Corolla Altis Fuel injection system
Fuel System
The fuel system supplies fuel to the engine. It helps to regulate the volume of fuel
supply. The main components of the fuel system are
1 Fuel tank
It is a container for storing fuel.
2 Fuel pump
Pumps fuel from the fuel tank to the engine.
3 Fuel filter
Contains a filter element to remove contamination from the fuel.
4 Pressure regulator
Regulates the fuel pressure at an optimal level at all times, resulting in a stable fuel
injection.
5 Injector
Inject fuel into the intake manifold for the respective cylinders.
6 Fuel tank cap
Fuel Pump
The pump is of in-tank type. It pumps the fuel from the fuel tank to the engine, thus
enabling the fuel pipe to maintain a fixed pressure.
There are different ways in which a pump is driven; the EFI (Electronic Fuel
Injection) system uses an electrically driven pump.
The fuel pump has a built-in charcoal canister to ensure effective use of space in the
engine compartment.
Fuel Filter
The fuel filter helps in removal of contamination from the fuel.
To prevent the dirt from being pumped into the injectors, a filter paper is used to
remove contamination.
The fuel filter assembly must be replaced at regular intervals.
1 Fuel filter (case integrated type)
2 Fuel pump assembly
Fuel Pump Control
• Fuel cut control is used to stop the fuel pump when the airbag is deployed in a
front collision.
• When the airbag deployment signal from the airbag ECU assembly is detected
by the ECM, the ECM turns off the circuit opening relay.
• After the fuel cut control has been activated, turning the ignition switch from
OFF to ON cancels the fuel cut control, and the engine can be restarted.
Fuel Injector
A 12-hole type fuel injector is used. In response to signals from the ECU (Electronic
Control Unit), the coil pulls on the plunger and opens the valve to inject the fuel.
Pressure regulator
The pressure regulator controls the
fuel pressure to the injector. It
maintains a constant pressure.
When the fuel pressure exceeds the
force of the pressure regulator’s
spring, the valve opens to return fuel
to the fuel tank and regulate the
pressure.
Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)
An L-type EFI system is used.
• In this type the fuel metering is regulated by engine speed and amount of air
that actually enters the engine
• Fuel pump operation is controlled by signals from the ECM.
ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM
• The electronic control system consists of various engine sensors, ECU, fuel
injector assemblies and related wiring.
• The ECU determines precisely the amount of fuel to be delivered by the
injector by monitoring the engine sensors.
• The ECU turns on the injectors for a precise amount of time, referred to as
injection pulse width or injection duration to deliver proper air-fuel mixture.
Basic System Operation
• Air enters the engine through the air induction system where it is measured by
the air flow meter. As the air flows into the cylinder, fuel is mixed into the air
by the fuel injector.
• Fuel injectors are arranged in the intake manifold behind each intake valve.
The injectors are electrical solenoids which are operated by the ECU.
• The ECU pulses the injector by switching the injector ground circuit on and
off.
• When the injector is turned on, it opens, spraying atomized fuel at the back
side of the intake valve.
• As fuel is sprayed into the intake air stream, it mixes with the incoming air
and vaporizes due to the low pressures in the intake manifold. The ECU
signals the injector to deliver just enough fuel to achieve an ideal
air/fuel ratio of 14.7:1, often referred to as stoichiometry.
• The precise amount of fuel delivered to the engine is a function of ECU
control.
• The ECU determines the basic injection quantity based upon measured intake
air volume and engine rpm.
• Depending on engine operating conditions, injection quantity will vary. The
ECU monitors variables such as coolant temperature, engine speed, throttle
angle, and exhaust oxygen content and makes injection corrections which
determine final injection quantity.
Fuel Return-less System
The fuel return-less system is used to reduce evaporative emissions. As shown below,
by integrating the fuel filter, fuel pressure regulator and fuel pump, it is possible to
discontinue the return of fuel from the engine area thus preventing temperature rise
inside the fuel tank. This reduces the generation of evaporative emissions in the fuel
tank.
Advantages of EFI
• Uniform Air/Fuel Mixture Distribution
Each cylinder has its own injector which delivers fuel directly to the intake valve.
This eliminates the need for fuel to travel through the intake manifold, improving
cylinder to cylinder distribution.
• Highly Accurate Air/Fuel Ratio Control Throughout All Engine
Operating Conditions
EFI supplies a continuously accurate air/fuel ratio to the engine no matter what
operating conditions are encountered. This provides better driveability, fuel economy,
and emissions control.
• Superior Throttle Response and Power
By delivering fuel directly at the back of the intake valve, the intake manifold design
can be optimized to improve air velocity at the intake valve. This improves torque and
throttle response.
• Excellent Fuel Economy With Improved Emissions Control
Cold engine and wide open throttle enrichment can be reduced with an EFI engine
because fuel puddling in the intake manifold is not a problem. This results in better
overall fuel economy and improved emissions control.
• Improved Cold Engine Startability and Operation
The combination of better fuel atomization and injection directly at the intake valve
improves ability to start and run a cold engine.
• Simpler Mechanics, Reduced Adjustment Sensitivity
The EFI system does not rely on any major adjustments for cold enrichment or fuel
metering. Because the system is mechanically simple, maintenance requirements are
reduced.
