making and further development stages.
implementation of contract changes to
accommodate evolving project
requirements.
68. CE (Civil Engineering):

Civil Engineering encompasses the planning,

65. CD (Change Directives): design, construction, and maintenance of
infrastructure projects such as roads,
Change Directives are interim instructions or bridges, buildings, and water systems. CE
orders issued by a client or project owner to professionals apply scientific principles and
initiate urgent changes to the scope, design, engineering techniques to address societal
or specifications of a project before a formal needs for safe and sustainable
contract amendment can be executed. CD infrastructure.
allows for timely adjustments to project

Claim Event Report documents and reports

incidents, claims, or disputes arising during
69. CE Mark (Conformité Européene Mark): project execution or contract performance.
CER includes details of events, impacts, and
CE Mark indicates compliance with European
proposed resolutions, facilitating claims
Union (EU) health, safety, and environmental
management, risk mitigation, and
protection standards for products sold
contractual dispute resolution.
within the EU and European Economic Area
(EEA). CE Marking is mandatory for certain
product categories, ensuring conformity to
EU regulations and unrestricted market 73. CFA (Cost and Freight Analysis):
access.
Cost and Freight Analysis involves evaluating
transportation costs, logistics expenses, and
freight charges associated with shipping
70. CEM (Commissioning, Engineering, and goods internationally. CFA helps assess total
Maintenance): shipping costs, optimize logistics routes, and
make informed decisions regarding supply
Commissioning, Engineering, and chain management and cost efficiency.
Maintenance encompasses the lifecycle
phases of a facility or asset, including initial
commissioning, ongoing engineering
support, and regular maintenance activities. 74. CFR (Cost Forecast Report):
CEM ensures operational readiness,
reliability, and longevity of infrastructure Cost Forecast Report provides projections
through systematic planning and execution. and estimates of future project expenditures
based on current performance data and
trends. CFR assists in budget planning,
financial forecasting, and decision-making by
71. CEP (Continuous Engineering Process): predicting potential cost overruns or savings
throughout the project lifecycle.
Continuous Engineering Process refers to
iterative and continuous improvement
methods applied to product design,
development, and manufacturing processes. 75. CFT (Cubic Feet):
CEP emphasizes collaboration, agility, and
responsiveness to customer feedback, Cubic Feet is a unit of measurement used to
enhancing product quality, innovation, and quantify volume, particularly in shipping and
time-to-market efficiency. logistics to determine the capacity or space
occupied by goods. CFT calculates the
amount of space available or required for
storage, transportation, or packaging of
72. CER (Claim Event Report): products based on their dimensions.

79. CIS (Contractual Information System):

76. CIArb (Chartered Institute of Contractual Information System manages

Arbitrators): and organizes information related to
contracts, agreements, and legal documents
Chartered Institute of Arbitrators is a within an organization. CIS facilitates
professional body that promotes alternative document storage, retrieval, and compliance
dispute resolution (ADR) methods such as monitoring, ensuring transparency,
arbitration and mediation. CIArb provides accessibility, and accuracy in contract
training, certification, and accreditation to management processes.
arbitrators and mediators globally,
promoting excellence and professionalism in
ADR practices.
80. CM (Construction Manager):

Construction Manager oversees and

77. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight): coordinates construction projects from
planning and design phases through to
Cost, Insurance, and Freight is an Incoterm completion. CM manages subcontractors,
where the seller is responsible for the cost of schedules, budgets, and regulatory
goods, insurance, and freight charges to compliance, ensuring projects are delivered
transport them to a named port of on time, within budget, and to quality
destination. CIF requires the seller to arrange standards.
and pay for insurance and transportation to
the agreed-upon port, with the buyer
assuming responsibility upon arrival.
81. CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine):

Coordinate Measuring Machine is a precision

78. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): measuring device used in manufacturing and
quality control to accurately determine the
Carriage and Insurance Paid To is an dimensions and geometrical characteristics
Incoterm where the seller is responsible for of objects. CMM enhances accuracy,
the cost of goods, insurance, and consistency, and reliability in dimensional
transportation to deliver them to a named inspection and metrology processes.
place of destination. CIP requires the seller
to arrange and pay for insurance and
transportation to the agreed-upon location,
with the buyer assuming responsibility upon 82. CNC (Computer Numerical Control):
delivery.
Computer Numerical Control involves
automated control of machine tools and
equipment through programmed

instructions (code). CNC systems enable product reliability and regulatory

precise, efficient, and repeatable compliance.
manufacturing processes for complex parts
and components in industries such as
aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing.
86. COD (Cash on Delivery):

Cash on Delivery is a payment method where

83. CO (Change Order): payment is made in cash upon delivery of
goods or completion of services. COD allows
Change Order is a formal document that buyers to inspect products before making
modifies the scope, schedule, or budget of a payment, reducing risks for both buyers and
construction or service contract. CO sellers in transactions.
documents changes requested by the client
or project owner, specifying revised terms,
conditions, and costs, and facilitating
87. COGS (Cost of Goods Sold):
contractual adjustments and project
management. Cost of Goods Sold represents the direct
costs incurred in producing or acquiring
goods sold by a company. COGS includes
84. COA (Certificate of Analysis): expenses such as materials, labor, and
manufacturing overhead directly attributed
Certificate of Analysis is a document issued to the production of goods, impacting
by a quality assurance or testing laboratory profitability and financial reporting.
that verifies the quality, composition, and
characteristics of a product based on testing
and analysis. COA ensures compliance with
88. COM (Certificate of Manufacture):
specifications, standards, and regulatory
requirements, supporting product quality Certificate of Manufacture is a document
assurance and regulatory compliance. issued by a manufacturer or supplier
confirming the production, manufacturing
process, and quality control measures
85. COC (Certificate of Compliance): employed in the fabrication of goods or
products. COM verifies compliance with
Certificate of Compliance is a document specifications and contractual requirements,
issued by an authorized body or ensuring product authenticity and reliability.
manufacturer certifying that a product,
service, or system meets specified
requirements, standards, or regulations.
89. COO (Certificate of Origin):
COC confirms conformity with quality, safety,
and environmental standards, ensuring

Certificate of Origin is a document issued by delivery processes. CP ensures consistency,

an authorized body or chamber of reliability, and compliance with quality
commerce certifying the country of origin of standards, reducing defects and enhancing
goods exported from one country to another. product or service reliability.
COO facilitates customs clearance,
determines tariff rates, and complies with
trade agreements and import/export
93. CPA (Cost Performance Analysis):
regulations.
Cost Performance Analysis evaluates the
financial performance of a project or
90. COQ (Cost of Quality): business by comparing actual costs incurred
against budgeted costs or performance
Cost of Quality refers to the total expenses targets. CPA identifies variances, cost trends,
incurred by a company to ensure product or and financial efficiencies or inefficiencies,
service quality, including prevention costs, supporting informed decision-making and
appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and corrective actions.
external failure costs. COQ analysis helps
identify inefficiencies, reduce defects, and
improve overall quality management
94. CPE (Customer Provided Equipment):
practices.
Customer Provided Equipment refers to
hardware or devices supplied by a customer
91. COS (Cost of Sales): for integration, installation, or use in a
project, service, or system provided by a
Cost of Sales represents the direct costs vendor or service provider. CPE ensures
attributable to the production or acquisition compatibility, functionality, and operational
of goods sold by a company during a specific readiness of equipment within the overall
period. COS includes expenses such as solution or service delivery.
materials, labor, and manufacturing
overhead directly related to generating
revenue through sales, impacting gross
95. CPFF (Cost Plus Fixed Fee):
profit margins and financial performance.
Cost Plus Fixed Fee is a contract pricing
structure where a contractor is reimbursed
92. CP (Control Plan): for allowable costs incurred during project
execution, plus a predetermined fixed fee or
Control Plan is a documented framework percentage of total costs. CPFF contracts
outlining quality control measures, provide cost transparency, risk sharing, and
procedures, and checkpoints implemented financial incentives for efficient cost
during manufacturing, production, or service management and performance.

Chief Procurement Officer is a senior

executive responsible for overseeing and
96. CPI (Cost Performance Index): managing an organization's procurement
strategy, operations, and supplier
Cost Performance Index is a metric used in
relationships. CPO develops procurement
earned value management to assess the
policies, optimizes purchasing processes,
efficiency of cost performance on a project.
and aligns procurement activities with
CPI compares the value of work completed
corporate goals and financial objectives.
(earned value) to the actual costs incurred
(actual cost), indicating whether costs are
over budget (CPI < 1), under budget (CPI > 1),
or on budget (CPI = 1). 100. CPPC (Cost Plus Percentage of Cost):

Cost Plus Percentage of Cost is a contract

pricing structure where a contractor is
97. CPK (Capability Process Index): reimbursed for allowable costs incurred
during project execution, plus a percentage
Capability Process Index evaluates the
of total costs as a fixed fee. CPPC contracts
capability of a manufacturing or production
incentivize cost control and efficiency while
process to meet specifications and quality
providing transparency in cost
requirements. CPK measures process
reimbursement and financial management.
variability and performance relative to
tolerance limits, ensuring consistent product
quality and compliance with customer
expectations. 101. CPR (Cost Performance Report):

Cost Performance Report provides detailed

analysis and documentation of project cost
98. CPM (Critical Path Method): performance, comparing planned budget
costs to actual expenditures. CPR highlights
Critical Path Method is a project
variances, trends, and financial metrics,
management technique used to schedule
facilitating project oversight, decision-
and sequence activities required to complete
making, and corrective actions to ensure
a project within a specified timeframe. CPM
budget compliance and financial
identifies the critical path—sequence of
accountability.
tasks with no slack time—to prioritize
activities, allocate resources, and manage
project schedules effectively.
102. CPRA (Cost Performance Report
Assessment):

99. CPO (Chief Procurement Officer):

Cost Performance Report Assessment Cost Performance Report Index is a

evaluates and reviews the findings, calculated value derived from a Cost
conclusions, and recommendations Performance Report to measure and assess
presented in a Cost Performance Report. project cost efficiency and performance.
CPRA assesses the accuracy, reliability, and CPRI compares planned budget costs to
relevance of cost performance data to actual expenditures, indicating cost overruns
support informed decision-making and (CPRI < 1), savings (CPRI > 1), or on-budget
improve project financial management performance (CPRI = 1).
practices.

106. CPRM (Cost Performance Report

103. CPRB (Cost Performance Report Manager):
Breakdown):
Cost Performance Report Manager oversees
Cost Performance Report Breakdown the preparation, analysis, and distribution of
provides a breakdown and detailed analysis Cost Performance Reports within a project or
of cost performance metrics, variances, and organization. CPRM ensures accuracy,
trends documented in a Cost Performance timeliness, and comprehensiveness of cost
Report. CPRB identifies specific cost performance data, supporting effective
elements, expenditures, and financial factors project financial management and decision-
influencing project performance, aiding in making.
cost control and budget management.

107. CPRP (Cost Performance Report

104. CPRE (Cost Performance Report Progress):
Element):
Cost Performance Report Progress provides
Cost Performance Report Element refers to updates and status reports on project cost
individual components, factors, or segments performance, highlighting achievements,
included in a Cost Performance Report that challenges, and milestones relative to
contribute to overall project cost analysis planned budget costs. CPRP informs
and evaluation. CPRE categorizes and stakeholders, facilitates communication, and
organizes cost data to facilitate detailed monitors progress toward financial
assessment, reporting, and management of objectives and project goals.
project finances.

108. CPRR (Cost Performance Report

105. CPRI (Cost Performance Report Review):
Index):

Cost Performance Report Review involves Common Procurement Vocabulary is a

assessing and evaluating the findings, standardized classification system used
conclusions, and recommendations across the European Union (EU) to
presented in a Cost Performance Report. categorize and classify goods, services, and
CPRR ensures accuracy, reliability, and works for procurement purposes. CPV
relevance of cost performance data, facilitates efficient procurement processes,
supporting informed decision-making and tendering, and contract management within
corrective actions in project financial the EU single market.
management.

112. CQC (Continuous Quality Control):

109. CPRV (Cost Performance Report
Variance): Continuous Quality Control involves ongoing
monitoring, evaluation, and improvement of
Cost Performance Report Variance identifies processes, products, or services to ensure
and analyzes deviations or discrepancies consistent quality standards and compliance
between planned budget costs and actual with requirements. CQC focuses on
expenditures documented in a Cost identifying defects, optimizing performance,
Performance Report. CPRV highlights cost and enhancing customer satisfaction
variances, trends, and factors influencing through systematic quality management
project financial performance, guiding practices.
corrective actions and budget adjustments.

113. CR (Change Request):

110. CPT (Carriage Paid To):
Change Request is a formal document or
Carriage Paid To is an Incoterm where the process used to propose modifications,
seller is responsible for the cost of goods and alterations, or additions to project scope,
transportation to deliver them to a named requirements, or deliverables. CR initiates
place of destination. CPT requires the seller change control procedures, enabling review,
to arrange and pay for transportation to the evaluation, and approval of changes to
agreed-upon location, with the buyer ensure alignment with project objectives
assuming responsibility upon delivery. and stakeholder expectations.

111. CPV (Common Procurement 114. CRA (Contract Review Board

Vocabulary): Approval):

Contract Review Board Approval refers to the associated with proposed changes to project
formal approval process conducted by a scope, requirements, or deliverables. CRV
designated review board or committee to quantifies the financial impact of changes,
assess and authorize contracts, agreements, facilitating cost-benefit analysis, budget
or legal documents. CRA ensures contractual adjustments, and decision-making in change
compliance, risk mitigation, and alignment management processes.
with organizational policies and objectives.

118. CSC (Contract Security

115. CRL (Change Request Log): Classification):

Change Request Log maintains a Contract Security Classification categorizes

chronological record of all change requests and designates the sensitivity,
submitted, including details such as confidentiality, or security level of contracts,
requestor, description of change, status, and agreements, or documents based on
outcomes. CRL tracks change management regulatory requirements or organizational
activities, facilitates communication, and policies. CSC ensures appropriate handling,
supports audit trails for documenting and access control, and protection of sensitive
managing project changes. information and intellectual property.

116. CRM (Customer Relationship 119. CTR (Change Trend Review):

Management):
Change Trend Review assesses patterns,
Customer Relationship Management trends, and recurring issues identified
involves strategies, technologies, and through change management processes or
practices used to manage and analyze project performance data. CTR analyzes the
interactions with current and potential frequency, impact, and implications of
customers. CRM aims to improve customer changes to improve change control
satisfaction, retention, and loyalty through strategies, mitigate risks, and enhance
effective customer engagement, project outcomes and efficiency.
communication, and personalized service
delivery.

120. CV (Cost Variance):

117. CRV (Change Request Value): Cost Variance measures the difference
between budgeted or planned costs and
Change Request Value refers to the actual expenditures incurred during project
estimated or actual monetary value execution. CV indicates whether costs are

over budget (CV < 0), under budget (CV > 0), financial accountability, and supports
or on budget (CV = 0), providing insights into corrective actions to manage project
cost performance and financial finances effectively.
management.

124. CWA (Contract Work Authorized):

121. CVA (Contractor Volume
Allowance): Contract Work Authorized refers to work,
activities, or tasks approved and authorized
Contractor Volume Allowance refers to under a contractual agreement or purchase
additional capacity or flexibility provided to order. CWA specifies scope, deliverables, and
a contractor to accommodate variations, terms of engagement, ensuring clarity,
fluctuations, or changes in project scope, accountability, and legal compliance in
requirements, or workload. CVA ensures project execution and contractual
operational readiness, resource availability, obligations.
and contractual flexibility in project
execution and delivery.

122. CVD (Countervailing Duties):

Countervailing Duties are tariffs or duties

D
imposed by a government on imported
125. DA (Delayed Activity):
goods to offset subsidies or financial
assistance provided to producers or Delayed Activity refers to a task or work item
exporters by another country. CVD aims to within a project schedule that has not been
level the playing field, prevent unfair trade completed on time, causing a delay in project
practices, and protect domestic industries progress or milestones. Identifying and
from subsidized imports. addressing delayed activities is crucial for
maintaining project timelines and ensuring
overall project success.
123. CVR (Cost Variance Report):

Cost Variance Report provides detailed

126. DAA (Delayed Authorization for
analysis and documentation of cost
Advancement):
variances between planned budget costs and
actual expenditures incurred during project
Delayed Authorization for Advancement
execution. CVR identifies factors
denotes a delay in granting approval or
contributing to cost differences, facilitates
authorization needed to proceed with the

next phase or stage of a project. DAA delays unload them at the frontier, with the buyer
can impact project schedules, resource assuming responsibility from that point.
allocation, and overall project delivery
timelines, requiring prompt resolution to
minimize disruptions.
130. DAP (Delivered at Place):

Delivered at Place is an Incoterm indicating

127. DAB (Dispute Adjudication Board): that the seller fulfills their obligation when
goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer
Dispute Adjudication Board is an at a named place of destination. DAP terms
independent panel or board established require the seller to bear all risks and costs
under a contract to resolve disputes associated with transporting goods to the
between parties involved in a project. DAB specified destination, excluding import
facilitates fair and impartial dispute duties and taxes.
resolution through adjudication, providing
recommendations or decisions to help
parties reach settlement and avoid legal
131. DB (Design Build):
escalation.
Design Build is a project delivery method
where a single entity, typically a contractor
128. DAE (Design Approval Entry): or design-build firm, is responsible for both
the design and construction phases of a
Design Approval Entry marks the formal project. DB streamlines project
acceptance or approval of a specific design management, enhances collaboration, and
phase or milestone within a project. DAE can accelerate project schedules by
signifies completion of design reviews, integrating design and construction
validation of design requirements, and expertise.
readiness to proceed with subsequent
phases or activities in project execution.

132. DC (Direct Current):

129. DAF (Delivered at Frontier): Direct Current is an electrical current that

flows consistently in one direction without
Delivered at Frontier is an Incoterm reversing polarity. DC is commonly used in
specifying that the seller fulfills their electronics, telecommunications, and
obligation when goods are delivered to a certain power transmission applications
named place at the frontier (border) of the where steady and controlled electrical flow
country of importation. DAF terms require is required.
the seller to clear goods for export but not

133. DCC (Design Control Center): Document Control Register is a structured

log or database used to track and manage
Design Control Center is a centralized facility documents, records, or revisions within a
or department responsible for managing and project or organization. DCR records
coordinating design-related activities, essential details such as document numbers,
processes, and documentation within an titles, versions, revisions, approvals, and
organization or project. DCC ensures distribution, ensuring document traceability,
consistency, compliance with design accessibility, and compliance.
standards, and effective communication
across design teams and stakeholders.

137. DCS (Distributed Control System):

134. DCN (Document Change Notice): Distributed Control System is a networked

system of controllers and computers used to
Document Change Notice is a formal monitor and control industrial processes,
notification or document used to machinery, or systems across multiple
communicate changes, revisions, or updates locations. DCS enhances process
to documents, drawings, specifications, or automation, real-time monitoring, and
other project-related documentation. DCN operational efficiency in industries such as
facilitates proper documentation control, manufacturing, utilities, and oil refining.
version management, and ensures
stakeholders are informed of document
modifications.
138. DD (Document Distribution):

Document Distribution involves the

135. DCP (Data Collection Plan): systematic dissemination and delivery of
project documents, reports, or information
Data Collection Plan outlines procedures, to relevant stakeholders, teams, or
methods, and strategies for gathering and recipients. DD ensures timely access to
collecting data during project execution or critical information, facilitates
research activities. DCP defines data sources, communication, and supports collaboration
collection intervals, sampling techniques, across project phases and organizational
and quality assurance measures to ensure departments.
accurate and reliable data for analysis and
decision-making.

139. DDL (Data Delivery List):

136. DCR (Document Control Register): Data Delivery List is a comprehensive

inventory or schedule specifying the types,
formats, and delivery requirements for data,

documents, or information to be submitted both the rising and falling edges of the clock
as project deliverables. DDL outlines data signal. DDR enhances memory bandwidth
submission deadlines, formats, and and speed, improving overall performance in
compliance criteria to meet project computing systems and applications
requirements and contractual obligations. requiring high data throughput.

140. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): 143. DDS (Document Distribution

System):
Delivered Duty Paid is an Incoterm indicating
that the seller assumes responsibility for all Document Distribution System is a software
costs, risks, and import duties/taxes or platform designed to automate and
associated with delivering goods to a named streamline the distribution, management,
destination specified by the buyer. DDP and tracking of documents, reports, or
terms require the seller to clear goods for information within an organization or
importation and deliver them ready for project. DDS enhances document control,
unloading at the buyer's premises or accessibility, and collaboration by providing
designated place. secure, centralized access to critical project
information.

141. DDP-Incoterm (Delivered Duty Paid

Incoterm): 144. DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid):

Delivered Duty Paid Incoterm specifies the Delivered Duty Unpaid is an Incoterm
seller's responsibility to deliver goods to the indicating that the seller fulfills their
buyer at a named place of destination, obligation by delivering goods to a named
covering all costs, risks, and import destination specified by the buyer, excluding
duties/taxes until goods are unloaded and import duties, taxes, and customs clearance
made available to the buyer. DDP-Incoterm costs. DDU terms require the buyer to bear
facilitates international trade by clarifying all risks and costs associated with customs
seller and buyer obligations for clearance and importation upon delivery.
import/export transactions.

145. DES (Delivered Ex Ship):

142. DDR (Double Data Rate):
Delivered Ex Ship is an Incoterm where the
Double Data Rate refers to a technology used seller fulfills their obligation by delivering
in synchronous dynamic random-access goods to the buyer on board a vessel at the
memory (SDRAM) to enable data transfer on named port of destination. DES terms

require the seller to arrange and pay for environmental regulations and sustainability
transportation to the port of destination, goals.
with the buyer assuming responsibility upon
goods' arrival and unloading.

149. DFL (Document Filing Log):

146. DF (Document Filing): Document Filing Log is a chronological record

or register documenting the filing, storage,
Document Filing involves organizing, storing, and retrieval of project documents, reports,
and maintaining project documents, records, or records within a document management
or information in a structured manner for system or filing system. DFL tracks document
easy retrieval, reference, and compliance. DF handling, access history, and ensures
ensures document traceability, accessibility, compliance with document retention
and integrity throughout project lifecycle policies and regulatory requirements.
stages and facilitates efficient document
management practices.

150. DFM (Design for Manufacturability):

147. DFA (Design for Assembly): Design for Manufacturability focuses on

optimizing product design to enhance
Design for Assembly is a methodology aimed manufacturing efficiency, reduce production
at optimizing product design to simplify and costs, and improve product quality. DFM
streamline assembly processes, reducing integrates manufacturability considerations
manufacturing costs and cycle times. DFA early in the design process, addressing
emphasizes component standardization, materials, processes, and assembly methods
modular design, and ergonomic to streamline production and ensure design
considerations to enhance production feasibility.
efficiency and product quality.

151. DFP (Document Filing Plan):

148. DFD (Design for Disassembly):
Document Filing Plan outlines policies,
Design for Disassembly is an approach in procedures, and guidelines for organizing,
product design focused on facilitating classifying, and filing project documents,
efficient and environmentally responsible reports, or records within a document
dismantling, recycling, or disposal of management system or filing structure. DFP
products at the end of their lifecycle. DFD ensures systematic document control,
minimizes material waste, promotes reuse of retrieval efficiency, and compliance with
components, and complies with document management standards and
practices.

155. DGS (Detail General Specification):

152. DFR (Document Filing Register): Detail General Specification provides

comprehensive and detailed technical
Document Filing Register is a centralized requirements, standards, and specifications
database or registry maintaining for materials, components, or systems used
comprehensive records of filed project in construction, engineering, or
documents, reports, or information within manufacturing projects. DGS ensures
an organization or project. DFR tracks consistency, quality assurance, and
document metadata, versions, approvals, compliance with project specifications and
and access permissions, ensuring document industry standards.
traceability, integrity, and regulatory
compliance.

156. DIFOT (Delivery In Full on Time):

153. DFT (Dry Film Thickness): Delivery In Full on Time measures the
performance metric indicating the
Dry Film Thickness measures the thickness of percentage of orders or deliveries completed
a coating, paint, or film applied to a substrate accurately and on schedule without delays or
surface once it has cured or dried. DFT shortages. DIFOT assesses supply chain
evaluation ensures coating quality, efficiency, logistics performance, and
durability, and adherence to specified customer satisfaction by evaluating delivery
thickness requirements for corrosion reliability and fulfillment capabilities.
protection, aesthetics, and performance in
industrial applications.

157. DIN (Deutsches Institut für

Normung):
154. DFW (Document Filing Workflow):
Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) is the
Document Filing Workflow outlines German Institute for Standardization
sequential steps, tasks, and approvals responsible for developing technical
involved in the filing, storage, retrieval, and standards and specifications across various
management of project documents, reports, industries and sectors. DIN standards
or records within an organization or promote quality, safety, interoperability, and
document management system. DFW consistency in products, processes, and
streamlines document handling processes, services within the global marketplace.
enhances collaboration, and ensures
compliance with document control
procedures.

158. DIS (German Institution of 161. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze,

Arbitration): Improve, Control):

German Institution of Arbitration (DIS) is an DMAIC is a structured problem-solving

independent organization facilitating methodology used in Six Sigma and process
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) through improvement initiatives to systematically
arbitration and mediation services in define, measure, analyze, improve, and
Germany and internationally. DIS promotes control processes and performance. DMAIC
fair, efficient, and confidential resolution of aims to identify root causes of issues,
commercial disputes, offering specialized implement corrective actions, and sustain
expertise and procedural frameworks for process improvements to achieve quality,
dispute resolution. efficiency, and customer satisfaction goals.

159. DL (Delivery Lead Time): 162. DMC (Direct Material Cost):

Delivery Lead Time represents the duration Direct Material Cost represents the expenses
or period required to fulfill an order or incurred for purchasing or acquiring raw
deliver goods from the time of order materials, components, or supplies directly
placement to final delivery to the customer used in manufacturing, production, or
or designated location. DL includes service delivery. DMC excludes indirect costs
processing, production, transportation, and and overhead expenses, providing insight
logistics activities, influencing supply chain into material cost management, pricing
planning, inventory management, and strategies, and cost analysis in business
customer service levels. operations.

160. DLT (Delivery Lead Time): 163. DMS (Document Management

System):
Delivery Lead Time denotes the time
required for delivering products or services Document Management System is a
from order placement to customer receipt or software platform or system designed to
fulfillment. DLT encompasses order capture, store, manage, and track electronic
processing, production, shipping, and documents, files, and records throughout
delivery phases, influencing supply chain their lifecycle. DMS facilitates document
efficiency, customer satisfaction, and creation, version control, access
operational planning in business operations. management, and retrieval, enhancing
collaboration, compliance, and efficiency in
document-intensive environments.

167. DPO (Designated Procurement

Officer):
164. DN (Delivery Note):
Designated Procurement Officer is an
Delivery Note is a document accompanying authorized individual or role responsible for
goods during shipment, providing details managing and overseeing procurement
such as item descriptions, quantities, and activities, processes, and supplier
conditions at the time of delivery. DN serves relationships within an organization. DPO
as proof of delivery to the recipient and ensures strategic sourcing, cost-effective
supports inventory management, invoicing, procurement practices, contract compliance,
and reconciliation processes in supply chain and supplier performance to support
and logistics operations. operational objectives and project
requirements.

165. DOC (Document):

168. DPR (Detailed Project Report):
Document refers to any recorded
information or content, including text, Detailed Project Report is a comprehensive
images, data, or multimedia, captured in document presenting detailed analysis,
physical or electronic form. DOC planning, feasibility assessment, and
encompasses reports, plans, specifications, financial projections for a proposed project
drawings, contracts, and correspondence, or initiative. DPR outlines project scope,
serving as essential records for objectives, timelines, resource
communication, decision-making, and requirements, risks, and expected outcomes,
documentation in project management and supporting decision-making, funding
business operations. approvals, and project implementation.

166. DP (Delivery Performance): 169. DQ (Data Quality):

Delivery Performance measures the Data Quality refers to the accuracy,
efficiency and reliability of delivering goods completeness, consistency, reliability, and
or services to customers according to timeliness of data collected, processed, and
agreed-upon specifications, schedules, and maintained within organizational systems or
quality standards. DP metrics assess order databases. DQ ensures data integrity,
fulfillment, lead times, accuracy, and usability, and relevance for informed
customer satisfaction, influencing supply decision-making, operational efficiency, and
chain management, logistics optimization, compliance with regulatory requirements.
and operational performance.

170. DR (Document Register): 173. DRR (Document Review and

Release):
Document Register is a formal log or
database recording essential details and Document Review and Release is a formal
metadata of project documents, reports, or process or workflow involving thorough
records, including titles, versions, revisions, examination, verification, and approval of
approvals, and access permissions. DR project documents, reports, or deliverables
facilitates document tracking, retrieval, before distribution or publication. DRR
version control, and compliance with ensures document accuracy, completeness,
document management standards and compliance, and readiness for use by
regulatory requirements. stakeholders, supporting quality assurance
and project documentation standards.

171. DRB (Dispute Review Board):

174. DRS (Document Review System):
Dispute Review Board is an independent
panel or committee established under a Document Review System is a software
contract to resolve disputes and claims platform or tool designed to automate and
arising between parties involved in streamline the review, approval, and release
construction projects. DRB conducts process of project documents, reports, or
impartial reviews, assesses facts, and deliverables within an organization. DRS
provides recommendations or decisions to enhances document control, collaboration,
facilitate dispute resolution, minimize and efficiency by facilitating structured
project delays, and mitigate legal risks. workflows, version tracking, and audit trails.

172. DRF (Document Reference File): 175. DS (Design Services):

Document Reference File is a structured Design Services encompass specialized

repository or system organizing and storing professional services and expertise provided
references, citations, or cross-references to by architects, engineers, designers, or
project documents, reports, or information consultants involved in planning,
for easy retrieval and access. DRF enhances conceptualization, and development of
document traceability, research, and projects. DS includes design analysis,
information management, supporting drafting, modeling, and consultation to meet
efficient document referencing and usage in client requirements, regulatory standards,
project activities. and project specifications.

176. DSC (Document Status Report): 179. DVA (Document Version Approval):

Document Status Report provides updated Document Version Approval is the formal
information and insights on the current authorization process for approving and
status, progress, and availability of project validating the release or distribution of
documents, reports, or deliverables within a revised versions or updates to project
document management system or documents, reports, or deliverables. DVA
repository. DSC facilitates document ensures document accuracy, compliance
tracking, monitoring, and communication, with standards, and readiness for
supporting project transparency, dissemination, supporting document control
accountability, and decision-making. and quality management processes.

177. DSO (Days Sales Outstanding): 180. DVC (Direct Vendor Cost):

Days Sales Outstanding measures the Direct Vendor Cost represents the actual cost
average number of days it takes for a incurred by a vendor or supplier to produce,
company to collect payments from manufacture, or provide goods or services to
customers after making sales. DSO evaluates a buyer or customer. DVC includes direct
accounts receivable management, cash flow material, labor, and overhead expenses
efficiency, and credit policies, indicating directly attributable to producing specific
financial health, liquidity, and effectiveness products or fulfilling contractual obligations,
of revenue collection efforts in business influencing pricing, profitability, and supplier
operations. relationships.

178. DSRS (Document Status Report 181. DVP (Delivery versus Payment):
System):
Delivery versus Payment is a financial
Document Status Report System is a transaction method where payment is made
software application or platform designed to by a buyer to a seller only upon receipt or
generate, manage, and distribute document delivery of goods or services as agreed. DVP
status reports, updates, and notifications ensures simultaneous exchange of payment
within an organization or project team. DSRS and transfer of ownership, mitigating credit
automates document tracking, reporting, and settlement risks, and enhancing
and communication, enhancing visibility, transaction security and transparency in
collaboration, and decision-making in commercial transactions.
document-intensive environments.

design and operational teams, promoting

E
effective project execution and
maintenance.

185. EAC (Estimate at Completion):

182. E&I (Electrical and Instrumentation): Estimate at Completion is a financial metric

used in project management to forecast the
Electrical and Instrumentation refers to the total cost of a project upon its completion.
specialized field within engineering focused EAC is calculated by combining actual costs
on the design, installation, and maintenance incurred to date with the estimated costs
of electrical systems and instrumentation required to complete the remaining work,
used for monitoring, controlling, and providing insights into budget management
automating industrial processes. E&I ensures and project cost control.
operational efficiency, safety, and
compliance with technical standards.

186. EBS (Estimate at Completion):

183. E&M (Engineering and Estimate at Completion, also abbreviated as

Manufacturing): EBS in some contexts, refers to the same
concept as EAC, projecting the final cost of a
Engineering and Manufacturing combines project based on current expenditures and
engineering principles with manufacturing remaining budget estimates. EBS helps in
processes to design, develop, and produce identifying potential cost overruns and
products or components. E&M focuses on enables corrective actions to stay within
optimizing production techniques, budget.
improving product quality, and ensuring
efficient use of resources to meet industry
standards and customer requirements.
187. ECO (Engineering Change Order):

Engineering Change Order is a formal

184. E&O (Engineering and Operations): document issued to authorize and
implement changes or modifications to
Engineering and Operations involve the engineering designs, specifications, or
integration of engineering practices with processes. ECO ensures that proposed
operational activities to enhance the changes are reviewed, approved, and
performance, reliability, and efficiency of documented, maintaining control over
industrial systems and processes. E&O project scope and design integrity.
ensures seamless collaboration between

188. ECR (Engineering Change Request): 191. EDR (Electronic Document Register):

Engineering Change Request is a formal Electronic Document Register is an organized

proposal submitted to suggest changes or system or database for recording and
improvements to existing engineering tracking electronic documents, their
designs, components, or systems. ECR versions, revisions, and metadata. EDR
undergoes evaluation and approval facilitates efficient document retrieval,
processes to assess the impact and feasibility control, and management, ensuring
of the proposed changes, ensuring transparency and traceability in document
continuous improvement and innovation. handling processes.

189. EDDR (Engineering Document 192. EHS (Environment, Health, and

Deliverable Register): Safety):

Engineering Document Deliverable Register Environment, Health, and Safety

is a comprehensive log or database used to encompasses policies, practices, and
track and manage the submission, review, regulations aimed at protecting the
and approval of engineering documents and environment, ensuring the health and well-
deliverables. EDDR ensures timely delivery, being of employees, and maintaining safe
proper documentation control, and working conditions. EHS programs focus on
compliance with project requirements and minimizing workplace hazards, preventing
standards. accidents, and promoting sustainable
practices in organizational operations.

190. EDMS (Electronic Document

193. EI (Engineering Instruction):
Management System):
Engineering Instruction is a directive or
Electronic Document Management System is
guideline issued to provide technical
a software platform designed to capture,
specifications, procedures, or standards for
store, manage, and track electronic
engineering tasks and activities. EI ensures
documents and records. EDMS enhances
consistency, quality, and compliance with
document accessibility, collaboration,
project requirements and industry
version control, and compliance with
standards, guiding engineers in executing
regulatory requirements, streamlining
their work effectively and safely.
document management processes in
organizations.

194. EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance): total costs of inventory, including ordering,
holding, and stockout costs. EOQ helps
Electronic Industries Alliance was a trade businesses manage inventory efficiently,
organization representing the electronics reduce costs, and maintain sufficient stock
industry in developing standards, promoting levels to meet demand.
innovation, and advocating for industry
interests. EIA played a key role in establishing
technical standards for electronic
198. EOT (Extension of Time):
components, systems, and practices,
fostering industry growth and technological Extension of Time is a contractual provision
advancement. allowing a contractor additional time to
complete a project beyond the originally
agreed-upon deadline. EOT is granted due to
195. EL (Event List): unforeseen circumstances, delays, or
changes in project scope, helping to avoid
Event List is a comprehensive record of penalties and ensure project completion
planned and scheduled events, activities, or within realistic timeframes.
milestones within a project or organization.
EL helps in tracking progress, managing
timelines, and ensuring that all critical events
199. EOT (Extension of Time):
are executed as planned to achieve project
objectives and deliverables. (Same as above) Extension of Time provides
relief to contractors by extending the project
completion date, accommodating delays
196. EOI (Expression of Interest): caused by factors such as adverse weather,
supply chain disruptions, or changes in client
Expression of Interest is a formal indication requirements. EOT helps maintain
by a party, usually a potential supplier or contractual fairness and project viability.
contractor, expressing their willingness and
capability to participate in a project, tender,
or business opportunity. EOI helps
200. EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and
organizations gauge interest, prequalify
participants, and shortlist candidates for Construction):
further evaluation and selection. Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
is a project delivery method where a single
entity is responsible for the design,
197. EOQ (Economic Order Quantity): procurement of materials, and construction
of a project. EPC contracts streamline project
Economic Order Quantity is an inventory management, reduce risks, and ensure
management formula used to determine the accountability by integrating all project
optimal order quantity that minimizes the phases under one contract.

201. EPCC (Engineering, Procurement, 204. EQ (Equipment):

Construction, and Commissioning):
Equipment refers to the machinery, tools,
Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and devices used in manufacturing,
and Commissioning extends the EPC model construction, or other industrial activities.
by including commissioning activities, Proper management and maintenance of
ensuring that the project is not only built but equipment are essential for operational
also tested, verified, and handed over in efficiency, safety, and productivity in various
operational condition. EPCC contracts industries.
enhance project delivery by providing end-
to-end solutions.
205. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning):

202. EPCM (Engineering, Procurement, Enterprise Resource Planning is a software

system that integrates and automates core
Construction, and Management):
business processes, such as finance, human
Engineering, Procurement, Construction, resources, procurement, and supply chain
and Management is a project delivery management. ERP systems provide real-time
method where the contractor provides data, streamline operations, and improve
engineering, procurement, construction, decision-making by offering a unified view of
and management services. EPCM focuses on organizational activities.
project oversight and coordination, ensuring
that all phases are executed efficiently,
within budget, and according to 206. ERT (Emergency Response Team):
specifications.
Emergency Response Team is a designated
group of individuals trained to respond
quickly and effectively to emergencies, such
203. EPe (Engineering, Procurement,
as natural disasters, accidents, or security
Construction, and Commissioning):
threats. ERTs play a critical role in ensuring
Engineering, Procurement, Construction, safety, mitigating risks, and minimizing the
and Commissioning (EPe) is another term for impact of emergencies on people and
EPCC, emphasizing the inclusion of property.
commissioning activities in the project
delivery process. EPe contracts provide
comprehensive solutions from design to 207. ESD (Electrostatic Discharge):
operational readiness, ensuring project
success and client satisfaction. Electrostatic Discharge refers to the sudden
flow of electricity between two electrically

charged objects caused by contact or a to identify variances and take corrective

dielectric breakdown. ESD can damage actions.
electronic components and devices, making
ESD protection and control measures
essential in manufacturing and handling 210. EXW (Ex Works):
sensitive electronics.
Ex Works is an Incoterm indicating that the
seller fulfills their obligation by making goods
208. ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival): available at their premises or another named
place (factory, warehouse, etc.). The buyer
Estimated Time of Arrival is the predicted assumes all risks and costs associated with
time when a shipment, vehicle, or individual transporting the goods to the final
is expected to reach a specified destination. destination, including loading, shipping, and
ETA helps in planning, coordination, and customs clearance.
communication in logistics, transportation,
and travel, ensuring timely arrivals and
efficient scheduling. 211. EX-Work (Ex Works Incoterm):

Ex Works Incoterm (EXW) specifies that the

ETC (Estimate to Complete): seller's responsibility is limited to making the
goods available for pickup at their location.
Estimate to Complete is a project
The buyer is responsible for all subsequent
management metric that forecasts the
transportation, insurance, and import
additional cost required to finish the
duties. EXW is often used in international
remaining work in a project. ETC helps
trade to clarify the division of responsibilities
project managers assess budget
and costs between buyer and seller.
performance, allocate resources effectively,
and make informed decisions to keep the

F
project on track financially.

209. EV (Earned Value):

Earned Value is a project management

technique that measures project
performance and progress by comparing the
planned work with the actual work 212. FAB (Fabrication):
completed and the actual costs incurred. EV
Fabrication involves the process of
provides insights into project health, cost
constructing products or structures from raw
efficiency, and schedule adherence, helping
materials by cutting, shaping, and
assembling components. In EPC projects,

fabrication is a critical phase where materials operates as intended and satisfies the
like steel, piping, and equipment are client's requirements.
manufactured to meet project specifications
and quality standards before being delivered
to the construction site. 216. FC (Fixed Cost):

Fixed Cost refers to expenses that do not vary

213. FAS (Free Alongside Ship): with the level of production or project
activity. In EPC projects, fixed costs include
Free Alongside Ship is an Incoterm used in salaries, rent, and insurance, which remain
international trade, indicating that the seller constant regardless of project progress.
fulfills their obligation once the goods are Managing fixed costs is essential for accurate
placed alongside the vessel at the port of budgeting and financial planning.
shipment. The buyer is responsible for
loading, shipping, and any additional costs.
FAS is commonly used for sea or inland 217. FCA (Free Carrier):
waterway transport.
Free Carrier is an Incoterm where the seller
delivers goods to a carrier or another party
214. FAT (Factory Acceptance Test): nominated by the buyer at a specified place.
The seller is responsible for export clearance,
Factory Acceptance Test is a critical testing while the buyer assumes all risks and costs
phase conducted at the manufacturer's from that point onward. FCA is versatile and
facility to verify that equipment or systems applicable to various modes of transport.
meet specified requirements and function
correctly before shipment to the project site.
FAT ensures that any issues are identified and 218. FCE (Final Cost Estimate):
resolved before installation, reducing the risk
of on-site failures. Final Cost Estimate is a detailed projection of
all costs associated with completing an EPC
project. FCE includes expenses for
215. FAT (Final Acceptance Test): engineering, procurement, construction,
and commissioning. It serves as a baseline
Final Acceptance Test is conducted after the for budget management, financial planning,
installation and commissioning of and project cost control.
equipment or systems to confirm that they
meet all contractual and performance
specifications. Successful completion of FAT 219. FCL (Full Container Load):
is a prerequisite for project handover,
ensuring that the delivered solution Full Container Load refers to a shipping
method where a container is exclusively

used for a single shipment from one shipper, First Document Review is the initial
maximizing space utilization and reducing evaluation of project documents to ensure
handling. In EPC projects, FCL is often used they meet quality and compliance standards.
for transporting large quantities of materials This review identifies any discrepancies or
or equipment securely and efficiently. issues early in the project, allowing for timely
corrections.

220. FDD (Final Design Document):

224. FEC (Forecast for Completion):
Final Design Document is a comprehensive
set of drawings, specifications, and Forecast for Completion provides an
calculations that detail the finalized design of updated estimate of the total project cost
a project. FDD serves as the definitive guide based on current progress and future
for construction and ensures that all design projections. It helps project managers track
aspects have been thoroughly reviewed, financial performance and make informed
approved, and are ready for implementation. decisions to control costs.

221. FDD (Final Design Document): 225. FEED (Front End Engineering
Design):
Final Design Document includes all detailed
drawings, specifications, and design Front End Engineering Design involves
information required to construct a project. preliminary engineering and design work
FDD ensures that all stakeholders have a conducted after the conceptual phase and
clear understanding of the design and before detailed engineering. FEED
construction requirements. establishes the project's technical and
financial feasibility, serving as a basis for final
investment decisions and cost estimation.
222. FDP (Fabrication and Delivery Plan):

Fabrication and Delivery Plan outlines the 226. FF&E (Furniture, Fixtures, and
schedule and logistics for fabricating and
Equipment):
delivering materials and equipment to the
project site. This plan is essential for Furniture, Fixtures, and Equipment refer to
coordinating procurement and construction all movable items necessary for the
activities to avoid delays. operation of a facility, excluding permanent
structures. In EPC projects, FF&E planning
ensures that all required items are procured
223. FDR (First Document Review): and installed for the project's operational
readiness.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis is a

systematic approach to identifying potential
227. FIDIC (International Federation of failure modes, assessing their effects on the
Consulting Engineers): system, and implementing measures to
mitigate risks. In EPC projects, FMEA is used
International Federation of Consulting
to enhance reliability, safety, and
Engineers (FIDIC) is a global organization
performance of systems and components.
providing standard forms of contract for
construction and engineering projects. FIDIC
contracts are widely used in EPC projects to
ensure clarity, fairness, and effective risk 231. FOB (Free on Board):
management.
Free on Board is an Incoterm where the
seller delivers goods onto the vessel at the
port of shipment, with the buyer assuming
228. FIFO (First In, First Out): responsibility for costs and risks from that
point. FOB is commonly used in EPC projects
First In, First Out is an inventory
for international shipping of materials and
management method where the oldest
equipment.
inventory items are used or sold first. In EPC
projects, FIFO helps manage materials
efficiently, reducing waste and ensuring that
items are used before they expire or become 232. FOV (Field of View):
obsolete.
Field of View refers to the extent of the
observable area seen through a particular
device, such as a camera or sensor. In EPC
229. FLC (Final Lifetime Cost): projects, FOV is important for surveillance,
inspection, and monitoring systems to
Final Lifetime Cost encompasses the total
ensure comprehensive coverage and
cost of owning and operating a facility or
accurate data collection.
equipment over its entire lifespan. FLC
includes initial capital expenditure,
operating and maintenance costs, and
disposal costs, providing a comprehensive 233. FP (Floating Point):
view of the project's long-term financial
Floating Point refers to a method of
impact.
representing real numbers in computing that
can support a wide range of values. In EPC
projects, floating-point calculations are used
230. FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects in engineering simulations, modeling, and
Analysis): control systems to handle precise and
complex numerical data.

helps manage costs and avoid disputes over

additional work or alterations.
234. FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit):

Flexible Printed Circuit is a type of electronic

circuit printed on a flexible substrate, 238. FRR (Financial Requirement Report):
allowing for bending and folding. FPCs are
Financial Requirement Report outlines the
used in EPC projects for applications
financial needs and budget allocations for a
requiring compact, lightweight, and
project. In EPC projects, FRR is essential for
adaptable electronic connections, such as in
securing funding, managing cash flow, and
control systems and monitoring devices.
ensuring all financial aspects are planned
and controlled.

235. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate

Array):
239. FVC (Flexible Volume Commitment):
Field Programmable Gate Array is a type of
Flexible Volume Commitment refers to an
integrated circuit that can be configured by
agreement allowing for adjustments in the
the customer or designer after
quantity of materials or services provided
manufacturing. In EPC projects, FPGAs are
based on project needs. In EPC projects, FVC
used for customized control and processing
offers flexibility in procurement and supply
functions in automation systems, offering
chain management, accommodating
flexibility and high performance.
changes in project scope or schedule.

G
236. FR (Fire-Retardant):

Fire-Retardant materials are designed to

resist burning and reduce the spread of fire.
In EPC projects, the use of fire-retardant
materials is crucial for ensuring safety and
compliance with fire safety regulations in
structures and equipment.
240. GA (General Arrangement)

General Arrangement refers to a drawing

237. FRP (Firm Revised Price): that illustrates the overall layout of a project
Firm Revised Price is an agreed-upon price or a system. It shows the major components
for project changes or modifications, and their spatial relationships, providing a
ensuring both parties understand the comprehensive view for planning and
financial implications. In EPC projects, FRP coordination.

ensure that the project is completed on time

and within budget.
241. Gage R&R (Gage Repeatability and
Reproducibility)

Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility is a 245. GCC (General Conditions of

method used to evaluate the precision of Contract)
measurement systems. It assesses whether
The General Conditions of Contract are
the measurement system produces
standardized terms and conditions that
consistent results over multiple trials
outline the responsibilities, rights, and
(repeatability) and by different operators
obligations of the parties involved in a
(reproducibility).
construction contract. They serve as a
framework for the contractual relationship.

242. Gantt Chart

A Gantt Chart is a type of bar chart used to 246. GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and
represent a project schedule. It shows the Tolerancing)
start and finish dates of various elements of
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing is a
a project, helping to track progress and
system used in engineering and
ensure that tasks are completed on time.
manufacturing to define and communicate
the allowable limits of physical dimensions
and shapes. It ensures that parts fit together
243. GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs correctly and function as intended.
and Trade)

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

is a multilateral agreement aimed at 247. GDS (Global Document System)
promoting international trade by reducing or
A Global Document System is an integrated
eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs and
platform used for the management, storage,
quotas. It laid the groundwork for the
and retrieval of documents and records
establishment of the World Trade
across multiple locations. It ensures
Organization (WTO).
consistency and accessibility of information
throughout the project lifecycle.

244. GC (General Contractor)

A General Contractor is responsible for 248. GFC (Good for Construction)

overseeing the day-to-day operations of a
Good for Construction refers to the final set
construction project. They manage
of drawings and specifications that have
subcontractors, procure materials, and
been reviewed and approved for use in the

construction phase. These documents are A Geographic Information System is a

used by contractors to execute the project framework for gathering, managing, and
work. analyzing spatial and geographic data. It is
used in various applications, including urban
planning, environmental management, and
249. GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit resource allocation.
Interrupter)

A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter is a device 253. GMP (Guaranteed Maximum Price)
designed to protect people from electric
shock by interrupting the electrical circuit Guaranteed Maximum Price is a type of
when it detects a difference in the currents contract where the contractor agrees to
between the hot and neutral wires. It is complete the project within a fixed
commonly used in areas where electrical maximum price. Any costs exceeding this
equipment is near water. limit are borne by the contractor, providing
an incentive to control costs and stay within
budget.
250. GFE (Government Furnished
Equipment)
254. GTC (General Terms and Conditions)
Government Furnished Equipment refers to
equipment provided by the government to a General Terms and Conditions are standard
contractor for use in the performance of a provisions that outline the general principles
contract. The contractor is responsible for governing the contractual relationship
the proper use, maintenance, and return of between parties. They cover aspects such as
the equipment. payment terms, delivery schedules, and
dispute resolution.

H
251. GHS (Global Harmonized System)

The Global Harmonized System is an

internationally agreed-upon system for
classifying and labeling chemicals. It aims to
ensure that information about chemical
hazards is communicated consistently and
clearly across the globe.
255. HAZID (Hazard Identification)

252. GIS (Geographic Information Hazard Identification is a process used to

System) identify potential hazards that could cause
harm to people, property, or the

environment during a project. It involves 259. HSE (Health, Safety, and

systematic examination and documentation Environment)
of all possible hazards to ensure they are
addressed and mitigated. Health, Safety, and Environment refer to the
set of practices and regulations aimed at
ensuring the well-being of workers,
protecting the environment, and
256. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability
maintaining safety standards on a project.
Study)
HSE policies are integral to EPC projects to
A Hazard and Operability Study is a prevent accidents and environmental
structured and systematic technique for damage.
examining complex processes and
operations. It aims to identify potential
hazards and operability issues that could 260. HSE Plan (Health, Safety, and
affect the safety and efficiency of the Environmental Plan)
operation, using a team-based approach to
assess deviations from the design. A Health, Safety, and Environmental Plan
outlines the strategies and procedures for
managing health, safety, and environmental
issues during a project. It includes risk
257. HC (Historical Cost)
assessments, emergency response plans,
Historical Cost refers to the original and compliance with relevant regulations to
monetary value of an asset or project, as ensure a safe working environment.
recorded in financial statements. In EPC
projects, it is used for budgeting and
financial analysis, representing the actual 261. HSEQ (Health, Safety, Environment,
costs incurred during the acquisition or and Quality)
construction of assets.
Health, Safety, Environment, and Quality
encompass the integrated management of
these four critical areas in a project. HSEQ
258. HRA (Hazard Risk Assessment)
systems aim to ensure high standards of
Hazard Risk Assessment is the process of safety, environmental protection, and quality
evaluating the risks associated with control, contributing to the overall success
identified hazards. It involves analyzing the and sustainability of the project.
likelihood and consequences of hazardous
events, prioritizing risks, and implementing
measures to reduce or eliminate them. 262. HSSE (Health, Safety, Security, and
Environment)

Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Input/Output refers to the communication

expand on HSE by including security between an information processing system
considerations. HSSE management ensures (such as a computer) and the external world
not only the health and safety of personnel (such as users or other systems). Inputs are
and the protection of the environment but the signals or data received, and outputs are
also addresses security threats and risks, the signals or data sent out.
such as unauthorized access or theft.

266. IA (Interim Approval)

263. HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule)
Interim Approval is a temporary
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule is an authorization granted during a project's
international system for classifying traded progression. It allows certain activities to
goods. It assigns standardized codes to proceed while awaiting final approval,
products, facilitating international trade and ensuring that project timelines are not
ensuring consistent tariff application across significantly delayed.
different countries. It is essential for
import/export operations in EPC projects.
267. IAC (Interim Assessed Cost)

264. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Interim Assessed Cost refers to a provisional
calculation of expenses incurred at a specific
Conditioning)
stage of a project. This assessment helps in
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning budgeting and financial tracking before the
systems are used to regulate indoor climate final costs are determined.
and air quality. In EPC projects, HVAC
systems are designed and installed to ensure
comfortable and safe working conditions, as 268. IAP (Incentive Award Plan)
well as to meet specific environmental and
operational requirements. An Incentive Award Plan is a program
designed to reward employees or
contractors for meeting or exceeding

I
performance goals. These plans aim to
motivate and encourage high levels of
productivity and quality in project execution.

269. IATA (International Air Transport

Association)
265. I/O (Input/Output)

The International Air Transport Association is An Integrated Business System is a unified

a global trade association for airlines, set of tools and processes designed to
representing the airline industry in terms of manage and streamline business operations
safety, security, efficiency, and sustainability across various departments, improving
of air transport. efficiency and information flow within an
organization.

270. IATF (International Automotive Task

Force) 274. IC (Integrated Circuit)

The International Automotive Task Force is a An Integrated Circuit is a set of electronic

group of automotive manufacturers and circuits on a small flat piece (or "chip") of
their respective trade associations, working semiconductor material, typically silicon. It is
to improve quality standards in the a fundamental building block in modern
automotive industry through standardized electronic devices.
requirements and assessments.

275. ICC (International Chamber of

271. IAUC (Interim Acceptance Under Commerce)
Conditions)
The International Chamber of Commerce is a
Interim Acceptance Under Conditions refers global organization that promotes
to the provisional acceptance of a project or international trade, investment, and the
component with certain conditions that market economy. It sets rules and standards
need to be met. This allows work to progress to facilitate business transactions and
while ensuring that outstanding issues are resolve disputes.
addressed.

276. ICD (Interface Control Document)

272. IBC (International Building Code)
An Interface Control Document details the
The International Building Code is a set of interface between different subsystems
comprehensive building safety standards within a project. It ensures that all
that provides minimum requirements for subsystems interact correctly and efficiently,
building systems to ensure public health, specifying the required data, signals, and
safety, and general welfare. physical connections.

273. IBS (Integrated Business System) 277. ICE (Institute of Civil Engineers)

The Institute of Civil Engineers is a Information and Communication Technology

professional association that promotes and encompasses all technologies used to handle
advances civil engineering. It provides telecommunications, broadcast media,
resources, networking opportunities, and intelligent building management systems,
certifications for civil engineers worldwide. and network-based control and monitoring
functions.

278. ICO (Initial Coin Offering)

282. IDD (Integrated Design Document)
An Initial Coin Offering is a fundraising
mechanism used in the cryptocurrency and An Integrated Design Document
blockchain industry. Companies issue digital consolidates all design aspects of a project
tokens in exchange for investment, similar to into a single, comprehensive document. It
an initial public offering (IPO) in the stock ensures that all design elements are
market. coordinated and aligned with project
objectives.

279. ICP (Indent Contract Procedure)

283. IDIQ (Indefinite Delivery Indefinite
Indent Contract Procedure involves the Quantity)
process and guidelines for requesting and
managing contracts for goods and services. It Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity is a
ensures transparency, compliance, and type of contract that provides for an
efficiency in procurement activities. indefinite quantity of supplies or services
over a specified period. It offers flexibility in
terms of delivery scheduling and quantities
280. ICR (Issued for Client ordered.
Review/Comments)

Issued for Client Review/Comments refers to 284. IDS (Integrated Document System)
the stage where project documents or
designs are sent to the client for their An Integrated Document System is a
feedback and approval. It ensures client comprehensive platform for managing,
requirements and preferences are storing, and retrieving project documents. It
considered before finalization. ensures consistency, accessibility, and
efficient handling of documentation
throughout the project lifecycle.
281. ICT (Information and
Communication Technology)
285. IEE (Institute of Electrical Engineers)

The Institute of Electrical Engineers is a marks the beginning of the detailed design
professional association dedicated to phase based on preliminary concepts and
advancing the field of electrical engineering. requirements.
It provides resources, education, and
networking opportunities for electrical
engineers. 290. IFI (Issued for Information)

Issued for Information refers to documents

286. IFA (Issued for Approval) or designs that are distributed to relevant
parties for their information and awareness.
Issued for Approval refers to the stage where These documents are not yet approved for
project documents or designs are submitted use in construction or implementation.
to the relevant authorities or stakeholders
for formal approval before proceeding to the
next phase of the project. 291. IFR (Issued for Internal Review)

Issued for Internal Review refers to

287. IFB (Invitation for Bid) documents or designs that are circulated
within the organization for internal feedback
An Invitation for Bid is a solicitation made by and review. This step ensures that all internal
an organization to potential suppliers, stakeholders have an opportunity to assess
requesting them to submit a bid to provide and comment on the materials.
goods or services. It is typically used in
competitive procurement processes.
292. IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things)

288. IFC (Issued for Construction) The Industrial Internet of Things refers to the
integration of internet-connected devices
Issued for Construction refers to the final set and sensors in industrial settings. It enables
of approved documents and drawings that data collection, analysis, and automation to
are released for use in the construction improve efficiency, productivity, and safety.
phase. These documents guide the actual
building process and ensure compliance with
design specifications. 293. IMCO (International Maritime
Consultative Organization)

289. IFD (Issued for Design) The International Maritime Consultative

Organization, now known as the
Issued for Design refers to the stage where International Maritime Organization (IMO),
documents or designs are provided to the is a specialized agency of the United Nations
design team for detailed development. It responsible for regulating shipping. It sets

global standards for the safety, security, and set of rules to clarify the costs, risks, and
environmental performance of international responsibilities of buyers and sellers in
shipping. international trade. They are used to reduce
misunderstandings and disputes.

294. IMP (Incoming Material Plan)

298. IP (Intellectual Property)
Incoming Material Plan refers to the
schedule and procedure for receiving, Intellectual Property refers to creations of
inspecting, and handling materials delivered the mind, such as inventions, literary and
to a project site. It ensures that materials are artistic works, designs, and symbols, names,
available as needed and meet quality and images used in commerce. IP is
standards. protected by law through patents,
copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets.

295. IMS (Integrated Master Schedule)

299. IPC (Institute of Printed Circuits)
An Integrated Master Schedule is a
comprehensive project schedule that The Institute of Printed Circuits, now known
combines all tasks, milestones, and timelines as IPC – Association Connecting Electronics
into a single, unified plan. It helps manage Industries, is a global trade association that
and track the progress of complex projects standardizes the assembly and production
with multiple interdependencies. requirements of electronic equipment and
assemblies.

296. INCO (Incoterms)

300. IPI (Inland Point of Interchange)
Incoterms, or International Commercial
Terms, are a set of standardized trade terms Inland Point of Interchange refers to a
published by the International Chamber of specific location, typically within a country,
Commerce (ICC). They define the where goods are transferred from one
responsibilities of buyers and sellers for the transportation mode to another, such as
delivery of goods in international from rail to truck. It is used in logistics and
transactions. supply chain management.

297. Incoterm (International Commercial 301. IRR (Internal Rate of Return)

Terms)
Internal Rate of Return is a financial metric
International Commercial Terms are the used to evaluate the profitability of an
same as Incoterms, which provide a common investment. It represents the discount rate at

which the net present value (NPV) of an contractors to provide goods or services. It is
investment's cash flows equals zero, part of the competitive bidding process.
indicating the expected rate of growth.

306. ITP (Inspection and Test Plan)

302. ISA (Instrument Society of America)
An Inspection and Test Plan outlines the
The Instrument Society of America, now specific inspections and tests to be
known as the International Society of conducted on a project or product. It details
Automation, is a professional association the criteria, methods, and responsibilities for
that sets standards and provides education ensuring that quality standards are met.
and certification for automation
professionals.
307. ITT (Invitation to Tender)

303. ISO (International Organization for An Invitation to Tender is a formal request

Standardization) issued by an organization inviting suppliers
or contractors to submit a bid to perform
The International Organization for specific work or supply goods. It is part of the
Standardization is an independent, non- procurement process for competitive
governmental international organization tendering.
that develops and publishes standards to
ensure the quality, safety, and efficiency of
products, services, and systems. 308. IWP (Integrated Work Plan)

An Integrated Work Plan is a comprehensive

plan that outlines the tasks, resources, and
304. IT (Information Technology)
timelines required to complete a project. It
Information Technology involves the use of integrates all aspects of project planning and
computers, networks, and other electronic execution to ensure coordination and
devices to store, process, transmit, and efficiency.
retrieve information. It encompasses
hardware, software, and

J
telecommunications.

305. ITB (Invitation to Bid)

An Invitation to Bid is a formal solicitation

issued by an organization requesting
proposals from potential suppliers or

JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) minimizes inventory costs and reduces

storage requirements. JIT relies on accurate
Just a Bunch Of Disks refers to a storage
demand forecasting and efficient supply
configuration where multiple hard drives are
chain coordination. It helps companies
connected to a computer, but not configured
respond quickly to customer demands while
in any RAID (Redundant Array of
maintaining low inventory levels, but it also
Independent Disks) setup. Each disk
requires reliable suppliers and effective
operates independently, and data is stored
logistics to avoid disruptions.
across the drives without redundancy or
fault tolerance. JBOD is often used to
increase storage capacity without the
complexity or cost of more advanced storage 311. JSA (Job Safety Analysis)
solutions. However, it doesn't provide the
Job Safety Analysis is a systematic process of
performance or data protection benefits of
identifying and analyzing potential hazards
RAID configurations.
associated with specific job tasks. It involves
breaking down a job into its individual steps,
assessing the risks associated with each step,
309. JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal) and implementing measures to eliminate or
mitigate those risks. JSA helps improve
The Joint Contracts Tribunal is an
workplace safety by ensuring that all
organization in the United Kingdom that
potential hazards are addressed before work
produces standard forms of contract for the
begins. It also promotes a culture of safety
construction industry. JCT contracts are
awareness among employees and can be
widely used to outline the responsibilities,
used to train new workers.
obligations, and rights of the parties involved
in a construction project. They provide a
framework for managing and executing
construction work, helping to minimize 312. JV (Joint Venture)
disputes and ensure clarity. The contracts
A Joint Venture is a business arrangement in
cover various project delivery methods and
which two or more parties agree to pool
are regularly updated to reflect changes in
their resources to achieve a specific goal or
legislation and industry practices.
complete a project. Each party contributes
assets, shares risks, and participates in the
management of the venture. Joint ventures
310. JIT (Just-in-Time) are common in large-scale projects such as
construction, engineering, and research and
Just-in-Time is an inventory management
development, where combining expertise
and manufacturing strategy aimed at
and resources can be beneficial. The terms of
reducing waste and improving efficiency by
a joint venture are usually outlined in a
receiving goods only as they are needed in
formal agreement that specifies the
the production process. This approach
responsibilities, profit-sharing, and

governance structure of the partnership. objectives. KPIs are used to evaluate the
Joint ventures allow companies to enter new success of an organization, a specific activity,
markets, share risks, and leverage or a project in meeting performance goals.
complementary strengths, but they also They can be financial metrics like revenue
require careful coordination and clear growth, operational measures like
communication to ensure success. production efficiency, or customer-centric
indicators like satisfaction scores. KPIs are
crucial for strategic planning, allowing

K
organizations to set targets, monitor
progress, and make informed decisions
based on data-driven insights. By regularly
tracking KPIs, businesses can identify areas
for improvement and align their efforts with
overarching goals.

L
313. KDS (Knowledge Document System)

A Knowledge Document System is an

organized framework for creating, storing,
managing, and sharing knowledge within an
organization. It comprises digital repositories
that house documents, procedures, best
practices, and other valuable information
that employees can access to enhance their 315. L/C, LC, LC (Letter of Credit)
work. KDS helps streamline information flow,
ensures consistency in knowledge A Letter of Credit is a financial instrument
dissemination, and facilitates decision- issued by a bank on behalf of a buyer,
making processes by providing easy access to guaranteeing that the seller will receive
critical data. It also aids in preserving payment for goods or services provided
institutional knowledge, especially when certain conditions are met. It is commonly
employees leave or retire, thereby used in international trade to mitigate risks
maintaining continuity in operations and associated with cross-border transactions.
expertise. The bank ensures that the seller receives
payment as long as the terms specified in the
letter are fulfilled, such as delivering goods
314. KPI (Key Performance Indicator) by a certain date and providing the necessary
documentation. This helps build trust
Key Performance Indicators are measurable between parties unfamiliar with each other
values that demonstrate how effectively an and facilitates smoother business
organization is achieving its key business operations.

container and is consolidated with other

shipments to optimize space and reduce
316. LCC (Life Cycle Cost) costs. This is a common practice in logistics
to make shipping more economical for
Life Cycle Cost refers to the total cost of
smaller shipments. LCL shipments are
owning, operating, maintaining, and
combined at a container freight station and
disposing of a building or system over its
deconsolidated at the destination, which
entire lifespan. This includes initial capital
might result in longer transit times compared
costs, operational costs, maintenance
to Full Container Load (FCL) shipments but
expenses, and any end-of-life disposal or
offers significant cost savings for small-
recycling costs. LCC analysis helps in
volume cargo.
decision-making by comparing different
options based on their long-term economic
efficiency. It ensures that decisions are not
solely based on initial costs but also consider 319. LD (Liquidity Damage)
the ongoing expenses and benefits over the
Liquidity Damage, often referred to as
project's useful life.
Liquidated Damages, is a predetermined
amount of money that must be paid as
compensation for failing to meet specific
317. LCIA (London Court of International contractual obligations, such as delays in
Arbitration) project completion. This clause is included in
contracts to provide a clear remedy for
The London Court of International
breaches, particularly in construction and
Arbitration is one of the world's leading
procurement contracts. It incentivizes timely
international institutions for commercial
performance and provides a measure of
dispute resolution. It provides arbitration
financial protection against potential losses
and mediation services for resolving
due to delays or non-performance.
international commercial disputes. The LCIA
is known for its neutrality, expertise, and
efficiency, offering a reliable forum for
parties from different legal and cultural 320. LDD (Latest Design Document)
backgrounds to resolve their disputes. Its
The Latest Design Document is the most
rules and procedures are designed to ensure
current version of the design plans and
fair and swift resolutions, contributing to its
specifications for a project. It includes
high regard in international business circles.
detailed drawings, schematics, and
descriptions that reflect the latest updates
and changes made during the design phase.
318. LCL (Less than Container Load) This document is essential for ensuring that
all stakeholders have access to the most up-
Less than Container Load is a shipping term
to-date information, helping to prevent
used when a shipment does not fill an entire

errors and misunderstandings during the in the maritime industry, ensuring that
construction or implementation phases. disputes are handled by experienced and
knowledgeable arbitrators. The LMAA's
arbitration process is respected worldwide
321. LED (Light Emitting Diode) for its efficiency, expertise, and adherence to
maritime law and practices.
A Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor
light source that emits light when current
flows through it. LEDs are widely used in 324. LOA, LOA (Letter of Award)
various applications due to their high
efficiency, long lifespan, and low energy A Letter of Award is a formal document
consumption compared to traditional issued by a client to a contractor, indicating
incandescent bulbs. They are used in that they have been selected to undertake a
displays, indicators, and increasingly in specific project or contract. It outlines the
general lighting solutions, offering terms and conditions under which the work
advantages such as reduced power usage is to be performed and serves as an official
and enhanced durability. notice to proceed with the project. The LOA
marks the transition from the bidding phase
to the execution phase, establishing a
322. LIFO (Last In, First Out) binding agreement between the parties.

Last In, First Out is an inventory valuation

method where the most recently produced 325. LOC (Line of Credit)
or acquired items are assumed to be sold or
used first. This method can affect financial A Line of Credit is a flexible loan arrangement
statements and tax liabilities by valuing between a financial institution and a
inventory and cost of goods sold based on borrower, allowing the borrower to access
recent prices. In periods of rising prices, LIFO funds up to a specified limit as needed. It
results in higher cost of goods sold and lower offers the advantage of drawing only the
taxable income, which can be advantageous required amount and paying interest only on
for tax purposes. the borrowed funds. LOCs are often used for
working capital needs, managing cash flow,
or funding short-term projects, providing
323. LMAA (London Maritime businesses with financial flexibility.
Arbitrators Association)

The London Maritime Arbitrators 326. LOE (Level of Effort)

Association is a professional body that
provides arbitration services for maritime Level of Effort is a project management term
and shipping disputes. It sets standards and that describes the amount of work required
provides a framework for resolving conflicts to complete a task or project. It is often used

in planning and scheduling to estimate properly shut off and not started up again
resources, time, and costs. LOE tasks do not before maintenance or repair work is
produce measurable deliverables but completed. It involves locking the equipment
support other activities, such as project to prevent accidental operation and tagging
management or maintenance tasks, and are it to indicate that it is under maintenance.
typically measured in terms of time spent. LOTO procedures help protect workers from
hazardous energy releases, reducing the risk
of injuries.
327. LOI (Letter of Intent)

A Letter of Intent is a document outlining the 330. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
preliminary understanding between parties
who intend to enter into a formal Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a flammable
agreement. It typically includes the main hydrocarbon gas that is liquefied through
terms and conditions of the proposed deal, pressurization and used as fuel for heating,
serving as a basis for further negotiations. cooking, and in vehicles. It is a cleaner
While it is not legally binding, an LOI alternative to many other fossil fuels and is
demonstrates the commitment of the used in both residential and industrial
parties to move forward and provides a applications. LPG is composed mainly of
framework for drafting a final contract. propane and butane and is known for its
efficiency and relatively low environmental
impact.
328. LOP (Logistics Operating Plan)

A Logistics Operating Plan details the 331. LPO (Logistics Purchase Order)
processes and procedures for managing the
movement and storage of goods within a A Logistics Purchase Order is a document
supply chain. It includes strategies for issued by a buyer to a supplier, specifying the
transportation, warehousing, inventory details of goods or services required for
management, and distribution, ensuring that logistics operations. It includes information
logistics operations are efficient, cost- on quantities, specifications, delivery dates,
effective, and meet customer demands. A and prices. An LPO serves as a formal request
well-developed LOP is critical for optimizing for procurement, ensuring that the supplier
supply chain performance and minimizing understands the buyer's requirements and
disruptions. terms of the transaction.

329. LOTO (Lockout/Tagout) 332. LPO (Local Purchase Order)

Lockout/Tagout is a safety procedure used to A Local Purchase Order is similar to a

ensure that dangerous machines are standard purchase order but is typically used

for procuring goods or services from local Logistics Workforce Development focuses on
suppliers. It streamlines the procurement training and developing the skills of
process for items that are readily available in employees involved in logistics operations. It
the local market, often resulting in faster includes education and training programs
delivery times and reduced transportation designed to enhance the capabilities of the
costs. logistics workforce, ensuring they are
equipped to handle modern supply chain
challenges. Effective LWD programs improve
333. LSTK (Lump Sum Turnkey) productivity, efficiency, and job satisfaction,
contributing to the overall success of
Lump Sum Turnkey is a type of contract logistics operations.
where the contractor agrees to complete a
project for a fixed price, assuming full

M
responsibility for the design, procurement,
construction, and commissioning of the
project. The contractor delivers the project
in a ready-to-use state, transferring minimal
risk to the client. LSTK contracts provide cost
certainty for the client but require the
contractor to manage and absorb any cost
overruns or delays.
336. M&C (Monitoring and Controlling)

Monitoring and Controlling is a project

334. LTI (Lost Time Incident) management phase where the project’s
performance is tracked and measured
A Lost Time Incident refers to a work-related against the project plan. This process
injury or illness that results in an employee ensures that project objectives are being
being unable to perform their regular duties met and that any deviations from the plan
for one or more days. It is a key metric used are identified and corrected. It involves
in workplace safety programs to measure the regular status meetings, performance
frequency and severity of accidents, helping reports, and corrective actions to address
organizations identify and address safety any issues or risks that arise. Effective
risks. Reducing LTIs is crucial for improving monitoring and controlling help keep the
employee well-being and maintaining project on track, within scope, and on
operational efficiency. budget.

335. LWD (Logistics Workforce 337. M&E (Mechanical and Electrical)

Development)

Mechanical and Electrical refer to the management expertise is required to ensure

engineering disciplines focused on successful execution.
designing, constructing, and maintaining
mechanical and electrical systems. These
systems include HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, 340. MCR (Master Change Request)
and Air Conditioning), plumbing, lighting,
power distribution, and fire protection A Master Change Request is a
systems. M&E engineering ensures that comprehensive document used to propose
buildings and infrastructure are safe, and manage changes to a project’s scope,
functional, and energy-efficient, playing a schedule, or budget. It outlines the reasons
crucial role in construction and facilities for the change, the impact on the project,
management. and the proposed solution. The MCR is
reviewed and approved by the project’s
change control board or stakeholders,
338. MAR (Material Approval Request) ensuring that all changes are systematically
evaluated and documented to maintain
A Material Approval Request is a formal project control.
document submitted by a contractor to the
client or project manager seeking approval
for the use of specific materials in a project. 341. MDR (Master Document Register)
The MAR includes details about the
material’s specifications, sources, and A Master Document Register is a centralized
compliance with project requirements and log that tracks all documents related to a
standards. Approval ensures that the project. It includes information such as
materials meet the necessary quality and document titles, numbers, revisions,
performance criteria before being statuses, and distribution lists. The MDR
incorporated into the project. ensures that all project documentation is
organized, up-to-date, and accessible to the
relevant stakeholders, facilitating efficient
339. MC (Management Contract) document management and control
throughout the project lifecycle.
A Management Contract is an agreement
where a company hires another company or
individual to manage and oversee a project 342. MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and
or operation. The management contractor is Plumbing)
responsible for planning, coordinating, and
controlling all aspects of the project, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP)
including procurement, scheduling, and engineering encompasses the design and
quality control. This type of contract is often maintenance of systems that provide
used in complex projects where specialized heating, cooling, ventilation, electricity,
water supply, and waste removal in

buildings. MEP engineers collaborate to include the meeting date, time, attendees,
ensure these systems are integrated and agenda items, and key points discussed.
function efficiently. MEP design is critical for MOMs serve as an official record, ensuring
the comfort, safety, and operational that all participants have a shared
efficiency of buildings, making it a understanding of what was discussed and
fundamental aspect of construction and what actions need to be taken, enhancing
facilities management. accountability and follow-up.

343. MOA (Memorandum of Agreement) 346. MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)

A Memorandum of Agreement is a formal Minimum Order Quantity is the smallest

document that outlines the terms and amount of a product that a supplier is willing
conditions of a cooperative arrangement to sell to a customer. MOQ is set by suppliers
between parties. It specifies the roles, to ensure that production and shipping costs
responsibilities, and expectations of each are covered and that the order is profitable.
party, serving as a framework for Understanding the MOQ is crucial for buyers
collaboration. An MOA is often used when to plan their procurement and inventory
parties intend to work together on a specific strategies effectively, ensuring they can meet
project or initiative but are not yet ready to supplier requirements while managing their
enter into a legally binding contract. own inventory levels.

344. MOE (Measure of Effectiveness) 347. MOU (Memorandum of

Understanding)
A Measure of Effectiveness is a metric used
to assess how well a system, process, or A Memorandum of Understanding is a
solution achieves its intended objectives. formal document that expresses the
MOEs are often used in performance intention of two or more parties to
evaluations to determine the success of collaborate and outlines the basic terms and
strategies, programs, or projects. They help conditions of their cooperation. An MOU is
organizations understand the impact of their not legally binding but signifies the
efforts and identify areas for improvement commitment of the parties to move forward
by providing quantifiable data on outcomes. with a mutual understanding of their roles
and responsibilities. It is often used as a
preliminary step before drafting a formal
345. MOM (Minutes of Meeting) contract.

Minutes of Meeting are a written record of

the discussions, decisions, and actions 348. MP (Milestone Payment)
agreed upon during a meeting. They typically

Milestone Payment is a partial payment A Material Request is similar to a Material

made upon the completion of a specific Requisition, where an internal request is
project milestone. These payments are tied made for the supply of specific materials.
to key deliverables or phases in the project This document initiates the process of
schedule and provide a financial incentive for acquiring necessary resources for a project
contractors to achieve progress goals. or operational task. It ensures that the
Milestone payments help manage cash flow required materials are available when
and ensure that the contractor is needed, supporting efficient project
compensated for work completed, reducing execution and resource management.
the financial risk for both parties.

352. MRB (Material Record Book)

349. MPR (Monthly Progress Report)
A Material Record Book is a comprehensive
A Monthly Progress Report is a document log that tracks the receipt, inspection, and
that provides an overview of a project's usage of materials throughout a project. It
status, activities, and achievements over the includes details such as material
past month. It includes updates on project specifications, quantities, suppliers, and
milestones, budget, schedule, risks, and any inspection results. The MRB helps ensure
issues encountered. MPRs keep stakeholders traceability, quality control, and compliance
informed about the project’s progress and with project requirements, providing a
performance, facilitating transparency and reliable record for audit and review
accountability in project management. purposes.

350. MR (Material Requisition) 353. MRN / GRN (Material/ Goods

Received Note)
A Material Requisition is a formal request
issued within an organization to procure A Material/Goods Received Note is a
materials required for a project or operation. document issued by a receiving department
The MR specifies the type, quantity, and to acknowledge the receipt of materials or
specifications of the materials needed, and is goods delivered by a supplier. It records the
used to initiate the purchasing process. It quantities, condition, and specifications of
ensures that materials are ordered in a the items received, serving as proof of
timely manner, maintaining workflow delivery. The MRN/GRN helps verify that the
continuity and avoiding delays. delivered goods match the purchase order
and facilitates accurate inventory
management.
351. MR (Material Request)

354. MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and

Operations)
357. MS (Milestone)
Maintenance, Repair, and Operations refer
to the activities and supplies necessary to A Milestone is a significant point or event in
maintain, repair, and operate equipment and a project’s timeline that marks the
facilities. MRO includes routine maintenance completion of a major phase or deliverable.
tasks, repairs to restore functionality, and Milestones are used to track progress and
operational supplies such as lubricants and ensure that the project is on schedule. They
cleaning materials. Effective MRO practices serve as checkpoints to evaluate
ensure that equipment operates efficiently, performance, make necessary adjustments,
reducing downtime and extending asset and provide a clear indication of progress to
lifecycles. stakeholders.

355. MRP (Material Requirement 358. MSA (Measurement System

Planning) Analysis)

Material Requirement Planning is a Measurement System Analysis is a statistical

production planning and inventory control method used to assess the accuracy and
system used to manage manufacturing precision of a measurement system. MSA
processes. MRP ensures that materials are evaluates the measurement process,
available for production and products are identifying sources of variation and ensuring
available for delivery to customers. It that the system produces reliable and
involves planning the required quantities of repeatable data. It is critical for quality
materials, scheduling production activities, control and improvement, ensuring that
and managing inventory levels to optimize measurement errors do not affect decision-
efficiency and meet demand. making or product quality.

356. MRV (Material Receipt Voucher) 359. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

A Material Receipt Voucher is a document A Material Safety Data Sheet is a document

used to record the receipt of materials or that provides detailed information about the
goods from a supplier. It includes details such properties, hazards, handling, storage, and
as the quantity received, the condition of the emergency measures related to a chemical
materials, and any discrepancies. The MRV is substance. MSDSs are essential for ensuring
used to update inventory records and ensure workplace safety and regulatory compliance,
that the received materials are accurately helping employees understand the risks
accounted for, supporting inventory associated with chemicals and how to
management and financial control. protect themselves.

360. MSP (Milestone Payment Schedule)

A Milestone Payment Schedule outlines the

timing and conditions for payments linked to
specific project milestones. It specifies when
payments will be made upon the completion
N
of predefined milestones, ensuring that
financial compensation is aligned with
363. NCE (Not-to-Exceed)
project progress. This schedule helps
manage cash flow and provides financial Not-to-Exceed (NCE) is a cost limit specified
incentives for timely completion of project in a contract or purchase order, indicating
phases. the maximum amount that can be billed for
the work or materials provided. It ensures
budget control and prevents cost overruns
361. MTO (Material Take-Off) by setting a financial cap on the scope of
work. Any expenditure beyond the NCE
Material Take-Off is the process of listing and amount requires additional approval or a
quantifying all the materials required for a contract amendment.
construction project based on the design
drawings and specifications. An MTO helps
estimate costs, plan procurement, and
364. NCR (Non-Conformance Report)
manage inventory. It provides a detailed
breakdown of materials, ensuring that A Non-Conformance Report (NCR) is a
everything needed for the project is document that identifies and describes any
accounted for and available when required. deviations from specified standards,
procedures, or requirements. It is used to
record instances of non-conformance,
362. MTO (Material Take-off Note) analyze the root cause, and implement
corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
A Material Take-off Note is a document that NCRs are essential for quality control and
records the quantities and specifications of continuous improvement in projects and
materials needed for a project, derived from manufacturing processes.
the MTO process. It serves as a reference for
procurement and inventory management,
ensuring that materials are ordered and
365. NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement)
delivered in accordance with project
requirements. This note helps prevent A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a
material shortages and delays, supporting legally binding contract that protects
efficient project execution. confidential information shared between

parties. It ensures that proprietary or damage. NDT methods, such as visual

sensitive information is not disclosed to inspection, dye penetrant testing, and eddy
unauthorized individuals or entities. NDAs current testing, are used to identify defects,
are commonly used in business transactions, assess quality, and ensure reliability. NDT is
partnerships, and employment agreements widely used in industries such as aerospace,
to safeguard trade secrets and intellectual construction, and manufacturing for quality
property. control and maintenance.

366. NDC (Not Directly Charged) 369. NEC (New Engineering Contract)

Not Directly Charged (NDC) refers to costs New Engineering Contract (NEC) is a family of
that are not billed directly to a specific standard contracts designed to facilitate
project or contract but are instead allocated project management and promote
as overhead or indirect expenses. These collaboration between parties. NEC
costs include general administrative contracts are flexible, transparent, and
expenses, utilities, and other shared promote proactive risk management. They
resources that support multiple projects. are used in construction, engineering, and
Proper allocation of NDC helps in accurate infrastructure projects to define roles,
project costing and financial reporting. responsibilities, and processes, ensuring
successful project delivery.

367. NDE (Non-Destructive Examination)

370. NF (Notification of Forecast)
Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) involves
inspecting and evaluating materials, Notification of Forecast (NF) is a formal
components, or assemblies without causing communication issued to inform
damage. NDE techniques, such as ultrasonic stakeholders about anticipated future
testing, radiography, and magnetic particle events, trends, or requirements. It provides
inspection, are used to detect flaws, ensure advance notice of expected changes or
quality, and verify compliance with demands, enabling better planning and
specifications. NDE is crucial for maintaining resource allocation. In project management,
the integrity and safety of critical structures NF helps in forecasting resource needs,
and systems. budgeting, and scheduling.

368. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) 371. NFE (Not For Execution)

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is a set of Not For Execution (NFE) indicates that a
techniques used to evaluate the properties document or drawing is not intended for
of materials or structures without causing implementation or use in the actual

construction or production process. NFE These costs may include research and
documents are typically preliminary or draft development, marketing, administration,
versions used for review, discussion, or and other overhead expenses. Properly
approval purposes. They ensure that only managing NPC is crucial for maintaining
finalized and approved documents are used profitability and ensuring that resources are
for execution to avoid errors and rework. allocated efficiently across the organization.

372. NOC (No Objection Certificate) 375. NPI (New Product Introduction)

A No Objection Certificate (NOC) is an official New Product Introduction (NPI) is the

document issued by an authority or process of bringing a new product to market,
organization indicating that there are no from initial concept through to production
objections to the proposed actions or and launch. NPI involves activities such as
activities of the applicant. NOCs are often design, prototyping, testing, and market
required for regulatory compliance, property analysis. Effective NPI processes help
transfers, business operations, and other companies innovate, reduce time-to-market,
legal or administrative processes. They and ensure that new products meet
provide formal consent and facilitate smooth customer needs and quality standards.
transactions.

376. NPV (Net Present Value)

373. NOM (Nominal)
Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric
Nominal refers to a value or measurement used to evaluate the profitability of an
that is stated or assumed without investment or project by calculating the
considering factors such as tolerances, difference between the present value of cash
variations, or adjustments. In engineering inflows and outflows over time. NPV takes
and construction, nominal dimensions are into account the time value of money,
the standard or theoretical values used as discounting future cash flows to their
references. Understanding nominal values is present value. A positive NPV indicates that
essential for designing, manufacturing, and the investment is expected to generate more
constructing components that fit together value than its cost.
correctly.

377. NRC (Net Revenue Contract)

374. NPC (Non-Production Cost)
Net Revenue Contract (NRC) refers to an
Non-Production Cost (NPC) includes agreement where the contractor is paid
expenses that are not directly associated based on the net revenue generated from
with the production of goods or services. the project, rather than a fixed price or cost-

plus arrangement. NRC structures are often

O
used in projects where revenue generation is
directly tied to the performance and
outcomes of the contractor’s work. This
approach aligns the contractor’s incentives
with project success.

O&M (Operations and Maintenance)

378. NTE (Not-To-Exceed)
Operations and Maintenance (O&M) refers
Not-To-Exceed (NTE) is a contractual term to the activities involved in operating and
that sets a maximum limit on the amount caring for facilities, equipment, and
that can be billed for a particular service or infrastructure. O&M activities ensure that
project. It ensures cost control by capping assets operate efficiently, safely, and reliably
the expenditure, providing the client with throughout their lifecycle. These tasks
budget certainty. Any costs beyond the NTE include routine inspections, preventive
amount require prior approval or a contract maintenance, repairs, and operational
amendment, protecting both parties from adjustments to minimize downtime and
unexpected financial risks. optimize performance.

379. NTP (Notice to Proceed) 380. OA (Owner Advisor)

A Notice to Proceed (NTP) is a formal An Owner Advisor (OA) is a consultant or

document issued by the client or project expert appointed by the project owner to
owner authorizing the contractor to begin provide advice, guidance, and oversight
work on a project. The NTP marks the official throughout the project lifecycle. OAs
start date of the project and often triggers typically have specialized knowledge in
the commencement of the project schedule project management, technical disciplines,
and contractual obligations. Receiving an or specific industry regulations. They help
NTP is a critical milestone that ensures all owners make informed decisions, monitor
necessary approvals and conditions are in project progress, and ensure that project
place for project execution. objectives are achieved efficiently and
effectively.

381. OEE (Overall Equipment

Effectiveness)

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a

measure of how well equipment or

machinery is utilized in production OQ (Operating Qualification)

operations. OEE combines factors such as
Operating Qualification (OQ) is a
equipment availability, performance
documented verification process used to
efficiency, and quality output to assess
ensure that equipment or systems operate
overall productivity. It helps identify
effectively within their intended operating
opportunities for improvement, reduce
ranges. OQ tests validate that equipment
downtime, and optimize manufacturing
functions correctly under normal operating
processes to maximize output and
conditions and meets performance
profitability.
requirements. It is part of the validation
process in regulated industries to ensure
product quality, safety, and compliance with
382. OEM (Original Equipment regulatory standards.
Manufacturer)

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

refers to a company that produces 384. OTP (Owner's Test Procedures)
components or products that are purchased
Owner's Test Procedures (OTP) are detailed
by another company and resold under the
instructions or protocols developed by the
purchasing company's brand name. OEMs
project owner to verify that systems,
typically manufacture products according to
equipment, or facilities meet specified
the specifications and designs provided by
performance criteria. OTPs outline the
the purchasing company. They play a key role
testing methods, acceptance criteria, and
in supply chains, providing specialized
documentation requirements for conducting
components or finished goods for various
tests and validating system functionality.
industries.
They ensure that project deliverables meet
the owner's expectations and requirements
before acceptance.
383. OPEX (Operating Expenditure)

Operating Expenditure (OPEX) refers to the

ongoing costs incurred in the regular 385. OTS (Off-the-Shelf)
operation of a business or facility. OPEX
Off-the-Shelf (OTS) refers to products or
includes expenses such as salaries, utilities,
components that are readily available for
maintenance, rent, and other day-to-day
purchase from suppliers without requiring
operational costs. Distinguishing between
customization or special manufacturing. OTS
OPEX and capital expenditures (CAPEX) is
products are mass-produced and
crucial for financial planning and budgeting,
standardized, making them cost-effective
as OPEX directly impacts profitability and
and easy to procure for various applications.
cash flow.
Using OTS solutions can reduce lead times,
simplify procurement processes, and lower

overall project costs compared to custom- Procurement Approval (PA) is the formal
built alternatives. authorization granted by an organization to
initiate the purchasing process for goods or
services. PA ensures that procurement

P
activities align with budgetary constraints,
project requirements, and organizational
policies. It typically involves review and
approval by designated personnel or
departments responsible for financial
oversight and procurement management.
386. P&E (Procurement and Engineering)

Procurement and Engineering (P&E) refers to

the integrated activities involved in acquiring 389. PAC (Provisional Acceptance
materials, equipment, and services needed Certificate)
for engineering projects. This process
A Provisional Acceptance Certificate (PAC) is
includes sourcing, purchasing, logistics, and
a document issued by the client or project
coordination with engineering teams to
owner indicating that a portion or phase of
ensure that project requirements are met
work has been completed and meets
efficiently and cost-effectively.
specified requirements to a sufficient degree
for operational use. PAC allows the client to
start using the facility or system while minor
387. P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation outstanding issues, known as punch list
Diagram) items, are addressed by the contractor.

A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

(P&ID) is a detailed schematic drawing that
illustrates the interconnection of process 390. Packing List
equipment and instrumentation in a plant or A Packing List (PL) is a document that
industrial facility. P&IDs depict piping accompanies shipped goods, detailing the
layouts, control devices, valves, and other contents of each package or shipment. It
components essential for process control includes information such as item
and safety. They are used by engineers, descriptions, quantities, weights, and
operators, and maintenance personnel for dimensions. Packing lists assist in verifying
design, operation, and maintenance that the correct items have been shipped
purposes. and received, facilitating inventory
management, customs clearance, and
accurate billing.
388. PA (Procurement Approval)

391. PAI (Periodic Assessment organizational objectives. They align

Inspection) individual or group efforts with strategic
priorities and desired outcomes.
Periodic Assessment Inspection (PAI) refers
to scheduled evaluations conducted to
assess the condition, performance, and
394. PC (Purchase Contract)
compliance of equipment, facilities, or
processes. PAIs help identify potential issues, A Purchase Contract (PC) is a legally binding
ensure regulatory compliance, and optimize agreement between a buyer and a seller
maintenance strategies to enhance reliability outlining the terms and conditions for the
and safety. They are essential for preventing purchase of goods or services. PCs specify
downtime and minimizing risks in industrial details such as price, delivery schedule,
operations. quality standards, warranties, and payment
terms. They provide clarity and protection
for both parties involved in commercial
392. PBG (Performance Bank Guarantee) transactions, ensuring mutual obligations
are met.
A Performance Bank Guarantee (PBG) is a
financial instrument issued by a bank or
financial institution on behalf of a contractor
395. PC (Payment Certificate)
or supplier. PBGs ensure that the contractor
meets the contractual obligations, such as A Payment Certificate (PC) is a document
completing work on time, achieving issued by the contractor or supplier to
performance milestones, or addressing request payment for work completed or
defects. If the contractor fails to fulfill these goods delivered according to the terms of a
obligations, the beneficiary (typically the contract. PCs typically detail the amount
client or project owner) can claim due, work progress, and any variations or
compensation from the bank issuing the adjustments to the contract scope. They are
PBG. used by clients or project owners to verify
completed milestones and authorize
payments to contractors or vendors.
393. PBR (Performance Based Reward)

Performance Based Reward (PBR) refers to

396. PCA (Performance Criteria
incentives or bonuses awarded to individuals
Assessment)
or teams based on achieving predetermined
performance targets or goals. PBRs are Performance Criteria Assessment (PCA)
designed to motivate employees, involves evaluating and measuring the
contractors, or suppliers to exceed achievement of performance criteria or
expectations, improve productivity, and standards set for a project, process, or
contribute to the success of projects or system. PCAs assess factors such as

efficiency, quality, safety, and compliance to Project Control Index (PCI) is a performance
ensure that objectives are met or exceeded. metric used to assess the efficiency and
They provide a basis for decision-making, effectiveness of project control processes.
performance improvement, and continuous PCIs evaluate factors such as cost
evaluation in various organizational performance, schedule adherence, quality
contexts. metrics, and risk management practices.
They provide insights into project health,
identify areas for improvement, and guide
397. PCC (Process Control Center) decision-making to optimize project
outcomes and deliver value to stakeholders.
A Process Control Center (PCC) is a
centralized facility equipped with 400. PCM (Project Control Manager)
monitoring, control, and communication
A Project Control Manager (PCM) is
systems to oversee and manage industrial
responsible for overseeing and coordinating
processes or operations. PCCs ensure real-
project control activities within an
time visibility, operational efficiency, and
organization. PCMs ensure that projects
timely response to events or anomalies.
adhere to established schedules, budgets,
They play a critical role in industries such as
and quality standards by implementing
manufacturing, energy, and utilities by
effective monitoring, reporting, and control
optimizing production, enhancing safety, and
processes. They collaborate closely with
maintaining regulatory compliance.
project managers, stakeholders, and
functional teams to optimize project
performance and mitigate risks.
398. PCE (Project Control Engineer)

A Project Control Engineer (PCE) is

responsible for overseeing and managing the 401. PCN (Project Change Notice)
technical aspects of project control systems
A Project Change Notice (PCN) is a formal
and processes. PCEs monitor project
document used to request, evaluate, and
performance, analyze data, and provide
authorize changes to project scope,
insights to ensure projects meet quality,
schedule, budget, or resources. PCNs
schedule, and budget objectives. They
document proposed modifications, assess
collaborate with project managers,
their impact on project objectives, and
engineers, and stakeholders to implement
obtain approval from relevant stakeholders
effective control measures and mitigate risks
before implementation. Effective PCN
throughout the project lifecycle.
management helps maintain project
alignment with evolving requirements and
minimizes disruptions to project execution.
399. PCI (Project Control Index)

PCO (Project Control Officer) management, and continuous improvement

in project management processes.
A Project Control Officer (PCO) is responsible
for managing administrative and operational
aspects of project control functions. PCOs
support project managers in monitoring 404. PCRA (Performance Control Report
progress, tracking milestones, and ensuring Assessment)
compliance with project plans and
Performance Control Report Assessment
procedures. They play a crucial role in
(PCRA) involves evaluating the accuracy,
maintaining project documentation,
reliability, and relevance of performance
facilitating communication among
control reports generated for projects or
stakeholders, and addressing issues to
organizational initiatives. PCRAs ensure that
achieve project objectives effectively.
data analysis methods, metrics, and
conclusions presented in PCRs are valid and
actionable. They help maintain transparency,
402. PCP (Project Control Plan) accountability, and trust in project
performance reporting to stakeholders.
A Project Control Plan (PCP) outlines the
strategies, procedures, and tools used to
monitor, evaluate, and control project
performance. PCPs define roles, 405. PCRB (Performance Control Report
responsibilities, and communication Breakdown)
protocols for project control teams, ensuring
A Performance Control Report Breakdown
alignment with project objectives and
(PCRB) provides a detailed breakdown and
stakeholder expectations. They establish
analysis of performance metrics, trends, and
benchmarks, metrics, and reporting
deviations identified in project control
mechanisms to track progress, identify
reports. PCRBs disaggregate data, categorize
deviations, and implement corrective
issues, and analyze root causes to facilitate
actions as needed.
deeper understanding and informed
decision-making. They support project
managers and stakeholders in identifying
403. PCR (Performance Control Report) corrective actions and optimizing project
A Performance Control Report (PCR) performance.
provides detailed analysis and assessment of
project performance against predefined
metrics, targets, and benchmarks. PCRs 406. PCRE (Performance Control Report
summarize key findings, highlight deviations Element)
or trends, and recommend corrective actions
to optimize project outcomes. They serve as Performance Control Report Element (PCRE)
essential tools for decision-making, risk refers to individual components or sections

within a performance control report that and stakeholders involved in monitoring and
focus on specific aspects of project controlling project performance.
performance, such as cost, schedule, quality,
or risk. PCREs provide detailed insights,
metrics, and analysis related to each 409. PCRi (Performance Control Report
performance dimension, helping Index)
stakeholders assess project health and make
informed decisions. Performance Control Report Index (PCRi) is a
structured system or database that
catalogues and organizes performance
407. PCRG (Performance Control Report control reports generated for multiple
Guidance) projects or initiatives within an organization.
PCRis facilitate easy retrieval, comparison,
Performance Control Report Guidance and analysis of historical performance data
(PCRG) provides instructions, standards, and across projects, enabling benchmarking,
best practices for preparing, reviewing, and trend analysis, and identification of best
interpreting performance control reports in practices. They support decision-making and
project management. PCRGs ensure continuous improvement efforts in project
consistency, accuracy, and relevance in management.
reporting project performance across
different projects or organizational units.
They help standardize reporting formats, 410. PCRM (Performance Control Report
methodologies, and data presentation to Manager)
enhance clarity and effectiveness.
A Performance Control Report Manager
(PCRM) oversees the development,
408. PCRH (Performance Control Report compilation, and distribution of
Handbook) performance control reports within an
organization. PCRM ensures that reports are
A Performance Control Report Handbook accurate, timely, and aligned with project
(PCRH) is a comprehensive reference objectives and stakeholder requirements.
document that outlines guidelines, They collaborate with project teams,
templates, and examples for creating, analysts, and stakeholders to streamline
analyzing, and using performance control reporting processes, improve data quality,
reports in project management. PCRHs and enhance decision support capabilities.
provide detailed instructions on data
collection, analysis techniques, report
formatting, and interpretation of 411. PCRQ (Performance Control Report
performance metrics. They serve as valuable Quality)
resources for project managers, analysts,

Performance Control Report Quality (PCRQ) Effective PCS practices support project
refers to the accuracy, reliability, and objectives by optimizing procurement
relevance of information presented in processes and mitigating supply chain risks.
performance control reports used for project
management. PCRQ assesses the
completeness of data, effectiveness of 414. PD (Performance Data)
analysis, and clarity of conclusions to ensure
that reports provide actionable insights and Performance Data (PD) refers to quantitative
support informed decision-making. or qualitative information collected and
Maintaining high PCRQ standards enhances analyzed to assess project performance
transparency, accountability, and trust in against predefined metrics, targets, or
project performance reporting. benchmarks. PD includes metrics related to
cost, schedule, quality, scope, risk, and other
project parameters. It provides insights into
412. PCRV (Performance Control Report project health, identifies trends, and
Variance) supports decision-making to optimize
project outcomes and achieve organizational
Performance Control Report Variance (PCRV) goals.
identifies and analyzes discrepancies or
deviations between planned and actual
performance metrics reported in project 415. PDC (Post Dated Cheque)
control reports. PCRVs quantify variances in
cost, schedule, quality, or other project A Post Dated Cheque (PDC) is a check issued
parameters, highlighting areas where project with a future date written on it, rather than
performance differs from expectations. They the current date. PDCs are used in financial
facilitate root cause analysis, corrective transactions to delay payment until the
action planning, and proactive management specified date, providing flexibility and
of project risks and issues. ensuring funds are available when the check
is cashed. They are commonly used in
contractual agreements, rent payments, and
installment plans to manage cash flow and
413. PCS (Procurement and Contract
financial obligations.
Services)

Procurement and Contract Services (PCS)

encompass activities related to sourcing, 416. PDD (Project Development
acquiring, and managing goods, services, Document)
and contracts required for project execution.
PCS involves vendor selection, negotiation, A Project Development Document (PDD)
contract administration, and supplier outlines the strategic objectives, scope,
relationship management to ensure timely resources, and timeline for developing a
delivery, quality assurance, and cost control. project from concept to completion. PDDs

provide a roadmap for project planning, 419. PDP (Project Development Plan)
implementation, and evaluation, guiding
stakeholders and team members in A Project Development Plan (PDP) outlines
achieving project goals. They serve as a the strategy, objectives, tasks, resources, and
reference document throughout the project schedule for developing and implementing a
lifecycle, ensuring alignment with project. PDPs guide project managers and
organizational strategies and stakeholder teams in planning, executing, and
expectations. monitoring project activities to achieve
desired outcomes within defined
constraints. They provide a framework for
stakeholder engagement, risk management,
417. PDI (Pre-Delivery Inspection)
and performance measurement throughout
A Pre-Delivery Inspection (PDI) is a the project lifecycle.
systematic evaluation conducted to verify
the condition, functionality, and compliance
of goods or equipment before delivery to the 420. PDR (Project Design Review)
end user or client. PDIs ensure that products
meet quality standards, specifications, and A Project Design Review (PDR) is a structured
contractual requirements, minimizing evaluation conducted to assess the
defects and ensuring customer satisfaction. completeness, feasibility, and quality of
They are essential in manufacturing, project designs before implementation.
construction, and procurement processes to PDRs involve stakeholders, subject matter
mitigate risks and ensure product reliability. experts, and project teams in reviewing
technical specifications, drawings, and plans
to identify potential issues, optimize designs,
and ensure alignment with project
418. PDM (Product Data Management)
requirements and objectives. They mitigate
Product Data Management (PDM) is a risks and enhance project readiness for
system or process used to manage and execution.
control technical and commercial
information related to products throughout
their lifecycle. PDM systems facilitate 421. PDS (Project Definition Statement)
document management, revision control,
product configuration, and collaboration A Project Definition Statement (PDS) is a
among cross-functional teams. They ensure document that defines the scope, objectives,
data integrity, traceability, and accessibility, deliverables, and constraints of a project in
supporting efficient product development, clear and concise terms. PDSs establish a
manufacturing, and maintenance processes. common understanding among
stakeholders, project teams, and sponsors
regarding project expectations and success
criteria. They serve as a foundation for

project planning, resource allocation, and management procedures, and risk mitigation
decision-making throughout the project strategies. They guide procurement teams in
lifecycle. sourcing goods and services, negotiating
contracts, and managing supplier
relationships to support project goals and
422. PDU (Project Delivery Unit) optimize value delivery.

A Project Delivery Unit (PDU) is a dedicated

organizational unit or team responsible for 425. PERT (Program Evaluation and
managing and executing specific aspects of Review Technique)
project delivery. PDUs oversee project
activities, allocate resources, monitor Program Evaluation and Review Technique
performance, and ensure adherence to (PERT) is a project management tool used to
project plans and schedules. They facilitate analyze and schedule tasks within a project.
coordination, communication, and PERT charts depict task dependencies,
collaboration among stakeholders to achieve durations, and critical path analysis to
project objectives effectively and efficiently. determine project timelines and resource
requirements. They facilitate scenario
planning, risk assessment, and decision-
423. PE (Project Estimate) making to optimize project scheduling and
achieve timely project completion.
A Project Estimate (PE) refers to the
anticipated costs, resources, and time
required to complete a project. PEs are 426. PFA (Project Failure Analysis)
based on detailed analysis of project
requirements, scope, and risks, providing Project Failure Analysis (PFA) involves
stakeholders with financial forecasts and evaluating and understanding the causes
budgetary guidelines. Accurate PEs support and consequences of project failures. PFAs
decision-making, resource allocation, and identify factors such as inadequate planning,
cost control throughout the project lifecycle, resource constraints, scope changes, or
ensuring projects are completed within external influences that contribute to project
approved budgets and timelines. setbacks. They provide insights for improving
project management practices, enhancing
risk management strategies, and preventing
424. PEP (Procurement Execution Plan) future project failures.

A Procurement Execution Plan (PEP) outlines

the strategy, processes, and responsibilities 427. PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
for executing procurement activities within a
project. PEPs detail procurement objectives, A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) illustrates the
supplier selection criteria, contract sequence of steps, equipment, and materials

involved in a process or system. PFDs depict improvement efforts in project

process flows, material inputs and outputs, management.
control points, and interactions between
components to visualize and analyze process
operations. They are essential in 430. PGA (Project Governance Authority)
engineering, manufacturing, and process
industries for designing, optimizing, and Project Governance Authority (PGA) refers to
communicating complex processes the organizational body responsible for
effectively. establishing project governance frameworks,
policies, and decision-making processes.
PGAs define project governance structures,
428. PFE (Project Final Report) roles, and responsibilities to ensure projects
align with strategic objectives, regulatory
A Project Final Report (PFE) summarizes requirements, and stakeholder expectations.
project achievements, outcomes, and They oversee project portfolios, monitor
lessons learned upon project completion. performance, and provide guidance to
PFEs document project scope, objectives, project managers and teams to optimize
deliverables, and performance against project outcomes.
predefined metrics. They provide
stakeholders with insights into project
success, challenges, and recommendations 431. PI (Performance Indicator)
for future improvements. PFEs serve as
valuable references for organizational A Performance Indicator (PI) is a quantifiable
learning, project evaluations, and decision- metric used to assess and track progress
making. towards achieving specific goals or
objectives within a project or organization.
PIs measure performance in areas such as
429. PFI (Performance Factor Index) cost, schedule, quality, safety, and customer
satisfaction, providing insights into project
Performance Factor Index (PFI) is a metric health and effectiveness. They enable
used to assess and compare project stakeholders to monitor trends, identify
performance based on predefined factors deviations, and implement corrective
such as cost, schedule adherence, quality, actions to improve performance and
and customer satisfaction. PFIs quantify outcomes.
performance levels relative to established
benchmarks or industry standards, enabling
stakeholders to gauge project success and 432. PLC (Programmable Logic
identify areas for improvement. They Controller)
support performance measurement,
benchmarking, and continuous A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an
industrial control system used to automate

machinery and processes in manufacturing, PMA (Project Management Assessment)

infrastructure, and utilities. PLCs monitor
Project Management Assessment (PMA)
inputs, execute logic based on programmed
involves evaluating and improving project
instructions, and control outputs to regulate
management practices, processes, and
industrial operations. They enhance
competencies within an organization. PMAs
efficiency, reliability, and safety by
assess project management maturity,
automating repetitive tasks, coordinating
identify strengths, weaknesses, and
equipment functions, and integrating with
opportunities for enhancement, and
supervisory control systems.
recommend strategies to optimize project
performance and achieve strategic
objectives. They support organizational
433. PLM (Product Lifecycle learning, capability building, and continuous
Management) improvement in project management.

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a

system or process that manages product
information and workflows throughout their 435. PMB (Project Management Board)
lifecycle—from conception through design,
A Project Management Board (PMB) is a
manufacturing, service, and disposal. PLM
governing body responsible for overseeing
systems centralize product data, facilitate
and providing strategic direction to projects
collaboration among cross-functional teams,
within an organization. PMBs define project
and streamline processes to optimize
priorities, allocate resources, and approve
product development, ensure regulatory
project charters, plans, and budgets. They
compliance, and enhance product quality
monitor project performance, address
and innovation.
issues, and ensure alignment with
organizational goals and stakeholder
expectations to maximize project success
434. PM (Project Manager) and value delivery.

A Project Manager (PM) is responsible for

planning, executing, and overseeing projects
from initiation to completion. PMs define 436. PMBOK (Project Management Body
project objectives, scope, schedules, and of Knowledge)
resources, and manage project teams to
Project Management Body of Knowledge
achieve deliverables within constraints such
(PMBOK) refers to a comprehensive
as time, cost, and quality. They facilitate
guidebook published by the Project
communication, mitigate risks, and resolve
Management Institute (PMI) that outlines
issues to ensure project success and
best practices, principles, and processes in
stakeholder satisfaction.
project management. PMBOK provides a
framework for project managers to

effectively initiate, plan, execute, monitor, A Project Management Office (PMO) is a

control, and close projects. It serves as a centralized organizational unit or
reference for standard project management department that standardizes and supports
methodologies and contributes to project management practices within an
professional development in the field. organization. PMOs provide governance,
methodologies, tools, and resources to
ensure consistency, transparency, and
437. PMC (Project Management efficiency in managing projects. They
Committee) facilitate communication, knowledge
sharing, and continuous improvement across
A Project Management Committee (PMC) is project portfolios to achieve strategic
a formal group of stakeholders responsible objectives and deliver value.
for overseeing and governing projects within
an organization. PMCs define project
governance frameworks, review project 440. PMP (Project Management Plan)
performance, approve major decisions, and
resolve escalated issues. They provide A Project Management Plan (PMP) is a
strategic guidance, allocate resources, and formal document that defines how a project
ensure projects align with organizational will be executed, monitored, controlled, and
strategies and objectives to achieve desired closed. PMPs document project objectives,
outcomes. scope, schedules, resources, risks, and
quality requirements. They outline
communication protocols, change
438. PMI (Project Management Institute) management procedures, and stakeholder
engagement strategies to guide project
The Project Management Institute (PMI) is a execution and ensure alignment with project
global professional association that goals and organizational strategies.
promotes project management best
practices, standards, and certifications. PMI
offers resources, training, and certifications 441. PMR (Project Management Review)
such as the Project Management
Professional (PMP) to support professional A Project Management Review (PMR) is a
development and competency in project structured evaluation conducted to assess
management. It fosters collaboration, project progress, performance, and
knowledge sharing, and innovation in the compliance with project management plans
project management community worldwide. and objectives. PMRs involve stakeholders,
project teams, and sponsors in reviewing
project metrics, milestones, risks, and issues
439. PMO (Project Management Office) to identify challenges, opportunities, and
corrective actions. They ensure project
alignment with strategic goals, improve

decision-making, and optimize project an organization. PMUs oversee project

outcomes. planning, execution, monitoring, and closure
activities to ensure projects are delivered on
time, within budget, and according to quality
442. PMS (Project Management System) standards. They provide leadership,
governance, and support to project teams to
A Project Management System (PMS) refers optimize project outcomes and achieve
to software, tools, and methodologies used organizational goals.
to plan, execute, monitor, and control
projects. PMSs facilitate project scheduling,
resource allocation, task management, and 445. PO (Purchase Order)
collaboration among project teams. They
integrate project data, automate workflows, A Purchase Order (PO) is a legal document
and provide real-time insights to support issued by a buyer to a seller that outlines the
informed decision-making, enhance details of a purchase transaction. POs specify
productivity, and optimize project items or services ordered, quantities, prices,
performance. delivery dates, and terms of payment. They
formalize procurement agreements, provide
clarity to both parties, and facilitate tracking
443. PMT (Project Management Team) and reconciliation of orders and payments.
POs are essential in managing procurement
A Project Management Team (PMT) processes and maintaining supplier
comprises individuals responsible for relationships.
managing and coordinating project
activities, resources, and deliverables. PMTs
include project managers, team leaders, 446. POA (Purchase Order Amendment)
subject matter experts, and support staff
who collaborate to achieve project A Purchase Order Amendment (POA) is a
objectives within defined constraints. They formal modification or update to an existing
facilitate communication, resolve conflicts, purchase order. POAs are issued to adjust
and ensure alignment with project plans and quantities, prices, delivery schedules, or
stakeholder expectations to drive project other terms and conditions agreed upon in
success. the original purchase order. They ensure that
both buyer and seller are aligned on any
changes, maintaining accurate records and
444. PMU (Project Management Unit) facilitating smooth procurement processes.

A Project Management Unit (PMU) is a

dedicated organizational entity or 447. POB (Plant on Board)
department responsible for managing
specific projects or project portfolios within

Plant on Board (POB) refers to the total 450. PPA (Project Performance
number of personnel present on a specific Assessment)
worksite or facility, particularly in industries
like oil and gas or offshore construction. POB Project Performance Assessment (PPA)
counts are critical for safety management, involves evaluating the effectiveness and
emergency response planning, and logistical outcomes of a project against predefined
coordination, ensuring that the number of objectives and metrics. PPAs analyze aspects
individuals on-site is accurately tracked and such as cost, schedule adherence, quality,
managed. and stakeholder satisfaction. They provide
insights into project successes and areas for
improvement, supporting continuous
improvement and enhancing future project
448. POC (Percentage of Completion)
performance.
Percentage of Completion (POC) is a method
used in project management and accounting
to measure the progress of a project. It 451. PPC (Performance Progress Curve)
calculates the completion percentage based
on the amount of work performed relative to Performance Progress Curve (PPC) is a
the total project scope. POC helps in graphical representation of a project's
assessing project status, forecasting performance over time, typically showing
completion dates, and recognizing revenue planned versus actual progress. PPCs help
or costs incrementally as the project project managers track progress, identify
progresses. trends, and make data-driven decisions to
keep projects on track. They are useful tools
for visualizing performance metrics,
communicating status to stakeholders, and
449. POV (Purchase Order Variance)
forecasting project completion.
Purchase Order Variance (POV) refers to the
difference between the original purchase
order amounts and the actual costs incurred. 452. PPE (Personal Protective
POVs can occur due to changes in quantities, Equipment)
prices, or unforeseen expenses. Monitoring
and analyzing POVs help organizations Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers
understand cost deviations, improve to specialized clothing or equipment worn by
budgeting accuracy, and implement individuals to protect against health and
corrective actions to control procurement safety hazards. PPE includes items such as
expenses. helmets, gloves, eye protection, and
respiratory devices. In project environments,
especially in construction and industrial
settings, PPE is essential for ensuring worker

safety and compliance with regulatory

standards.
456. PPS (Performance Payment
Schedule)
453. PPI (Purchase Price Index) Performance Payment Schedule (PPS)
outlines the timing and criteria for payments
Purchase Price Index (PPI) measures the
based on achieving specific performance
average change in prices paid by purchasers
milestones or deliverables. PPSs ensure that
for a basket of goods and services over time.
payments are linked to measurable progress,
PPIs are used to analyze inflation, track cost
incentivizing performance and mitigating
trends, and make informed procurement
financial risk. They provide a structured
decisions. They help organizations manage
approach to managing project finances and
budgets, negotiate contracts, and
ensuring that contractors and suppliers meet
understand market dynamics to optimize
their obligations.
purchasing strategies.

457. PPV (Purchase Price Variance)

454. PPP (Performance Progress Plot)
Purchase Price Variance (PPV) measures the
Performance Progress Plot (PPP) is a visual
difference between the actual price paid for
tool used to track and display the progress of
goods or services and the standard or
project tasks or activities. PPPs show
expected price. PPVs can result from changes
planned versus actual performance, helping
in market conditions, supplier pricing, or
project managers identify variances, assess
negotiation outcomes. Monitoring PPVs
productivity, and adjust plans as needed.
helps organizations control costs, improve
They provide a clear and concise way to
budgeting accuracy, and optimize
monitor project milestones, timelines, and
procurement strategies.
overall performance.

458. PQ (Performance Qualification)

455. PPR (Performance Progress Report)
Performance Qualification (PQ) is the
Performance Progress Report (PPR) is a
process of validating that a system,
document that provides an update on the
equipment, or process performs as intended
status and progress of a project. PPRs detail
under actual operating conditions. PQ
accomplishments, challenges, and future
ensures that performance criteria are met,
plans, helping stakeholders stay informed
confirming the reliability, consistency, and
about project developments. They facilitate
quality of outputs. It is a critical step in
transparency, accountability, and effective
regulatory compliance, quality assurance,
communication, enabling timely decision-
and risk management in various industries.
making and issue resolution.

improvement, customer focus, and

regulatory compliance.
459. PQC (Performance Quality Control)

Performance Quality Control (PQC) involves

monitoring and controlling processes to 462. PQP (Project Quality Plan)
ensure that performance standards and
A Project Quality Plan (PQP) outlines the
quality requirements are met. PQC includes
quality management processes and activities
inspections, testing, and corrective actions
for a specific project. PQPs define quality
to identify and address deviations from
objectives, standards, procedures, and
quality specifications. Effective PQC helps
responsibilities to ensure that project
maintain high-quality outputs, enhance
deliverables meet or exceed stakeholder
customer satisfaction, and reduce costs
expectations. They provide a framework for
associated with rework and defects.
quality assurance, control, and continuous
improvement, supporting successful project
outcomes.
460. PQI (Performance Quality Indicator)

Performance Quality Indicator (PQI) is a

metric used to measure and assess the 463. PQR (Procedure Qualification
quality of processes, products, or services. Record)
PQIs provide insights into performance
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is a
levels, identifying strengths and areas for
document that certifies that a specific
improvement. They support continuous
process or procedure meets required
improvement initiatives, enabling
standards and specifications. PQRs are used
organizations to maintain high-quality
in industries such as welding, manufacturing,
standards, optimize processes, and achieve
and construction to validate procedures
operational excellence.
through testing and documentation. They
ensure consistency, reliability, and
compliance with regulatory and quality
461. PQM (Performance Quality requirements.
Management)

Performance Quality Management (PQM)

involves systematic activities and processes 464. PQS (Performance Quality System)
to ensure that performance meets or
Performance Quality System (PQS) is an
exceeds quality standards. PQM includes
integrated approach to managing and
planning, control, assurance, and
improving quality across an organization.
improvement activities aimed at enhancing
PQS encompasses policies, processes, tools,
quality and achieving organizational
and metrics to ensure that performance
objectives. It fosters a culture of continuous
meets quality standards. It supports

continuous improvement, enhances They support proactive risk management,

operational efficiency, and ensures enhancing project resilience and increasing
compliance with industry regulations and the likelihood of achieving project
customer expectations. objectives.

465. PQT (Performance Quality Test) 468. PRC (Performance Review

Committee)
Performance Quality Test (PQT) is a
procedure used to evaluate and verify the A Performance Review Committee (PRC) is a
quality and performance of products, group of stakeholders responsible for
systems, or processes. PQTs involve testing evaluating project performance and making
against predefined criteria to ensure that recommendations for improvement. PRCs
outputs meet specifications and standards. review progress reports, assess performance
They are critical for quality assurance, metrics, and address issues or deviations
regulatory compliance, and customer from plans. They provide oversight,
satisfaction. guidance, and support to ensure that
projects stay on track and achieve desired
outcomes.
466. PR (Purchase Requisition)

A Purchase Requisition (PR) is a formal 469. Principal (Party in Interest)

request to procure goods or services,
typically initiated by a department within an The term "Principal" or "Party in Interest"
organization. PRs detail the items needed, refers to an individual or entity with a direct
quantities, specifications, and justification and significant interest in the outcome of a
for the purchase. They trigger the transaction or project. Principals are key
procurement process, ensuring that requests stakeholders who have a vested interest in
are reviewed, approved, and processed in the project's success, including financial,
alignment with organizational policies and operational, or strategic interests. They play
budgets. a critical role in decision-making, resource
allocation, and risk management.

467. PRA (Project Risk Assessment)

470. PRM (Project Risk Management)
Project Risk Assessment (PRA) involves
identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks Project Risk Management (PRM) involves
that could impact a project's success. PRAs identifying, assessing, and controlling risks
assess the likelihood and potential impact of throughout the project lifecycle. PRM
risks, enabling project managers to develop includes risk planning, analysis, mitigation,
mitigation strategies and contingency plans. monitoring, and communication to minimize

the impact of uncertainties on project clear understanding of what needs to be

objectives. Effective PRM enhances project achieved. They serve as a basis for project
resilience, improves decision-making, and planning, design, and execution, ensuring
increases the likelihood of project success. alignment with stakeholder expectations
and regulatory standards.

471. PRO (Project Review)

474. PRT (Procurement Responsibility
A Project Review (PRO) is a formal Transfer)
assessment of a project's status, progress,
and performance against predefined Procurement Responsibility Transfer (PRT)
objectives and criteria. PROs involve refers to the process of transferring
stakeholders in evaluating key aspects such procurement responsibilities from one party
as scope, schedule, cost, quality, and risks. to another within a project or organization.
They provide insights into project health, PRTs ensure continuity and accountability in
identify issues, and recommend corrective procurement activities, facilitating smooth
actions to ensure successful project delivery. transitions and minimizing disruptions. They
involve documentation, communication, and
coordination to maintain transparency and
472. PRP (Project Risk Plan) efficiency in procurement processes.

A Project Risk Plan (PRP) outlines the

strategies, processes, and actions for 475. PS (Performance Standard)
managing risks within a project. PRPs detail
risk identification, assessment, mitigation, A Performance Standard (PS) is a set of
monitoring, and communication activities to criteria or benchmarks used to measure and
proactively address potential threats and evaluate the performance of processes,
opportunities. They support risk-informed products, or services. PSs define acceptable
decision-making, enhance project resilience, levels of quality, efficiency, and effectiveness,
and increase the likelihood of achieving providing a basis for performance
project objectives. assessment and continuous improvement.
They support regulatory compliance,
customer satisfaction, and operational
473. PRS (Project Requirements excellence.
Statement)

A Project Requirements Statement (PRS) 476. PSD (Performance Status

defines the functional, technical, and Dashboard)
operational requirements of a project. PRSs
outline the project's scope, objectives, A Performance Status Dashboard (PSD) is a
deliverables, and constraints to provide a visual tool that displays key performance

indicators (KPIs) and metrics to provide a A Pressure Test (PT) is a procedure used to
real-time overview of project or evaluate the integrity and strength of
organizational performance. PSDs help equipment, systems, or structures by
stakeholders monitor progress, identify subjecting them to controlled pressure. PTs
trends, and make informed decisions. They are critical in industries such as oil and gas,
enhance transparency, communication, and manufacturing, and construction to ensure
accountability, supporting effective safety, reliability, and compliance with
performance management. standards. They identify leaks, weaknesses,
and potential failures, supporting preventive
maintenance and risk management.
477. PSM (Performance Scorecard
Metrics)
480. PTT (Project Time Tracking)
Performance Scorecard Metrics (PSM) are
quantitative measures used to assess and Project Time Tracking (PTT) involves
track performance against strategic monitoring and recording the time spent on
objectives. PSMs provide a balanced view of project tasks and activities. PTT helps project
performance across multiple dimensions managers manage resources, track progress,
such as financial, operational, customer, and and control costs. It provides insights into
learning and growth. They support productivity, efficiency, and utilization,
performance measurement, management, supporting accurate scheduling, budgeting,
and improvement initiatives, enabling and performance assessment.
organizations to achieve their goals.

481. PTW (Permit to Work)

478. PSR (Project Status Report)
A Permit to Work (PTW) is a formal
A Project Status Report (PSR) is a document authorization required to perform specific
that provides an update on the current high-risk activities or tasks within a project or
status, progress, and issues of a project. PSRs worksite. PTWs ensure that necessary
detail accomplishments, challenges, risks, precautions, safety measures, and controls
and upcoming activities, helping are in place to mitigate risks and protect
stakeholders stay informed and engaged. workers. They enhance safety, compliance,
They facilitate communication, transparency, and coordination, particularly in hazardous
and decision-making, ensuring that projects environments such as construction,
remain aligned with objectives and manufacturing, and energy sectors.
timelines.

482. PUR (Purchase Order)

479. PT (Pressure Test)

A Purchase Order (PUR) is a formal

document issued by a buyer to a supplier
specifying the details of goods or services to 485. PXI (PCI eXtensions for
be purchased. PURs include information Instrumentation)
such as item descriptions, quantities, prices,
PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation (PXI) is a
delivery schedules, and payment terms.
modular platform used for measurement
They serve as legally binding agreements,
and automation applications. PXI combines
facilitating procurement processes and
the Peripheral Component Interconnect
ensuring clarity and accountability in
(PCI) standard with specialized
transactions.
instrumentation and data acquisition
modules, providing a flexible and scalable
solution for test and measurement systems.
483. PV (Planned Value) It supports high-performance, real-time data
processing, and integration with various
Planned Value (PV) is a project management
sensors and devices, enhancing capabilities
metric that represents the budgeted cost of
in fields such as electronics, aerospace, and
work scheduled to be completed by a
manufacturing.
specific point in time. PV is used in Earned
Value Management (EVM) to compare

Q
planned progress with actual performance. It
helps project managers assess project
health, control costs, and forecast future
performance, supporting effective project
control and decision-making.

484. PVC (Project Variance at

Completion) 486. QA (Quality Assurance)

Project Variance at Completion (PVC) Quality Assurance (QA) involves systematic

measures the difference between the activities and processes to ensure that
projected cost or schedule at the end of a products or services meet defined standards
project and the original budget or timeline. and specifications. QA focuses on preventing
PVC helps project managers identify defects through planned and systematic
deviations, understand their causes, and activities, including audits, process
implement corrective actions. It supports evaluations, and quality planning. It aims to
accurate forecasting, risk management, and enhance customer satisfaction, compliance,
performance optimization, ensuring that and continuous improvement by ensuring
projects are delivered within approved that quality requirements are consistently
constraints. met.

exceed customer expectations and

regulatory standards.
487. QA/QC (Quality Assurance/Quality
Control)

Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) 490. QC (Quality Control)

encompasses both the proactive and
Quality Control (QC) involves inspecting and
reactive aspects of quality management. QA
testing products or services to ensure they
involves establishing processes to prevent
meet specified quality standards. QC
defects, while QC focuses on identifying and
activities identify defects or non-
addressing defects in products or services.
conformities, enabling corrective actions to
Together, QA/QC ensures comprehensive
be taken before delivery to customers. QC is
quality management, enhancing reliability,
a critical component of quality management,
compliance, and customer satisfaction
ensuring that outputs are consistent,
through coordinated efforts.
reliable, and meet customer requirements.

488. QAP (Quality Assurance Plan)

491. QCP (Quality Control Plan)
A Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) outlines the
A Quality Control Plan (QCP) outlines the
strategies, processes, and activities for
procedures, criteria, and responsibilities for
ensuring quality in a project or organization.
ensuring quality control in a project or
QAPs detail quality objectives,
process. QCPs detail specific tests,
responsibilities, procedures, and standards
inspections, and quality checks to be
to be followed, ensuring that quality
conducted, along with acceptance criteria
requirements are met consistently. They
and corrective actions. They provide a
serve as a roadmap for quality management,
structured approach to managing quality,
supporting effective implementation,
supporting compliance and continuous
monitoring, and continuous improvement.
improvement.

489. QAS (Quality Assurance System)

492. QCT (Quality Control Team)
A Quality Assurance System (QAS) is a
A Quality Control Team (QCT) is a group of
structured framework that defines the
professionals responsible for implementing
policies, procedures, and processes for
and managing quality control activities
ensuring quality within an organization. QAS
within an organization. QCTs conduct
includes activities such as audits, reviews,
inspections, tests, and reviews to ensure that
and evaluations to monitor and improve
products or services meet quality standards.
quality performance. It aims to ensure that
They play a key role in identifying defects,
products or services consistently meet or

ensuring compliance, and driving continuous managing quality, supporting effective

improvement in quality performance. implementation and monitoring of quality
activities.

493. QD (Quantity Surveyor)

496. QS (Quantity Surveyor)
A Quantity Surveyor (QD) is a professional
who specializes in managing and controlling A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a professional
costs within construction projects. QDs are who manages and controls all costs related
responsible for estimating project costs, to construction and civil engineering
preparing budgets, and conducting cost projects. QSs are involved in the entire
analyses. They ensure that projects are project lifecycle, from initial estimates and
completed within budget, providing financial budget planning to cost management and
and contractual advice to optimize resource final account settlement. They ensure that
allocation and cost efficiency. projects are cost-effective, completed on
time, and meet financial constraints.

494. QMS (Quality Management System)

497. Qty (Quantity)
A Quality Management System (QMS) is a
formalized system that documents Quantity (Qty) refers to the amount or
processes, procedures, and responsibilities number of items or units of a product or
for achieving quality policies and objectives. material. It is a critical parameter in
QMS helps organizations ensure consistent procurement, inventory management, and
quality in products and services, enhancing production processes. Accurate quantity
customer satisfaction and regulatory measurements ensure proper resource
compliance. It supports continuous allocation, cost control, and efficient project
improvement through systematic execution.
monitoring, evaluation, and refinement of
quality processes.
498. QVL (Qualified Vendors List)

495. QP (Quality Plan) A Qualified Vendors List (QVL) is a curated list

of vendors or suppliers that have been
A Quality Plan (QP) outlines the quality evaluated and approved based on specific
requirements, standards, and procedures for criteria such as quality, reliability, and
a specific project or product. QPs detail the performance. QVLs ensure that only pre-
quality objectives, roles and responsibilities, approved vendors are used for procurement,
inspection criteria, and corrective actions to enhancing supply chain efficiency, reducing
ensure that quality expectations are met. risks, and ensuring compliance with quality
They provide a structured approach to and regulatory standards.

organizations to develop mitigation

R
strategies. Effective RA enhances decision-
making, improves safety, and ensures that
risks are managed proactively to minimize
adverse effects.

R&D (Research and Development) 501. RACI (Responsible, Accountable,

Research and Development (R&D) involves Consulted, Informed)
systematic activities undertaken to innovate, RACI is a responsibility assignment matrix
introduce new products or services, or that clarifies roles and responsibilities in a
improve existing ones. R&D aims to generate project or process. It stands for Responsible,
knowledge and apply it to create new Accountable, Consulted, and Informed. This
technologies, processes, or solutions. It is framework ensures clear communication
crucial for maintaining competitive and accountability, helping to prevent
advantage, fostering innovation, and driving confusion and overlaps in tasks. It facilitates
long-term growth in various industries. effective project management by defining
who does what, who makes decisions, who
needs to be consulted, and who should be
499. R&R (Repeatability and kept informed.
Reproducibility)

Repeatability and Reproducibility (R&R) refer

502. RAM (Reliability, Availability, and
to the consistency of measurements or
results when repeated under identical Maintainability)
conditions (repeatability) and by different Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability
operators or equipment (reproducibility). (RAM) are key attributes of systems and
R&R studies are essential in quality control to equipment that determine their
ensure that measurement systems are performance over time. Reliability refers to
reliable, accurate, and can be trusted to the ability to perform without failure,
produce consistent results over time. availability is the proportion of time the
system is operational, and maintainability is
the ease and speed of performing
500. RA (Risk Assessment) maintenance. RAM analysis helps in
designing systems that are dependable, cost-
Risk Assessment (RA) is the process of effective, and easy to maintain.
identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks
associated with a project, process, or
activity. RA helps in understanding potential
threats and their impacts, allowing

503. RAMS (Reliability, Availability,

Maintainability, and Safety)
506. RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete)
RAMS extends the RAM concept by including
Safety, focusing on the ability of systems to Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a
operate reliably, be available when needed, composite material in which concrete's
be maintained efficiently, and do so without compressive strength is combined with steel
posing risks to safety. RAMS analysis is reinforcement's tensile strength. This
critical in high-risk industries like aerospace, combination enhances the structural
defense, and healthcare, ensuring that performance of concrete, making it suitable
systems perform consistently and safely for building robust and durable structures
under various conditions. like bridges, buildings, and dams. RCC is
widely used in construction due to its
strength, versatility, and cost-effectiveness.

504. RBS (Resource Breakdown

Structure)
507. RCM (Risk Control Matrix)
A Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS) is a
A Risk Control Matrix (RCM) is a tool used to
hierarchical decomposition of resources
identify, assess, and manage risks by
required for a project. It categorizes and
mapping them against control measures. The
organizes resources, such as personnel,
RCM outlines potential risks, their impacts,
equipment, and materials, into a structured
format. RBS helps project managers plan, and the corresponding controls or
allocate, and manage resources effectively, mitigations in place. It helps organizations
ensuring that all necessary resources are ensure that adequate controls are
identified and accounted for throughout the implemented to manage risks effectively,
supporting regulatory compliance and
project lifecycle.
operational efficiency.

505. RC (Risk Category)

508. RCO (Risk Control Officer)
Risk Category (RC) refers to the classification
A Risk Control Officer (RCO) is responsible for
of risks based on their nature, source, or
overseeing and managing risk control
impact. Common categories include
financial, operational, strategic, and activities within an organization. The RCO
compliance risks. Categorizing risks helps ensures that risk management policies and
organizations prioritize and address them procedures are implemented effectively,
more effectively, ensuring that risk monitors risk exposures, and coordinates
risk mitigation efforts. This role is crucial for
management efforts are focused on areas of
maintaining a proactive approach to risk
greatest significance or vulnerability.

management and ensuring organizational

resilience.
512. RF (Request for)

Request for (RF) is a general term used to

509. RE (Revised Estimate) initiate formal requests for various project
needs, such as information, approval, bids,
A Revised Estimate (RE) is an updated cost
changes, or proposals. RFs are essential for
estimate for a project or activity, reflecting
structured communication and
changes in scope, conditions, or other
documentation, ensuring that all project
factors. REs are prepared when initial
requirements and inquiries are clearly
estimates are found to be insufficient or
articulated and addressed in a timely
inaccurate due to unforeseen circumstances.
manner.
They provide a more accurate financial
outlook, helping project managers adjust
budgets and plans accordingly.
513. RFA (Request For Approval)

Request For Approval (RFA) is a formal

510. REA (Revised Estimate Approval) submission seeking authorization for specific
actions, plans, or expenditures. RFAs are
Revised Estimate Approval (REA) is the
used to obtain official consent from relevant
formal process of reviewing and approving
authorities or stakeholders, ensuring that
revised cost estimates for a project or
proposed activities are reviewed and
activity. REA ensures that any changes in the
sanctioned before implementation. This
project budget are justified, documented,
process helps maintain control and
and authorized by relevant stakeholders. It
compliance within projects and
helps maintain financial control and
organizations.
accountability, ensuring that project funds
are used effectively.

514. RFB (Request for Bid)

511. REV (Revision) Request for Bid (RFB) is a formal invitation
issued to potential suppliers or contractors
Revision (REV) refers to the process of
to submit bids for providing goods, services,
modifying, updating, or improving
or works. RFBs include detailed
documents, plans, or designs. Revisions are
specifications, requirements, and evaluation
made to incorporate new information,
criteria. They aim to procure competitive
correct errors, or reflect changes in project
offers, ensuring the selection of the most
scope or requirements. They ensure that all
suitable vendor based on price, quality, and
stakeholders have the most current and
capability.
accurate information, supporting effective
decision-making and project execution.

515. RFC (Request for Change) Request for Proposal (RFP) is a formal
document inviting vendors to submit
Request for Change (RFC) is a formal detailed proposals for providing goods,
proposal to alter aspects of a project, such as services, or works. RFPs specify project
scope, schedule, or budget. RFCs are requirements, scope, evaluation criteria, and
reviewed and evaluated for their impact submission guidelines. They are used to
before approval or rejection. This process solicit comprehensive solutions and enable a
ensures that changes are managed thorough evaluation of vendor capabilities,
systematically, minimizing disruptions and ensuring the best fit for project needs.
maintaining project alignment with goals
and constraints.

519. RFQ (Request for Quotation)

516. RFI (Request for Information) Request for Quotation (RFQ) is a formal
request issued to suppliers to submit price
Request for Information (RFI) is a formal quotations for specific goods or services.
inquiry seeking clarification or additional RFQs include detailed specifications and
details about a project, product, or service. quantities, enabling suppliers to provide
RFIs are used during the planning and accurate pricing information. This process
procurement phases to gather information helps organizations obtain competitive
necessary for informed decision-making. pricing and select vendors based on cost-
They help bridge knowledge gaps, ensuring effectiveness and quality.
that all parties have a clear understanding of
requirements and expectations.

520. RFS (Request for Services)

517. RFO (Request for Offer) Request for Services (RFS) is a formal request
seeking proposals or bids for providing
Request for Offer (RFO) is a solicitation specific services. RFSs outline the scope,
issued to potential suppliers to submit offers requirements, and evaluation criteria for the
or proposals for providing goods, services, or services needed. They aim to identify and
works. RFOs outline the requirements and engage qualified service providers, ensuring
evaluation criteria, aiming to procure that the required services are delivered
competitive and suitable offers. This process effectively and efficiently.
facilitates the selection of the best vendor
based on factors such as cost, quality, and
capability.
521. RFT (Request for Tender)

Request for Tender (RFT) is a formal

518. RFP (Request for Proposal) invitation to suppliers or contractors to
submit tenders for providing goods, services,

or works. RFTs include detailed developing strategies to mitigate or manage

specifications, terms, and conditions, aiming them. This process ensures that risks are
to procure competitive and suitable tenders. addressed proactively, reducing their
This process ensures transparency and potential adverse effects on project
fairness in vendor selection, supporting objectives. RISK supports informed decision-
effective procurement. making, enhancing project resilience and
success.

522. RFx (Request for Proposal, Request

for Quotation, Request for Information) 525. Risks (Risks and Opportunities)

RFx is a collective term encompassing Risks and Opportunities (Risks) refer to

various formal requests used in potential events or conditions that could
procurement, such as Request for Proposal negatively or positively impact project
(RFP), Request for Quotation (RFQ), and objectives. Effective risk management
Request for Information (RFI). RFx processes involves identifying, assessing, and
facilitate structured communication with addressing both risks and opportunities to
suppliers, ensuring that all procurement optimize project outcomes. Balancing risks
requirements are clearly articulated and and opportunities helps organizations
competitive offers are obtained. capitalize on favorable conditions while
mitigating adverse effects.

523. RI (Risk Impact)

526. RMA (Return Material
Risk Impact (RI) refers to the potential Authorization)
consequences or effects of a risk event on
project objectives, such as cost, schedule, Return Material Authorization (RMA) is a
scope, or quality. Assessing risk impact helps formal process for returning defective or
organizations understand the severity of unwanted products to the supplier for repair,
risks and prioritize them accordingly. replacement, or refund. RMAs ensure that
Effective RI analysis supports risk returns are managed systematically, with
management efforts, enabling proactive proper authorization and documentation.
mitigation and response strategies. This process helps maintain quality control,
customer satisfaction, and efficient handling
of returns.
524. RISK (Risk Assessment & Mitigation
Planning)
527. RMS (Risk Management System)
Risk Assessment & Mitigation Planning (RISK)
involves identifying potential risks, A Risk Management System (RMS) is a
evaluating their impact and likelihood, and structured framework for identifying,

assessing, and managing risks within an of project costs, helping stakeholders make
organization. RMS includes policies, informed decisions during the initial
procedures, tools, and practices for planning phase. They are less accurate than
systematic risk management. It supports detailed estimates but useful for feasibility
proactive risk mitigation, compliance, and analysis and budgeting.
continuous improvement, enhancing
organizational resilience and performance.
531. ROW (Right-of-Way)

528. RN (Risk Number) Right-of-Way (ROW) is a legal right to pass

through or use a specific piece of land for
Risk Number (RN) is a numerical value transportation, utilities, or other
assigned to a risk based on its impact and infrastructure projects. ROWs are essential
likelihood, often used in risk prioritization for constructing and maintaining roads,
and analysis. RNs help quantify risks, pipelines, railways, and other facilities. They
enabling organizations to assess their ensure that necessary land access is
severity and prioritize them for mitigation. obtained and managed, supporting project
This systematic approach supports effective development and operation.
risk management and informed decision-
making.
532. RP (Risk Plan)

529. ROI (Return on Investment) A Risk Plan (RP) is a comprehensive

document outlining the strategies and
Return on Investment (ROI) is a financial actions for managing risks within a project or
metric used to evaluate the profitability of an organization. RPs include risk identification,
investment. It is calculated by dividing the assessment, mitigation, monitoring, and
net gain from the investment by the initial reporting processes. They ensure that risks
cost and is usually expressed as a are systematically addressed, enhancing
percentage. ROI helps organizations assess project success and organizational resilience.
the efficiency and potential returns of
investments, guiding strategic decision-
making. 533. RR (Request for Resource)

Request for Resource (RR) is a formal request

530. ROM (Rough Order of Magnitude) to allocate specific resources, such as
personnel, equipment, or materials, to a
Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) is an early- project or task. RRs ensure that resource
stage cost estimate for a project, typically needs are clearly communicated and
based on limited information. ROM authorized, supporting effective resource
estimates provide a preliminary assessment planning and management. This process

helps optimize resource utilization and

project execution.
537. RTM (Requirements Traceability
Matrix)
534. RSO (Responsibility, Authority, and Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) is a
Relationships matrix) document that maps and tracks the
relationship between requirements and
Responsibility, Authority, and Relationships
their corresponding deliverables, ensuring
matrix (RSO) is a tool used to define and
that all requirements are addressed
clarify roles, responsibilities, authority levels,
throughout the project lifecycle. RTMs
and relationships within an organization or
support effective project management by
project. RSOs help prevent
providing a clear overview of requirements,
misunderstandings, ensure accountability,
enhancing traceability, and facilitating
and facilitate efficient decision-making and
impact analysis.
communication. They support effective
organizational structure and project
management.
538. RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is a device used

535. RT (Risk Tolerance) in industrial and infrastructure applications
to monitor and control remote equipment
Risk Tolerance (RT) refers to the acceptable
and systems. RTUs collect data from sensors,
level of risk that an organization or individual
transmit it to central control systems, and
is willing to accept in pursuit of objectives. RT
execute commands from operators. They are
is influenced by factors such as risk appetite,
essential for real-time monitoring, control,
objectives, and external conditions.
and automation in sectors such as energy,
Understanding RT helps organizations align
water, and transportation.
their risk management strategies with their
goals and ensure informed decision-making.

539. RV (Risk Value)

536. RTB (Reason to Believe) Risk Value (RV) is a measure that combines
the impact and likelihood of a risk to quantify
Reason to Believe (RTB) is a concept used in
its significance. RV helps prioritize risks,
marketing and communication, referring to
enabling organizations to focus on those
the justification or evidence that supports a
with the highest potential impact. This
claim or promise. RTBs provide credibility
quantitative approach supports effective risk
and trustworthiness, helping to persuade
management and resource allocation.
and convince the audience. They are
essential for building consumer confidence
and supporting brand messaging.

540. RWA (Risk Work Assessment) availability, and potential risks to determine
if the timeline aligns with project goals.
Risk Work Assessment (RWA) is a systematic Regular assessments ensure that
process for evaluating and managing risks adjustments can be made proactively to
associated with specific work activities or optimize schedule performance and
projects. RWAs identify potential hazards, minimize delays.
assess their impact and likelihood, and
develop mitigation strategies. This process
ensures that risks are proactively addressed,
543. SAC (Schedule At Completion):
enhancing safety, compliance, and project
success. Schedule At Completion (SAC) represents the
planned end date for all project activities. It
provides a benchmark for measuring

S progress and performance throughout the

project lifecycle. SAC helps stakeholders
understand the expected timeline for project
delivery and allows for adjustments to be
made to meet deadlines effectively.

541. S (Schedule): 544. SAP (Schedule Assessment Process):

The schedule in project management is a The Schedule Assessment Process (SAP) is a

detailed timeline that outlines the sequence systematic approach to evaluating and
of tasks, their start and finish dates, and improving the project schedule. It includes
dependencies. It serves as a roadmap for reviewing scheduling methods, identifying
project execution, ensuring tasks are critical paths, and assessing resource
completed in a logical order to achieve allocations. SAP ensures that the schedule is
project objectives on time. Effective robust, realistic, and aligned with project
scheduling involves resource allocation, risk objectives, supporting efficient project
management, and regular monitoring to management and timely delivery.
adapt to changes and maintain project
momentum.
545. SAT (System Acceptance Test):

542. SA (Schedule Assessment): System Acceptance Test (SAT) is a phase in

the project lifecycle where the completed
Schedule Assessment involves evaluating the system is tested under real-world conditions
feasibility and realism of the project to ensure it meets specified requirements
schedule. It assesses factors such as task and functions as intended. SAT evaluates
durations, dependencies, resource system performance, reliability, and usability

before final deployment, ensuring that

stakeholders have confidence in its
capabilities. 549. SCE (Schedule Control Engineer):

A Schedule Control Engineer (SCE) monitors

and manages the project schedule
546. SBI (System Built Inspection): throughout its lifecycle. SCE analyzes
progress, updates timelines, and identifies
System Built Inspection (SBI) involves a
critical paths to ensure tasks are completed
thorough examination of the construction or
on time. They collaborate with stakeholders
assembly of system components to verify
to address schedule deviations and
compliance with design specifications and
implement corrective actions, supporting
quality standards. It ensures that all parts are
project success and delivery.
correctly assembled and integrated,
identifying any deviations that may affect
system performance or safety.
550. SCL (Schedule Control Logic):

Schedule Control Logic (SCL) refers to the

547. SC (Schedule Compliance): systematic arrangement of project tasks
based on their dependencies and sequences.
Schedule Compliance refers to the degree to
It identifies critical paths, milestones, and
which project activities adhere to the
slack time to optimize schedule
planned timeline and milestones. It
management. SCL ensures that tasks are
measures actual progress against scheduled
prioritized and executed in the correct order,
benchmarks to assess project performance.
minimizing delays and enhancing project
High schedule compliance indicates effective
efficiency.
project management, while deviations may
require adjustments to mitigate risks and
maintain schedule integrity.
SCM (Supply Chain Management):
Supply Chain Management (SCM) involves
548. SCC (Schedule Control Committee): the planning, coordination, and optimization
of processes related to sourcing,
The Schedule Control Committee (SCC) is a procurement, production, and distribution
group responsible for overseeing and of goods and services. SCM ensures that
managing the project schedule. SCC reviews resources are efficiently utilized, costs are
schedule performance, identifies potential minimized, and customer satisfaction is
delays or risks, and makes decisions to keep enhanced. It plays a crucial role in supporting
the project on track. They play a crucial role business operations and achieving
in ensuring that scheduling conflicts are competitive advantage in the marketplace.
resolved promptly, optimizing project
efficiency and delivery.

551. SCP (Schedule Control Plan): 554. SD (Secure Digital):

A Schedule Control Plan (SCP) outlines Secure Digital (SD) refers to a type of
strategies and procedures for monitoring, memory card used for storing data in
evaluating, and adjusting the project electronic devices such as cameras,
schedule. It includes tools, metrics, and smartphones, and digital audio players. SD
responsibilities for tracking progress, cards are popular due to their compact size,
identifying deviations, and implementing high storage capacity, and compatibility with
corrective actions. SCP ensures that schedule various devices. They provide reliable
changes are managed effectively to maintain storage solutions for personal and
project timelines and deliverables. professional use, supporting data transfer
and backup needs.

552. SCT (Schedule Control Team):

555. SDR (Second Document Review):
The Schedule Control Team (SCT) is
responsible for overseeing and managing the Second Document Review (SDR) is a quality
project schedule on a day-to-day basis. SCT control process that involves a secondary
monitors task progress, identifies schedule review of documents to ensure accuracy,
risks, and collaborates with stakeholders to completeness, and compliance with
resolve issues promptly. They play a critical standards. SDR helps in identifying errors,
role in maintaining schedule integrity and inconsistencies, or omissions that may
ensuring that project milestones are impact document integrity or project
achieved on time. outcomes. It ensures that documents meet
specified requirements and quality criteria
before final approval or dissemination.
553. S-Curve (A graphical representation
of cumulative project performance):
556. SDRL (Shop Detail and Review List):
An S-Curve visually represents the
cumulative progress of a project over time, Shop Detail and Review List (SDRL) outlines
comparing planned versus actual detailed specifications and review
performance. It helps in monitoring project requirements for shop drawings and
health, forecasting future trends, and materials. It ensures that all necessary
identifying deviations from the baseline details are provided and reviewed for
schedule. S-Curves are essential for accuracy and compliance. SDRL supports
stakeholders to assess project progress and quality assurance and control in
make informed decisions to mitigate risks manufacturing, construction, and
and optimize resources. procurement processes, ensuring that
products meet design specifications and
performance standards.

560. SFPD (Schedule Performance Data):

557. SF (Schedule Factor): Schedule Performance Data (SFPD) includes

metrics and information related to the
Schedule Factor (SF) evaluates the efficiency progress and performance of the project
and effectiveness of the project schedule schedule. It provides insights into task
based on various performance metrics. It completion rates, milestones achieved, and
considers factors such as task duration, schedule adherence. SFPD helps project
resource allocation, and dependencies to managers monitor performance trends,
assess schedule optimization. SF helps in identify deviations, and make data-driven
identifying opportunities for improving decisions to optimize schedule management
project timelines and resource management and project outcomes.
to achieve timely project completion.

561. SFPI (Schedule Performance Index):

558. SFC (Sales and Freight Cost):
Schedule Performance Index (SFPI) is a
Sales and Freight Cost (SFC) includes performance metric that compares the
expenses associated with selling goods and earned value (EV) of work completed to the
transporting them to customers. It planned value (PV) of work scheduled. SFPI
comprises costs such as packaging, shipping, greater than one indicates ahead-of-
insurance, and handling fees. Understanding schedule performance, while SFPI less than
SFC is essential for pricing strategies, one indicates delays. SFPI helps in assessing
profitability analysis, and cost management schedule efficiency, forecasting project
to ensure competitive pricing and customer completion dates, and identifying areas for
satisfaction. improvement in schedule management.

559. SFL (Schedule Float Logic): 562. SFR (Schedule Forecast Report):
Schedule Float Logic (SFL) manages float or Schedule Forecast Report (SFR) predicts
slack time within the project schedule to future project schedule performance based
accommodate delays without impacting on current progress and trends. It includes
critical milestones. It identifies non-critical analysis of schedule variances, risk
tasks and allocates float time to minimize assessments, and anticipated impacts on
schedule risks. SFL ensures that project project timelines. SFR helps stakeholders
timelines remain flexible, allowing for anticipate challenges, allocate resources
adjustments in task sequencing and resource effectively, and proactively manage schedule
allocation to optimize project efficiency. risks to ensure on-time project delivery.

563. SFU (Schedule Float Usage): 566. SLA (Service Level Agreement):

Schedule Float Usage (SFU) measures how Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a
effectively float or slack time is utilized contractual agreement between a service
within the project schedule. It assesses the provider and a customer that defines the
allocation of non-critical task time to level of service expected. SLA specifies
accommodate delays or changes without metrics such as response times, availability,
affecting critical milestones. SFU ensures performance standards, and penalties for
that float is managed efficiently, supporting non-compliance. It ensures that both parties
schedule flexibility and risk mitigation have clear expectations and responsibilities,
strategies to maintain project timelines. supporting service delivery, quality
assurance, and customer satisfaction.

564. SI (Supply Invoice):

567. SLD (Single Line Diagram):
Supply Invoice (SI) is a document issued by a
supplier to a buyer detailing the goods or Single Line Diagram (SLD) is a simplified
services provided, quantities, prices, and representation of an electrical system,
payment terms. SI serves as a formal request showing connections and components in a
for payment and supports financial single line. SLD is used for planning, design,
transactions between parties. It ensures and troubleshooting electrical installations.
transparency and accountability in It provides a clear overview of the system's
procurement processes, facilitating accurate layout, facilitating communication among
record-keeping and compliance with engineers, technicians, and stakeholders
contractual agreements. involved in electrical projects.

565. SIT (System Integration Test): 568. SME (Subject Matter Expert):

System Integration Test (SIT) verifies the Subject Matter Expert (SME) is an individual
interaction and functionality of integrated with specialized knowledge and expertise in
system components to ensure they work a specific field or subject area. SMEs provide
together as intended. SIT evaluates system valuable insights, guidance, and support
performance, interoperability, and data based on their deep understanding of
exchange across different subsystems. It industry practices, trends, and challenges.
identifies integration issues early in the They contribute to project success by
project lifecycle, enabling timely resolution offering technical advice, problem-solving
and minimizing risks during system skills, and mentorship to teams and
deployment. stakeholders.

569. SOP (Standard Operating

Procedure):
572. SOW (Scope of Work):
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a
documented set of step-by-step instructions Scope of Work (SOW) defines the tasks,
and guidelines for carrying out routine deliverables, and objectives that a contractor
operations or tasks. SOP ensures or service provider is expected to complete
consistency, quality, and compliance with for a project. SOW clarifies project
industry standards and regulations. It defines requirements, timelines, and responsibilities
roles, responsibilities, and best practices to to ensure mutual understanding between
streamline processes, minimize errors, and parties. It serves as a contractual document,
enhance operational efficiency in various guiding project execution and enabling
sectors. effective management of project scope,
resources, and expectations.

570. SOR (Statement of Requirements):

573. SP (Specification):
Statement of Requirements (SOR) outlines
the functional and technical specifications, Specification (SP) defines the detailed
criteria, and objectives that a product or requirements, characteristics, and standards
system must meet. SOR serves as a that a product, service, or project must
foundation for design, development, and meet. SP ensures that deliverables meet
procurement processes, ensuring that quality, performance, and regulatory
deliverables align with stakeholder requirements. It provides clear guidelines for
expectations. It guides project planning, design, manufacturing, and evaluation
resource allocation, and decision-making to processes, facilitating communication
achieve desired outcomes effectively. between stakeholders and ensuring
consistency in project outcomes.

571. SOV (Share of Voices):

574. SP3D (Smart Plant 3D):
Share of Voices (SOV) measures the relative
market share or visibility of a brand or Smart Plant 3D (SP3D) is a software tool used
product in relation to competitors within a for creating 3D models of plant facilities,
specific market segment. SOV indicates the equipment, and piping systems in
brand's presence in consumer conversations, engineering and construction projects. SP3D
media coverage, and advertising channels. It enhances efficiency, collaboration, and
helps marketers assess brand performance, visualization in plant projects by integrating
competitiveness, and effectiveness of design, engineering, and construction data.
marketing strategies in reaching target It supports accurate design, layout, and
audiences.

construction planning, improving project maintenance planning, reducing downtime

execution and operational performance. and operational costs.

575. SPC (Statistical Process Control): 578. SPMS (Schedule Performance

Measurement System):
Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a quality
control method used to monitor and control Schedule Performance Measurement
processes by statistical analysis. SPC System (SPMS) is a framework for measuring
identifies variations and trends in process and analyzing project schedule performance.
data, ensuring consistency and quality in SPMS includes metrics, tools, and processes
manufacturing and production. It helps in for assessing schedule adherence,
detecting and addressing deviations before identifying variances, and making data-
they affect product quality, enhancing driven decisions. It helps in optimizing
process efficiency and customer satisfaction. project timelines and improving overall
performance by providing visibility into
schedule performance trends and critical
576. SPI (Schedule Performance Index): path analysis.

Schedule Performance Index (SPI) is a

measure of schedule efficiency, comparing 579. SPQ (Single Purchase Order):
the earned value of work performed to the
planned value. SPI greater than one indicates Single Purchase Order (SPQ) is a document
ahead-of-schedule performance, while SPI issued by a buyer to a supplier, specifying the
less than one indicates delays. SPI helps in goods or services to be purchased,
assessing project progress and forecasting quantities, prices, and terms. SPQ
future performance, enabling proactive consolidates multiple orders into a single
management of schedule variances and transaction, simplifying procurement and
resource allocation. reducing administrative costs. It streamlines
purchasing processes, improves supplier
relationships, and ensures accurate order
577. SPIR (Spare Parts Interchangeability fulfillment and invoicing.
Record):

Spare Parts Interchangeability Record (SPIR) 580. SQ (System Qualification):

documents the interchangeability of spare
parts across different equipment or systems. System Qualification (SQ) is a process of
It ensures that compatible parts can be used testing and validating a system to ensure it
interchangeably without compromising meets specified requirements and operates
performance or safety. SPIR supports correctly in its intended environment. SQ
efficient inventory management and includes verification of functionality,

performance, and compliance with It includes reviewing task durations,

regulatory standards. It ensures that systems dependencies, and milestones. SR helps in
are reliable and meet user expectations, identifying potential risks, optimizing
supporting successful deployment and resource allocation, and improving schedule
operational efficiency. performance by identifying and mitigating
issues that could impact project timelines.

581. SQA (Software Quality Assurance):

584. SRA (Supplier Rating Assessment):
Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is a
systematic process of ensuring that software Supplier Rating Assessment (SRA) evaluates
products and processes conform to the performance and capabilities of
requirements, standards, and procedures. suppliers based on predefined criteria. SRA
SQA involves quality planning, software considers factors such as quality, reliability,
testing, and auditing to identify and resolve delivery, and cost-effectiveness. It helps in
defects. It aims to enhance software selecting and managing suppliers, ensuring
reliability, usability, and customer that they meet organizational requirements
satisfaction by ensuring that products meet and contribute to business success by
quality expectations and regulatory fostering strong supplier relationships and
compliance. optimizing supply chain efficiency.

582. SQC (Statistical Quality Control): 585. SRE (Supplier Request for
Quotation):
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is a method
for monitoring and controlling product Supplier Request for Quotation (SRE) is a
quality through statistical analysis. SQC uses formal request sent to suppliers to provide
techniques such as control charts and pricing and terms for products or services.
sampling to measure process variability and SRE specifies requirements, quantities,
identify deviations from quality standards. It delivery schedules, and other details. It helps
helps in maintaining consistent product in obtaining competitive bids and
quality, reducing defects, and optimizing negotiating favorable terms with suppliers,
manufacturing processes for improved supporting cost-effective procurement and
efficiency and customer satisfaction. supply chain management.

583. SR (Schedule Review): 586. SRM (Supplier Relationship

Management):
Schedule Review (SR) involves assessing the
project schedule to ensure accuracy, Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
feasibility, and alignment with project goals. involves managing interactions and

relationships with suppliers to achieve construction, manufacturing, and food

strategic objectives. SRM focuses on processing industries due to its durability,
collaboration, performance evaluation, and hygiene, and aesthetic appeal. It offers
continuous improvement. It aims to optimize excellent resistance to rust and staining,
supplier partnerships and enhance supply making it suitable for various applications
chain efficiency by fostering transparency, where strength and longevity are essential.
trust, and mutual benefit between
organizations and their suppliers.
590. SSR (Subcontractors' Schedule
Review):
587. SRP (Schedule Risk Plan):
Subcontractors' Schedule Review (SSR)
Schedule Risk Plan (SRP) outlines strategies involves evaluating the project schedules of
and measures for managing schedule- subcontractors to ensure alignment with the
related risks within a project. It includes risk main project timeline. It includes reviewing
identification, assessment, mitigation task dependencies, milestones, and
strategies, and contingency plans. SRP completion dates. SSR helps in coordinating
ensures proactive management of schedule subcontractor activities and maintaining
uncertainties, minimizing potential delays overall project schedule integrity by
and disruptions to maintain project timelines identifying and addressing schedule
and deliverables. discrepancies or delays.

588. SRS (Schedule Risk Score): 591. ST (Schedule Tolerance):

Schedule Risk Score (SRS) is a numerical Schedule Tolerance (ST) refers to the
value that quantifies the level of schedule acceptable deviation or variation in project
risk within a project. SRS considers factors task durations without impacting the overall
such as task dependencies, resource schedule. ST allows for flexibility in task
availability, and external influences. It helps execution while ensuring that project
in prioritizing risks, allocating resources, and milestones are met. It helps in managing
developing effective risk management uncertainties and optimizing resource
strategies to mitigate schedule uncertainties allocation to maintain project timelines and
and ensure timely project delivery. deliverables effectively.

589. SS (Stainless Steel): 592. STS (Schedule Tracking System):

Stainless Steel (SS) is a corrosion-resistant Schedule Tracking System (STS) is a software

alloy containing iron, chromium, nickel, and or tool used to monitor and manage project
other elements. SS is widely used in schedules in real-time. STS tracks task

progress, milestones, and dependencies, procedures, tools, and requirements. It helps

providing visibility into project performance. in training employees, maintaining
It supports proactive decision-making and standards, and achieving operational
timely adjustments to optimize schedule efficiency by providing clear guidelines for
adherence and mitigate risks, ensuring executing tasks according to established best
successful project execution. practices.

593. SV (Schedule Variance): 596. SWMS (Safe Work Method

Statement):
Schedule Variance (SV) is a measure of
deviation between the planned and actual Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) is a
progress of project tasks. SV indicates document that outlines the hazards and risks
whether tasks are ahead of schedule associated with a specific work task or
(positive variance) or behind schedule project. SWMS describes control measures,
(negative variance). It helps in assessing safety precautions, and emergency
project performance, identifying causes of procedures to ensure safe work practices. It
delays, and implementing corrective actions helps in compliance with health and safety
to optimize schedule management and regulations and protects workers from
ensure timely project delivery. workplace hazards, promoting a safe and
productive work environment.

594. SW (Scope of Work):

Scope of Work (SW) defines the tasks,

deliverables, and responsibilities for a
project or contract. It outlines project
objectives, constraints, and exclusions to
ensure clarity and alignment among
T
stakeholders. SW guides project execution,
helping to manage expectations and mitigate
597. T&C (Terms and Conditions):
scope creep by defining what is included and
excluded from the project. Terms and Conditions (T&C) are contractual
provisions that define the rights,
responsibilities, and obligations of parties in
595. SWI (Standard Work Instruction): a transaction or agreement. T&C specify
details such as payment terms, delivery
Standard Work Instruction (SWI) provides conditions, warranties, and dispute
step-by-step instructions for performing a resolution mechanisms. They ensure clarity
specific task or operation. SWI ensures
consistency, quality, and safety by detailing

and agreement between parties, minimizing

misunderstandings and legal risks.
TBE (To Be Established):
To Be Established (TBE) indicates that certain
598. T&M (Time and Material): details, plans, or criteria are yet to be defined
or finalized. TBE is used in project
Time and Material (T&M) is a contract management and planning stages to denote
pricing arrangement where payments are areas where decisions or parameters are
based on the actual time spent (labor) and pending, awaiting further development or
materials used to complete a project. T&M clarification before proceeding.
contracts provide flexibility for projects with
uncertain or evolving requirements, allowing
adjustments in scope and costs based on 601. TBE (Technical Bid Evaluation):
actual work performed and materials
consumed. Technical Bid Evaluation (TBE) is the process
of assessing bids submitted by vendors or
contractors based on technical criteria such
599. TA (Technical Agreement): as qualifications, capabilities, and proposed
methodologies. TBE ensures that the
A Technical Agreement (TA) outlines the selected bidder meets technical
technical specifications, requirements, and requirements and can deliver the project as
expectations agreed upon between parties specified, aligning with project objectives
involved in a project or collaboration. TA and quality standards.
ensures alignment on technical aspects such
as design, performance standards, testing
protocols, and compliance with regulations, 602. TBM (Total Budget Management):
fostering clarity and cooperation throughout
the project lifecycle. Total Budget Management (TBM) involves
the comprehensive oversight and control of
all financial resources allocated to a project
600. TAT (Turnaround Time): or organization. TBM includes budget
planning, monitoring expenditures, cost
Turnaround Time (TAT) refers to the total forecasting, and optimizing resource
time taken to complete a process or fulfill a allocation to ensure that projects stay within
request, from initiation to completion. TAT is budget constraints and financial goals are
crucial in service industries and met.
manufacturing where prompt delivery or
processing is essential. Monitoring TAT helps
in optimizing workflows, improving 603. TC (Total Cost):
efficiency, and meeting customer
expectations.

Total Cost (TC) represents the overall Technical Communication Notice (TCN) is a
expenditure incurred for a project, product, formal notification or announcement issued
or service, encompassing all direct and to convey technical information, updates, or
indirect costs. TC includes expenses for instructions within an organization or project
materials, labor, overheads, and additional team. TCN ensures that stakeholders are
costs associated with production, operation, informed about changes, developments, or
or delivery. Managing TC effectively is crucial critical issues affecting project execution,
for financial planning, profitability analysis, facilitating coordination and alignment of
and cost control measures. activities.

604. TCF (Technical Communication 607. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership):

Format):
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculates the
Technical Communication Format (TCF) entire cost associated with acquiring,
specifies the structure, layout, and operating, maintaining, and disposing of an
guidelines for technical documents, reports, asset over its useful life. TCO considers initial
or communications within an organization or purchase price, operating expenses,
project. TCF ensures consistency, clarity, and maintenance costs, and other factors to
compliance with formatting standards, assess the overall financial impact and value
facilitating effective communication of proposition of owning an asset or
technical information to stakeholders, technology.
clients, or regulatory bodies.

608. TD (Total Duration):

605. TCM (Total Cost Management):
Total Duration (TD) refers to the overall time
Total Cost Management (TCM) encompasses required to complete a project, task, or
strategies and practices aimed at optimizing process from start to finish. TD includes all
and controlling costs throughout the lifecycle phases, activities, and dependencies
of a project. TCM includes cost estimation, involved in achieving project objectives
budgeting, cost control, value engineering, within the planned timeframe. Monitoring
and cost forecasting to ensure projects are TD helps in managing project schedules,
completed within budgetary constraints resource allocation, and milestone
while delivering value and meeting achievements effectively.
objectives.

609. TDP (Technology Development

606. TCN (Technical Communication Plan):
Notice):

Technology Development Plan (TDP) outlines process. TEM ensures fairness, transparency,
the strategic approach and roadmap for and consistency in evaluating bidder
developing new technologies or enhancing qualifications, pricing, technical capabilities,
existing ones within an organization. TDP and compliance with tender requirements.
includes goals, milestones, resource
requirements, and timelines for technology
research, design, testing, and 613. TEP (Tender Evaluation Plan):
implementation to support innovation and
business objectives. Tender Evaluation Plan (TEP) outlines the
approach, timelines, responsibilities, and
criteria for evaluating bids or proposals
610. TE (Tender Evaluation): received in response to a tender or RFQ. TEP
ensures systematic and objective
Tender Evaluation (TE) is the process of assessment of bidder submissions, guiding
assessing bids or proposals submitted by the tender evaluation committee in selecting
suppliers or contractors in response to a the best-suited vendor or contractor based
tender or request for quotation (RFQ). TE on predefined criteria.
evaluates criteria such as price, technical
capabilities, compliance with specifications,
and overall suitability to select the most 614. TET (Tender Evaluation Team):
qualified bidder for awarding a contract.
Tender Evaluation Team (TET) comprises
individuals or experts responsible for
611. TEC (Total Estimated Cost): evaluating bids, proposals, or quotations
submitted by suppliers or contractors during
Total Estimated Cost (TEC) is the projected a tendering process. TET collaborates to
total expenditure expected for completing a assess bidder qualifications, technical
project, including all anticipated costs and capabilities, pricing, and compliance with
contingencies. TEC combines cost estimates tender requirements to recommend the
for materials, labor, overheads, and other most suitable vendor for contract award.
expenses to provide a comprehensive
budget forecast and financial planning tool
for project management. 615. TIC (Total Installed Cost):

Total Installed Cost (TIC) includes all

612. TEM (Tender Evaluation Method): expenses associated with installing and
commissioning equipment, systems, or
Tender Evaluation Method (TEM) outlines facilities within a project. TIC encompasses
the criteria, procedures, and scoring system costs for procurement, transportation,
used to assess and compare bids or installation, testing, and startup to ensure
proposals submitted during a tendering

that installed assets are operational and 619. TPM (Total Project Management):
compliant with project specifications.
Total Project Management (TPM) refers to
comprehensive oversight, coordination, and
control of all aspects of a project throughout
616. TO (Technical Offer):
its lifecycle. TPM includes planning,
Technical Offer (TO) is a formal proposal organizing, directing, controlling, and closing
submitted by a vendor or contractor activities to achieve project objectives within
detailing technical specifications, scope, time, cost, quality, and stakeholder
capabilities, and solutions offered in expectations.
response to a request for proposal (RFP) or
RFQ. TO outlines how the bidder intends to
meet project requirements, demonstrating 620. TQM (Total Quality Management):
technical expertise and alignment with client
needs. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a
management approach that emphasizes
continuous improvement, customer focus,
and process optimization to achieve quality
617. TOC (Total Owned Cost):
excellence in products, services, and
Total Owned Cost (TOC) calculates the entire operations. TQM involves leadership
cost incurred over the lifespan of owning an commitment, employee involvement, data-
asset, including acquisition, operating, driven decision-making, and customer
maintenance, and disposal costs. TOC helps feedback to enhance quality, efficiency, and
in assessing the economic viability and organizational effectiveness.
profitability of owning assets by considering
all associated expenses and benefits
throughout their lifecycle. 621. TR (Trend Report):

Trend Report (TR) analyzes and presents data

trends, patterns, or changes observed over
618. TPI (Third Party Inspection):
time within a project, industry, or market. TR
Third Party Inspection (TPI) involves helps in identifying emerging trends,
independent assessment and verification of forecasting future developments, and
products, processes, or services by an making informed decisions based on
external organization or qualified inspector. statistical analysis and historical data trends.
TPI ensures compliance with quality
standards, specifications, and regulatory
requirements, providing unbiased evaluation 622. TRB (Technical Review Board):
and assurance of product or service quality.
Technical Review Board (TRB) is a panel of
experts or stakeholders responsible for

reviewing and evaluating technical aspects, specifications, and standards that a product,
designs, or plans within a project. TRB system, or service must meet. TSD provides
ensures technical integrity, compliance with guidelines for design, development, testing,
standards, and feasibility of proposed and implementation, ensuring that
solutions, providing recommendations and deliverables align with project objectives,
guidance to project teams for decision- technical requirements, and quality
making. standards.

623. TRR (Technical Review Report): 626. TTO (Tender Turnover):

Technical Review Report (TRR) documents Tender Turnover (TTO) refers to the transfer
findings, conclusions, and recommendations of responsibilities, documents, and
from a technical review or assessment deliverables from the tendering or bidding
conducted by experts or stakeholders. TRR phase to the execution phase of a project.
summarizes technical evaluations, identifies TTO ensures smooth transition and
strengths, weaknesses, and areas for continuity in project activities, facilitating
improvement, facilitating informed decision- effective implementation of awarded
making and corrective actions within contracts and commitments.
projects.

627. TVC (Total Variable Cost):

624. TRR Meeting (Technical Review
Report Meeting): Total Variable Cost (TVC) includes expenses
that fluctuate with changes in production
Technical Review Report Meeting (TRR output or sales volume. TVC comprises costs
Meeting) is a scheduled session where for raw materials, direct labor, utilities, and
stakeholders discuss findings, conclusions, other variable expenses necessary to
and recommendations presented in a produce goods or services. Managing TVC
Technical Review Report (TRR). TRR helps in assessing cost efficiency, pricing
Meetings aim to resolve issues, align on strategies, and profitability based on
technical decisions, and ensure consensus production levels and market demand.
among project teams for effective project
management and execution.
628. TVP (Total Value of Purchases):

Total Value of Purchases (TVP) calculates the

625. TSD (Technical Specification
cumulative expenditure on procuring goods,
Document):
materials, equipment, or services over a
Technical Specification Document (TSD) specific period. TVP includes all purchases
outlines detailed requirements, made by an organization or project,

reflecting procurement activities, supplier UNIDROIT is an intergovernmental

relationships, and financial commitments organization that aims to harmonize and
related to sourcing essential resources. coordinate international private law across
different countries. It develops conventions
and principles to facilitate uniformity in legal
rules concerning contracts, commercial

U
transactions, and cross-border trade.

632. UOM (Unit of Measure):

Unit of Measure (UOM) defines the quantity

or amount used as a standard for
measurement. UOM specifies how
629. UART (Universal Asynchronous quantities of goods, services, or resources
Receiver/Transmitter): are quantified, managed, and traded,
ensuring consistency and clarity in
UART is a hardware device that manages the transactions, inventory management, and
asynchronous serial communication data analysis.
between a computer and peripheral devices.
It handles data transmission and reception,
converting parallel data from the computer
633. UPC (Universal Product Code):
into serial data for transmission and vice
versa. Universal Product Code (UPC) is a barcode
symbology widely used for identifying
products in retail environments. UPC
630. UAT (User Acceptance Test): consists of a unique numerical code assigned
to each product, enabling automated
User Acceptance Test (UAT) is a phase in inventory tracking, sales transactions, and
software development where the system is stock management in stores and supply
tested by end-users to verify if it meets the chains.
specified requirements and functions as
intended in a real-world environment. UAT
ensures that the software is ready for
634. URS (User Requirement
deployment and meets user expectations
Specification):
before final acceptance.
User Requirement Specification (URS)
documents the detailed functional and non-
631. UNIDROIT (International Institute functional requirements that a system or
for the Unification of Private Law): software must fulfill to satisfy user needs and
expectations. URS serves as a foundation for

designing, developing, and testing systems

to ensure they meet user-defined criteria
and performance standards. 637. VAC (Variance at Completion):

Variance at Completion (VAC) in project

management compares the planned
635. UTC (Unit Technical Characteristic): budgeted cost at completion (BAC) with the
estimated cost at completion (EAC). A
Unit Technical Characteristic (UTC) specifies
positive VAC indicates the project is under
the essential technical attributes or features
budget, while a negative VAC suggests it's
that define the performance, quality, and
over budget. Monitoring VAC helps project
functionality of a product, component, or
managers assess financial performance,
system. UTC provides measurable criteria for
identify trends, and make informed decisions
evaluating compliance, ensuring consistency,
to mitigate cost overruns or optimize
and achieving desired outcomes in
resource allocation.
engineering and manufacturing processes.

638. VDRL (Vendor Document Register

List):

V Vendor Document Register List (VDRL) is a

comprehensive record of all documents
submitted by vendors during a project's
procurement phase. It includes technical
specifications, drawings, certifications, and
other documentation required for quality
assurance and compliance. Maintaining an
636. V&V (Verification and Validation):
accurate VDRL ensures transparency,
Verification and Validation (V&V) are facilitates document control, and supports
essential processes in product development efficient communication between project
and project management. Verification stakeholders and vendors throughout the
ensures that each phase of development procurement process.
meets its requirements, confirming that
outputs match inputs. Validation, on the
other hand, ensures the product meets user 639. VE (Value Engineering):
needs and intended use through testing and
evaluation. Together, V&V help ensure Value Engineering (VE) is a systematic
quality, reliability, and compliance with approach to enhance the value of products,
specifications, enhancing confidence in the processes, or services by optimizing
final product's performance and performance while reducing costs. It involves
functionality. analyzing functions to achieve the desired

outcomes at the lowest possible cost Vendor Management System (VMS) is

without sacrificing quality, safety, or software that supports procurement and
reliability. VE encourages creative problem- supply chain management by centralizing
solving, collaboration, and continuous vendor-related activities. VMS facilitates
improvement to maximize value and vendor selection, contract management,
efficiency throughout the project lifecycle. performance monitoring, and compliance
tracking across multiple projects or
contracts. By providing visibility and control
640. VIP (Very Important Person): over vendor relationships, VMS helps
organizations optimize procurement
In project management, a Very Important processes, mitigate risks, and ensure
Person (VIP) refers to stakeholders or alignment with business objectives.
decision-makers whose involvement is
crucial for project success. VIPs typically have
significant influence, authority, or expertise 643. VOR (Value of Requirements):
relevant to project objectives. Engaging VIPs
effectively ensures alignment with strategic Value of Requirements (VOR) assesses the
goals, secures necessary approvals, and importance and impact of project
addresses key concerns or risks that may requirements on achieving project
impact project outcomes. objectives. It involves prioritizing
requirements based on their value
contribution to project success, cost,
641. VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory): schedule, and stakeholder satisfaction. VOR
analysis guides decision-making, resource
Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a supply allocation, and scope management to
chain management strategy where suppliers maximize project value while balancing
monitor and manage inventory levels on constraints and priorities throughout the
behalf of customers. VMI agreements project lifecycle.
empower suppliers to replenish stock based
on agreed-upon inventory levels, reducing
stockouts, minimizing carrying costs, and 644. VOWD (Variance at Completion -
improving supply chain efficiency. By Overall Work Done):
optimizing inventory management, VMI
enhances collaboration between suppliers Variance at Completion - Overall Work Done
and customers, ensuring timely availability (VOWD) measures the discrepancy between
of products while streamlining procurement planned and actual progress across all
processes. project work packages and tasks. VOWD
provides a comprehensive view of project
performance, indicating whether the project
642. VMS (Vendor Management System): is ahead or behind schedule and under or
over budget. By analyzing VOWD, project

managers can identify trends, assess project

W
health, and implement corrective actions to
ensure project objectives are met efficiently.

645. VR (Variation Request):

Variation Request (VR) is a formal process

used in project management to propose
changes to project scope, schedule, or 647. WACC (Weighted Average Cost of
specifications. VRs document the rationale Capital):
for the change, its potential impact on
project constraints, and the necessary The Weighted Average Cost of Capital
approvals from stakeholders. Effective (WACC) is a financial metric used to calculate
management of VRs ensures alignment with the cost of capital for a company, taking into
project objectives, minimizes risks account the proportionate cost of each type
associated with changes, and maintains of capital (debt and equity). It represents the
project quality and compliance throughout average rate of return a company must
its lifecycle. generate to satisfy its creditors and
shareholders. WACC is crucial in determining
the feasibility of investment projects and
evaluating the financial health of a company,
646. VRR (Variation Request Report):
influencing decisions on capital structure
Variation Request Report (VRR) documents and funding strategies.
the details and outcomes of a variation
request in project management. It includes
justification for the change, impact 648. WBS (Work Breakdown Structure):
assessment on project constraints such as
cost, schedule, and resources, and decisions A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a
made by stakeholders regarding approval or hierarchical decomposition of the project
rejection of the requested variation. VRRs scope into manageable work packages or
provide transparency, accountability, and a deliverables. It organizes project tasks based
historical record of changes, supporting on their relationship to each other and the
effective communication and decision- overall project objective. WBS serves as a
making in project governance. foundation for project planning, scheduling,
budgeting, and resource allocation,
providing clarity on project scope and
facilitating effective communication among
project teams and stakeholders.

649. WBSC (Work Breakdown Structure project. WBSEs are essential for organizing
Code): and defining the scope of work, identifying
responsibilities, and estimating costs and
A Work Breakdown Structure Code (WBSC) is resources required for each project
a unique identifier assigned to elements component. They enable project managers
within a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). It to allocate tasks, track progress, and
provides a systematic way to reference and maintain accountability throughout the
track specific work packages, tasks, or project lifecycle.
components within a project hierarchy.
WBSC enhances project management by
enabling easy identification, classification,
652. WBSN (Work Breakdown Structure
and organization of project elements,
Number):
facilitating accurate reporting, monitoring
progress, and ensuring alignment with Work Breakdown Structure Number (WBSN)
project objectives. is a numerical code or identifier assigned to
elements within a Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS). It provides a structured
650. WBSD (WBS Dictionary): approach to categorize and reference
different levels of work packages, tasks, or
The Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary activities in a project. WBSN aids in project
(WBSD) is a document that provides detailed planning, scheduling, and budgeting by
descriptions and attributes for each facilitating easy navigation, reporting, and
component identified in the Work analysis of project components, ensuring
Breakdown Structure (WBS). It includes alignment with project objectives and
information such as work package facilitating effective project control.
descriptions, responsible individuals,
milestones, resource requirements, and
scheduling constraints. WBSD serves as a
653. WBSR (Work Breakdown Structure
reference guide for project teams, ensuring
consistency in understanding and executing Revision):
project tasks, and supporting effective Work Breakdown Structure Revision (WBSR)
project planning and management. refers to updates or changes made to the
structure, components, or hierarchy of a
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) during the
651. WBSE (WBS Element): project lifecycle. Revisions may occur due to
scope changes, new requirements, or
A Work Breakdown Structure Element adjustments in project planning. WBSR
(WBSE) refers to the smallest component of ensures the WBS remains current, accurately
the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) reflects project scope and objectives, and
hierarchy that represents a specific task, supports effective project management,
deliverable, or work package within a

resource allocation, and decision-making A Work Control Center (WCC) is a centralized

processes. facility or system within an organization
responsible for overseeing and managing the
execution of work activities across projects
654. WBSW (WBS Work Package): or operations. It serves as a command center
for coordinating resources, monitoring
A Work Breakdown Structure Work Package progress, and ensuring compliance with
(WBSW) represents a specific unit of work or safety, quality, and regulatory standards.
task identified within the Work Breakdown WCC plays a crucial role in optimizing
Structure (WBS) of a project. It details the workflow efficiency, resolving operational
scope, deliverables, resources, and schedule challenges, and maintaining alignment with
associated with a particular work package. project objectives, thereby supporting
WBSW facilitates detailed planning, overall project success and organizational
assignment of responsibilities, estimation of performance.
costs and duration, and monitoring of
progress, ensuring that project tasks are
systematically executed and aligned with 657. WCD (Work Control Document):
project goals.
A Work Control Document (WCD) is a formal
record or instruction that outlines specific
655. WC (Work Conversion): procedures, requirements, and guidelines
for executing work activities within a project
Work Conversion (WC) refers to the process or operational environment. It provides
of transforming inputs into outputs within a detailed information on work scope,
project or operational context. It involves objectives, resource requirements, safety
converting raw materials, resources, or measures, and quality standards to ensure
information into deliverables or products as consistency and compliance throughout
defined by project requirements. WC project execution. WCDs facilitate effective
encompasses various activities such as communication, mitigate risks, and support
production, assembly, processing, or decision-making by defining roles,
construction, aiming to achieve predefined responsibilities, and timelines associated
project objectives efficiently and effectively. with each work task or phase.
Effective WC management ensures optimal
utilization of resources, adherence to project
schedules, and delivery of high-quality 658. WCF (Work Conversion Factor):
outcomes.
A Work Conversion Factor (WCF) is a
quantitative ratio or coefficient used to
656. WCC (Work Control Center): convert one unit of measurement or
resource input into another within a project
or operational context. It is applied to

estimate the amount of effort, time, ensuring transparency, accountability, and

materials, or costs required to produce a alignment with project goals. They serve as a
specific output or deliverable. WCFs vary formal record of change management
depending on project requirements, industry activities, enabling traceability and
standards, and operational practices, helping auditability throughout the project lifecycle.
organizations optimize resource allocation,
budgeting, and scheduling to achieve
desired project outcomes efficiently. 661. WFI (Water for Injection):

Water for Injection (WFI) is a purified form of

659. WCR (Work Change Request): water used in pharmaceutical,
biotechnology, and healthcare industries for
A Work Change Request (WCR) is a formal manufacturing drugs, sterile preparations,
proposal or document used to request and medical devices. It meets stringent
modifications, adjustments, or additions to quality standards, including microbial purity,
the scope, schedule, or resources of a chemical composition, and absence of
project. It initiates the change management endotoxins, ensuring safety and efficacy in
process by identifying the need for medical applications. WFI undergoes
alterations due to unforeseen specialized purification processes such as
circumstances, stakeholder requests, or distillation, reverse osmosis, or filtration to
evolving project requirements. WCRs achieve high-quality standards required for
undergo evaluation, approval, and critical applications, supporting compliance
implementation based on their impact on with regulatory requirements and
project objectives, budget, and timeline, safeguarding patient health.
ensuring changes are managed effectively
while minimizing disruptions and
maintaining project integrity. 662. WG (Working Group):

A Working Group (WG) is a temporary or

660. WCRR (Work Change Request ongoing team assembled within an
Report): organization to address specific issues, tasks,
or projects requiring collaborative efforts
A Work Change Request Report (WCRR) across functional areas or disciplines. WG
documents the details, rationale, and members typically possess expertise, skills,
outcomes of a requested change to the and knowledge relevant to the group's
scope, schedule, or resources of a project. It objectives, contributing diverse perspectives
provides a comprehensive analysis of the and insights to problem-solving and
proposed change, including its potential decision-making processes. WGs promote
impact on project deliverables, costs, and communication, coordination, and
timelines. WCRRs facilitate informed cooperation among stakeholders, facilitating
decision-making by project stakeholders, innovation, consensus-building, and

effective implementation of initiatives to

achieve organizational goals.
665. WMS (Workflow Management
System):
663. WIP (Work in Progress): A Workflow Management System (WMS) is a
software platform or application designed to
Work in Progress (WIP) refers to partially
automate, streamline, and manage the flow
completed tasks, projects, or products that
of tasks, processes, and activities within an
are in the process of being worked on or
organization. WMS facilitates workflow
completed within a defined period. It
modeling, execution, monitoring, and
represents the inventory of unfinished work
optimization by defining roles,
at various stages of production or
responsibilities, and sequencing of tasks
development, reflecting resources, costs,
across departments or functions. It
and efforts invested in ongoing activities.
integrates data, resources, and
WIP is monitored to assess productivity,
communication channels to enhance
identify bottlenecks, and optimize workflow
operational efficiency, collaboration, and
efficiency in manufacturing, construction,
decision-making. WMS ensures adherence
and service industries. Managing WIP
to workflow standards, accelerates task
ensures timely delivery, cost control, and
completion, and supports continuous
alignment with customer demands and
improvement initiatives in diverse industries.
project timelines.

666. WP (Work Package):

664. WLA (Work-Life Analysis):
A Work Package (WP) is a discrete,
Work-Life Analysis (WLA) is a systematic
manageable unit of work within a project,
evaluation and assessment of the balance
typically defined at a level that allows for
between professional responsibilities and
detailed planning, execution, monitoring,
personal life commitments of individuals
and control. WPs break down the project
within an organization. It involves analyzing
scope into specific deliverables, tasks, or
workloads, schedules, job demands, and
activities assigned to individuals or teams.
personal priorities to identify potential
Each WP includes defined objectives,
sources of stress, conflicts, or inefficiencies
resources, timelines, and performance
affecting employees' well-being and
criteria necessary for successful completion.
productivity. WLA aims to promote a healthy
WPs facilitate project management by
work-life balance by implementing
providing clarity, accountability, and
strategies, policies, and support mechanisms
traceability of work efforts, ensuring
that enhance job satisfaction, reduce
alignment with project goals and enabling
burnout, and improve overall organizational
effective resource allocation and scheduling.
performance.

667. WPA (Work Package Assessment): Work Package Control (WPC) involves the
management and oversight of activities,
Work Package Assessment (WPA) refers to resources, and deliverables within a defined
the evaluation and review process work package to ensure adherence to
conducted to assess the performance, project plans, quality standards, and
progress, and outcomes of a specific work performance expectations. WPC includes
package within a project. It involves monitoring progress, tracking expenditures,
analyzing key metrics, deliverables, and managing risks, and addressing issues or
milestones against predefined criteria, such deviations that impact work package
as quality standards, budgetary constraints, outcomes. It requires effective
and schedule adherence. WPAs provide communication, coordination, and
insights into work package efficiency, identify collaboration among project stakeholders to
deviations or risks, and inform decision- maintain alignment with project objectives
making to mitigate issues and optimize and timelines. WPC supports project success
project performance. They contribute to by enabling proactive decision-making and
continuous improvement by capturing corrective actions to achieve desired results
lessons learned and best practices for future efficiently.
projects.

670. WPCC (Work Package Control

668. WPB (Work Package Breakdown): Committee):
A Work Package Breakdown (WPB) is a A Work Package Control Committee (WPCC)
hierarchical decomposition of a work is a governance body or team responsible for
package into smaller, manageable overseeing and managing the execution,
components or tasks required to achieve performance, and outcomes of work
specific project objectives. WPBs detail the packages within a project. WPCCs provide
scope, dependencies, and sequencing of strategic direction, decision-making
activities within each work package, authority, and support to ensure alignment
facilitating detailed planning, resource with project goals, policies, and standards.
allocation, and scheduling. They establish They review progress reports, assess risks,
clear boundaries and responsibilities for resolve issues, and approve changes or
team members, ensuring clarity and adjustments affecting work package scope,
accountability throughout project execution. resources, or schedules. WPCCs promote
WPBs serve as a foundation for monitoring transparency, accountability, and
progress, identifying bottlenecks, and collaboration among stakeholders to
optimizing workflow efficiency to meet optimize project delivery and achieve
project milestones and deliverables. desired outcomes effectively.

669. WPC (Work Package Control):

671. WPCS (Work Package Control 673. WPF (Work Package Flow):
System):
Work Package Flow (WPF) refers to the
A Work Package Control System (WPCS) is an sequence and coordination of activities
integrated framework or software platform within a work package to achieve predefined
used to manage and control the execution of project objectives. It involves the systematic
work packages within a project. WPCS execution, integration, and completion of
facilitates planning, scheduling, monitoring, tasks according to established schedules and
and reporting of work package activities, dependencies. WPF ensures smooth
resources, and milestones. It includes tools progression of work package activities,
for budgeting, resource allocation, risk minimizing delays and optimizing resource
management, and performance evaluation utilization. It includes defining task
to ensure compliance with project sequences, allocating resources, monitoring
requirements and objectives. WPCS progress, and implementing controls to
enhances transparency, efficiency, and maintain workflow continuity and meet
communication among project teams, project timelines effectively. WPF enhances
enabling proactive management of tasks and project management by fostering
dependencies to achieve project success. collaboration, improving productivity, and
achieving desired outcomes efficiently.

672. WPCT (Work Package Control

Team): 674. WPI (Work Package Index):

The Work Package Control Team (WPCT) is a The Work Package Index (WPI) is a numerical
dedicated group responsible for overseeing value or metric used to assess the progress
and managing the execution of specific work or status of a specific work package within a
packages within a project. Comprising project. It typically includes indicators such
individuals with relevant expertise and as percentage completion, cost incurred,
responsibilities, WPCT ensures that work schedule adherence, and quality metrics
packages are delivered according to related to the work package. WPI provides
schedule, budget, and quality standards. stakeholders with a snapshot of how well the
They coordinate tasks, allocate resources, work package is performing relative to its
monitor progress, and resolve issues or risks planned objectives. It helps project
that may impact work package outcomes. managers track performance, identify
WPCT plays a crucial role in maintaining potential delays or issues, and make
alignment with project objectives, informed decisions to ensure timely delivery
facilitating effective communication, and and alignment with overall project goals.
optimizing workflow efficiency to achieve
project milestones.
675. WPM (Work Package Manager):

The Work Package Manager (WPM) is an advancement relative to the project

individual responsible for overseeing and timeline. It involves monitoring key
coordinating all aspects of a specific work performance indicators (KPIs), evaluating
package within a project. They play a pivotal task completion rates, identifying
role in planning, organizing, executing, and bottlenecks, and addressing issues that may
controlling activities related to the work impact progress. WPP provides project
package to ensure its successful completion. managers and stakeholders with real-time
WPMs collaborate closely with team insights into the status of work packages,
members, allocate resources, monitor enabling proactive decision-making,
progress, manage risks, and communicate resource allocation adjustments, and risk
effectively with stakeholders. Their focus is mitigation strategies to maintain project
on delivering work packages on time, within momentum and meet deadlines effectively.
budget, and according to quality standards,
thereby contributing to overall project
success. 678. WPQ (Welder Performance
Qualification):

676. WPO (Work Package Outline): Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ) is a

process used to evaluate and certify welders'
A Work Package Outline (WPO) is a proficiency and capability to perform specific
structured document that defines the scope, welding tasks according to prescribed
objectives, deliverables, and timeline for a standards and specifications. It involves
specific work package within a project. It testing welders' skills in various positions,
serves as a detailed roadmap or blueprint, materials, and welding techniques to ensure
outlining tasks, activities, resources, and they meet industry requirements for quality
dependencies necessary to complete the and safety. WPQ tests typically include visual
work package. WPOs provide clarity on inspections, mechanical testing of welds,
project expectations, facilitate planning and and assessments of adherence to welding
execution, and help in allocating resources procedures. Certification through WPQ
efficiently. They enable project teams to validates welders' competency and ensures
maintain focus, monitor progress, and they can consistently produce high-quality
ensure alignment with broader project welds that meet project specifications and
objectives throughout the execution phase. regulatory standards.

677. WPP (Work Package Progress): 679. WPR (Work Package Report):

Work Package Progress (WPP) refers to the A Work Package Report (WPR) is a formal
ongoing assessment and tracking of document that provides detailed
activities, milestones, and deliverables information and updates on the status,
within a work package to measure its progress, and performance of a specific work

package within a project. It includes data on assigning roles, setting deadlines, and
completed tasks, milestones achieved, tracking progress. WPSs enhance
resources utilized, costs incurred, and any operational efficiency, reduce manual errors,
issues or risks encountered. WPRs enable improve collaboration among team
project managers and stakeholders to track members, and ensure compliance with
work package activities, assess adherence to workflow guidelines and standards. They are
schedules and budgets, and make informed integral to achieving process transparency,
decisions to optimize project outcomes. productivity gains, and timely delivery of
They serve as a communication tool for project milestones.
sharing project status updates and ensuring
transparency across the project team.
682. WPST (Work Package Schedule and
Timeline):
680. WPRP (Work Package Resource
Plan): Work Package Schedule and Timeline (WPST)
refer to the planned sequence of activities,
A Work Package Resource Plan (WPRP) milestones, and deliverables within a work
outlines the allocation and management of package, mapped against a predefined
resources required to execute a specific work schedule and timeline. It outlines the
package within a project. It details the types chronological order of tasks, dependencies,
and quantities of resources (such as resource requirements, and durations
personnel, equipment, materials) needed, necessary for completing the work package.
their scheduling, and dependencies to WPSTs help project teams manage task
ensure efficient utilization and alignment sequences, allocate resources effectively,
with project timelines. WPRPs facilitate monitor progress, and make adjustments to
resource allocation decisions, help in ensure work package objectives are met
identifying potential shortages or conflicts, within specified timeframes. They serve as a
and enable project managers to optimize roadmap for project execution, enabling
resource utilization for achieving work stakeholders to track performance and
package objectives effectively. maintain project schedule adherence.

681. WPS (Workflow Processing System): 683. WPT (Work Package Team):

A Workflow Processing System (WPS) is a A Work Package Team (WPT) consists of

software application or platform designed to individuals or groups responsible for
automate, streamline, and manage executing specific tasks, activities, or
workflow processes within an organization deliverables within a work package of a
or project. It facilitates the creation, project. WPTs collaborate under the
execution, monitoring, and optimization of guidance of a work package manager to
workflows by defining task sequences, achieve defined objectives, contribute

specialized skills, and ensure coordinated improvement, and prompt corrective actions
efforts towards project success. They to mitigate risks, optimize resource
communicate closely, allocate resources, allocation, and align activities with project
resolve issues, and adhere to project objectives. Monitoring WPVs helps project
schedules and quality standards. WPTs play a managers maintain control, make informed
crucial role in maintaining productivity, decisions, and ensure timely project delivery
achieving milestones, and fostering while managing stakeholder expectations.
teamwork within the project environment.

686. WQ (Work Quality):

684. WPTM (Work Package Team
Member): Work Quality (WQ) refers to the level of
excellence, conformity, and adherence to
A Work Package Team Member (WPTM) is an specified standards and requirements in the
individual assigned to a work package team deliverables produced within a project work
within a project, responsible for performing package. It encompasses factors such as
specific tasks, contributing expertise, and accuracy, reliability, functionality, and
supporting the achievement of work customer satisfaction related to the outputs
package objectives. WPTMs collaborate with of work package activities. WQ ensures that
team members, follow instructions from the products or services meet or exceed
work package manager, and adhere to expectations, comply with quality assurance
project timelines and quality requirements. processes, and contribute to overall project
They participate in task execution, provide success. Monitoring and maintaining WQ
input on process improvements, and ensure throughout project execution are essential
alignment with project goals. WPTMs for achieving desired outcomes, minimizing
contribute to team effectiveness, rework, and enhancing stakeholder
productivity, and the successful delivery of confidence.
work package outcomes.

687. WQA (Water Quality Association):

685. WPV (Work Package Variance):
The Water Quality Association (WQA) is a
Work Package Variance (WPV) refers to the nonprofit organization that represents the
deviation or difference between planned water treatment industry, promoting high
and actual performance metrics within a standards of water quality, safety, and
specific work package of a project. It sustainability. WQA provides education,
measures discrepancies in schedule certification programs, research, and
adherence, cost overrun, resource advocacy to professionals involved in water
utilization, or quality standards compared to treatment, purification, and filtration. It sets
baseline expectations. WPVs provide insights industry standards, conducts product
into project performance, highlight areas of testing, and offers resources to consumers

and businesses to ensure safe and clean consistent, high-quality results, minimizing
water supply systems. WQA plays a crucial defects, and meeting stakeholder
role in advancing technology, best practices, expectations.
and public awareness for improving water
quality worldwide
690. WQCR (Work Quality Control
Report):
688. WQC (Water Quality Control):
A Work Quality Control Report (WQCR) is a
Water Quality Control (WQC) refers to the formal document that provides an
process of monitoring, assessing, and assessment and documentation of the
managing the characteristics and properties quality control activities, findings, and
of water to ensure it meets specified outcomes within a specific work package or
standards and regulatory requirements. project phase. WQCRs detail inspection
WQC involves testing for parameters such as results, deviations from quality standards,
chemical composition, biological corrective actions taken, and
contaminants, pH levels, turbidity, and recommendations for improvement. They
dissolved solids to assess water safety, serve as a record of quality assurance efforts,
purity, and suitability for various uses. It facilitate transparency, and support
includes implementing treatment processes, decision-making by project stakeholders.
preventive measures, and quality assurance WQCRs contribute to continuous quality
protocols to maintain or improve water improvement and accountability in
quality, protect public health, and comply delivering project deliverables to agreed-
with environmental regulations. upon standards.

689. WQCP (Work Quality Control Plan): 691. WQI (Work Quality Index):

A Work Quality Control Plan (WQCP) is a The Work Quality Index (WQI) is a numerical
document that outlines procedures, measure or index used to quantify and
methodologies, and criteria for ensuring the evaluate the overall quality performance of
quality of deliverables or outputs produced work packages, processes, or projects. WQI
within a work package or project. WQCPs integrates multiple quality metrics, such as
define quality objectives, standards, defect rates, compliance with specifications,
inspection procedures, and responsibilities customer satisfaction scores, and adherence
for monitoring and verifying work quality to quality control procedures, into a single
throughout project execution. They establish indicator. It provides stakeholders with a
benchmarks, performance metrics, and snapshot of quality performance, facilitates
corrective actions to address deviations and comparisons across different work packages
improve quality assurance processes. or time periods, and supports data-driven
WQCPs are essential for achieving decision-making to enhance quality

management practices and project

outcomes.
694. WSC (Work Schedule Control):

Work Schedule Control (WSC) involves

692. WR (Work Request): managing and overseeing the adherence,
adjustment, and optimization of project
A formal document or notification submitted
schedules to ensure timely completion of
to request the initiation, modification, or
tasks, milestones, and deliverables. WSC
completion of specific work or services
includes monitoring progress, identifying
within a project or organizational setting.
schedule variances, analyzing critical path
WRs typically include details such as the
activities, and implementing corrective
nature of work, scope, priorities, deadlines,
actions to mitigate delays or disruptions. It
resource requirements, and requester
encompasses techniques such as schedule
information. They serve as a communication
performance analysis, resource leveling, and
tool between requestors and operational
dependency management to maintain
teams or service providers, ensuring clarity,
schedule integrity and alignment with
accountability, and proper documentation of
project objectives. WSC facilitates effective
work requirements. WRs streamline
project planning, execution, and stakeholder
workflow management, facilitate resource
communication to achieve desired project
allocation, and help in prioritizing tasks to
outcomes.
meet organizational objectives.

695. WSJF (Weighted Shortest Job First):

693. WS (Work Statement):
Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) is a
A Work Statement (WS), also known as a
prioritization technique used in Agile and
Statement of Work (SOW), is a formal
Lean project management methodologies to
document that outlines the scope,
sequence tasks or jobs based on their
objectives, deliverables, tasks, and
relative value, urgency, and size. WSJF
requirements for a specific project, contract,
calculates a priority score for each job by
or work package. WSs provide a detailed
dividing its value (benefit) by its size (cost or
description of work to be performed,
effort), taking into account the impact on
including timelines, milestones, resource
overall project goals. Jobs with higher WSJF
needs, and quality expectations. They serve
scores are prioritized for execution first,
as a contractual agreement between parties,
optimizing resource allocation, minimizing
guiding project execution, performance
time-to-market, and maximizing project
evaluation, and acceptance criteria. WSs
value delivery. WSJF helps teams focus on
ensure alignment of expectations, mitigate
high-value activities and manage workflow
misunderstandings, and establish a
efficiently in dynamic project environments.
foundation for successful project delivery.

696. WSS (Work Schedule System): 698. WSTM (Work Schedule Team
Member):
A Work Schedule System (WSS) is a software
application or platform used to create, An individual who is part of a work schedule
manage, and track schedules for tasks, team within a project or organization,
activities, resources, and milestones within a responsible for contributing to the
project or organization. WSSs facilitate the development, management, and execution
generation of schedules, allocation of of project schedules. WSTMs collaborate
resources, assignment of tasks, and with team members, follow scheduling
monitoring of progress in real-time. They guidelines, monitor progress, and
provide visibility into project timelines, communicate updates related to task
dependencies, and resource availability, assignments and timelines. They assist in
enabling proactive management of schedule resource allocation, resolve scheduling
changes, resource conflicts, and risks. WSSs conflicts, and ensure alignment with project
improve coordination, communication, and objectives and stakeholder expectations.
productivity across project teams, WSTMs support effective project planning,
supporting efficient project execution and execution, and coordination to achieve
delivery. timely and successful project outcomes.

697. WST (Work Schedule Team): 699. WTO (World Trade Organization):

A Work Schedule Team (WST) comprises An international organization that regulates

individuals responsible for planning, and facilitates global trade relations among
coordinating, and managing schedules for member countries. Established in 1995, the
tasks, activities, and resources within a WTO aims to promote free trade by
project or organizational setting. WSTs negotiating trade agreements, resolving
collaborate to develop work schedules, trade disputes, and setting international
assign priorities, allocate resources, and trade rules. It provides a platform for
monitor progress to ensure adherence to member nations to collaborate on trade
project timelines and objectives. They policies, reduce trade barriers, and foster
facilitate communication, resolve scheduling economic growth through fair and
conflicts, and optimize resource utilization to predictable trade practices. The WTO plays a
achieve efficient workflow management and central role in promoting multilateral trade
successful project outcomes. WSTs play a key cooperation, ensuring transparency in trade
role in maintaining schedule integrity, policies, and facilitating a rules-based global
mitigating risks, and supporting overall trading system.
project delivery.

applications requiring high reliability and

X
longevity.

702. XLD (eXcel-based Load Distribution):

eXcel-based Load Distribution (XLD) refers to

a method or system for distributing loads,
700. XER (Project XER file):
tasks, or resources using Microsoft Excel or
A specific file format used in project Excel-based tools. XLD systems typically
management software such as Primavera P6. involve creating spreadsheets or templates
XER files contain project data, including to allocate workloads, schedule tasks, assign
schedules, tasks, resources, assignments, resources, and track progress across projects
and other project-related information. They or organizational activities. They provide a
serve as a standard format for exporting and flexible and customizable approach to
importing project data between different managing workload distribution, optimizing
project management systems or for backup resource utilization, and balancing work
and archival purposes. XER files enable assignments based on project requirements
project managers to share project and priorities. XLD systems leverage Excel's
information across teams, analyze project data manipulation capabilities to facilitate
performance, and integrate data from efficient load distribution and management
multiple sources for comprehensive project within teams or departments.
planning and execution.

703. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction):

701. XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene):
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is a scientific
A type of polyethylene material that has technique used to analyze the atomic and
undergone a chemical or physical process to molecular structure of materials based on
improve its properties. XLPE exhibits their ability to diffract X-rays. XRD measures
enhanced thermal, mechanical, and the angles and intensities of X-ray beams
chemical resistance compared to traditional scattered by crystalline substances,
polyethylene. It is commonly used in various providing information about crystal
applications such as insulation for electrical structure, lattice parameters, and phase
cables, pipes for plumbing and heating composition. It is widely used in materials
systems, automotive components, and science, geology, chemistry, and physics for
industrial applications. XLPE's cross-linking characterizing crystalline solids, identifying
process improves its durability, flexibility, unknown substances, and studying phase
and performance characteristics, making it transformations and material properties
suitable for demanding environments and under different conditions. XRD analysis
helps researchers and scientists understand

the atomic arrangements and behaviors of demanding environments and applications

materials at the molecular level, contributing requiring high reliability and longevity.
to advancements in materials research,
technology development, and industrial
applications. 706. XLD (eXcel-based Load Distribution):

eXcel-based Load Distribution (XLD) refers to

704. XER (Project XER file): a method or system for distributing loads,
tasks, or resources using Microsoft Excel or
A Project XER file (XER) is a specific file Excel-based tools. XLD systems typically
format used in project management involve creating spreadsheets or templates
software such as Primavera P6. XER files to allocate workloads, schedule tasks, assign
contain project data, including schedules, resources, and track progress across projects
tasks, resources, assignments, and other or organizational activities. They provide a
project-related information. They serve as a flexible and customizable approach to
standard format for exporting and importing managing workload distribution, optimizing
project data between different project resource utilization, and balancing work
management systems or for backup and assignments based on project requirements
archival purposes. XER files enable project and priorities. XLD systems leverage Excel's
managers to share project information data manipulation capabilities to facilitate
across teams, analyze project performance, efficient load distribution and management
and integrate data from multiple sources for within teams or departments.
comprehensive project planning and
execution.
707. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction):

705. XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene): X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is a scientific

technique used to analyze the atomic and
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a type of molecular structure of materials based on
polyethylene material that has undergone a their ability to diffract X-rays. XRD measures
chemical or physical process to improve its the angles and intensities of X-ray beams
properties. XLPE exhibits enhanced thermal, scattered by crystalline substances,
mechanical, and chemical resistance providing information about crystal
compared to traditional polyethylene. It is structure, lattice parameters, and phase
commonly used in various applications such composition. It is widely used in materials
as insulation for electrical cables, pipes for science, geology, chemistry, and physics for
plumbing and heating systems, automotive characterizing crystalline solids, identifying
components, and industrial applications. unknown substances, and studying phase
XLPE's cross-linking process improves its transformations and material properties
durability, flexibility, and performance under different conditions. XRD analysis
characteristics, making it suitable for helps researchers and scientists understand

the atomic arrangements and behaviors of or other financial indicators, over the course
materials at the molecular level, contributing of the year. YTD figures provide a snapshot of
to advancements in materials research, the organization's financial performance and
technology development, and industrial progress during the current reporting period,
applications. enabling stakeholders to evaluate
performance trends, monitor financial
health, and make strategic decisions based
on year-to-date results.

Y Z
708. YOY (Year over Year):

Year over Year (YOY) is a financial metric used

to compare the current year's performance 710. ZBB (Zero-Based Budgeting):
or results with the same period from the
previous year. YOY analysis helps businesses Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting
and analysts assess growth or changes in key technique where each budget cycle starts
performance indicators (KPIs), such as from a zero base, requiring managers to
revenue, sales, expenses, or profitability, justify all expenses and allocations for each
over a 12-month period. By comparing YOY new period. Unlike traditional budgeting
data, organizations can identify trends, methods that may use prior period budgets
fluctuations, or seasonal variations in their as a baseline, ZBB assumes no pre-existing
financial performance, make informed expenditures and requires departments or
decisions, and develop strategies to improve units to justify every dollar spent based on
performance or address challenges based on current needs and objectives. ZBB promotes
year-over-year comparisons. cost efficiency, budget accountability, and
strategic allocation of resources by forcing
organizations to reassess priorities,
709. YTD (Year-to-Date): eliminate unnecessary expenses, and
allocate funds based on their current
Year-to-Date (YTD) refers to the period relevance and impact.
starting from the beginning of the current
calendar year up to the present date. YTD is
commonly used in financial reporting and 711. ZBV (Zero-Based Variances):
analysis to track cumulative performance
metrics, such as revenue, expenses, profits,

Zero-Based Variances (ZBV) refer to In statistical analysis, a Z-Score (or Z-Statistic)

deviations or differences between actual represents the number of standard
expenses or performance outcomes and the deviations a data point is from the mean of a
zero-based budget allocations or targets set dataset. It is calculated by subtracting the
during the budgeting process. ZBV analysis mean from an individual data point and
helps organizations evaluate the dividing the result by the standard deviation
effectiveness of their zero-based budgeting of the dataset. Z-Scores are used to
approach by comparing actual expenditures, standardize and compare data across
revenues, or other metrics against planned different distributions, providing insights
zero-based budget figures. By identifying into the relative position or significance of
and analyzing ZBV, managers can pinpoint individual data points within a dataset. Z-
areas where actual performance diverges Scores are widely used in finance,
from budgeted expectations, understand the economics, psychology, and other fields to
reasons behind variances, and take assess and interpret data variability, outliers,
corrective actions to optimize budget and statistical significance in research,
utilization and achieve financial goals. analysis, and decision-making processes.

712. ZBW (Zero-Based WBS):

Zero-Based WBS (Work Breakdown

Structure) (ZBW) is a project management
approach that involves creating a WBS from
scratch for each new project, without using
existing project templates or structures. ZBW
requires project managers to decompose
project deliverables into smaller,
manageable tasks and subtasks,
systematically organizing work packages and
defining project activities based on the
project's unique requirements and
objectives. By developing a ZBW, project
teams can ensure clarity, consistency, and
alignment in project planning, resource
allocation, scheduling, and execution,
tailored specifically to the project's scope
and complexity.

713. Z-Score (Z-Statistic):

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Dictionary for EPC Projects

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