Occupational and Safety Health

for Safety Officer I

(OSH for SO1)

Module 1: Overview
Introduction to Occupational Safety
and Health

At the end of this module, participants

will be able to :
• Discuss the basis for this course;
• Define OSH and its importance;
• Briefly explain highlights of the OSH
situation, both local and abroad; and
• State salient provisions of the new law
on OSH and its Implementing Rules
and Regulations.
Why OSH Course for SO1?
• Republic Act 11058 (An Act
Strengthening Compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health and
Providing for Penalties for Violations
Thereof) was passed in 2018.
• D.O. 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) was also
signed on Dec 2018 and became
enforceable on January 25, 2019
• Companies are now classified both by the
no. of its workers as well as its risk
classification
 Why OSH Course for SO1?
• Safety Officers are now classified
based on the companies they
work with. There are four (4)
levels- SO1 to SO 4
• SO1 is for establishments that
have:
– 1-50 workers which are also low-
risk; and
– those which employs nine workers
but are classified as medium-risk.
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 Risk Classification of Establishments
• Low risk establishments-a workplace where there is low level
of danger o exposure to safety and health hazards and not
likely or with low probability to result in accident, harm or
injury or illness
• Medium risk establishments are where there is moderate
exposure to safety and health hazards and with probability of
an accident, injury or illness, if no preventive or control
measures are in place.
• High Risk establishment- refers to a workplace wherein the
presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company
may affect the safety and/or the health of workers Photonot only
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within but also persons outside the premises of the
workplace.
Examples of Low Risk Establishments

Photo by art12977
 Food for thought

How many workers does your

company employ?

To what risk classification does your

company/organization belong to?
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What is OSH?
 Occupational Safety and Health
“the science of anticipation, recognition, evaluation
and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace
that could impair the health and well-being of workers,
taking into account the possible impact on the
surrounding communities and the general
environment.”
“Fundamentals of Occupational Health and Safety”, 2nd Edition,
International Labor Organization

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Two Major Fields of (OSH)
Occupational safety (OS) deals with
• causes of accidents at work
• ways to prevent unsafe act and
unsafe conditions in any workplace.
Occupational health (OH)
• a broad concept
• explains how the different hazards and
risks at work may cause an illness
• emphasizes that health programs are
essential in controlling Photo by art12977
work-related
and/or occupational diseases
 Occupational Safety and Health
(Kaligtasan at Kalusugan sa Trabaho o Hanap-buhay)
(+) SAFETY - Kaligtasan (+) HEALTH - Kalusugan
(-) ACCIDENTS - aksidente (-) ILLNESSES or DISEASES- sakit
Examples - Halimbawa
COLDS - sipon
STRUCK BY OBJECTS – nahulugan o MUSKULOSKELETAL PAINS- sakit sa
nabagsakan ng mga bagay katawan
SLIPS, TRIPS – nadulas, o napatid COVID-19- for frontliners
FOREIGN BODY IN THE EYE – OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA – hika na
napuwing ang mata nakuha dahil sa trabaho
CAUGHT IN BETWEEN MACHINE- OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS – ibat-
naipit ng makina. ibang klase ng kanser
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ELECTROCUTION – nakoryente Ebola, SARS- for healthcare workers
FALLS- nahulog
 Work Accidents &
Occupational Illnesses
Work Accidents Occupational Illnesses
Easy to spot Not immediately apparent
Effect is usually IMMEDIATE Effects can be seen after a certain
period of exposure time (latency
period)
Effect usually SHOCKS or ALARMS Effects not immediately alarming nor
shocking

May affect whole body or parts of the Effect is usually internal as body organs
body only are affected (except for the skin which
is the largest organ of the body)
Largely due to poor housekeeping, Due to four types of hazards:
Photo byphysical,
art12977
materials storage and handling, biological, chemical or ergonomic
electrical fire and machine hazards stressors
“Sudden impact” “Killing me Slowly”
 A Safety Officer

Can save lives at work

thru:
prevention of both
work accidents and
occupational illnesses
and diseases!
OSH SITUATIONER
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL OSH DATA
Global OSH Data: ILO Report
270 million work-related accidents
160 million occupational diseases
(causing more than 4 days absence)
Average of 5,000 people die everyday due to
work-related accidents every year
Global OSH Data: ILO Report
355,000 fatal work-related accidents every year
(half occur in agriculture; other high risk sectors: mining,
construction and commercial fishing)
4% (or over 1.2 million USD) of the world’s GDP is lost
due to occupational diseases and accidents
12,000 children are killed on the job annually
The OSH Situation
As work patterns changed, trends on accidents and
diseases may also reflect how workers are affected.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)

Mental health disorders

….. are on the rise!

 Local Scenario: Filipino Workers
41.5 million + employed Filipinos (January 2018)
both in the formal and informal sectors
57% services sector; 25% agriculture;
18% industry sector (mining, manufacturing, construction etc.)
3.5 million government employees

In your company
How many workers?

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Key Local OSH Data Sources
• 2017-2018 Integrated Survey on Labor and
Employment (ISLE)
• Work Accidents/Illnesses Report (WAIR)
Summary – mandatory reports of companies
• NSO Household Survey Data
• OSHC Database
2017-2018 Integrated Survey on
Labor and Employment (ISLE)
38,288 occupational accidents in 2017
1.0 % Fatal
43.9% Non-fatal with lost workdays
55.1 % Without lost workdays
46,283 Total cases of occupational injuries
2017/2018 INTEGRATED SURVEY ON LABOR AND
EMPLOYMENT (ISLE)– Part 5 Occupational Safety and
Health Practices: 2017
Date Released: December 2019
Reference No.: 2019-213
Top 3 industries with accidents and % share
injuries

1. Manufacturing 49.7

2. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of 11.4

motor vehicles
3. Administrative and support services 7.2
LEADING CAUSES OF WORK-RELATED INJURIES
1. Stepping on, striking against or struck by objects,
excluding falling objects (36.3%).
2. Caught in or between objects (21.0%) and
3. Falls of persons (10.5%).
MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP

1. plant and machine operators and assemblers - 30.2 %

2. service and sales workers - 19.3 %
3. elementary occupations - 18.7 %
 Agents of Injury
Agents of Injury Percent
Share
Machines and Equipment 26.2
Materials and objects 24.4
Hand tools 18.3
 Policy Framework
"The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and
overseas, organized and unorganized, and promote full
employment opportunities for all. It shall guarantee the
rights of all workers to self-organization, collective
bargaining and negotiations, and peaceful concerted
activities, including the right to strike in accordance with
law. They shall be entitled to security of tenure, humane
conditions of work, and a living wage.”
Article XIII, Section 3 of the 1987 Constitution
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“The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, by
appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory
occupational safety and health standards to eliminate or
reduce occupational safety and health hazards in all
workplaces and institute new, and update existing
programs to ensure safe and healthful working conditions
in places of employment.”

Chapter II: Occupational Health and Safety

Art. 162. Safety and health standards
Book IV, Title II, on Medical, Dental and OccupationalPhoto
Safety
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P.D. 442 or the Labor Code of the Philippines
Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS)
- promulgated in 1978
- with major amendments in 1988
- major provisions amended by
R.A. 11058 and D.O. 198-18

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RA 11058
An Act Strengthening Compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health
Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations Thereof

DO 198-18
Its Implementing
Rules and
Regulations
 Coverage (Sec. 2, DO 198-18)
applicable to all establishments, project sites, and in all
other places where work is being undertaken in all
branches of economic activity, except the public sector.
• special economic zones and other investment promotion
agencies (such as Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA),
Clark Development Corporation (CDC);
• utilities engaged in air, sea, and land transportation;
• mining, fishing, construction, agriculture and maritime; and
• contractors and sub-contractors including those engaged in the
projects of the public sector. Photo by art12977
 Classification of Establishments as to
Risk and Size (Sec. 3, DO 198-18)

• High Risk establishment - the presence of hazard or

potential hazard within the company may affect the
safety and/or the health of workers not only within
but also persons outside the premises of the
workplace. Some 16 industries are already listed as
high-risk.

• Medium risk establishment - there is moderate

exposure to safety and health hazards and with
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probability of an accident, injury or illness, if no
preventive or control measures are in place
 Classification of Establishments as to
Risk and Size (Sec. 3, DO 198-18)

• Low risk establishment - there is low level of danger

or exposure to safety and health hazards and with
probability of an accident, injury or illness, if no
preventive or control measures are in place.

• Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) establishments

employing less than ten (10) employees, and the
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establishments employing less than one hundred (100)
employees, regardless of capitalization.
 Duties of employers

• Equip a place of employment for workers free from

hazardous conditions
• Equip a place of employment for workers free from
hazardous conditions
• Ensure that ..(work conditions) are without risk to health
• Use only approved specific industry set of standards of
devices and equipment
• Comply with OSHS including training, medical
examinations
when necessary, provisions on protective and safety devices
such as PPE and machine guards
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Duties of employers

• Make arrangements for workers and their representatives

to have the time and the resource to participate actively in
the processes of organizing, planning and implementation,
monitoring, evaluation and action for improvement of the
OSH management system;
• Provide, …. measures identifying trainings and drills,
evacuation plans, etc., to deal with emergencies, fires and
accidents including first-aid arrangements;
• Comply with the reportorial requirements of the OSHS; and
• Register establishments to the DOLE as provided under the
OSHS.
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 Duties of the workers

• Participate in capacity-building activities on safety and

health and other OSH related topics and programs;
• Proper use of all safeguards and safety devices
furnished;
• Comply with instructions to prevent accidents or
imminent danger situations in the workplace;
• Observe prescribed steps to be taken in case of
emergency; and
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• Report ….. any work hazard that may be discovered in
the workplace.
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 Workers’ Rights
1. Right to Know- the hazards at their work
2. Right to Refuse Unsafe Work- in imminent
danger situations. The SO can issue work stoppage
order if by his own determination, an imminent
danger exists, without fear of reprisal
3. Right to Report Accidents
4. Right to PPE- should be free of charge

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 imminent danger
“a situation caused by a condition or practice of
employment that could reasonably be expected
to lead to death or serious physical harm.”
(Chapter II, Sec. 3, (i), D.O. 198-18)

Photo by art12977

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 Duties of Safety Officer
• Oversee the overall management of the OSH
program in coordination with the OSH committee;
• Frequently monitor and inspect any health or
safety aspect of the operation
• Assist government inspectors in the conduct of
safety and health inspection at any time
performed
• Issue Work Stoppage Order (WSO) when necessary
based on the requirements and procedures
provided by the OSH standards.
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Photo by art12977
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 Health and Safety Committee
Members < 10 workers; Med.-high risk w/10-50 2 or more est. in one
Low-risk with 10-50 workers; and Low to high building or complex
workers risk with 51 or more workers including malls

Chairperson Company owner or Ex-officio Chairperson: Building owner or

manager Owner or rep rep as the building
administrator
Secretary SO of the workplace SO of the workplace SO of the building or
appointed by mgt
Ex-officio Certified first-aider
members OH Nurse
OH Dentist
OH physician, as applicable

Member At least 1 worker, pref. SOs representing the

a union member if contractor or sub- Photo by art12977
organized contractors, or workers
(from unions) or by simple
majority if not
 OSH Reporting Requirements
(Chapter IV, Sec. 17, DO. 198-18)

• Annual Medical Report (AMR)

• OSH Committee report- monthly
• Employer’s Work Accident/Illness report
(WAIR)- within 30 days after occurrence of accident
• Annual Work Accident/injury Exposure Data
Report (AEDR).

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 Workers‘ Welfare Facilities
(Chapter IV, Sec. 19, DO 198-18)

• Adequate supply of safe drinking water;

• Adequate sanitary and washing facilities;
• Suitable living accommodation for workers, as may be
applicable;
• Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for all
gender, as may be applicable;
• Lactation station except for those establishments as provided
for under DOLE DO 143-15; and
• Ramps, railings and the like.
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 Administrative Fines
OSHS PROVISIONS FINE
Registration of establishment to DOLE P20,000
Provision of job safety instruction or orientation
P20,000
prior to work
Provision of workers’ training (first aid, mandatory
workers training, mandatory OSH training for SOs P25,000
and OH personnel
Provision of safety signage and devices P30,000
Provision of medical supplies, equipment & facilities P30,000
Submission of OSHS reportorial requirements PhotoP30,000
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 Administrative Fines
OSHS PROVISIONS FINE
Provision of safety officer and/or OH personnel P40,000
Provision of certified personnel or professionals P40,000
Establishment of a safety and health committee P40,000
Formulation and implementation of a
P 40,000
comprehensive OSH Program
Provision of information on hazards and risks
(absence of chemical safety data sheet, no written P40,000
SOP in materials handling, lifting, etc.
Provision of sanitary and welfare facilities PhotoP40,000
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 Administrative Fines
OSHS PROVISIONS FINE
Use of approved or certified devices and equipment P40,000
for the task
Provision of PPE or charging devices and equipment P40,000
for the task
Compliance with DOLE issued WSO P40,000
Compliance to other OSH standards P50,000

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 A Quick Reminder!
• Failure or refusal to comply with OSH standards or
compliance order shall be deemed willful when
done voluntarily, deliberately and intentionally.

• Depending on the type and severity of non-

compliance involved as well as the repetition of such
non-compliance, additional administrative fines may
be imposed separately and in addition to the daily
fine imposed
 A Quick Reminder!
• Penalties shall be computed on a per day basis until full
compliance reckoned from the date of the notice of
violation or service of the compliance order to the
employer without prejudice to the filing of a criminal or
civil case in the regular courts. Fines herein imposed shall
be without prejudice to the fines imposable by other
appropriate government agencies

• When the violation exposes the worker to death, serious

injury or serious illness, the imposable penalty shall be
one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00).
 Clear Points
• OSH is important not only to the worker but in our
personal lives as well.
• Controls are available to mitigate, if not totally
prevent deleterious effects of work accidents,
occupational illnesses and other injuries.
• On the government side, it has passed a law and its
IRR to make it implementable.
• Compliance to such laws can guide companies, big,
medium or small, to better protect theirPhoto
workers
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Ang hanap-buhay ay para
ikabuhay,
At hindi para ikamatay!”