Computer

Networks &
Application...
for SE
Dr.techn. Apitchaka Singjai
[email protected]
Software Engineering
Recap Information Technology (IT) focuses on the
hardware, software, and networking components
that enable data processing and communication.

Hardware Software Network Data

DIGITAL LITERACY
 The internet connects us instantly,
but have you ever wondered about
the complex network behind it?
Would you believe
there's more to discover about
how networks facilitate all our
online activities?
DIGITAL LITERACY
 “In today's software landscape, understanding
computer networks and applications is no longer

Why is it
optional for engineers. This knowledge is
instrumental in building software that can
effectively communicate, leverage network

important?
resources securely, and function seamlessly
within the interconnected world where
applications reside.”

DIGITAL LITERACY

NECESSARY"KEY" SKILL FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

STUDENTS, ACCORDING TOCOMPUTING RESEARCH
 - What is Computer Network
What -
-
Network Components
Network Topologies
should we -
-
Network Types
Network Protocols

know as a -
-
Network Applications
Impact of Networking on SE

basis?
Network Fundamentals

DIGITAL LITERACY
Network
Fundamentals
 Share Communicate
What is a Computer
Network? Hardware/
resources
E-mail
- Define a computer network as a collection of
interconnected devices that can communicate and share
resources. (Enables communication, resource sharing, and Documents Chat
data exchange between devices)

- Involves both hardware (routers, switches, cables) and VDO

software (protocols, applications).
Files Conference

Software
7
Key Network
Components:
- Nodes: Devices on the network (computers, servers,
phones)
- Links: Connections between nodes (cables, Wi-Fi)
- Network Devices: Route data packets (routers, switches)
- Protocols: Rules that govern communication (TCP/IP)

8
NETWORK DEVICES

1. Repeater
2. Hub
3. Bridge
4. Switch
5. Router
6. Gateway

9
NETWORK DEVICES
 Repeater : regenerates or replicates
signals that are weakened
or distorted by transmission
over long distances and
through areas with high
levels of electromagnetic
interference (EMI). 10
Network Devices
 Hub : A common
connection point for
multiple twisted pair
copper wire cables or
optical fiber cables in a
local are network
(LAN). 11
Network Devices

 Bridge : Connects and controls

the flow of data between
two LANs (local area
networks) or two
segments of the same
LAN.

12
NETWORK DEVICES

 Switch

13
NETWORK DEVICES:
ROUTER
: Connects at least two
networks and transfers
information among them.
: A fundamental device to the
operation of the Internet and
other complex networks (such
as enterprise-wide networks).

14
COMPUTER NETWORK DEVICES

15

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObNYlm7H
NETWORK DEVICES
 Gateway : A node on a network that
acts as an entrance to
another network and
serves as an encoder
between different
communications protocols,
data formats, etc. 16
Network
Topologies
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
1. Star Topology
2. Bus Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Tree Topology
5. Mesh Topology
6. Hybrid Topology
19
STAR
TOPOLOGY

20
BUS
TOPOLOGY

21
RING
TOPOLOGY

22
TREE
TOPOLOGY

23
HYBRID
TOPOLOGY

24
MESH
TOPOLOGY

25
Network
Types
TYPES OF
COMPUTER
NETWORKS

27
TYPES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS

LAN: Local Area

Network

28
TYPES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS

MAN:
Metropolitan Area
Network

29
TYPES OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS

WAN: Wide
Area Network

30
COMPARISON

31
Network
Protocols
Network Protocols and Standards
TCP/IP OSI Model Ethernet WiFi

The Transmission The Open Systems Ethernet is a widely WiFi, or Wireless

Control Interconnection adopted standard Fidelity, is a
Protocol/Internet (OSI) model is a for local area standard for
Protocol (TCP/IP) is conceptual networks (LANs), wireless local area
the fundamental framework that defining how networks (WLANs)
set of rules and describes the devices connect that enables
standards that functions of a and communicate devices to connect
govern how data is networking system within a confined and communicate
transmitted across in seven distinct geographic area, over radio
the internet and layers, from the such as a home, frequencies,
other computer physical connection office, or school. providing mobility
networks. to the application and flexibility.
layer.
- HTTP: Used by web browsers and servers to
communicate and exchange
- HTTP/3(QUIC):is the latest version of HTTP that
uses a faster transport protocol for web
communication.
- HTTPS: An extension of HTTP that offers secure
and encrypted communication
- WebSocket: enable real-time, two-way
communication between browsers and servers.
- TCP: Delivers a stream of ordered bytes from one
computer to another--> TCP uses a three-way
handshake to establish a reliable connection. The
connection is full duplex, and both sides
synchronize (SYN) and acknowledge (ACK) each
other. The exchange of these four flags is
performed in three steps—SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK
- UDP: A simple and connectionless protocol that
does not divide messages into packets and send
them in order.
- SMTP: Used to transmit emails across IP
network (Addresses and routes packets of data
sent between networked devices)
- FTP: Used to transfer files between a client and
server
Network
Applications
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER NETWORKING

3 Patterns of computer network:

1. Centralized Networks
2. Peer-to-Peer
3. Client/Server

37
NETWORK
APPLICATION

38
CLIENT/SERVER

39
PEER-TO-PEER

40
 CENTRALIZED
Centralized
Server NETWORKS

41
Network
Applications:
- Web Applications: Accessed through web browsers (e.g., online stores, social media).
- Client-Server Applications: Separate client (user) and server programs (e.g., email, online games).
- Distributed Systems: Applications with components running on multiple devices (e.g., large-scale
e-commerce platforms).

42
 Future Trends in Computer Networking

5G and Beyond
1 Faster, more reliable wireless networks

Internet of Things (IoT)

2
Connecting everyday devices to the network

Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

3
Flexible, programmable network control

Cloud Computing
4
Delivering computing resources over the network

Edge Computing
5 Bringing processing power closer to the data
source

As technology continues to evolve, computer networks will adapt to meet the growing demands for speed, connectivity, and intelligence. Advancements in 5G and beyond will enable faster, more
reliable wireless communication, while the Internet of Things (IoT) will connect a vast array of everyday devices to the network. Software-defined networking (SDN) will provide greater flexibility and
programmability, and cloud computing will deliver computing resources on-demand. Edge computing will bring processing power closer to the data source, reducing latency and improving
responsiveness.
The Global Network: Unlocking Resources and Powering Development
Importance for Software Development:
• The internet provides unprecedented access to resources for software engineers.
• Online communities and forums offer valuable knowledge sharing and troubleshooting.
• Open-source libraries and code repositories provide reusable components and accelerate development.
• Cloud-based platforms offer scalable infrastructure for deploying and managing software applications.
•The internet facilitates collaboration among geographically dispersed teams, allowing real-time communication and shared
document editing.
•Software updates, bug fixes, and new features can be delivered efficiently online, keeping applications current and secure.

Importance for Resource Access:

• The internet has become the primary source of information for many people.
• Research papers, technical documentation, and online tutorials are readily available.
• Software development tools, libraries, and frameworks can be downloaded and installed effortlessly.
•The internet provides access to a vast array of educational resources, from online courses and tutorials to e-books and research
databases.
•It enables communication and collaboration with colleagues, mentors, and potential clients around the world.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

•ISPs are companies that provide individual and organizational access to the internet.
•They offer various connection options, including cable, DSL, fiber optic, and satellite internet.
•ISPs are responsible for routing your internet traffic and ensuring a reliable connection.
SUMMARY
•Designing software to function
effectively within network
environments. Networking &
communication
•Implementing network
communication protocols in NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS
applications. ARE THE COMMUNICATION
HIGHWAYS OF THE DIGITAL AGE,
•Addressing network security ALLOWING US TO CONNECT AND
concerns in software development. INTERACT ACROSS THE GLOBE