1.

The Pauli exclusion principle results from the quantum mechanical fact that no two electrons in
an atom can
(A) have the same set of quantum numbers
(B) have the same spatial wave function
(C) have the same spin
(D) interact with each other
(E) be in an excited state simultaneously

2. A source emits 0.6 watt of visible monochromatic light of wavelength 6×107 meter. The
number of light quanta emitted per second is most nearly
(A) 2×106
(B) 6×107
(C) 2×1018
(D) 6×1025
(E) 6×1028

3. The plane of a square wire loop 0.2 meter on a side is perpendicular to a 0.008 tesla magnetic
field. If the magnetic field reduced to zero in 0.04 second, the average voltage induced in the loop
during the time interval is
(A) 0.008 V
(B) 0.04 V
(C) 0.2 V
(D) 3.2 V
(E) 32 V

4. A parallel-plate capacitor containing a removable dielectric is fully charged . If the dielectric is

removed with the charging battery disconnected, how do the total charge and energy stored by the
capacitor change?
Charge Energy
(A) Decreases Decreases
(B) Decreases Increases
(C) Stays the same Decreases
(D) Stays the same Increases
(E) Increases Decreases

1 kg 0
=
= 
0
3m

30   = 0.2 45 
1m
5. A 1-kilogram mass is initially held at rest at a height of 3 meters from the bottom of a 30
frictionless inclined plane, as shown above. The mass is released, slides down the plane, and
comes to a 1-meter horizontal table with coefficient of friction  = 0.2. After crossing this rough
table, the mass slides up a 45 frictionless inclined plane. How many times does the mass cross the
table before stopping?
(A) 1
(B) 5
(C) 15
(D) 10
(E) 100

6. The speed v of a particle moving in a straight line is given by , where t is time and a,

b, c are constants. The magnitude of the resultant force on the particle is directly proportional to
(A) b2
(B) b1
(C) b
(D) b1
(E) b2

hA B

hB

7. The skier shown above leaves point A from rest, skies down a frictionless ski jump, leaves the
jump at point B, and hits the ground at point C. The height at A and B are h A and hB. What is the
skier’s speed just before hitting the ground?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)
8. A photon impinges on the surface of a clean copper plate in a vacuum. A retarding potential of 1
volt is necessary to ensure that an emitted photoelectron is thought to rest. If the work function of
the copper plate is 4.0 electron volts, the wavelength of the photon is most nearly

(A) 12,000

(B) 4000

(C) 3000

(D) 2500

(E) 600

9. Oxygen, which has atomic number 8, has the ground state configuration given by which of the
following? (The notation nlk means that there are k electrons with principal quantum number n and
angular momentum l).
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

10. The lines in the characteristic emission spectra of elements in galaxies at great distance from
Earth are shifted to longer wavelengths relative to those observed from these elements on Earth.
The principal cause of this shift in wavelength is commonly thought to be
(A) scattering of the shorter wavelength compoments out of the light from the galaxies, similar to
the effect observed in the reddening of the light from the Sun when it is near the horizon
(B) multiple scattering of the photons during their trip to Earth
(C) an increase in the velocity of the photons during their trip to Earth.
(D) a gravitational effect as the radiation escapes
(E) a Doppler effect caused by the galaxies reddening from the Earth
 n1
Medium 1
L1 Maximum
1

Slits

L2

2
n2
Medium 2
Screen

11. Coherent monochromatic light passes through two narrow slits and forms an interference
pattern on a distant screen. The space between the slits is filled, as shown above, with media
having different indices of refraction n 1 and n2. Light from slit 1 travels a distance L 1, passing only
through medium 1 to reach the maximum shown in the figure. Light from slit 2 travels a distance
L2, passing only through medium 2, to reach the same point. What is a possible relationship
between L1 and L2?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

12. Radio signals emanating from a distance quasar at s frequency of 30 gigahertz are received
with a dish antenna 10 meters in diameter. With what precision can the direction of the quasar be
determined?
(A) 109 radian
(B) 106 radian
(C) 103 radian
(D) 101 radian
(E) The precision cannot be determined from the information given.
13. A mixture of one mole of helium (atomic weight = 4) and one mole of argon (atomic weight =
40) is in thermal equilibrium in a container at room temperature. The ratio of the rms speed of a
helium atom to the rms speed of an argon atom, vHe/vAr, is most nearly equal to
(A) 1
(B) 0.3
(C) 1
(D) 3
(E) 10

p (10 5 Pa)

6 B

A
2 C

V (10 -3 m 3)
0 2 4 6 8

14. A gas is taken through the cycle ABCA, as shown above. What is the net work done by
the gas?
(A) 2000 J
(B) 1000 J
(C) 0 J
(D) 1000 J
(E) 2000 J

15. The number of ways of distributing N distinguishable molecules among k states, with N 1 in
state 1, N2 in state 2, etc., is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

L
m

Pivot
Point

16. A massless rod of length L is pivoted about a horizontal axis through one end. A small object
of mass is attached to the other end. The rod is released from rest in a horizontal position, as
shown above, and swings as a pendulum. Assume there is no friction and no air resistance. Which
of the following quantities remains constant throughout the motion of the pendulum?
(A) Linear momentum of m
(B) Angular momentum of m relative to the pivot point
(C) Gravitational potential energy
(D) Kinetic energy
(E) None of the above

3m 4m

1m
2m
1m

17. A girl is initially crouching on a massless swing that is held at rest so that her center of mass is
2 meters above the ground. Assuming that the girl weighs 500 newtons, her center of mass is 4
meters from the pivot of the swing. The swing is released from rest. At the bottom of the arc the
girl stands up, instantaneously raising her cernter of mass by 1 meter. The dotted line in the figure
above represents the path of her center of mass. What is the ratio of her velocity just after she
stands up to her velocity just before she stands up?
(A) 6/5
(B) 5/4
(C) 4/3
(D) 3/2
(E) 2
 A B

18. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of varying cross section, as shown in the figure above.
The pressure is pA at A and pB at B. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) pA is greater than pB because the velocity is greater at B.
(B) pA is greater than pB because A is upstream from B.
(C) pA is less than pB because A is upstream from B.
(D) pA equals pB according to Pascal’s theorem.
(E) pA equals pB according to Bernoulli’s theorem.

 

V (x)

x
O

19. A one-dimensional square well potential with infinitely high sides is shown above. In the
lowest energy state, the wave function is proportional to sin kx. If the potential is altered slightly
by introducing a small bulge in the middle as shown, which of the following is true of the ground
state?
(A) The energy of the ground state remains unchanged.
(B) The energy of the ground state is increased.
(C) The energy of the ground state is decreased.
(D) The original ground state splits into two states of lower energy.
(E) The original ground state splits into two states of higher energy.

20. X and Y are two stationary states of a particle in a spherically symmetric potential. In which of
the following situations will the wave functions of the two states be orthogonal?
I. X and Y correspond to different energies.
II. X and Y correspond to different total orbital angular momenta L.
III. X and Y correspond to the same L but different Lz.
(A) Not neccesarily in any of these situations.
(B) In situation I, but not neccesarily in II or III.
(C) In situation I and II, but not neccesarily in III.
(D) In situation II and III, but not neccesarily in I.
(E) In all three situations.

V (x)

x
O

21. The graph above shows the potential energy as a function of position x for an infinite
triangular well. Which of the following is true of the bound state energy levels of this well?
(A) They are equally spaced for all energies.
(B) They are more closely spaced at higher energies.
(C) They are less closely spaced at higher energies.
(D) They are randomly spaced.
(E) There are no bound state energy levels.

22. A satellite of mass m circles the Earth at rasius r. Its period T is proportional to
(A)

(B)

(C)
(D)

(E)

4h

4m

23. The figure above shows two objects of mass m and 4m placed on a frictionless track at heights
of 4h and h, respectively. They start from rest, slide along the track, collide at the bottom, and
stick together. The speed of the objects just after the collision is
(A) 0

(B)

(C)
(D)
(E)

24. A table tennis paddle lies in the x-y plane, as shown above. Its center of mass is at the origin of
the coordinate system. If Ix, Iy,and Iz are the moments of inertia about the tthree axes, which of the
following is true?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

25. A spaceship of mass m is initially in a circular orbit around an isolated star of mass M. The
radius of the orbit is R. If the kinetic energy of the spaceship is doubled by a short burst of its
engine, what is the final total energy of the spacship? (The potential energu is taken to be zero
when the spaceship is at infinite distance from the star. G is the gravitational constant.)

(A)

(B)
(C) 0

(D)

(E)

R
+q

R
+

R

+Q

26. A particle with positive charge q is at the center of a spherical shell of inner radius R and outer
radius R+R, as shown above. The shell carries a postive charge Q that is uniformly distributed
throughout the shell. What is the work done on the particle in bringing it from r = 0 to r = R?
(A) 0

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

27. An electron moves at constant speed in auniform magnetic field. If the initial velocity of the
electron is parallel to the magnetic field, the electron describes a path that is a
(A) straight line
(B) helix
(C) circle
(D) parabola
(E) hyperbola
 E 0 cos  t ~

28. An AC source is connected to an LRC circuit, as shown above. Energy is stored in the
capacitor and inductor, and is dissipated in the resistor. At what times is the energy dissipated at
the maximum rate?
(A) When the stored energy is all in electric fields.
(B) When the stored energy is all in magnetic fields.
(C) When the stored energy is equally divided between electric fields and magnetic fields.
(D) When no energy is stored.
(E) Under none of the conditions above.

Questions 29-30
In an inertial frame S, a particle has a momentum (p x, py, pz) = (5, 3, ) MeV/c and a total
energy E = 10 MeV.
29. The speed v of the particle as measured in frame S is most nearly

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

30. Which of the following combinations of momentum p and energy E could represent the motion
of the particle described above, as observed in another inertial frame S, moving with an
unspecified velocity v, relative to S ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)
 6

12  10 

4

+
V
-

31. Ther current in the 6-ohm resistpr in the circuit shown above is 0.5 ampere. The voltage V
applied to the circuit is most nearly
(A) 6 V
(B) 8 V
(C) 16 V
(D) 18V
(E) 23 V

r
a

b
c

32. The cylinder shown above has radius a and uniform volume density . It is surrounded by a
concentric cylinderical shell, which is a conductor with inner and outer radii b and c, respectively.
Which of the following graphs displays the radial electric field E r as a function of r, the distance
from the axis?
 (A) Er (B) Er

r r
a b c a b c

(C) Er (D) Er

r r
a b c a b c

(E) Er

r
a b c

33. The mass of the Moon is 1.2 percent of the mass of the Earth. The radius of the Moon is 27
percent of the radius of the Earth. Approximately how long does it take for a rock released from
rest from a height of 0.5 meter above the Moon’s surface to strike the surface of the Moon?
(A) 0.25 s
(B) 0.8 s
(C) 2.5 s
(D) 8 s
(E) 25 s

 vd

R

34. A person at A is rotating at a radius R and angular speed  about a vertical axis B, as shown
above. The person throws a ball with horizontal speed v 0 with respect to the person. If the ball is to
hit B, at what angle  must the person aim?
(A) 0

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

35. Which of the following atomic transitions CANNOT occur through the emission of electric
dipole radiation?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

36. The nondegeneracy of the 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 levels of the hydrogen atom is an example of
(A) Zeeman splitting
(B) Stark splitting
(C) Fine structure
(D) Hyperfine structure
(E) Lamb shift

37. The energy of the K x-ray emitted by a lead atom is closest to

(A) 100 eV
(B) 1 keV
(C) 10 keV
(D) 100 keV
(E) 1 MeV

38. A charged particle traverses a proportional counter. About 10 4 times as many electrons are
collected as are formed by the particle in traversing the counter. This is the result of
(A) stimulated emission
(B) photoelectron production
(C) ionization by collisions
(D) magnetic resonance
(E) the Auger effect

39. Which of the following circuits are high-pass filters?

I. II.

In Out In Out

III. IV.

In Out In Out

(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) I and IV
(D) II and III
(E) II and IV

40. A mass m is tied to a light string wound around a pulley of moment of inertia I and radius R, as
shown above. The pulley bearing is frictionless. The tension in the string as the mass falls is
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

Questions 41-42
V

Cu Fe

Two rods are joined end-to-end, as shown above. Both have a cross-sectional area of 0.01 cm 2.
Each is I meter long. One rod is copper with a resistivity of 1.7×106 ohmcentimeter; the other is
iron with a resistivity of 105 ohmcentimeter.
41. What voltage is required to produce a current of 1 ampere in the rods?
(A) 0.117 V
(B) 0.0145 V
(C) 0.0117 V
(D) 0.00145 V
(E) 1.7×106 V

42. What is the surface charge density that builds up at the copper-iron interface when there is a
current of 1 ampere in the rods?
(A) Zero
(B) 1.7×108 coulomo/m2
(C) 10-10 coulomo/m2
(D) 7.0×1013 coulomo/m2
(E) 2.7×1013 coulomo/m2
 y

x
q 1 = 5 C

m = 1gm
4 cm

q 2 = 2 C

43. A bead of charge q1 = 5 microcoulombs and mass 1 gram slides without friction on a wire
along the x-axis, as shown above. Another charge q2 = 2 microcoulombs is fixed at x = 0, y = 4
centimeters. If q1 is released from rest at x = 3 centimeters, its speed at x = ∞ is most nearly
(A) 6 m/s
(B) 60 m/s
(C) 190 m/s
(D) 1900 m/s
(E) 6000 m/s

R1

E1 E2

+Q
C
-Q
R2

44. A capacitor is charged with two batteries, as shown above. If initially there is no charge on C,
which of the following expressions gives the time dependence of Q?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)
45. Positive charge is brought from far away and gradually assembled on the surface of an initially
uncharged sphere of radius R. The work required to place total charge Q on a sphere in this
manner is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

46. A particle of mass m moves in a thress-dimensional potential V(r) = kr2. If k is halved, what

is the ratio of the new ground-state energy to that of the old ground-state energy?
(A)
(B) 1/2
(C)
(D)
(E)

 

V0

- -a a 

47. A spinless nonrelativistic particle of mass m is placed in the divided suqare well shoqn above.
The potential rises to infinity at x =  l. Which of the following is NOT true for states (x) of
definite energy E?
(A) If V0 ∞, there are two states for each allowed energy.

(B) If V0 0, the allowed energies satisfy = integer.

(C) For a general V0 , solutions of definite E have a definite reflection symmetry. (x) = (x) or
(x) =  (x).
(D) (l) = 0 = (l).
(E) (a) = 0 = (a).

48. A particle moves in a potential

V(x) = 0, for x < L.
V(x) =  V0 , for L <x < L.
V(x) = 0, for x > L.
If the potential between L and L is shown to  5V0 and the total energy of the particle is negative
(E < 0), the number of bound states must
(A) stay the same or increase
(B) stay the same or decrease
(C) stay the same
(D) equal to zero
(E) increase

49. The sky appears blue because

(A) red light from the Sun is absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere
(B) dust particles in the Earth’s atmosphere preferentially scatter red light
(C) molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere preferentially scatter red light
(D) molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere preferentially scatter blue light
(E) oxygen molecules have absorption lines in the red region of the spectrum

50. A particle at rest in a laboratory lives for a time , as measured in the laboratory, before it
decays. How long does this particle live according to observers in a reference frame moving at
0.6c with respect to the laboratory?
(A) 6
(B) 0.8
(C) 

(D) 

(E) 
 Normal Mode 1

m m
k k k
Normal Mode 2
51. Two objects of mass m are connected by three identical springs of negligible mass, as shown
above. Two normal modes of oscillation are shown by the arrows. The ratio 1/2 of the
frequencies of the two normal modes is
(A)
(B)
(C) 1
(D)
(E)

52. For an isotropic two-dimension metal, the Fermi surface is a circle of radius k F in momentum
space. If the energy of an electron of mass m and wave vector k is , then the number
of states per unit energy (density of states ) at the Fermi energy F is

(A) proportional to

(B) proportional to

(C) proportional to

(D) proportional to

(E) independent of

53. In the nuclear reaction , the nucleus X is

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

54. In the Bohr model, the radius of an excited hydrogen atom in the n = 100 state is closest to
(A) 100 m
(B) 10 m

(C) 5000

(D) 1000

(E) 50
55. When two thin lenses of focal lengths f 1 and f2 are placed in contact, the focal length f of the
combination is given by the relation

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Light


x

56. Unpolarized light of intensity I0 travelling in the +z direction passes successively through three
perfect polarizers. The first of these passes light polarized along the x-axis, the middle one passes
light polarized at an angle of  relative to the x-axis, and the last passes light polarized along the
y-axis. The intensity of light emerging from the third polarizer is
(A) 0

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

57. A transmission diffraction erating gives first-order diffraction for 5000-angstrom light at an
angle  with respect to the original direction of propagation. If the grating diffracts all
wavelengths, one would also find which of the following at angle ?

(A) Second-order diffraction for 1250

(B) Second-order diffraction for 10,000

(C) Third-order diffraction for 2500

(D) Fourth-order diffraction for 1250

(E) Fourth-order diffraction for 20,000

58. Gas at standard temperature and pressure is initially in the left-hand compartment of the device
shown above. The fight-hand compartment is initially evacuated. The volumes of the two
compartments are the same, and the entire device is thermally insulated from its surroundings. If
the partition P separating the two compartments is rapidly pulled out sideways, which of the
following will be true?
(A) For an ideal gas, the temperature will be lower after the expansion.
(B) For a real gas, the temperature will be the same after the expansion.
(C) The final temperature is determined solely by the specific heat ratio c P/cV.
(D) The final pressure must be known before the final temperature can be computed for an ideal
gas.
(E) The internal energy will remain constant for any gas, real or ideal.

Questions 59-60
x

m
M

X
A car of mass M moves horizontally along the X-axis, as shown above. A mass m is attached to
the car by a spring having spring constant k. The x-coordinate measures of the position of m; x = 0
corresponds to the position of m in which the spring in neither stretched nor compressed. The axes
x and X are parallel.
59. What is the Lagrangian of this system?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

60. What is , the angular frequency of oscillations of m, as determined by the differential

equation

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

61. A pion of mass m that is at rest decays into a muon of mass m  and a massless neutrino. What
is the neutrino momentum in terms of m, m, and c?
(A) 0

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

62. An explosion occurs at the center of a rocket shio moving at a relativistic speed v with respect
to a laboratory inertial reference frame. The length of the rocket, as measured on the rocket, is L.
Let tF and tR be the respective times at which light from the explosion reaches the front and rear of
the rocket ship, where tF and tR are measured in the laboratory. If and , what

is tF  tR ?
(A) 0

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

63. If S is the total spin quantum number, which of the following lists all possible spin states for
three electrons?
(A) Two S = 1/2 doublets and one S = 1 triplet
(B) Two S = 0 singlets, one S = 1/2 doublet, and one S = 3/2 quartet
(C) One S = 0 singlet, one S = 1 triplet, and one S = 3/2 quartet
(D) Two S = 1/2 doublets and one S = 3/2 quartet
(E) Four S = 1/2 doublets

64. A muon and an antimuon having equal and opposite charges, can form a hydrogenic atom. The
masses of the muon and the antimuon are each 207 times the mass of an electron. The magnitude
of their charges is the same as the magnitude of the electron’s charge. What is the energy of the
ground state of this muon-antimuon atom in terms of the ground state energy E 0 of the hydrogen
atom?
(A) 207 E0
(B) 103.5 E0
(C) E0
(D) E0 / 103.5
(E) E0 / 207

65. The speed of rifle bullets is to be determined by using a ballistic pendulum consisting of a
plank suspended from a nail, as shown above. If the friction is negligible, for any point of impact,
quantities conserved during the collision for the system of the bullet and the plank include which
of the following?
I. Linear momentum
II. Angular momentum about the nail
III. Angular momentum about the center of mass
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II
(E) I and III
 C
B D

1 kg m2
60  60 
1 m/s A
60  E p2

p1

m1

66. A body of mass 1 kilogram moves to the right with velocity 1 meter per second, as shown
above on the left. The body explodes into three parts: m 1, m2, and m3. After the explosion, m1 and
m2 have momenta p1 and p2, both of magnitude 2 kilogrammeter per second, oriented as shown
above on the right. If all vectors shown start at the origin and are in the plane of the paper, the
momentum of m3 is represented by the vector
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

67. An object of mass m is connected to two fixed surfaces by four identical springs, as shown
above. The springs are of negligible mass and have spring constant k. The period of vertical
oscillation is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I. II. III. IV.

n = 1.20 n = 1.25 n = 1.35 n = 1.40

68. To render parallel a converging beam of light propagating in water with index of refraction n =
1.30. Which of the following lenses might be used in the water?
(A) I only
(B) I or III
(C) I or IV
(D) II or III
(E) II or IV

69. In the Stern-Gerlach effect, observed when a beam of atoms is passed through an
inhomogeneous magnetic field, which of the following is true?
(A) The atoms must be ionized first.
(B) No deflection is observed for hydrogen atoms.
(C) Only one deflection is observed for hydrogen atoms.
(D) Two distinct deflections are observed for sodium (Z = 11) atoms.
(E) Three distinct deflections are observed for magnesium (Z = 12) atoms.

70. Which of the following describes a liquid of 3He atoms?

(A) Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics only
(B) Bose-Einstein statistics only
(C) Fermi-Dirac statistics only
(D) Bose-Einstein statistics above some critical temperature T C and Fermi-Dirac statistics below
TC
(E) None of the above, because it is in the liquid state

L L

v v v v v

71. A steady stream of identical particle, some of which are shown in the figure above, passes an
observer O. As measured by O, the particles move with the same relativistic speed v and are

spread along a straight line at equal intervals L. Let . The number of particles
that pass O in unit time is nearly

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

R P
R
R

72. A thin insulating spherical shell of radius R just touches a thin infinite insulating plane, as
shown above. Both the shell and the plane have a uniform charge density of  coulombs per
square meter. What is the magnitude of the electric field at point P, which is a distance R above the
plane and a distance R from the outside of the sphere?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)
 K=1

+
a
V
K=2 b
-

73. A capacitor is formed of two concentric conducting spherical shells. Half of the space between
the shells is filled with air, and the other half is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant K = 2.
The capacitor is charged with a battery of emf V connected as shown above. The total charge
stored on the inner sphere is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

V (t)

O
t

74. Which of the following circuits employing diodes constitutes a full-wave rectifier in which a
sinusoidal input signal is converted to an output V(t), as shown in the diagram above?
 (A)

~ V

(B)

~ V

(C)

~ V

(D)

~ V

(E)

~ V

  R R

75. The circuit shown above contains a resistor whose resistance is R with an uncertainty R and a
battery of emf  with an uncertainty . The uncertainties are uncorrelated. What is the uncertainty
in the power dissipated in the resistor?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

76. A quantum system has two eigenstates : with energy E1 and with energy E2.

These are normalized and orthogonal: that is,

and

If at t = 0 the system was in the state

the probability of finding it in this same state at a later time t is

(A) zero
(B) 1

(C)

(D)

(E)

77. Let , , and be three orthogonal unit vectors. The expression

represents a traveling wave that is

(A) transversely polarized and propagating in the negative z direction
(B) transversely polarized and propagating in the positive z direction
(C) circularly polarized and propagating in the negative z direction
(D) circularly polarized and propagating in the positive z direction
(E) longitudinally polarized and propagating in the  direction
 Screen

1m
Light

78. A slit of vertical height 1×10 4 meter and horizontal width 4×10 4 meter is a distance of 1
meter from screen, as shown above. Light of wavelength 5000 A is incident on the slit. At the
screen, the pattern consists of a
(A) vertical line of dots
(B) horizontal line of dots
(C) grid of dots with vertical spacing 4 times larger than the horizontal spacing
(D) grid of dots with vertical spacing 4 times smaller than the horizontal spacing
(E) grid of dots with equal horizontal and vertical spacing

To B

Antennas 30°
To A

View from above

79. The four equally spaced vertical radio antennas shown above transmit equally and in phase at
106 hertz. If signals of equal intensity are received at A and B, each 50 kilometers away, a possible
spacing between two adjacent antennas is
(A) 100 m
(B) 150 m
(C) 300 m
(D) 350 m
(E) 600 m
 a

80. The inductor shown above is formed by winding wire N times around a toroidal piece of iron
of permeability . The major radius of the toroid is R and the minor radius is a, with a << R. What
is the inductance if this inductor?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

81. A radioactive nucleus A has a mean life of 10 seconds. The nucleus decays into its daughter B.
The mean life of B is 10 years. Starting with 10 22 nuclei A at t = 0, the rate of decay of B at t = 1
year is most nearly
(A) 1022 per year
(B) 1021 per year
(C) 1020 per year
(D) 1019 per year
(E) zero

82. Which of the following reactions or decays is allowed by the laws of nature?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

83. Heat flows from a body at temperature T1 to a body at temperature T2. The total change in
entropy of the two body is equal to

(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

84. A gas consists of N1 atoms in a state of energy E 1 and N1 atoms in a state of energy E 2. If the
temperature T of the gas is 300 K (kT=1/40 eV), the energy difference E 1  E2 is 4×103eV. The
ratio (N2N1 ) / (N1 +N2 ) is most nearly
(A) 1/10,000
(B) 1/100
(C) 1/12
(D) 1/3
(E) 1/2

Questions 85-86
The Lagrangian for a system with generalized coordinate q is

where (t is the time) and g(q) is an arbitrary function of the coordinate.

85. The canonical momentum conjugate to q is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

86. Which of the following is a constant of the for this system?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

87. The specific heat of a metal at low temperatures, T < 10 K, varies as , where
the first term arises from the free electrons and the second from the photons. The values of the
exponents are
(A) m = 1, n = 1
(B) m = 1, n = 2
(C) m = 1, n = 3
(D) m = 2, n = 2
(E) m = 2, n = 3

88. An alpha particle and a proton follow the same circular path in a uniform magnetic field. What
is the ratio, v/vp , of their nonrelativistic velocities?
(A) 1/4
(B) 1/2
(C) 1
(D) 2
(E) 4

89. A technique would most likely increase the signal- to-noise ratio of a photomultiplier tube is to
(A) operate the tube at a lower temperature
(B) operate the tube at higher voltage per dynode than usually specified
(C) use a radioactive source to saturate the noise level
(D) use a retarding potential on the first dynode
(E) use a photocathode of lower work function

90. Two electrons, e.g., those in an excited state of He, interact by a Coulomb potential. If their
spins are parallel, the spatial part of the total wave function must be antisymmetric with respect to
exchange. This triplet state is lower in energy than the corresponding singlet (antiparallel spins)
because in the triplet state the
(A) magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is weaker
(B) magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is stronger
(C) electrons are on the average closer together
(D) electrons are on the average farther apart
(E) spin-orbit couplings are weaker

91. For a simple inorganic lattice such as NaCl, first-order Bragg scattering of x-rays might
reasonably take place at close to 30 for x-rays of wavelength most nearly equal to

(A) 0.3

(B) 3.0

(C) 30

(D) 300

(E) 3000
92. Assuming that all the planes have the same reflection coefficient for sunlight and the same
emission coefficient, which of the following relationships would be expected between the planets’
average temperatures T in Kelvin and their distance R from the Sun?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

R, m

B g

v 

93. A resistor R of mass m is released from rest and slides without friction on conducting rails
connected to form a complete circuit, as shown above. Initially, the current I is zero. The rails are
inclined at an angle 0 to the horizontal. A vertical magnetic field B is present, as well as gravity.
Consider the time dependences

(1) , (2) , (3)

where  and  are positive and time-independence. What are the time dependence of the current I
and the speed v of the resistor?
(A) v and I both have time dependence (1)
(B) v and I both have time dependence (2)
(C) v and I both have time dependence (3)
(D) v has time dependence (1), I has time dependence (3)
(E) v has time dependence (2), I has time dependence (3)

94. Which of the following is most nearly equal to the lifetime of an excited atomic state that
decays by an allowed electric dipole optical transition in spontaneous emission?
(A) 1020 s
(B) 108 s
(C) 104 s
(D) 1s
(E) 104 s

95. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of any superconductor?

(A) The resistivity vanishes below the transitica temperature.
(B) A sufficiently large magnetic field can destroy the superconducting state.
(C) A gap exists in the allowable energy levels of the material.
(D) A magnetic field is excluded from the superconductor.
(E) The superconductor is paramagnetic.

96. A mass m of water at temperature T 1 is mixed with an equal mass of water at temperature T 2
adiabatically. If Cp is the specific heat of water, the total entropy change of the universe equals

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

97. An atom in an excited state with angular momentum quantum number J = 1 and magnetic
quantum number Jz = 0 decays by electric dipole radiation to a state with total angular momentum
zero. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) No photons will be emitted along the z-axis.
(B) Light emitted along the x-axis will be polarized along the y-axis.
(C) The photons will be emitted isotropically.
(D) The particles of the initial and final states are equal.
(E) More photons will be emitted with wave vector kz > 0 than with kz < 0.

98. If only the volume and surface energies are considered, which of the following expressions
best approximates the binding energy of a large nucleus containing A nucleons (a and b are
positive constants)?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

99. In a “mulccale” analogous to H 2, two protons are bound by a negative muon (m  = 200 me ). If
the separation of the two protons in the H2 ground state is x0, the separation of the two protons n
the “mulccule” ground state is approximately?

(A)

(B)
(C)

(D)

(E)

V0

100. Three balls, each of mass m, are attached to massless rubber cords knotted together, as shown
above left. The assembly is then thrown upward so that the initial velocity of the center-of-mass
(CM) is as shown above right. The CM speed V has an initial value V 0. Which of the following is
NOT true? (KE = kinetic energy)
(A) The CM moves like a projectile of mass 3m under the influence of gravity.

(B) Total .

(C) The angular momentum of the system about its CM is constant.

(D) KE relative to the CM mat change with time.
(E) Potential energy can be stored in the stretched rubber cords.