Pratical Notps ( :
(colorless
cations :
NHut (NHu) gas .
(pugent) (souble in native
Groupi :
Mg2
+ +
Ca2 Balt
Improticin Alt and In it
+
colored to /Ept , met Must G ,
Alious :
lg >
-
gas
CT Br , I
,
SOn? , SOgi
Noz- and NOz
-
>
NHyt I
NH3-colorless pugent gas
· soluble in nativ
less dense in air-
·
TISt =
02 iMnoi
7
-
H202
oxgyen gas-oxidized
Cr2072 ↓
Test :
He strati - gas Hydrogen .
↓
⑪
via ppt of insoluble hydroxides . all cations except
NHut and Batt
in
Cation ↓ Off
solution
NaO reall
Strong z
insoluble
Fighone of OH
y
Mgt least Al(OH)3
I
-
lighty)-Cast ↓
Batt Unostsauble
Al 10H)3- low .
soubility
Transition metals -
lightly in solute
hydroxides .
Amphotinic -
low solubility
in central solution
U
⑪
with NaOHlag).
2 .
Use warning
NHit
-
OH > Nt + H2O
(Y
lag 249) y(99)
warm
↓
8
alkative Hist
↓
Damp. Red litmus paper
↓ ↓
(Put few ·
drops
Ofrativ
↑
(Damp)
Use of BasOn
↓
whith opt
Bat + Sou >
-
BabOn
(99)
I
twhtpppt
ppt -
↓
define it's color
· solubility in exess (Naul ,
NHs).
Don't use
creary ,
cloudy muddy
,
.
Use words "pale or aark
(not light)
whorless
kinoy -
purple to
CV- -
orange-green
z
Solution ⑮
Jlight If you can
see particles ,
it's appt .
can pass
Imp :
No visible change) Don't writp
nothing happens).
For example
Mnouc
S
remains
colorless
after
E
adding
j -un known
coloness
station
KMKOU ↓
"Foxidize &
But
remains
it it
pumple
"no visible langs
↑
end Naot Zwol NH3 .
/dun Idm
ing2 ppt ppt
2+
ca .
⑬ no ppt
of = high -
CNH3-weak)
/(a) (partially
+
souble in Oxids)
Balt no ppt no ppt -
(very soluble) .
Al (OH)3 zu18H)2
Y
whitpppt
·
+ NaoH (dissole) -
+ (whi Bit)
En + NItz J 4/17 (excess-soluble
↓.
NaOH
white
.
4p+
&
solebbin
excess
*
brown
turns
air 3
Feite in
FP
↓ ↓
led buo couppt with
queen ppt-
with
(insoluble in NaoH/NHs) (NaOH/NH3 insible).
↑
Tricky part
Felt + e =
p3t
H202 +
Felt- gist
Best
P Must
off white pet >NaOH
and NHS .
- -
V insouble inecess
⑳ -
Mu- must
↓
heating
,
yMuQ
y
+ Y
↓ y
z
Black solid
Cu2t :
Naolt =
forms a bluepet
,
insouble in excess
NIS-palebus
T darker bue-es
curt(ag) >
- (uIH) 2 is) >
-
darkbue
solution .
Cust-green suktion
guey quee ppt >
-
Nast andNIs.
↓ I
.
soluble insoluble
Anions
vor(state)
.
.
-son(budswe) - Non
> (lach (
I &soluble) ssoluble
los Son"/SO3" NOsY NOz
↓ D Y
mostly insoluble PDA with
·
most of times Bikept
solid
Sulfite (Oxidize)
↓ Sulffati (doesn't
said oxidize)
sence What If
Ezines produced
+
2
Lo2
-
so
Oxidize it again
2-
Imp : Solid 102-102
& stati
Metal >
-
Et gas. ( Imp)
↓
BaSO3 [Basteel
zAcid
H2-Metal +
↓ after
aid
5
effpresence souble in acids.
CH(L or HNos) .
Cl , I Br
,
↓
Agg + Xing >
-
AgX(s)
AgNOs
Agci? Whitp-solubinamoria
insoluble
NH3 in
I AyBrisi-cream
-
be can
V Ayl-pale yellow- (green) -
insoublin Nits.
(b)
reactivity
increases -
↓
good reducing -
1- > 12 led brown solution)
agent
NO51 No-
↓
ap Avidified . KMuon
↓ ↓
Addfew
drops of
nativ
Hason
↓ *
.
kunnon
Ba+sOn -
Bason (Whipppt).
⑰- > Thee way
① Metals + And -
> He .
& Nanlos - And > voz
.
-
(3) Sodiu Thiosultati >
-
He
(4) Strip of Sinc Prondence
Magnesium
↓
#
Bunetic BX 25 .
00 cm3
Mess Ig
14 12
.
.
z 0 . 5 25 . 5 25 .
0
xic
a
Read
05Xe Pipette
Methyl overge yellow-orange
-
-
From
Dotassium magats- uncertainity
colorless to pink
To dive with Starch ~
Bue-black
to colorless .
Alcohol-reacts with
Sodium
.
lodoform reation -
O
weakaid-slower time
.
Ag = mcST. or VCAT
=
E
i
See
