Power Engineering Test 5

Number of Questions 25Time:60 min.

Directions for questions 1 to 25: Select the correct alterna- (A) P and S (B) P, R and S
tive from the given choices. (C) R and S (D) P and R
1. The temperature of an ideal Otto cycle at the beginning 8. The T–S plot of a direct injection diesel engine is
and end of compression are 55°C and 378°C respec- T
3
tively. The compression ratio of the cycle will be V=C PVγ=C
(A) 6.23 (B) 6.66 2 4
(C) 5.55 (D) 5.22 (A) PVγ=C
V=C
2. An air standard Otto cycle has the following shape on 1
a thermodynamic property plane. The x and y coordi-
S
nates respectively are
T
2 P=C 3

(B) PVγ = C
4
PVγ = C V=C
1
T 3 S
P=C PVγ = C

(C) 2 4
PVγ = C
(A) T and S (B) S and V 1
V=C
(C) S and P (D) V and P
S
3. In a gas turbine cycle, the turbine output is 800 kJ/kg,
T 3
heat supplied is 1200 kJ/kg and heat rejected is 600 kJ/
kg. The thermal efficiency of the cycle is PVγ = C
V=C 4
(A) 33.34% (B) 60% (D) 2 V=C
(C) 43.34% (D) 50% PV = C 1
γ

4. A Carnot engine absorbs 400 J of heat from a reser-

S
voir at the temperature of boiling point of water and
rejects heat to a reservoir at triple point of water. The 9. A 4-stroke diesel engine, when running at 1500 rpm
efficiency of the engine is has an injection duration of 1.5 ms. What is the cor-
(A) 99% (B) 26.8% responding duration of the crank angle in degrees?
(C) 37.4% (D) 55.55% (A) 13.5° (B) 18°
(C) 19.5° (D) 15.5°
5. The efficiency of a simple gas turbine can be improved
by using a regenerator because 10. By higher, Octane number of SI fuel, it is meant that
(A) work of compression is reduced the fuel has
(B) heat required to be supplied is reduced (A) higher calorific value (B) longer ignition delay
(C) work output of the turbine is increased (C) lower flash point (D) higher volatility
(D) heat rejected is increased 11. Cylinder diameter and stroke of an engine working on
6. Brayton cycle with infinite number of feed water heater an Otto cycle are 220 mm and 240 mm respectively. If
(regeneration) stages would approximates a the clearance volume is 1500 cm3 then the air standard
(A) Otto cycle (B) Ericsson cycle efficiency of the cycle will be
(C) Carnot cycle (D) Stirling cycle (A) 54.3% (B) 47.3%
(C) 58.2% (D) 50.23%
7. For a gas turbine power plant, identify the correct pair
of statements. 12. A SI engine works with a compression ratio of 6. The
P. High air-fuel ratio is required as compared to fuel has a calorific value of 42000 kJ/kg. If the rela-
steam power plant. tive efficiency of the engine is 50% of the air standard
Q. Good compatibility with solid fuel. efficiency then the indicated fuel consumption (in kg/
R. Work ratio is very less as compared to steam kW-hr) will be
power plant. (A) 0.465 (B) 0.335
S. Works on the principle of Brayton cycle. (C) 0.381 (D) 0.312
3.180 | Power Engineering Test 5

13. A P-V diagram of SI engine is shown below. (A) 31% (B) 19%
P (C) 26% (D) 21%
3
18. For a SI engine, the given fuel-air ratio is 0.067. For a
brake power of 73.6 kW at a brake thermal efficiency
of 20%, if the density of air is 1.15 kg/m3, how much
volume of air is required every hour? (calorific value of
2 fuel is 42 MJ/kg)
4
(A) 409.37 (B) 470.78
(C) 416.23 (D) 387.36
1
19. A turbo charged four-stroke diesel engine has a dis-
placement volume of 0.03 m3. The engine has an output
of 970 kW at 2200 rpm. The mean effective pressure (in
b a V(m3) MPa) is closest to
(A) 1.531 (B) 2.163
The area of 3-4-a-b is (3705 Vb) kJ and area of 1–2–b–a (C) 1.224 (D) 1.763
is (1345 Vb) kJ where Vb is clearance volume in m3.
If the swept volume is 4.5 times the clearance volume 20. A gas turbine plant operates on the Brayton cycle with
then the mean effective pressure (in bar) of the cycle is temperature limit of 300 K and 1173 K. The maximum
(A) 5.98 (B) 5.244 work done (in kJ/kg) and corresponding cycle effi-
(C) 6.21 (D) 5.56 ciency will be
(A) 288 and 40.6% (B) 288 and 49.4%
14. Match List-I (Cycle) with List-II (Consisting process) (C) 312 and 49.4% (D) 312 and 40.6%
and choose the correct code given below.
21. In an ideal Brayton cycle, air enters at 1 bar and 300
List-I List-II
K and is compressed to 6 bar. If the maximum cycle
P. Lenoir cycle 1. Two isothermal and two con- temperature is 1200 K, then the work ratio and cycle
stant pressure.
efficiency respectively are
Q. Atkinson cycle 2. Two isothermal and two (A) 0.583 and 40.1% (B) 0.861 and 40.1%
isochoric
(C) 0.583 and 51.16% (D) 0.861 and 51.16%
R. Stirling cycle 3. One isochoric, one isobaric,
one isentropic. 22. An open cycle gas turbine uses a fuel of calorific value
S. Ericsson cycle 4. Two isentropic, two isochoric 41000 kJ/kg with air fuel ratio of 100:1 and develops a
and one isobaric. net output of 100 kJ/kg of air. The thermal efficiency of
the cycle is
P Q R S (A) 19.62% (B) 24.39%
(A) 3 4 1 2 (C) 27.37% (D) 16.45%
(B) 3 4 2 1
(C) 4 3 2 1 23. In an ideal Brayton cycle, atmospheric air at 1 bar and
(D) 4 3 1 2 310 K is compressed to 10 bar. The maximum tempera-
ture in the cycle is limited to 1200 K. If the heat is sup-
15. Cylinder bore and stroke of a diesel engine are 300 mm
plied at the rate of 90 MW, the mass flow rate (in kg/s)
and 375 mm respectively. If the clearance volume is
of air required in the cycle is
2000 cm3 with fuel cut-off occurring at 5% of the stroke
(A) 149 (B) 109
then the ideal efficiency of the diesel engine will be
(A) 56.66% (B) 63.36% (C) 126 (D) 94
(C) 59.62% (D) 61.35% 24. A gas engine has swept volume of 320 cm3 and clear-
16. An engine working on diesel cycle has the inlet pres- ance volume of 30 cm3. Its mechanical efficiency is
sure and temperature as 1 bar and 17°C. The pressure at 0.90. If the volumetric efficiency is 0.88, the volume of
the end of the compression is 35 bar and the expansion the mixture (in cm3) taken in per stroke is
ratio is 5. The heat added to the cycle (in kJ/kg) will be (A) 302.4 (B) 219.7
(A) 1039.67 (B) 1377.75 (C) 264 (D) 281.6
(C) 1234.67 (D) 1100.67 25. The order of values of thermal efficiency of Otto,
17. A four stroke petrol engine produces 36.8 kW of brake Diesel and Dual cycle, when they have same maximum
power with mechanical efficiency of 80%. If brake spe- pressure and temperature and same heat rejection, is
cific fuel consumption is 0.4068 kg/kW-hr and calorific given by
value of the fuel is 42 MJ/kg then the brake thermal (A) ηotto > ηdiesel > ηdual (B) ηdiesel > ηdual > ηotto
efficiency of the engine will be (C) ηdual > ηdiesel > ηotto (D) ηotto > ηdual > ηdiesel
 Power Engineering Test 5 | 3.181

Answer Keys
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B
21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B

Hints and Explanations

1 1 ηith = 0.5 × 0.5116 = 0.256

V  T  g −1  378 + 273  0.4 ip
1. r = 1 =  1  =
V2  T2   55 + 273  now ηith = •
CV × m
⇒ r = 5.55 Choice (C) •
2. Two isentropic and two constant volume process. m 1 1
⇒ = =
 Choice (B) ip CV × nith 42000 × 0.256
Wnet Qrej 600 •
3. η = = 1− ⇒ h = 1− = 50% Choice (D) m 1
Qadd Qadd 1200 ⇒ = × 3600 kg kW-hr
ip 42000 × 0.256
T2 273.15
4. η = 1 – = 1 − ⇒ isfc = 0.335 kg/kW-hr Choice (B)
T1 (100 + 273.15)
Net work
⇒ η = 0.26796 or 26.8% Choice (B) 13. pm =
Swept volume
5. Choice (B)
6. Choice (A) 3705Vb − 1345Vb
⇒ pm = = 524.44 kPa
7. Choice (B) 4.5Vb
8. 1 – 2 → Isentropic compression process ⇒ pm = 5.244 × 105 Pa
2 – 3 → Constant pressure heat addition or pm = 5.244 bar Choice (B)
3 – 4 → Isentropic expansion process
4 – 1 → Constant volume heat rejection Choice (C) 14.
2
q 60 T
9. The time for injection = ×
360 N PVγ = C
q 60 V=C
0.0015 = × ⇒ q = 13.5o  Choice (A)
360 1500 3

10. Choice (B)

p 2 p P=C
11. Swept volume, VS = D L = × 222 × 24 1
4 4
⇒ VS = 9123.185 cm3
Compression ratio, r = 1 + S
(P) Lenior Cycle
VS 9123.185
= 1+ = 7.082
VC 1500 (P) Lenior Cycle
1 1 T 3
ηstd = 1 − = 1−
(r )g −1
(7.082) 0.4
PVγ = C

⇒ ηstd = 0.543 or 54.3% Choice (A) V=C 4

1 2 4’
12. ηstd = 1 – g − 1 V=C
(r )
1 P=C
⇒ ηstd = 1 – = 0.5116 1
(6 ) 0.4

Indicated thermal efficiency S

Relative efficiency = (Q) Atkinson Cycle
Air-standard efficiency
3.182 | Power Engineering Test 5

(Q) Atkinson Cycle 0.4

PV = C
⇒ T2 = 290 × (35)1.4
T 3 4
⇒ T2 = 800.867 K
1

g V  P g
g
V=C V=C
P1 V = P2 V ⇒ 1 =  2 
1 2
V2  P1 
4 V1 1
∴ r= = (35)1.4 = 12.67
V2
2 PV = C 1 r 12.67
rc × re = r ⇒ rc = = = 2.534
re 5
S
(R) Stirling Cycle T3 = Rc × T2 = 2.534 × 800.867
⇒ T3 = 2029.397 K
(R) Stirling Cycle
Qadd = 1.005 × [2029.397 – 800.867]
T
PV = C
⇒ Qadd = 1234.67 kJ/kg Choice (C)
3
4
17. Given:
bp = 36.8 kW, ηm = 0.8
P=C P=C bsfc = 0.4068 kg/kW-hr, CV = 42 MJ/kg
mf
4 bsfc = ⇒ mf = bsfc × b.p = 0.4068 × 36.8
b. p
PV = C
⇒ mf = 0.0041584 kg/sec
2 1 b. p 36.8
ηbth = =
m f × CV 0.0041584 × 42000
S
(S) Ericison Cycle ⇒ η = 0.2107 or 21.07% Choice (D)
(S) Ericison Cycle b. p 73.6
18. ηbth = 0.2 = ⇒ mf =
 Choice (B) m f × CV 0.2 × 42000
p 2 p ⇒ mf = 0.008762 kg/sec
15. VS = D L = × 302 × 37.5
4 4 mf 0.008762
⇒ VS = 26507.188 cm3 Now, = 0.067 ⇒ ma =
ma 0.067
V 26507.188
r=1+ S =1+ = 14.25 ⇒ ma = 0.130776 kg/sec
VC 2000
⇒ ma = 470.794 kg/hr
rC = V3/V2 m 470.794
Volume of air, Va = a =
Cut-off volume, VC = V3 – V2 ra 1.15
⇒ V3 – V2 = 0.05 (VS)
⇒ Va = 409.37 m3/hr Choice (A)
= 0.05 × 13.25 × VC
V2 = VC 19. VS = V1 – V2 = 0.03 m3, Wnet = 970 kW, N = 2200 rpm
V3 = 1.6625 VC For four-stroke engine
V p × LANK p × 0.03 × 2200 × 1
rC = 3 = 1.6625 ip = m ⇒ 970 = m
V2 60 × 2 60 × 2
⇒ pm = 1.763 MPa Choice (D)
1  1.66251.4 − 1 
η=1– ×
( )
2
 Tmax − Tmin
1.4 (1.6625 − 1) 
14.25 0.4 20. (Wnet)max = CP
2
⇒ η = 0.6135 or 61.35% Choice (D) = 1.005  1173 − 300 
16. Given:
P1 = 1 bar P2 = 35 bar (Wnet)max = 288 kJ/kg
T1 = 17oC = 290 K, Re = 5 T 300
ηcycle = 1 – min = 1 −
Qadd = mCP(T3 – T2) Tmax 1173
g −1
T P  g ⇒ ηcycle = 0.49427 Choice (B)
1 – 2: 2 =  2 
T1  P1 
 Power Engineering Test 5 | 3.183

1 1 100 × 100
21. ηcycle = 1 – g −1
= 1− 0.4 ⇒ h= = 0.2439
41000
(r )
p
g (6 ) 1.4
or η = 24.39% Choice (B)
⇒ ηcycle = 0.401 or 40.1% 23. T1 = 310 K, P1 = 1 bar
Now P2 = 10 bar, T3 = 1200 K
g −1 0.4 g −1
T2  P2  g
 6  1.4
= ⇒ T2 = 300 ×   = 500.55 K T2  P2  g

T1  P1   1 =
T1  P1 
g −1
0.4
T3  P3  g −1
1200
T2 = 310 × (10 )1.4
g
= = ( rP ) g ⇒ T4 = ⇒
T4  P4  0.4
(6 ) 1.4
⇒ T2 = 598.516 K
•
⇒ T4 = 719.2 K Now m × CP × (T3 – T2) = 90 MW
WT = CP(T3 – T4) •
⇒ WT = 1.005 (1200 – 719.2) ⇒ m × 1.005 × (1200 – 598.576) = 90 × 103
⇒ WT = 483.204 kJ/kg •

WC = CP(T2 – T1) = 1.005 (500.55 – 300) ⇒ m = 148.88 kg/s ~ 149 kg/s Choice (A)
⇒ WC = 201.55 kJ/kg Actual volume of air sucked
W − WC 483.204 − 201.555 24. ηvolumetric =
Theoretical volume of air suked
Work ratio = T =
WT 483.204
Vactual
∴ = 0.88
⇒ W.R = 0.583 Choice (A) 320
•
Wnet 100 × m a Vactual = 281.6 cm3 Choice (D)
22. η = = • 25. Wnet decreases from diesel cycle to Otto cycle because
Qadd m f × 41000
net area is decreasing. Hence efficiency also decreases.
 Choice (B)