Module 4

Week No: 11 – 17

Title of Module: Service to Fellowmen

This module consists of (1) lesson namely:

Lesson 1: Gender, Development and Society
Lesson 2: Aspects of Leadership, Politics and Governance
Lesson 3: Values Framework of the Filipinos; The Life and Values As Shown by
Atty. Francisco G. Perez and Atty. Pablo C. Umali

Overview

Every person must make an effort to elevate themselves and recognize their true worth in their
own unique way. You need to spend some time with people. Do something, however small, to
assist those in need of a man's help and support, for which you receive no payment but the honor
of doing it. Remember that you do not live in a world all to yourself. This module covers topics
that will lead an individual to serve his fellowmen.

Expected Output: Reflective Essay; Quiz

Module Time Allotment (weeks or hours): 2 weeks / 6 hours

LESSON 1: Gender, Development and Society

ABOUT THE LESSON:

The focus of the previous lesson was on the various aspects of learning and what it truly
means to acquire wisdom. This is due to the university's emphasis on the value of persistently
seeking knowledge and eventually developing a passion for acquiring it. This lesson will
concentrate on the last of the university's three core values, Service to Fellowmen. We will look
into the relationship between gender and development, as well as how our sexual orientation and
preference can assist us in developing our third and final core value.

At the end of the lesson, you can:

LO1. Define gender mainstreaming;
LO2. Describe gender equality in relation to leadership; and
LO3. Assess oneself in the aspect of service to fellowmen.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: Free Talk; Quiz

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 2 weeks / 6 hours

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

VIDEO – REFLECT

Kindly watch the video “Gender Equality: Now” by WorldFish through clicking the YouTube link
provided below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4viXOGvvu0Y

REFLECTION GUIDE

In light of the video you just watched, what do you think is the importance of
Gender Empowerment in our society?

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Gender, Development and Society

Gender Mainstreaming
The learned social distinction and relationship between
men and women varies greatly across societies and cultures and
evolves over time. The term "gender" is currently used to analyze
the roles, responsibilities, limitations, opportunities, and needs of
men and women in every area of society. And as such, the quest
to compel people all over the world that gender is one of the main
sources of social difference is making great strides. Some nations
have made significant progress toward establishing gender
inclusive policies and practices.

Now, when you were a kid, how did you figure out whether
you were a boy or a girl? How did you learn to act like a boy or a girl?
You are taught the values and behaviors expected of your assigned
sex in accordance with the culture and traditions of your community
as you grow up. For instance, traditional societies expect men to
perform physically demanding work and provide for the family's basic
needs. Women, on the other hand, are expected to perform
household duties in addition to caring for the husband and children.

In today’s era, we refer to these as gender roles or the

learned behaviors in a given society, community or other social
group. They condition activities, tasks and responsibilities that are
perceived as male or female. These roles are affected by age, class,
race, ethnicity and religion, and by the geographical, economic and
political environment.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 With these being said, let us now turn our attention on gender mainstreaming and gender
equality in relation to leadership.

In all areas and at all levels, any planned action,

including legislation, policies, or programs, must be
evaluated for its effects on women and men from a gender
perspective. To ensure that women and men are treated
equally and that gender inequality does not persist, gender
mainstreaming integrates the concerns and experiences of
men and women into the development, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of policies and programs across
political, economic and social domains. Thus, achieving gender equality is the ultimate goal.

To further elaborate, gender mainstreaming involves three key principles –

empowerment, accountability, and integration of effort.

ACCOUNTABILITY
EMPOWERMENT - this could be a positive
- controlling the issues and form of motivation, such
decisions that affect one's as reward systems for
life; having a voice in achieving specific goals,
decision-making bodies or a less positive form,
and control over resource such as boundary
distribution. In areas systems that define
where individuals are acceptable/unacceptable
underrepresented, correc behaviors with
tive action must be taken corresponding punitive
on purpose. measures for those who
cross the boundary.
INTEGRATION OF EFFORT
- a high level of coordination is required to
ensure that gender mainstreaming is a
comprehensive approach to transforming
structures that create or perpetuate
gender inequality, as opposed to a "band-
aid" solution.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 It is critical to reflect societal diversity because 'men' and 'women' are more than just
biological categories; they also include elements such as race and ethnicity, age, and social class,
among others. Gender inequalities cannot be addressed adequately unless inequalities
caused by these variables are also addressed.

Gender and Leadership

Since people first came together in groups to protect

one another from the environment, dangerous animals, and
other people, to work together to accomplish tasks that were
beyond the scope of an individual, and to form families and
other social groups to satisfy kinship needs, leadership has
been a part of human experience. In recent years, social,
cultural, and political developments have demonstrated that
both men and women can make effective and ineffective
leaders, and today, both men and women are expected to do
so. It is crucial to look beyond considerations of a person's
biological sex and oversimplified generalizations about what makes a male leader successful
versus a female leader in order to maximize the effectiveness of both men and women in
leadership. It is crucial to think about whether and how gender affects leadership. As previously
mentioned, gender is a personal characteristic that affects how people perceive themselves, are
regarded by others, and behave in a variety of circumstances. Hence, it is important to take
gender into account when analyzing how it relates to leadership effectiveness.

The process by which one person can enlist the help and
support of others in order to complete a common goal is known
as leadership. Understanding how behaviors spread in a group
necessitates identifying various social interactions and their
impact on the entire group. In any group of people, there are
bound to be a number of differences between them when they get
together, in status, influence, etc.) The most influential person for
one task may not be that person for another. This pattern of

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
relationships changes according to the nature of the task. A most common question is whether or
not there is a distinct difference between leadership styles that are more suited to women and
men. The issue is whether or not a man and a woman in leadership roles work differently or
similarly. Each group's leadership style has an impact on how the group develops in general, so
examining the various relationships that arise when members agree on divisions of labor, roles,
and responsibilities is necessary to provide an answer. These leadership positions can be
influenced by gender stereotypes as well, as they can affect the behavior of both men and women
in the workplace as well as their willingness to take on leadership roles as the organization
evolves.

The question is… does gender matter in leadership?

In the field of leadership, this is one of the most highly

debated question topics. Some claim that gender differences
have a significant impact on how well leaders perform their jobs,
while others counter that these differences have no bearing on
how well leaders perform their jobs. Some people think that
women are limited in what they can accomplish compared to
men. Women are viewed as being helpless. Additionally, there
is a perception in society that women cannot hold certain jobs
because they would not be successful in them. Giving women
the same treatment as men does not, therefore, result in fairness. Hence, a good leadership style
must include effective communication. It can be said that a leadership style is ineffective if there
is poor communication between the leader and the followers. There is a pervasive belief that
women are less effective communicators than men. But one of the desirable characteristics of a
good leader is considered to be the ability to use both sides of the brain.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
The Art of Influence

There are a number of ways in which a leader's influence is

measured, and the following is a list of some of the most commonly
used ones: Influence is often used as a gauge of a leader's ability to
influence others. Expertise, authority, and likeability are all important
factors in determining influence, which considers source characteristics,
such as leader characteristics. A leader's influence tends to be greater
when they have expertise and are liked than when they lack expertise
and are disliked.

As a result of gender stereotyping, the characteristics of competence and likeability as

contributors of influence have particular relevance to gender. There may be a conflict between
the stereotypical leader role and the feminine gender role for people who are predominantly
feminine in style. A woman's ability to exert influence is frequently reliant on her ability to
overcome this double-bind, while men typically do not face the same social pressure.

Historically, men have occupied higher-status positions

than women, which has resulted in men having higher status than
women. Differentiated status between men and women is an
important determinant of power because it impacts how someone
is judged to be competent in their role. Various researchers state
that status can be used implicitly to form performance
expectations for both the individual and others. People assume
that people with a higher social status are more capable and more
willing to bend to the will of those with a higher social status. Higher status individuals, on the
other hand, have a tendency to engage in agentic behaviors and are perceived as more influential.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 It is argued, however, that women will engage in more
communal behavior and men will engage in more agentic behavior.
Men have historically had a higher social standing, making them
more legitimate influencers who are rewarded for doing so. Due to
the perception that they are attempting to gain power and influence
illegally, low-status individuals who engage in agentic behaviors
are more likely to be resisted. The most effective way to overcome
this potential resistance is for people of lower social status to
convey a lack of personal gain and a lack of control, instead expressing a relational and collectivist
motivation. As a result, social behavior should boost the influence of those with a lower social
status.
In light of the realities of the contemporary professional, political, social, and personal
spheres, gender and leadership should be given serious and thoughtful consideration.
Researchers and the general public now acknowledge that genetics alone cannot determine
gender. Gender is a better indicator of individual differences than any other factor.

Assessing Oneself in relation to Service to Fellowmen

Saddening is the fact that the world still has a long

way to go to become a better and more equal place to live
for all people. Consequently, members of Philippine society
who were identified as LGBTQIA+ are not yet fully
accepted, despite the country's tolerance. According to
Frando and Isip (2019), it must be clear that sexual
orientation and psychological adjustment have no
correlation. However, it is unfortunate that people who out
themselves and assume they are one of these ganders are
often looked down upon or treated with less respect. Though they are sometimes treated with
less respect, gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others have equal physical and mental health as

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
straight or heterosexuals—and even more are achievers and excelling in their craft. That is why
there is openness among homosexuals, bisexuals, and other LGBTQIA+ people in institutions.

At the end of the day, one's gender, creed, or predisposition should not prevent them from
providing the best service possible. When providing and accepting assistance, one must also
disregard boundaries, stereotypes, and preconceived notions. Dedication and commitment to
improving the lot of our fellow citizens is not conditional. It is a person's totality and willingness to
give himself that is important, not his sexuality or gender.

To sum up, we can conclude from the lesson that there is still much work to be done in
order to achieve an equal society. Gender and development are just two aspects of making the
world a better place than we found it. Gender and sexual orientation should not be a barrier to
someone being recognized for his natural talent and expertise. However, stereotypes and
prejudices should be avoided because it is not a measure for quantifying a person's service and
acceptance of service from others, but rather a total and genuine one.

FREE TALK

Create a 3-minute video discussing your perspective on the

relationship between Gender and Leadership, especially in view of the
significant recognition of diversity in our contemporary society.

DIRECTIONS:

ü The presentation must be in the.mp4 format with a video resolution of 1280 x 720 (720p).
ü You should dress formally and use adequate lighting when filming your video.
ü Rubric for the activity will be uploaded to your UBian LMS.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 ASSESSMENT TIME!

Prepare for a 10-item quiz which

will be posted on your UBian LMS
Assignment Tab.

References:
A. Books
• Frando, M. (2019). Understanding the Self. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
• Dellomos, C. (2019). Understanding the Self. Jimczyville Publications.
• Brawner, D.G., & Arcega, A. (2018). Understanding the Self. C&E Publishing, Inc.
• Keene, J. (2018). Understanding Human Sexuality. Willford Press.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
LESSON 2: Aspects of Leadership, Politics and Governance

ABOUT THE LESSON:

Aside from his rational and social nature, man is said to be a political being. As a political
being, he engages in the politics of life and whether we like it or not, politics will always be a part
of our lives. It is something we cannot do without. For as long as we need to have some social
organization, we need government and politics is precisely the "theory, art, and practice of
government." In this lesson, we will examine the various facets of leadership, politics, and
governance.

At the end of the lesson, you can:

LO1. Define and illustrate the framework of the Philippine government;
LO2. Compare and contrast the major branches of the Philippine government;
LO3. Articulate the various roles and responsibilities of a Filipino citizen;
LO4. Appraise the current socio- political conditions of The Philippines; and
LO5. Develop critical evaluation of the roles of various groups and individuals toward
national development.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: Vlog; Quiz

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 2 weeks / 6 hours

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

QUOTE – REACT!

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 BRAINSTORMING

Elaborate the aforementioned quote from “The Greatest” Muhammad Ali.

Aspects of Leadership, Politics and Governance

Structure and Operation of Philippine Politics

The heartland of former Spanish East Indies and once
America’s sole colony in Asia, the Philippines is a land of mind-
bending paradoxes, where swift changes have gone hand in
hand with obstinate continuities. The Southeast Asian nation
witnessed the birth of Asia’s first modern nationalist
movement, initially led by the progressive sections of the
Creole class and the so-called ilustrado mestizos, but
reaching its apogee in the final years of the 19th century under
the command of (Tagalog-dominated) provincial gentry and a
broad coalition of petty bourgeois nationalists. In contrast,
advanced state-formation came relatively late to the island
nation, which has a limited history of large-scale polities in the precolonial era compared to
neighboring Indonesia (Majapahit Empire) or Cambodia (Khmer Empire). A century since the
advent of ‘first Filipinos,’ the country’s nation-building project remains glaringly unfinished,
hobbled by persistent ethnolinguistic divides and Islamist and Communist movements that are
among the world’s longest-running such insurgencies. For almost five centuries, Catholicism
stood as the dominant religion in the country, but recent decades have seen homegrown

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
evangelical groups become major forces in the country’s political landscape with the advent of
denominational ‘bloc voting.’ A major entrepot during the trans-pacific Galleon Trade, the country
became a regional economic powerhouse from the late 18th century up until the mid-20th century.
Building on bouts of liberal reforms during Spanish colonialism and Commonwealth institutions
under American tutelage, the Philippines also boasts among the oldest democratic institutions in
the postcolonial world. The past half century, however, witnessed the country’s decline to the
“Sick man of Asia” following decades of political instability and absence of sustained economic
development.
How did this circumstance happen? Let us make an analysis by taking a brief
understanding of the political structure of the Philippine government.

The Philippine Government

The Philippine government takes place in an organized framework of a presidential,
representative, and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the
head of government. This system revolves around three separate and sovereign yet
interdependent branches: the legislative branch (the law-making body), the executive branch (the
law-enforcing body), and the judicial branch (the law-interpreting body). Executive power is
exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Legislative power is vested
in both the government and the two-chamber congress—the Senate (the upper chamber) and the
House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Judicial power is vested in the courts with the
Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.

The Executive Branch

The executive branch is headed by the President
who functions as both the head of state and the head of
government. The president is also the Commander-in-
Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The
president is elected by popular vote to a term of six years.
The president, then, appoints (and may dismiss) his/her
cabinet members whom he/she presides over. The
executive seat of government is administered officially from Malacañang Palace—also the official

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
residence of the president—in Manila. The President may no longer run for re-election, unless
he/she becomes president through constitutional succession and has served for no more than
four years as president.

The second highest official, the vice-president is first in line to succession should the
president resign, be impeached or die in office. The vice-president usually, though not always,
may be a member of the president's cabinet. If there is a vacancy in the position of Vice President,
the President will appoint any member of Congress (usually a party member) as new Vice
President. The appointment will be validated by a three-fourths vote of Congress voting
separately.

The Legislative Branch

According to the 1987 Constitution, legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of
the Philippines, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four

Senators who shall be elected at large by the qualified voters
of the Philippines, as may be provided by law; the House of
Representatives shall be composed of not more than 250
(unless otherwise fixed by law), 20 percent of whom must be
Party-list representatives.

The Congress, on the other hand, is responsible for

making enabling laws to make sure the spirit of the
constitution is upheld in the country and, at times, amend or
change the constitution itself. In order to craft laws, the
legislative body comes out with two main documents: bills
and resolutions. Resolutions convey principles and
sentiments of the Senate or the House of Representatives.
Bills are laws in the making. They pass into law when they are approved by both houses and the
President of the Philippines. A bill may be vetoed by the President, but the House of

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Representatives may overturn a presidential veto by garnering a 2/3rds vote. If the President does
not act on a proposed law submitted by Congress, it will lapse into law after 30 days of receipt.

The Judiciary

The judiciary branch of the government is headed by

the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head
and 14 Associate Justices, all appointed by the president on
the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council. This
new process is intended to “de-politicize” the courts of
justice, ensure the choice of competent judges, and fill
existing vacancies without undue delay.

As in the 1935 and 1973 Constitutions, the 1987 Constitution provides that “[t]he judicial
power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by
law.” (Art. VII, Sec. 1). The exercise of judicial power is shared by the Supreme Court with all the
courts below it, but it is only the Supreme Court’s decisions that are vested with precedential value
or doctrinal authority, as its interpretations of the Constitution and the laws are final and beyond
review by any other branch of government.

Local Government Units

The local government in the Philippines is divided into three levels: provinces, and
independent cities, component cities and municipalities, and barangays, all of which are
collectively known as local government units (LGUs). In one area, above provinces and
independent cities, is an autonomous region, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao. Below barangays in some cities and municipalities are sitios and puroks. All of these,
with the exception of sitios and puroks, elect their own executives and legislatures. Sitios and
puroks are often but not necessarily led by an elected barangay councilor.

Provinces and independent cities are organized into national government regions but
those are administrative regions and not separately governed areas with their own elected
governments. According to the Constitution of the Philippines, the local governments "shall enjoy

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
local autonomy", and in which the Philippine president exercises "general supervision”. Congress
enacted the Local Government Code of the Philippines in 1991 to "provide for a more responsive
and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with
effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local
government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the qualifications,
election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local
officials, and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of local units." Local
government units are under the control and supervision of the Department of the Interior and
Local Government.

Basic Structure of the Philippine Government

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Duties and Responsibilities of a Filipino Citizen

Now that you have a profound understanding of the structure of the Philippine government,
let us now delve into the aspect of citizenship; an element that is both legal and philosophical in
the realm of leadership.

What is citizenship and who is a citizen?

Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political

society, which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the
part of the member and the duty of protection of the part of the State. A citizen
on the other hand is a person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of
a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is accorded
protection inside and outside the territory of the State. Along with other citizens,
they compose the political community.

To be a Filipino citizen, a person must belong to any of the classes enumerated in Section
1 of Article IV of the 1987 Constitution, which provides;
Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;
2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Now that you have a basic understanding of what citizenship is and who a citizen is, you
must delve deeper into what it entails. When Peter Parker was talking to his Uncle Ben in the
movie Spiderman, the latter said, "with great power comes great responsibility." It must be

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
understood that Filipino citizenship is a privilege, not a right. Thus , it should not be taken for
granted. Citizenship in the Philippines must never be treated as a commodity that can be claimed
when needed and suppressed when it is convenient. One who is granted the right to choose
Philippine citizenship only has an inchoate right to it. As such, the individual must not sleep on
his privilege, but rather act with fervor, enthusiasm, and promptitude.

What Does It Mean To Be A Filipino?

This is a complicated question that may require clarification. Does it refer to our
appearance and skin color? Does it pertain to the food we eat or the clothing we wear? Or is there
anything that makes us special?

Too often have we cringed at the media's quick association of Pinoy Pride with a person
of influence or power who has an ounce of Filipino blood but has never visited the Philippines or
is ignorant of his or her Filipino heritage. It is unfortunate that validation from the West is needed
for Filipinos to recognize and applaud their own—those who were born, raised, educated, and
trained in the Philippines. We are prejudiced against our own brothers and sisters across the
archipelago, and we call them names. We also refer to other ethnic groups with derogatory terms
in jokes. Ironically, we are outraged when our people and culture are misrepresented in the media.

In order not to overcomplicate our thoughts on this topic, let us simplify our approach to
defining what it means to be a Filipino by describing the simple actions we must take to become
better Filipinos. In his book "12 Little Things Every Filipino Can Do To Help Our Country,"
Alexander L. Lacson enumerated the following items, which are reproduced in full below.

Traffic rules are the simplest of our laws. If we learn to follow them, it could be the lowest
form of national discipline we can develop. Since it is totally without monetary cost, it should be
easy for us to do. It should therefore be a good start.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 “If you do an act repeatedly for 30 consecutive days, it becomes a habit,” said author John
Maxwell.

This principle is universal, and as old as time. And there are so many rewards in following
traffic rules. One of these is it can save lives – either yours, your loved ones, or the innocent ones
on the road. It can bring you home alive and in one piece. It can also save you money from car
repairs or insurance, as well as headaches from quarrelling with the other car’s driver or owner.
Another benefit is deriving culture in nature. Cutting a person’s lane or right of way is one of the
worse traffic violations there is. When you cut the lane or right of way of another driver, you are
being selfish and unfair to those who came before you. Road courtesy is all about civility. It is
about our culture as a people. There is so much culture we pass on to our children when we follow
or disobey traffic rules.

This sounds very ordinary and unimportant. But it is not. When we buy a product or pay
for a service, the price we pay already includes the tax. Under the law, the seller (as the tax-
paying agent0 is obligated to remit or forward the tax to the government.

But if the seller does not issue an official receipt when you buy a product – perhaps
because you did not ask for it or worse, you were asked but you said never mind – the seller may
or may not remit the tax to the government. Since you did not ask for an O.R., there is no record
of the sale transaction and therefore the government has no way of knowing it. If the seller
chooses not to declare the sale transaction to the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), the tax that
you already paid for the product will not be remitted to or collected by the BIR.

In short, the tax that you already paid for the product will just be pocketed by the seller.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Our markets in the country today are flooded with all kinds of cheap imported products,
mostly made from China, including most of the simple things like safety pins and ballpens. Many
of these foreign goods arrive in our country through the legal route. But a great many of them
come through the illegal way, that is, via smuggling.

When imported goods are smuggled into our country, our government is not able to collect
the taxes due them. As a result, smugglers are able to sell these imported goods at very cheap
prices. And buyers are often tempted to buy them, ultimately killing local companies and industries
who cannot compete with the prices of these goods that eventually leads to laying off workers
and higher unemployment rates.

Indeed, we are a people who constantly speak negatively about our nation and ourselves.
Worse, we even laugh at it. Perhaps, as Jose Rizal implies, we may have gotten it from the
Spaniards and Friars who laughed aloud, if not boisterously, when they criticized the Philippine
islands and the Indios. When they left and ceded the islands to the Americans in 1898, the
mestizos and some prosperous natives continued the tradition of self- bashing – laughing at our
defects and faults. Today, this “tradition” has reached us, although with a positive twist. It is now
seen as a positive trait of the Filipino, as a way of coping with the difficulties of life. They certainly
make good topics for conversation. But they do not fail to send across the negative message. We
should make a conscious effort to stop this self- bashing and self- flagellation. There are so many
good things we can talk about ourselves as a people and as a nation.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 We are capable of greatness as a people. Individuals like Jose Rizal and Ninoy Aquino who
sacrificed their talents, energies, and ultimately their lives for the country. Dr. Josette Biyo holds
a master's degree and a doctorate from one of the country's most prestigious universities, where
she taught and was compensated extravagantly. She left everything and decided to teach at a
provincial public school with a salary of less than $300 per month because, in her words, "who
will teach our children?" Dr. Biyo was honored by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by
naming a newly discovered planet in our galaxy after her.

We have Manny V. Pangilinan, Tony Tan Caktiong, U.P Professor Caesar Saloma, Pablo
Planas, Lea Salonga, Paeng Nepomuneno, Manny Pacquiao, Efren "Bata" Reyes, Jennifer
Rosales and many, many more.

Once upon a time, a driver made a wrong turn in one of the busiest streets in Metro Manila.
He did not notice the small sign saying that turning right was not allowed. The traffic officer
signaled for the driver to pull over and there were other car drivers who were caught up like the
man. All these drivers who were pulled over earlier were shouting and arguing with traffic
enforcers, who visibly pissed and piqued. All of them were given tickets, and their driver’s licenses
were confiscated. When it was the driver’s turn, he greeted the traffic officer with a “good
afternoon” and explained to him politely that he failed to notice the sign since it was too small. He
also said that it was too late for him when he was already turning and he was generally a law-
abiding citizen and that he was willing to pay the fine. To his surprise, the traffic enforcer did not
issue him a ticket violation nor confiscated his license. Instead, the traffic officer was polite himself
and just advised him to “be careful” the next time.

This scenario is an example of the age- old adage that says “respect begets respect”.
Respect honors. It empowers . It dignifies. It makes person proud. It makes one feel honorable.
At the same time, courtesy to others is good manners. It is etiquette. It is class and elegance. It

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
is also kindness, It is seeing the value and dignity in the other man. It is, in fact, a mark of the
most profound education.

This kind of respect should also be given to waiters, bellboys and messengers. A person who
is nice to you but not to waiters is not a genuinely nice person dep inside. For respect knows no
title or status in life. Respect is about acknowledging the true value of a person – which is not
often visible.

Our human acts – in quest for food, clothing, shelter, luxury, dreams or folly – affect our
environment and nature, although always slowly and imperceptibly. But when nature reacts, it
could affect us all, including our children and grandchildren – in devastating ways, spawning
typhoons, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, fuel shortages, water supply, food chain, skin cancer,
and global warming due to the depletion of ozone layer.

One of the major problems in Metro Manila today is garbage. People dump garbage in
open dumpsites and sanitary landfills. Under the Clean Air Act of 2001. Incinerators re prohibited
in this country, and rightly so. The problem however is that there are no more dumpsites and
landfills.

Three years ago, several sectors, including civil society groups, already voiced alarm over
the impending garbage crisis in Metro Manila. The government has been doing its job to solve
this problem, but the greater part of the solution is the people.

And there are three ways by which every Filipino citizen can participate.

The first way to help or participate is in fact very basic – that is, by throwing our garbage
properly, which is, in the garbage can, and not on the floor or in the street or in the highway. It
does not need money on our part. Just the conscious effort from each other.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 The second way to help or participate is by practicing segregation of garbage. This is
being encouraged in every village in every city and municipality in the country today. Under this
scheme, people are being asked to segregate garbage according to – food leftovers, papers,
plastics, cans, etc. The segregation will allow the recycling of this solid waste possible and a lot
easier. To segregate is not and should not really be difficult for us. All it takes is a little discipline
at home.

The third way is to help participate for every Filipino is to recycle and reuse instead of buying
new things. The more people buy, the more garbage people make. The more people buy, the
more natural resources they consume. It is as simple as that.

American writer James Fallows of the Atlantic Monthly once accused the Filipinos of
having a “damaged culture”. He said that Filipinos take pride in proclaiming themselves as he
only Christina nation in this part of the world, and yet they do not even take care of the many poor
in their midst, especially the small children – poor and hungry and barefoot – in the streets of
Makati.

As the financial and business capital of the country, Makati is indeed home to the nation’s
really rich villages like Forbes Park, Dasmariñas Village, Urdaneta Village and Bel- Air, not to
mention the towers and high- rise residential condos for people of the same class and status. And
yet, in practically every street where there’s a stoplight, there too are many poor children, beggars
barefoot and malnourished. And residents and businessmen and office workers alike seemed to
have become immune to this daily sight that they do not seem to care or even notice how poor
and hungry these little souls are.

What if all people will donate even just 1% of their monthly net earnings to their
respective churches – whether Catholic, Baptist, INC or Muslim?

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 If this is done, churches will be empowered to have more resources to help the poor and
neglected members of society. Don’t you think this will be a truer claim of being Christian or
Muslim when people support their churches?

Of all the qualifications of a leader, how should we rank honesty?

Half a century ago, the Philippines had a taste of an honest leader – in Ramon Magsaysay.
Unlike the first 5 presidents before him – Quezon, Laurel, Osmeña, Roxas and Quirino (all bar
topnotchers and brilliant lawyers) – Ramon Magsaysay did not have superlative credentials. He
just finished his BS Commerce “without distinction” from Jose Rizal College. But like Abraham
Lincoln and George Washington and Park Chung Hee, Magsaysay was fiercely honest and
humble. At the time of his death on 17 March 1957, he had only P2,000 to leave to his family.
Despite the many years he stayed in Manila as congressman, Secretary of National Defense and
later as President, he never owned a house for his family in Manila. His friends and sympathizers
had to pitch in to buy a home for his widow and children after his death.

Because of his honesty coupled with genuine humility, Magsaysay was a leader adored
and followed in spirit by almost everyone in the land. The Filipino had faith in him. As a result, he
was able to make the Filipinos work for a common dream, even HUKBALAHAP Leader Luis
Taruc.

Honesty, more than a master’s or doctorate degree, is what gives credibility, It is also the
one that sustains it. And credibility is essential, because it is every leader’s link to the people.
More than anything, it is what makes a good leader. It is the solid core of the character of every
great leader in the history of mankind. Honesty is the core character, while character is the core
of leadership. And leadership is the core of every success – in every company’s success, in every
team victory, and in every nation’s march to progress.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 If we want to see progress in our country, we must start with the way we perform our duties
as citizens. As a people, we must be involved. We must get involved. We are a nation of 84 million
people – with 84 million hearts, minds and pairs of hands. Can you imagine if these 84 million
pairs of hands work together for a common vision, for a common dream for the Filipino nation?

There is a reason for everything. There is a reason why, for instance, some people hate
you with passion. Or why others are very loyal to you through thick and thin. Why your house
helper has been with you for 30 years, or your driver for 20 years now, or why your secretary still
works for you with unwavering loyalty despite everything.

A big part of this is being fair. Being fair to them is by paying them what is due them, or
what they deserve. In fact, the way we pay our employees – or the people who serve us or work
for us – is the way we love, respect and treasure them. That is the best way to quantify our love
and respect for them. But there’s another important reason why we should pay our employees
well.

Our country today is in a very critical state. 34 million out of the total 84 million Filipinos
live in naked poverty. Clearly, this is the time when all Filipinos must take an active role in helping
our country. This is a time when all of us must do our share in helping our government, in building
our nation.

Paying our employees well is one such way. It is an act of patriotism, within our means. A
good salary can go a long way. It will pay for your employee’s children’s good education. It will
pay for vitamins and medication to make our youth healthy. It will pay for the reading materials to
make our youth intelligent. It will pay for a low- cost apartment and house and lot to provide our
youth with a good living environment.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 A good salary to our employees will mean a good future for their children, out youth, our
nation’s future. No exercise is better for the human heart than to reach down and lift someone
else up, to serve others, to enrich your community. This truly defines a successful life. For success
is the sum, not of our earthly possessions, but how many times we have shown love and kindness
to others.

Abraham Lincoln had said before – “The ultimate measure of success is not what you have
become, or who you have become, but what others have become because of you.”

Of the many duties of a citizen under our Constitution, paying taxes is one of the most
crucial. This is because taxes are the lifeblood of our government, of our nation.

It is what we use to buy the basic textbook for our millions of children in the country, or to
build additional classrooms in public schools nationwide. Taxes are what we use to buy the most
basic of medicines, often generic and cheap, that our Department of Health distribute to 34 million
Filipinos nationwide who live below the poverty line.

It is what we use to pay all our government employees nationwide – our soldiers, our
policemen, our public school teachers, among the many others.

Viewed in this light, the taxes that people pay are actually not lost or wasted completely.
A substantial portion of the taxes we pay is still put to good use. Because there are many public
servants – not only a few or some – who still do their jobs properly. There are many of them, these
honest and faithful ones, but maybe many of them are just in the rank and file, like most of us.

But they are there. Among the silent many who hold the center and keep our government
from falling apart. They are the ones who keep our public institutions intact through storms and
scandals, notwithstanding the misguided ambitions and corruption of some of their leaders.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 It is for this reason that we should continue paying our taxes. The good ones in the
government are still good reason for us to continue paying our taxes properly. The challenge for
us is to increase the numbers of the good ones in the government.

To adopt a poor child as a scholar seems to be the easier of the two. All you need to do
is look within your clan, among your relatives. I am sure you will be able to find one relative who
needs help. If you cannot find one within your clan, there sure is one in your immediate circle –
among the families of your house helpers, yayas, drivers, or messengers in the office.

It does not cost so much to adopt a scholar. There are good elementary and high schools
that don’t cost much. Public schools are free and there are some of them that are really good.
When your adopted scholar gets good grades in high school, he might even earn a scholarship
to college. The technique therefore is proper motivation and guidance during elementary and high
school.

The second type of adoption is more difficult to make but it is certainly the more noble one.
The resistance will be strong, and it is based largely on fear. The fear of bringing a total stranger
to your home, to grow up from a line of murderers, thieves, liars. The fear that, with the new
adopted mouth you may not be able to provide much to your own kids.

But it is at this point when the Christian in us knocks. The sacrifice we make to save a
poor soul, an innocent child, and give him a world where there’s food, love and a secure future,
is a worthwhile one.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Some years ago, there was a TV commercial that goes – “Sa mga mata ng bata, ang mali
ay nagiging tama kapag ito ay ginagawa ng mas nakakatanda”. The TV commercial showed a
father driving a car, violating a traffic light, his 10-year old son seated beside him at the passenger
side, looking at this father. Every child in the world acquires his concept of right and wrong, his
definition of good and evil, from his parents. He acquires it from what he sees in his parents.

The family is the core of every society, the foundation of every nation, and of the human
world. Our Constitution states that. Every Constitution in the world affirms that. The United Nations
made a declaration on that. What happens in the family will eventually happen to our country, and
the world.

If we teach our children to listen to each other, they will someday know how to listen to
other people in our society. If we teach our children to respect each other’s views, they will
someday know how to respect other people’s views. If we discipline them to follow house rules,
they will someday know how to follow rules and laws in our society. Truly, it is in the family where
the child learns that to lie, to cheat and to steal are wrong, and that to condone any of it is equally
wrong.

Imagine if all fathers in the world would teach their children to help their poor neighbors,
to follow the law, to be honest and fair in dealing with others, to love their country, and to pray to
God? All the children in the world would grow up someday to become God- fearing, good citizens,
and yes good fathers and mothers themselves. And these children would grow up with love and
peace, the whole world too will experience love and peace all over.

Given the present state of the Philippines, with so many problems that we don’t even know
where to begin to solve them, our children are always a good starting point. They are the future.
Their minds and their hearts will shape and color the future.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Performance Task:
1…2…3… ACTION!

Directions: Through a vlog, demonstrate the integration of

Fr. Catapang's values and spiritual character in pursuit of learner
professionalism.

REMINDER!

ü Upload your performance task to our UBian LMS.

ü You will be graded using a rubric.

ASSESSMENT TIME!

UBian LMS Discussion:

Based on what you've learned in this lesson,
how would you define a truly educated
person?

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
References:
B. Books

• H. S. De Leon and H.M. De Leon (2011), Textbook on the Philippine Constitution,

Rex Printing Company, Inc. Quezon City

• A.E.B. Nachura, (2015), Outline Reviewer in Political Law, VJ Graphi Arts Inc.
Quezon City.

• ALEX Lacson (2011), 12 Little Things You Every Filipino Can Do to Help Our
Country, Alay Pinoy Publishing House, Quezon City.

C. Internet Sources

• R. Heydarian, (2021). Politics of the Philippines: From Rizal to Duterte. Retrieved

from: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-
9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0333.xml

• Edleman, P. Philippine Government Structure with a Focus on the Philippine

Barangay. Retrieved from: https://www.niu.edu/clas/cseas/_pdf/lesson-
plans/fulbright-hays/philippine-political-structure.pdf

• Robles, C. (2010). "Local Government Code of 1991 (Book III: Local Government
Units)". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library
• Bar Matter No. 914 October 1, 1999 Re: Application For Admission To The
Philippine Bar Vs. Vicente D. Ching. Retrieved from:
https://lawphil.net/courts/bm/bm_914_1999.html

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
LESSON 3: Values Framework of the Filipinos

ABOUT THE LESSON:

The previous topic highlighted the significance of gender and development as well as the
aspects of politics and governance in achieving genuine service to one's fellowmen. As a
continuation of the discussion on the core value, Service to Fellowmen, we will now look at the
various Filipino Values that we have and how it may be utilized in the delivery of genuine service
to one’s fellowmen—as a goal of the University for its students; it’s very mission for existing and
her vision for the future.

At the end of the lesson, you can:

LO1. Distinguish different Filipino values in moral and social development;
LO2 Foster Filipino values in leadership with the ability to demonstrate human relations
and respect for human rights while serving the fellowmen;
LO3. Engage self -reflection to facilitate awareness of the interconnection of individuals;
LO4. Integrate the concept of Filipino values and citizenship in service to fellowmen into
community proposals and engagement;
LO5. Recognize the legacy of Atty. Francisco Perez and Atty. Pablo C. Umali with regard
to service to fellowmen; and
LO6. Apply the values exemplified by Atty. Francisco Perez and Atty. Pablo C. Umali in
honing one’s concept of leadership.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: Vlog for A Day; Forum

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 2 weeks / 6 hours

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

SIMPLE ACTS MATTER

As part of our lesson, kindly watch the video by

clicking this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlfaFK7OFUo

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 REACTION GUIDE

All values are important. Everyone who has ever touched one’s life in some way is a
mentor for good or for bad. Life is a blend, and a person is a blend of all the influences that have
touched his/her life.

Based on the presented video and the above-mentioned quote, ponder on

the following questions:
1. Why are values important?
2. How do values affect one’s personal life, the lives of others, and
society as a whole?

The Filipino As A Leader and A Visionary:

Values Framework of the Filipinos

Filipino Values in Moral and Social Development

Aside from transcending the taboo within the society and

giving emphasis to the importance of service and equality for all, we
must also look at the different values that we have as “Filipinos” and
see what positive values we can apply in order to enhance our
commitment in serving others.

Let us define first the meaning of values. Values is referred to

as standards from which clusters of society decides the desirability
and prominence of a person, notions, movements and of objects.
Example 1: God refers to goodness while devil represents evil.
Example 2: Saving and investing money is better than splurging.
Example 3: Family is important more than anything else.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 There are differences in values for particular places and people but there are usually
commonalities. Values that a group has usually is chosen freely, from among the best of
alternatives, publicly affirmed and when acted upon enhances one’s development of emotional
and spiritual being. Aside from these, having values aids a person in his or her decision making.
Values also gives people meaning and direction.

Having values also gives things a sense of desirability and satisfying significance. Lastly,
it serves as the core from which education and formation of a person relies.

Values can be classified as either economic (monetary and material), behavioral (guide in
taking an action), social (for dealing with other people – Thou shall and thou shall not attitudes),
non-social (self-concern) or moral (spiritual). The proliferation of values are supported by theories
such as those proposed by William James (“Inner man” or Mentalistic Theory of Values), B.F.
Skinner and his “Outer Man” or Behavioral Theory of Values and Sigmund Freud’s evolutionary
Instinctual drives of “Id”, “Ego” and “Super Ego”

Whether we like it or not, as Filipinos we have a set

of values composed of both positive and negative aspects.
These values affect how we serve and how we deal with
other people. Early on we were taught by our parents or
elders of the value of respect by means of saying “po” and
“opo”, gestures of “pagmamano” and in how to correctly
dwelt upon people as also a manifestation of our faith in
God. Aside from being “madasalin” at “pagiging maka-Diyos”, most of us has been inculcated the
values of “pakikisama”, “pakikipag-tulungan”, “pagmamalasakit sa bawat isa”, “pagmamahalan”
and “pakikipagkapwa-tao”

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Yet as a Filipino come of age, we learn the high moral
values such as “karangalan”, “katarungan”, “kalayaan”,
“pagkakaroon ng puri at dangal”, “Delicadeza” and “Palabra de
Honor” Aside from these we also put high regard for Education or
“Pagiging Titulado” which most of us see as our ticket towards
social acceptance, economic security and social mobility (or
advancement in social class or position). If acquired, these values come in handy, as one grows
in to adulthood because as adults and fellow workers, these values are needed in maintaining
good and harmonious relationship with others.

However, there are values which we may not fully accept as

ours but has become attributed to us or we have come to tolerate.
Examples of which are: tardiness in Punctuality (Filipino Time),
“Maňana or Mamaya na habit”, “pagiging ningas-cogon”, “Bahala
na”, “Hiya”, “Amor Propio”, “Utang na Loob”, Use of Intermediary or
go-between, “lakad” system and “Compadre” system, “Segurista”
attitude, “pagiging gaya-gaya” (no originality), Lack of
sportsmanship, particularism (being loyal to a group or being regionalistic), “pagbibigay lagay”,
“kamag-anak” system or nepotism and many more. Unlike the first set of values mentioned, these
second set of values (though generally accepted) are considered a hindrance towards having a
clean and honest society. It also weakens the moral fiber of a Filipino and affects his work ethics.

As Brahmans, aside from the two previous core values we have learned, we put high
emphasis among our core values, the value of being always in “Service to Fellowmen”. Focusing
on our institutional Philosophy, UB wants to have individuals who will not only uplift themselves
but become servant-leaders as well.

The focus of attaining education is for the preservation and improvement of the Philippine
society. Therefore, in learning those Positive Filipino Values, students may become inspired to
become better persons and future leaders. On the other hand, in knowing the negative aspects
of Filipino Values, they can hold their head up and turn away from shameful practices that has

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
continually pestered our society, there by slowly changing our value system and work ethics for
the better.

As an institution, UB molds persons with the same ideals that she has. Upon honing those
individuals holistically as persons and workers, she sees to it that they will become individuals
who will help effect positive change by building better families; continually contributing what he or
she has learned in uplifting the community, and the nation as whole—and in the words of Juan Y.
Javier, eventually “leaving this world better than when they have found it,”

Everyone has values; however, not everyone demonstrates strong leadership values.
Anyone in a leadership position should be aware of their values, their strengths, and the areas in
which they can improve as a leader. The question is… why are these important?

Because your values determine how you exercise leadership, the environment you foster
within your team, and the success of your organization. Your values as a leader will transcend
the entire organization and influence its performance. Leaders who uphold their values earn the
respect and loyalty of their team members. Leadership based on values can inspire others not
only to follow, but also to adopt those values as their own. By accepting that leadership qualities
can be developed, it is possible to select leadership values to cultivate.

Self-Reflection
Value-based leaders set aside some time each day to consider their most
recent decisions and intentions. By doing this, they have the chance to reassess
their values, recognize their purpose, and learn what is truly important to them
as leaders and team members. Strong leaders are honest enough to identify the
truth and are willing to evaluate themselves in these areas.

Effective self-reflection frequently begins with constructive criticism from your peers, direct
reports, and those in positions of authority. This guarantees the leader's capacity to recognize
and address blind spots in their interactions with others, decision-making, and clearly
communicating the vision.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Balance
Value-based leaders have the capacity to consider
situations from numerous perspectives and incorporate the
team's diversity of viewpoints while relying on the core values
in all decision-making. They are aware of the importance of
each team member and use the team's advantages in every
situation.
They are aware of when to take the initiative, when to let others take the lead, and when
to step aside. Because there is more trust at every level of the chain of command, value-based
leaders are better at democratizing decision-making and leadership.

Humility
Leadership humility is the conviction that oneself and
those under one's control are equal. These leaders believe
that every worker contributes just as much value to the
organization as they do. Humble leaders go above and
beyond to support their teams and make sure they are well-
cared for at work.
The team's safeguarding, and taking complete responsibility for errors and missed
opportunities are their ultimate objectives. They are aware that they are ultimately responsible for
the team's outcome and performance. What can I do to be a better leader for this team? is a
question they ask themselves and others frequently.

Authenticity
The most effective leaders regard their teams with honesty and
openness. Also crucially, both on and off the battlefield, their words and
deeds are consistently in unison. In both their personal and professional
lives, they frequently refer to their value system. They build relationships
both inside and outside the organization in a very similar way. Their
leadership style is a deliberate demonstration of how much they genuinely care about people.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Authentic leaders are highly self-aware and actively work to develop their emotional
intelligence. They have a long-term outlook and are mission-driven. Most importantly, they seize
every chance to include, when appropriate, the organization's core values in all communication.

Continuous Improvement
Leaders who adopt a value-based approach are never
satisfied with the status quo because of their inherent qualities of
authenticity and humility. They support receiving direct criticism,
constant development, and lifelong learning. Additionally, they
pursue continued development for their followers rather than just
for themselves. So, what does all of this accomplish?

• Improved Communication: Greater alignment occurs when a team has shared

values. This alignment makes it possible for managers and employees to freely
discuss all topics, even the most delicate ones. Everyone is more open and honest
with their ideas and opinions. By bridging the gap between employer and employee, it
also enhances communication with those outside the organization.
• Stronger Relationships: People who share the same values as the organization as
a whole will establish closer bonds, watch out for one another, and interact more
meaningfully than those who do not.
• Higher Levels of Performance: Value-based leaders encourage higher levels of
performance by recognizing and nurturing talent that resonates with the organization's
goals and missions. Team members are more willing to contribute more of their time,
skills, and energy to achieving shared objectives in this type of environment. They
prioritize the needs of the team over their own.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Our values act as a compass that guides us through life,
allowing us to see the world in our own unique way while also
providing us with inspiration and motivation. Our values serve as an
anchor for who we are both at home and at work. In essence, it forms
the foundation of our identities. As a result, they have a significant
influence on how we act as leaders. In reality, your identity as a
person merges with your identity as a leader, which contributes to the
impact you have on the people and organizations you serve.

More often than not, may leaders fail to invest the necessary time and effort in recognizing
their own personal values. They may understand values on the surface, but they rarely delve into
the thoughts and emotions that helped shape those values. For instance, leaders may assert that
they value profits, excellence, high standards, and their organizations' long-term success.
Alternatively, they could state that they value their employees and are committed to conducting
business in an ethical manner. All of these ideas are admirable and can undoubtedly propel n
organization to success; however, if leaders do not fully embody these ideals, a crucial link in the
chain of command is missing, which can impede everything from productivity to employee
engagement.

In a nutshell, strong moral principles are

essential to be a self-aware, grounded leader. When
you are aware of how your values shape your
thinking, behavior, and decision-making, you can
make better decisions for yourself and have a more
positive influence on those around you. If you don't,
you'll frequently operate on autopilot, which could be
detrimental to both your organization and your career. With these, learn to take a step back and
think about how your values impact your role and you as a person. It is vital to evaluate your
situation on a regular basis to ensure that your innermost desires and behavior are in sync with
everything you are dealing with in your ever-changing workplace and wider world.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 The Philippine Society is not perfect nor the values that exist within it. As Brahmans, we
have classified between the positive and negative aspects of these values. It depends on us to
apply the positive values so we will become better persons. We have the capacity to change the
negative aspects of our society by slowly moving away from the negative-used to values that our
society has. It is by doing these that one day we may really see progress for our country—A
country of genuine faith in God; A country seeking wisdom to continually preserve and improve
itself and; A country of genuine servant leaders.

Life and Values As Shown by

Atty. Francisco G. Perez and Atty. Pablo C. Umali

Atty. Francisco “Kiko” G. Perez

Atty. Francisco G. Perez, a prominent politician of the 1950s

and a native Batangueño, was born to humble barrio parents who
tilled the soil and grew subsistence crops. For this reason, he
experienced the difficult barrio life, which was devoid of material
comforts. This experience, however, did not dampen Attorney Perez's
spirit. Matter of fact, it inspired him to nurture the virtues of frugality,
industry, patience, perseverance, tenacity, diligence, and a deep
appreciation for education. Aside from that, Francisco was a self-
made man who endured a long and arduous journey to become a successful professional, as he
was able to complete his law course and graduate as valedictorian despite being unable to afford
a book.

Additionally, Atty. Perez was known for his unwavering resolve. Despite his lack of political
experience, he entered the political arena as a candidate for one of two board member positions
in Batangas' second district and easily won the election. As a member of the Board, Bokal Perez
authored ordinances and resolutions that benefited the people of Batangas' 2nd District, and he
actively participated in education-related board deliberations.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Because his conscience constantly reminded him of his duty as a politician and a
community servant, Atty. Perez's voice always reverberated in the sessions he never failed to
attend. And, as a result of his concern for the people and his great love and dedication to his job,
he was repeatedly elected until he won the seat as a provincial board member for the fifth time.

Moreover, Atty. Perez was extremely concerned with the pursuit of education. In fact, he
used to encourage his barrio neighbors to send their children to school on the basis that education
is the best legacy parents can leave their children. As an incentive for his less fortunate relatives,
he provided them with free lodging and meals in his own home so that they could pursue a high
school or college education. Bokal Perez persisted in encouraging people to study because he
believed that poverty is not an impediment to success. He even helped them with their tuition and
other miscellaneous expenses on occasion so that they could continue their education. He
believed that education could lead to a highly productive life and a prosperous future, citing
himself as the best example.

Furthermore, Atty. Perez was renowned for being a man of character. When he attempts
to persuade others in order to prove a point, his voice will resonate in all four corners of the room.
He fought fearlessly for what he believed to be right, even to the point of being defeated by the
Japanese when they prevented the people from passing through a Japanese sentry in Hilltop
Area. He fought for his principles and demanded that he be allowed to pass through because,
according to him, why should he be prevented from passing through Filipino-owned territory?

His passion for education, commitment to achieving his goals, and compassion for the
poor and the young became his legacy. The impressions he left on his students' minds were also
his own legacy, which they carried with them throughout their lives.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Atty. Pablo C. Umali

Pablo Umali was also from a poor family and a working student.
Although the family's financial situation made it difficult for him to
complete his studies, he was able to graduate from the University of
Manila with a law degree and then pass the bar exam.

Atty. Umali was an educator. He taught at the College of Law

within the Lipa City Colleges. He had also established a reputation in the
legal field, which earned him a position as a Municipal Judge in San Luis, Batangas. Later, until
his retirement, he was the City Assessor in Lipa City.

The fact that Atty. Umali was a columnist for Free Press and Panorama in the 1960s, in
addition to being an educator and a lawyer, was indication of his brilliant mind. This brilliance was
transformed into a profound social concern. As a writer, he was required to be introspective and
keenly aware of the nation's political, moral, and economic climate. He was required to take a
critical stance on a variety of issues so that the government and private sectors could be made
aware of the current state of the nation.

Due to his early retirement as a member of the Board and dean of the College of Commerce
as WPC, Attorney Umali could not have left a significant legacy at UB, from the perspective of an
outsider. However, he left behind a legacy of integrity and a deep concern for youth education.
His life exemplified Proverbs 28:6, which states, "Better is a poor man who walks in his integrity
than a rich man who is crooked in his ways."

According to Mr. Joel Umali Peña, Pablo Umali's grandson, his grandfather loathed graft
and corruption so much. In fact, c oncern for the City of Lipa prompted him to accept the position
of City Assessor in order to prevent and, if possible, completely eradicate graft and corruption.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Meanwhile, as an educator, he advocated for honesty and integrity in the business field. He
was certain that these students would find employment as business managers or accountants.
They must be taught to maintain their dignity, and they must avoid all forms of graft and corruption.
Because of the seed he planted in the minds of WPC's students, the school had a reputation for
producing honest accountants and successful businessmen. It had taught the students that
character is more important than wealth in some way. Because of the values he instilled in the
faculty and students of the College of Commerce during his brief time at WPC, he left behind a
lasting impression.

Performance Task:
Vlog for a Day!

Based on your understanding of the lesson, create a VLOG illustrating Filipino values that
reflect aspirations for moral and social development.

DIRECTIONS:
ü The vlog must be 3 – 5 minutes in duration and must be
uploaded to our UBian LMS.
ü The presentation must be in the.mp4 format with a video
resolution of 1280 x 720 (720p).
ü You should dress formally and use adequate lighting
when filming your video.
ü Rubric for the activity will be posted on your UBian LMS
account.

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 ASSESSMENT TIME!

UBian LMS Forum:

In what ways do you believe the University of Batangas' vision
and mission can support your efforts to become a valuable
member of your family, community, and nation, in light of the
values demonstrated by Atty. Perez and Atty. Umali? What
actions are you currently taking to become one? What actions
are you currently taking to become one?

References:
A. Books
• Frando, M.,& Isip, L. (2019). Understanding the Self. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Barangka Drive, Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila.
• Alata, E.J., Caslib, B., Serafia, J.P., & Paliven, R. A. (2018). Understanding the Self.
Rex Book Store. Sampaloc, Manila.

B. Online References
• Vision, Mission and Philosophy. http://www.ub.edu.ph/vision-mission-philosopy.
Retrieved. July 18, 2022
• Wooll, M. (2021). The 13 essential leadership values for anyone leading a team.
Retrieved from: https://www.betterup.com/blog/10-core-values-of-a-great-
leader#:~:text=Because%20your%20values%20determine%20how,and%20commit
ment%20from%20their%20teams.
• Indeed Editorial Team. (2022). Values-Based Leadership: Traits and Benefits.
Retrieved from: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/values-
based-leadership

Address: Governor Feliciano Leviste Road, Lipa City 4217, Batangas, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 757 5277
Website: www.ub.edu.ph